Article(id=1322164601161106212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731513600000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793158205547, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793158205547, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793158205547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793158205547, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322164546295410919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793158192465, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158905697, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322167537857573862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322167537861768167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=209, endPage=216, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322164601358238501, articleId=1322164601161106212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Optimization of Mining and Transportation Equipment Schemes for Potassium Salt Mines Based on Interval Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Matter-Element Analysis, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The reasonable selection of mining and transportation equipment for potassium salt mines is related to the realization of production capacity and the control of mining costs. In order to comprehensively and scientifically optimize mining and transportation equipment scheme for potassium salt mines, the interval analytic hierarchy process was used to construct the optimization index system, and the weights of the optimization indicators were analyzed and calculated. A multi-objective optimization model for mining and transportation equipment schemes in potassium salt mine was constructed using fuzzy matter-element analysis method. The comprehensive relative subordination degree of each alternative scheme of mining and transportation equipment in potassium salt mine was analyzed and calculated. The results show that factors such as purchase investment, mining and transportation capacity, and mining cost have a significant impact on the optimization of mining and transportation equipment schemes for potassium salt mines, while factors such as pollutant emissions, handling performance, and reliability have a relatively small impact on the optimization of mining equipment schemes for potassium salt mines. The scheme of continuous mining machine+diesel shuttle truck (Scheme 2) has the highest comprehensive relative subordination degree among the four schemes, and is determined to be the optimal scheme. The mining and transportation costs, safety, and environmental friendliness of Scheme 2 are superior to the previous usage scheme of the mine, and the mining and transportation costs and pollutant emissions have been reduced by 1.4 yuan/t and 6 percentage points respectively, with a 10 percentage points improvement in safety performance. The research results have demonstrated that the interval analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy matter-element analysis method can provide a more scientific and reasonable selection of mining and transportation equipment schemes for potassium salt mines, thereby providing reference and guidance for potassium salt enterprises to improve their economic and comprehensive benefits.

, authors=Xin GAO, Yong ZHOU, Xueqian WEI, Baolong HE, Chang LI, Yang LIU, authorsList=Xin GAO, Yong ZHOU, Xueqian WEI, Baolong HE, Chang LI, Yang LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322164608937345875, articleId=1322164601161106212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=基于区间层次分析和模糊物元分析的钾盐矿采运装备方案优选, columnId=1226462295946085268, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山机电与矿业智能化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

钾盐矿采运装备的合理选择关系到钾盐矿生产能力的实现及开采成本的控制。为了全面科学地优选钾盐矿采运装备方案,采用区间层次分析法构建了优选指标体系,并分析计算优选指标权重。以模糊物元分析法构建了钾盐矿采运装备方案多目标优选模型,对各备选的钾盐矿采运装备方案进行了综合相对优属度的分析计算。结果表明:购置投资、采运能力和采运成本等因素对钾盐矿采运装备方案优选影响较大,而污染物排放、操控性能及可靠性等因素对于钾盐矿采运装备方案优选影响相对较小;连采机+柴油梭车的方案(方案2)综合相对隶属度为4个方案中最高,确定该方案为最优方案;方案2的采运费用、安全性、环保性均优于该矿前期使用方案,且采运成本和污染物排放分别减低了1.4元/t和6个百分点,安全性能提升了10个百分点。研究结果证明了区间层次分析法和模糊物元分析法可以对钾盐矿采运装备方案进行更加科学合理的优选,进而为钾盐企业提高经济效益和综合效益提供参考借鉴。

, authors=高新, 周勇, 魏学谦, 贺保龙, 李畅, 刘洋, authorsList=高新, 周勇, 魏学谦, 贺保龙, 李畅, 刘洋, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

高新(1986—),男,湖北黄冈人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事矿山设计和研究工作。E-mail:

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高新(1986—),男,湖北黄冈人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事矿山设计和研究工作。E-mail:

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高新(1986—),男,湖北黄冈人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事矿山设计和研究工作。E-mail:

