Article(id=1322164578163740910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735488000000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793158200064, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793158200064, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793158200064, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793158200064, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322164546295410919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793158192465, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158905697, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322167537857573862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322167537861768167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=21, endPage=28, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322164578646085871, articleId=1322164578163740910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Multi-Scale Damage Effects of Gneiss Under Deep and High-Temperature Environment, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the damage effect of fractured rock masses in deep geothermal high-temperature environment, gneiss was taken as the research object, and micro CT scanning was carried out to obtain the micro-fracture evolution characteristics of rocks under geothermal high-temperature action. Combined with three-dimensional seepage simulation and uniaxial compression test, the permeability performance and strength degradation law were analyzed. The results indicate that geothermal high-temperature effects can cause structural damage to rock masses. As the heat treatment temperature increases from 25 ℃ (untreated) to 800 ℃, the quality loss rate of gneiss specimens rises from 0.181% to 1.767%, the strength decay rate reaches 34.81%, and the surface porosity increases from 1.74% to 6.28%. As the heat treatment temperature increases, the porosity of gneiss specimens gradually rises, and the non-uniformity of pore distribution intensifies. The non-connected pores within the rock continuously expand and interconnect, while the volume proportion of connected fractures significantly increases. The formation, propagation, and interconnection of thermal fracture surfaces caused by thermal damage effects adversely impact the impermeability and load-bearing performance of gneiss specimens. Given the multi-scale damage effect caused by geothermal high-temperature environment on deep rock masses, effective fracture sealing measures must be implemented in practical engineering to ensure the safe operation of deep mining.

, authors=Qihui MAO1, Wei ZHAO1, Dajun FAN1, Jun CHEN1, Huan XU2, authorsList=Qihui MAO, Wei ZHAO, Dajun FAN, Jun CHEN, Huan XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322164586627846412, articleId=1322164578163740910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=深地高温环境下片麻岩多尺度损伤效应的试验研究, columnId=1226462294582936453, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=深部、深海矿产资源勘探与开发, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究裂隙岩体在深部地热高温环境下的损伤效应,以片麻岩为研究对象,开展微米CT扫描获取地热高温作用下的岩石微观裂隙演化特征,结合三维渗流模拟和单轴压缩试验分析其渗透性能和强度劣化规律。结果表明:地热高温作用会导致岩体结构损伤,随着热处理温度从25 ℃(未经热处理)升至800 ℃,片麻岩试件的质量损失率由0.181%增加至1.767%,强度衰减率达到34.81%,面孔隙率由1.74%增加至6.28%;随着热处理温度提升,片麻岩试件面孔隙率逐渐提高,且孔隙分布的不均匀性也增强,岩石内部非连通孔隙不断扩张和贯通,连通裂隙的体积占比大幅增加;热损伤效应引起的热破裂面的形成、扩展和连通会对片麻岩试件的抗渗性能和承载性能造成不利影响。鉴于地热高温环境对深部岩体造成的多尺度损伤效应,实际工程中须采取有效的裂隙封堵措施,以保障深部采矿的安全作业。

, authors=茅奇辉1, 赵伟1, 范大军1, 陈军1, 徐焕2, authorsList=茅奇辉, 赵伟, 范大军, 陈军, 徐焕, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

茅奇辉(1981—),男,浙江慈溪人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事岩土工程勘察设计。E-mail:

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茅奇辉(1981—),男,浙江慈溪人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事岩土工程勘察设计。E-mail:

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茅奇辉(1981—),男,浙江慈溪人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事岩土工程勘察设计。E-mail:

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The porosity statistics of gneiss specimens under different heat treatment conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
热处理温度/℃平均面孔隙率/%面孔隙率方差/%体孔隙率/%
25(未经热处理)1.749.011.87
2002.9017.132.81
4004.5425.683.75
6005.8331.235.52
8006.2840.926.78
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不同热处理条件下片麻岩试件的孔隙率统计