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Science and Technology Review, 2011, 29 (4): 78-81., articleTitle=Fuzzy extension matter-element model based on entropy weight in optimization of mine ventilation systems, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322164614889063312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601161106212, awardId=2022YFC2904001, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2904001), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322164609256112980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601161106212, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322164609268695893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601161106212, companyId=1322164609256112980, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Chonfar Engineering and Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410116, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322164609277084502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601161106212, companyId=1322164609256112980, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中蓝长化工程科技有限公司,湖南 长沙 410116)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322164613316199296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601161106212, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Optimal selection indicator system for mining and transportation equipment schemes in potassium salt mines, figureFileSmall=rVR0QEbYIzZkNT8A5t/n9w==, figureFileBig=LaJ08CWEwstONt5IRpVPiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164613404279681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601161106212, language=CN, label=图1, caption=钾盐矿采运装备方案优选指标体系, figureFileSmall=rVR0QEbYIzZkNT8A5t/n9w==, figureFileBig=LaJ08CWEwstONt5IRpVPiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164613609800578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601161106212, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Optimal selection process for mining and transportation equipment scheme in potassium salt mines, figureFileSmall=d+tNxKzMJ+GMjnymzSPNPg==, figureFileBig=JzzCrZDiNuOtWI9MBGUJ1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164613739824003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601161106212, language=CN, label=图2, caption=钾盐矿采运装备方案优选流程, figureFileSmall=d+tNxKzMJ+GMjnymzSPNPg==, figureFileBig=JzzCrZDiNuOtWI9MBGUJ1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164613848875908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601161106212, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Statistics of optimal selection indicators for mining and transportation equipment schemes in potassium salt mines

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案采运能力/(t/d)操控性能/%可靠性/%环境耐受性/%购置投资/万元维护成本/(万元/a)采运成本/(元/t)安全性能/%生产能耗/((kW•h)/t)污染物排放/%
方案13 00089858032 8001 4602.8940.05840
方案23 30095929026 4001 0504.2900.15981
方案33 20096989224 6008205.8800.23290
方案43 40096939223 4009405.6800.22487
), ArticleFig(id=1322164613962122117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601161106212, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

钾盐矿采运装备方案优选指标统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案采运能力/(t/d)操控性能/%可靠性/%环境耐受性/%购置投资/万元维护成本/(万元/a)采运成本/(元/t)安全性能/%生产能耗/((kW•h)/t)污染物排放/%
方案13 00089858032 8001 4602.8940.05840
方案23 30095929026 4001 0504.2900.15981
方案33 20096989224 6008205.8800.23290
方案43 40096939223 4009405.6800.22487
), ArticleFig(id=1322164614079562630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601161106212, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Relatively important relationships between preferred indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标采运能力操控性能可靠性环境耐受性购置投资维护成本采运成本安全性能生产能耗污染物排放
采运能力1.00~1.008.20~8.606.80~7.106.30~6.500.53~0.594.70~4.901.40~1.704.10~4.502.20~2.608.80~9.10
操控性能0.11~0.121.00~1.000.56~0.670.27~0.290.10~0.110.23~0.240.12~0.130.21~0.220.17~0.181.30~1.50
可靠性0.14~0.151.50~1.801.00~1.000.53~0.670.13~0.140.40~0.450.15~0.160.28~0.300.22~0.241.80~2.10
环境耐受性0.15~0.163.40~3.701.50~1.901.00~1.000.14~0.150.56~0.670.19~0.200.42~0.500.28~0.302.60~2.90
购置投资1.70~1.909.00~9.307.30~7.706.60~7.001.00~1.005.10~5.502.20~2.604.60~5.002.90~3.309.40~9.70
维护成本0.20~0.214.10~4.402.20~2.501.50~1.800.18~0.201.00~1.000.22~0.240.56~0.670.37~0.423.10~3.40
采运成本0.59~0.717.70~8.106.10~6.604.90~5.400.38~0.454.20~4.501.00~1.003.20~3.601.60~2.008.00~8.40
安全性能0.22~0.244.60~4.803.30~3.602.00~2.400.20~0.221.50~1.800.28~0.311.00~1.000.48~0.635.50~5.90
生产能耗0.38~0.455.50~5.904.20~4.603.30~3.600.30~0.342.40~2.700.50~0.631.60~2.101.00~1.006.60~7.10
污染物排放0.10~0.110.67~0.770.48~0.560.34~0.380.10~0.110.29~0.320.12~0.130.17~0.180.14~0.151.00~1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322164614167643015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601161106212, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

优选指标间相对重要关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标采运能力操控性能可靠性环境耐受性购置投资维护成本采运成本安全性能生产能耗污染物排放
采运能力1.00~1.008.20~8.606.80~7.106.30~6.500.53~0.594.70~4.901.40~1.704.10~4.502.20~2.608.80~9.10
操控性能0.11~0.121.00~1.000.56~0.670.27~0.290.10~0.110.23~0.240.12~0.130.21~0.220.17~0.181.30~1.50
可靠性0.14~0.151.50~1.801.00~1.000.53~0.670.13~0.140.40~0.450.15~0.160.28~0.300.22~0.241.80~2.10
环境耐受性0.15~0.163.40~3.701.50~1.901.00~1.000.14~0.150.56~0.670.19~0.200.42~0.500.28~0.302.60~2.90
购置投资1.70~1.909.00~9.307.30~7.706.60~7.001.00~1.005.10~5.502.20~2.604.60~5.002.90~3.309.40~9.70
维护成本0.20~0.214.10~4.402.20~2.501.50~1.800.18~0.201.00~1.000.22~0.240.56~0.670.37~0.423.10~3.40
采运成本0.59~0.717.70~8.106.10~6.604.90~5.400.38~0.454.20~4.501.00~1.003.20~3.601.60~2.008.00~8.40
安全性能0.22~0.244.60~4.803.30~3.602.00~2.400.20~0.221.50~1.800.28~0.311.00~1.000.48~0.635.50~5.90
生产能耗0.38~0.455.50~5.904.20~4.603.30~3.600.30~0.342.40~2.700.50~0.631.60~2.101.00~1.006.60~7.10
污染物排放0.10~0.110.67~0.770.48~0.560.34~0.380.10~0.110.29~0.320.12~0.130.17~0.180.14~0.151.00~1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322164614251529096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601161106212, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Matrix G- of lower limit values of interval numbers for relatively important relationships of preferred indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标采运能力操控性能可靠性环境耐受性购置投资维护成本采运成本安全性能生产能耗污染物排放
采运能力1.008.206.806.300.534.701.404.102.208.80
操控性能0.111.000.560.270.100.230.120.210.171.30
可靠性0.141.501.000.530.130.400.150.280.221.80
环境耐受性0.153.401.501.000.140.560.190.420.282.60
购置投资1.709.007.306.601.005.102.204.602.909.40
维护成本0.204.102.201.500.181.000.220.560.373.10
采运成本0.597.706.104.900.384.201.003.201.608.00
安全性能0.224.603.302.000.201.500.281.000.485.50
生产能耗0.385.504.203.300.302.400.501.601.006.60
污染物排放0.100.670.480.340.100.290.120.170.141.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322164614331220873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601161106212, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

优选指标相对重要关系区间数下限值矩阵G-

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标采运能力操控性能可靠性环境耐受性购置投资维护成本采运成本安全性能生产能耗污染物排放
采运能力1.008.206.806.300.534.701.404.102.208.80
操控性能0.111.000.560.270.100.230.120.210.171.30
可靠性0.141.501.000.530.130.400.150.280.221.80
环境耐受性0.153.401.501.000.140.560.190.420.282.60
购置投资1.709.007.306.601.005.102.204.602.909.40
维护成本0.204.102.201.500.181.000.220.560.373.10
采运成本0.597.706.104.900.384.201.003.201.608.00
安全性能0.224.603.302.000.201.500.281.000.485.50
生产能耗0.385.504.203.300.302.400.501.601.006.60
污染物排放0.100.670.480.340.100.290.120.170.141.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322164614398329738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601161106212, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Matrix G+ of upper limit values of interval numbers for relatively important relationships of preferred indicators

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指标采运能力操控性能可靠性环境耐受性购置投资维护成本采运成本安全性能生产能耗污染物排放
采运能力1.008.607.106.500.594.901.704.502.609.10
操控性能0.121.000.670.290.110.240.130.220.181.50
可靠性0.151.801.000.670.140.450.160.300.242.10
环境耐受性0.163.701.901.000.150.670.200.500.302.90
购置投资1.909.307.707.001.005.502.605.003.309.70
维护成本0.214.402.501.800.201.000.240.670.423.40
采运成本0.718.106.605.400.454.501.003.602.008.40
安全性能0.244.803.602.400.221.800.311.000.635.90
生产能耗0.455.904.603.600.342.700.632.101.007.10
污染物排放0.110.770.560.380.110.320.130.180.151.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322164614465438603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601161106212, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

优选指标相对重要关系区间数上限值矩阵G+

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指标采运能力操控性能可靠性环境耐受性购置投资维护成本采运成本安全性能生产能耗污染物排放
采运能力1.008.607.106.500.594.901.704.502.609.10
操控性能0.121.000.670.290.110.240.130.220.181.50
可靠性0.151.801.000.670.140.450.160.300.242.10
环境耐受性0.163.701.901.000.150.670.200.500.302.90
购置投资1.909.307.707.001.005.502.605.003.309.70
维护成本0.214.402.501.800.201.000.240.670.423.40
采运成本0.718.106.605.400.454.501.003.602.008.40
安全性能0.244.803.602.400.221.800.311.000.635.90
生产能耗0.455.904.603.600.342.700.632.101.007.10
污染物排放0.110.770.560.380.110.320.130.180.151.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322164614557713292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601161106212, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comprehensive relative subordination degree of mining and transportation equipment schemes in potassium salt mines

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指标与理想最优方案距离与理想最劣方案距离综合相对隶属度
方案10.629 5-0.370 50.257 3
方案20.361 1-0.638 90.757 9
方案30.513 4-0.486 60.473 2
方案40.373 3-0.626 70.738 1
), ArticleFig(id=1322164614629016461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601161106212, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

钾盐矿采运装备方案综合相对隶属度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标与理想最优方案距离与理想最劣方案距离综合相对隶属度
方案10.629 5-0.370 50.257 3
方案20.361 1-0.638 90.757 9
方案30.513 4-0.486 60.473 2
方案40.373 3-0.626 70.738 1
), ArticleFig(id=1322164614696125326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601161106212, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Comparison of industrial test results for two types of mining and Transportation equipment schemes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案设备投资/万元采运能力/(万t/a)采运成本/(元/t)年采运费用/万元安全性能/%污染物排放/%
方案23 3001204.24209081
方案42 9251205.65608087
), ArticleFig(id=1322164614767428495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164601161106212, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

两种采运装备方案工业试验结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案设备投资/万元采运能力/(万t/a)采运成本/(元/t)年采运费用/万元安全性能/%污染物排放/%
方案23 3001204.24209081
方案42 9251205.65608087
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基于区间层次分析和模糊物元分析的钾盐矿采运装备方案优选
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高新 , 周勇 , 魏学谦 , 贺保龙 , 李畅 , 刘洋
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山机电与矿业智能化 2025,45(11): 209-216
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山机电与矿业智能化 2025 , 45 (11) : 209 -216
基于区间层次分析和模糊物元分析的钾盐矿采运装备方案优选
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高新 , 周勇, 魏学谦, 贺保龙, 李畅, 刘洋
作者信息
  • 中蓝长化工程科技有限公司,湖南 长沙 410116
作者简介:

高新(1986—),男,湖北黄冈人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事矿山设计和研究工作。E-mail:

Optimization of Mining and Transportation Equipment Schemes for Potassium Salt Mines Based on Interval Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Matter-Element Analysis
Xin GAO , Yong ZHOU, Xueqian WEI, Baolong HE, Chang LI, Yang LIU
Affiliations
  • Chonfar Engineering and Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410116, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25
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钾盐矿采运装备的合理选择关系到钾盐矿生产能力的实现及开采成本的控制。为了全面科学地优选钾盐矿采运装备方案,采用区间层次分析法构建了优选指标体系,并分析计算优选指标权重。以模糊物元分析法构建了钾盐矿采运装备方案多目标优选模型,对各备选的钾盐矿采运装备方案进行了综合相对优属度的分析计算。结果表明:购置投资、采运能力和采运成本等因素对钾盐矿采运装备方案优选影响较大,而污染物排放、操控性能及可靠性等因素对于钾盐矿采运装备方案优选影响相对较小;连采机+柴油梭车的方案(方案2)综合相对隶属度为4个方案中最高,确定该方案为最优方案;方案2的采运费用、安全性、环保性均优于该矿前期使用方案,且采运成本和污染物排放分别减低了1.4元/t和6个百分点,安全性能提升了10个百分点。研究结果证明了区间层次分析法和模糊物元分析法可以对钾盐矿采运装备方案进行更加科学合理的优选,进而为钾盐企业提高经济效益和综合效益提供参考借鉴。

钾盐矿  /  采运装备  /  装备优选  /  区间层次分析法  /  模糊物元分析法

The reasonable selection of mining and transportation equipment for potassium salt mines is related to the realization of production capacity and the control of mining costs. In order to comprehensively and scientifically optimize mining and transportation equipment scheme for potassium salt mines, the interval analytic hierarchy process was used to construct the optimization index system, and the weights of the optimization indicators were analyzed and calculated. A multi-objective optimization model for mining and transportation equipment schemes in potassium salt mine was constructed using fuzzy matter-element analysis method. The comprehensive relative subordination degree of each alternative scheme of mining and transportation equipment in potassium salt mine was analyzed and calculated. The results show that factors such as purchase investment, mining and transportation capacity, and mining cost have a significant impact on the optimization of mining and transportation equipment schemes for potassium salt mines, while factors such as pollutant emissions, handling performance, and reliability have a relatively small impact on the optimization of mining equipment schemes for potassium salt mines. The scheme of continuous mining machine+diesel shuttle truck (Scheme 2) has the highest comprehensive relative subordination degree among the four schemes, and is determined to be the optimal scheme. The mining and transportation costs, safety, and environmental friendliness of Scheme 2 are superior to the previous usage scheme of the mine, and the mining and transportation costs and pollutant emissions have been reduced by 1.4 yuan/t and 6 percentage points respectively, with a 10 percentage points improvement in safety performance. The research results have demonstrated that the interval analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy matter-element analysis method can provide a more scientific and reasonable selection of mining and transportation equipment schemes for potassium salt mines, thereby providing reference and guidance for potassium salt enterprises to improve their economic and comprehensive benefits.

Potassium salt mine  /  Mining and transportation equipment  /  Equipment optimization  /  Interval analytic hierarchy process  /  Fuzzy matter-element analysis method
高新, 周勇, 魏学谦, 贺保龙, 李畅, 刘洋. 基于区间层次分析和模糊物元分析的钾盐矿采运装备方案优选. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (11) : 209 -216 .
Xin GAO, Yong ZHOU, Xueqian WEI, Baolong HE, Chang LI, Yang LIU. Optimization of Mining and Transportation Equipment Schemes for Potassium Salt Mines Based on Interval Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Matter-Element Analysis[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (11) : 209 -216 .
矿山采装运设备直接关系到矿山生产能力和生产成本,合理的系统配套采装运设备对于矿山生产意义重大。对于钾盐矿而言,由于实现了采装一体化,因此对采装运设备的选型实际为采运装备的选型。现有学者对矿山装备的选型进行了研究。如郑志杰等[1]分析了悬臂式掘进机截齿截割的破岩过程,提出了悬臂式掘进机设备优化选型方法:在满足破岩能力要求的基础上,结合实际工况下的截割效率与生产能力,详细测算悬臂式掘进机采矿作业的技术经济指标,从而实现对悬臂式掘进机的优选。黄永材等[2]在铲运设备选型时充分考虑回采巷道尺寸的影响,以采场最大主应力等5项指标构建铲运设备优选指标体系,对铲运设备进行了模糊优选。敖显军等[3]综合考虑技术、经济、安全和环保等因素,采用层次分析法建立了综合评判优选体系,针对地下矿山铲运机开展了选型优选分析。综合分析发现,现有矿山设备优选研究很少专门针对钾盐矿设备开展,也鲜有对成套的铲装运设备进行系统性优选。近年来,综合评价方法广泛应用于采矿领域当中,主要包括层次分析法(AHP)[4]、博弈论[5]、模糊综合评价法(FM)[6]、人工神经网络[7]、未确知测度理论[8]、灰色关联分析[9]、逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)[10]等,数学分析方法的应用使矿山设备选型更加客观合理且贴近矿山实际。
目前,对于设备优选一般有权重计算和优选分析决策两个部分,其中权重计算有多种方法,AHP法因不受样本限制、具有广泛适用性而成为目前经验最丰富、应用最广的权重计算方法[11]。但是AHP法只能针对确定性关系进行分析,实际上专家对指标间相对关系的判断往往是有差异的,AHP法并不能包容反映专家经验的差异性[12-13]。此外,目前常用的优选方法如模糊优选法、灰色关联法、模糊集对分析法等多目标决策方法都是评价数值越大越优或越小越优的方法,其以绝对数值为分析依据,忽略了指标数值范围对方案优选的客观影响,从而影响了优选结果的准确性和可靠性。
鉴于此,本研究以区间层次分析法(IAHP)联合模糊物元分析法对钾盐矿采运装备方案进行优选研究。区间层次分析法可以包容所有专家对指标相对关系认知的差异,以区间数表征指标间相对关系的波动不确定性,因此得到的权重分析结果更加贴近实际。相对于传统的物元分析法只能对系统决策进行离散型分级,模糊物元分析法可以对系统进行优选决策,且模糊物元分析法既考虑了指标本身的模糊性,又考虑各指标的不相容性,还考虑了指标数值范围对方案优选的影响,是一种相对更加科学的优选决策方法[14],可以对钾盐矿采运装备方案进行更加科学准确的多目标优选决策。
钾盐矿采运装备优选关系到矿山生产的技术、经济、安全和环保等多个方面,每个方面又可能有多个指标进行反映和表征。根据专家经验和相关文献,按照目标层、准则层和执行层构建钾盐矿采运装备方案优选指标体系,其中目标层为钾盐矿采运设备方案优选,准则层为技术、经济、安全和环保等4个方面,而执行层包含设备采运能力等10个指标,优选指标体系见图1。
钾盐矿采运装备方案优选指标体系有常规指标,即对各种矿山采运(或采装运)装备方案优选都适用的指标,如采运能力、操控性能、可靠性等;也有针对钾盐矿的特色优选指标,如环境耐受性等。钾盐矿采运装备方案优选指标有可以直接量化的指标,包括采运能力、购置投资、维护成本、采运成本及生产能耗等;而有些指标难以直接量化,只能通过专家评价予以间接量化,如操控性能、可靠性、环境耐受性、安全性能及污染物排放等指标。
本研究采用不受样本限制且对主观差异信息包容性更强的区间层次分析法对指标权重进行计算[15]。区间层次分析法保留所有专家对指标间相对关系的研究成果,建立区间数判断矩阵,以此计算指标权重[16]。
传统的层次分析法(AHP)以相对重要程度相关等级计算法(1~9标度)为基础,标度为整数且标度相对较粗糙[17]。区间层次分析法提高了标度精度,更加精细地对优选指标权重进行分析计算[18-19]。得到权重分析的区间判断矩阵G为:
式中:,gij为优选指标i相对于优选指标j的相对重要标度;为相对重要标度的下限值;为相对重要标度的上限值;n为优选指标总数。
将矩阵G剥离为两个矩阵:G =[G-,G+],其中:
进而计算区间层次分析法分析权重的两个中间变量λ和β:
当λ≤1且β≥1时,矩阵G通过一致性检验,否则认为其没有通过一致性检验,需要重新构建矩阵G,直至其通过一致性检验[20]。
通过一致性检验后,对矩阵G-求解得到特征向量,对矩阵G+求解得到特征向量,对特征向量W-和W+进行综合处理,综合处理方式如下:
得到钾盐矿采运装备优选指标的权重向量W=[w1,w2,…,wn]。
对第i项指标的第k个方案数值进行归一化处理,消除量纲和数量级差异的影响,将各指标纳入同一尺度进行分析。对于第i项指标的第k个方案数值xik,其归一化处理方式如下[21]:
式中,μik为第i项指标的第k个方案数值归一化处理后的值,也是优属度值。
据此,构建钾盐矿采运装备优选n维模糊物元矩阵U。
式中:Fk为第k个方案;Ci为第i项指标;m为方案总数。
从各指标的各方案优属度值μik中选取最大值μi-max构建理想最优方案Fmax=(μ1-max,μ2-max,…,μn-max),选取最小值μi-min构建理想最劣方案Fmin=(μ1-min,μ2-min,…,μn-min)。得到钾盐矿采运装备方案优选的目标物元矩阵V。
式中:
钾盐矿采运装备方案k与理想最优方案的距离Dk-max和其与理想最劣方案的距离Dk-min为:
方案k的综合相对隶属度rk为:
以综合相对隶属度最大原则确定最优方案:
钾盐矿采运装备方案优选流程见图2。
老挝某钾盐矿位于东南亚中生代钾盐巨型成矿带上,钾盐矿资源以光卤石为主,局部钾石盐发育。钾盐矿厚度为数米至百米范围,平均厚度达几十米。矿体形态简单,埋深较大,厚度变化明显。矿石品位中等,类型单一,矿石抗压强度为11~15 MPa,矿石较软。根据矿体条件,该钾盐矿储量规模约8.2亿t,原矿开采量约800万t/a,采用条带房柱采矿胶结充填采矿法,配有采矿设备、装运设备作为矿石采运工具。考虑设备的相互配合协调,共设计了4种矿石采运装备方案:方案1,连采机+电动梭车;方案2,连采机+柴油梭车;方案3,掘采机+装载机;方案4,掘采机+运矿卡车。
经分析统计,各钾盐矿采运装备方案指标值见表1。
邀请多位专家对钾盐矿采运装备方案优选指标相对重要关系进行标度,得到钾盐矿采运装备方案优选指标的区间数形式的相对重要关系,见表2。表2构成了钾盐矿采运装备方案优选的区间判断矩阵G,对其进行一致性检验,得到λ为0.97,β为1.02,矩阵G通过一致性检验,矩阵G构建合理。将矩阵G分解为下限值矩阵G-和上限值矩阵G+,分别见表3和表4。
求解得到G-的特征向量W-为(0.216 6,0.018 9,0.027 0,0.039 1,0.278 2,0.052 4,0.170 4,0.071 8,0.108 4,0.017 2);得到G+的特征向量W+为(0.213 8,0.018 6,0.027 2,0.039 3,0.275 4,0.052 6,0.171 9,0.072 7,0.111 4,0.017 1)。最终根据式(4)计算得到钾盐矿采运装备方案优选指标权重W为(0.215 2,0.018 7,0.027 1,0.039 2,0.276 8,0.052 5,0.171 2,0.072 3,0.109 9,0.017 1)。
由权重数值大小排序可知,对于钾盐矿采运装备方案优选指标,其重要性由重要到次要排序为:购置投资、采运能力、采运成本、生产能耗、安全性能、维护成本、环境耐受性、可靠性、操控性能、污染物排放。
对表1中的各个指标按照式(5)进行归一化处理,其中采运能力、操控性能、可靠性、环境耐受性及安全性能等为值越大方案越优指标;购置投资、维护成本、采运成本、生产能耗及污染物排放等为值越小方案越优指标,归一化处理后的钾盐矿采运装备优选10维模糊物元矩阵U如下:
根据式(8)、式(9)得到钾盐矿采运装备方案优选的目标物元矩阵V为:
按照式(10)和式(11),计算得到各钾盐矿采运装备方案与理想最优方案和理想最劣方案的距离,进而计算各钾盐矿采运装备方案的综合相对隶属度,结果见表5。
对各钾盐矿采运装备方案的综合相对隶属度进行排序,可知各备选方案的优劣排序为:方案2>方案4>方案3>方案1。而根据式(13)的最大隶属度原则,确定综合相对隶属度最大的方案2为本钾盐矿采运装备的最优方案,即连采机+柴油梭车为本钾盐矿采运装备的选择方案。
该矿在前期设计中仅考虑了前期投资及维修成本因素进行设备的选型,因此选择了方案4,即采用前期投资较小的掘采机+运矿卡车的采运装备方案,而通过区间层次分析法和模糊物元分析法计算得出的最佳采运装备方案为方案2,即连采机+柴油梭车。为进一步论证该采运装备方案的可靠性,该矿山在井下9#采场针对两种方案开展了矿体回采工业试验,其中9#采场年产能100万t,试验结果见表6。由表6可以看出,方案4虽然前期投资较少,但方案2的采运成本和污染物排放较方案4分别降低了1.4元/t和6个百分点,安全性能提升了10个百分点,且方案2采运费用控制、安全性、环保性均优于方案4,利于项目的可持续性发展。因此利用区间层次分析法和模糊物元分析法进行装备比选更加全面,更具有优越性。
(1)针对钾盐矿采运装备方案,从技术、经济、安全和环保等4项准则层方面优选出执行层10个指标,构成钾盐矿采运装备方案优选指标体系,并以此为基础对钾盐矿采运装备方案进行了多目标决策优选。实例证明:该优选指标体系能够对对各钾盐矿采运装备方案多个目标维度的优劣进行综合分析,进而为钾盐矿企业进行采运装备方案优选提供科学指导和坚实依据。
(2)以区间层次分析法包容专家们对钾盐矿采运装备方案优选指标间相对重要程度的认知差异,构建了包含所有专家对优选指标间相对重要性分析结果的区间判断矩阵,进而分析得到钾盐矿采运装备优选指标的权重,权重分析结果表明:购置投资、采运能力和采运成本等因素对于钾盐矿采运装备方案优选影响较大,而污染物排放、操控性能及可靠性等因素对于钾盐矿采运装备方案优选影响相对较小。
(3)以模糊物元分析法构建钾盐矿采运装备方案优选模型,将传统物元分析法对各等级的离散型分析变为隶属度分析的连续性分析,进而更加方便准确地对多目标决策系统进行了方案优选。对某钾盐矿采运装备的4个备选方案进行优选,得到连采机+柴油梭车的采运方案(方案2)综合相对隶属度为0.757 9,为4个方案中最大值,故方案2为该钾盐矿采运装备最优方案。经过工业试验可知,优选出的连采机+柴油梭车方案在采运费用控制、安全性、环保性等方面均优于该矿前期使用的方案,且该方案采运成本和污染物排放分别降低了1.4元/t和6个百分点,安全性能提升了10个百分点,表明项目的运行成本降低,环保性更高。实例证明模糊物元分析法可以为钾盐矿企业进行采运装备方案的多目标优选决策提供准确的分析和指导。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2904001)
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2025年第45卷第11期
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  • 接收时间:2024-11-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-14
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国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2904001)
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    中蓝长化工程科技有限公司,湖南 长沙 410116
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