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热处理温度/℃平均面孔隙率/%面孔隙率方差/%体孔隙率/%
25(未经热处理)1.749.011.87
2002.9017.132.81
4004.5425.683.75
6005.8331.235.52
8006.2840.926.78
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深地高温环境下片麻岩多尺度损伤效应的试验研究
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茅奇辉 1 , 赵伟 1 , 范大军 1 , 陈军 1 , 徐焕 2
矿业研究与开发 | 深部、深海矿产资源勘探与开发 2025,45(11): 21-28
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矿业研究与开发 |深部、深海矿产资源勘探与开发 2025 , 45 (11) : 21 -28
深地高温环境下片麻岩多尺度损伤效应的试验研究
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茅奇辉1 , 赵伟1, 范大军1, 陈军1, 徐焕2
作者信息
  • 1.浙江省地矿勘察院有限公司,浙江 杭州 310012
  • 2.中南大学 冶金与环境学院,湖南 长沙 410083
作者简介:

茅奇辉(1981—),男,浙江慈溪人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事岩土工程勘察设计。E-mail:

Experimental Study on Multi-Scale Damage Effects of Gneiss Under Deep and High-Temperature Environment
Qihui MAO1 , Wei ZHAO1, Dajun FAN1, Jun CHEN1, Huan XU2
Affiliations
  • 1.Zhejiang Geology and Mineral Exploration Institute Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
  • 2.School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25
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为探究裂隙岩体在深部地热高温环境下的损伤效应,以片麻岩为研究对象,开展微米CT扫描获取地热高温作用下的岩石微观裂隙演化特征,结合三维渗流模拟和单轴压缩试验分析其渗透性能和强度劣化规律。结果表明:地热高温作用会导致岩体结构损伤,随着热处理温度从25 ℃(未经热处理)升至800 ℃,片麻岩试件的质量损失率由0.181%增加至1.767%,强度衰减率达到34.81%,面孔隙率由1.74%增加至6.28%;随着热处理温度提升,片麻岩试件面孔隙率逐渐提高,且孔隙分布的不均匀性也增强,岩石内部非连通孔隙不断扩张和贯通,连通裂隙的体积占比大幅增加;热损伤效应引起的热破裂面的形成、扩展和连通会对片麻岩试件的抗渗性能和承载性能造成不利影响。鉴于地热高温环境对深部岩体造成的多尺度损伤效应,实际工程中须采取有效的裂隙封堵措施,以保障深部采矿的安全作业。

深地环境  /  片麻岩  /  地热高温  /  损伤效应  /  岩体裂隙

To investigate the damage effect of fractured rock masses in deep geothermal high-temperature environment, gneiss was taken as the research object, and micro CT scanning was carried out to obtain the micro-fracture evolution characteristics of rocks under geothermal high-temperature action. Combined with three-dimensional seepage simulation and uniaxial compression test, the permeability performance and strength degradation law were analyzed. The results indicate that geothermal high-temperature effects can cause structural damage to rock masses. As the heat treatment temperature increases from 25 ℃ (untreated) to 800 ℃, the quality loss rate of gneiss specimens rises from 0.181% to 1.767%, the strength decay rate reaches 34.81%, and the surface porosity increases from 1.74% to 6.28%. As the heat treatment temperature increases, the porosity of gneiss specimens gradually rises, and the non-uniformity of pore distribution intensifies. The non-connected pores within the rock continuously expand and interconnect, while the volume proportion of connected fractures significantly increases. The formation, propagation, and interconnection of thermal fracture surfaces caused by thermal damage effects adversely impact the impermeability and load-bearing performance of gneiss specimens. Given the multi-scale damage effect caused by geothermal high-temperature environment on deep rock masses, effective fracture sealing measures must be implemented in practical engineering to ensure the safe operation of deep mining.

Deep earth environment  /  Gneiss  /  Geothermal high-temperature  /  Damage effect  /  Rock fracture
茅奇辉, 赵伟, 范大军, 陈军, 徐焕. 深地高温环境下片麻岩多尺度损伤效应的试验研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (11) : 21 -28 .
Qihui MAO, Wei ZHAO, Dajun FAN, Jun CHEN, Huan XU. Experimental Study on Multi-Scale Damage Effects of Gneiss Under Deep and High-Temperature Environment[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (11) : 21 -28 .
岩体工程在国家基础建设中广泛存在,且与社会发展及国民经济紧密相连,而深部采矿工程的建设和规划也与岩石力学特性密切相关[1]。裂隙岩石是自然界中最常见的非均质脆性材料之一,由于历经亿万年的地质作用,自然岩体内部存在众多不连续面,例如节理、裂隙以及软弱夹层等[2],其力学特性也容易受到热力、水力和应力等外界因素的影响。在深部矿产资源开采[3]、地热资源开采[4]、煤炭地下气化[5]以及高放射性物质储存库建设[6]等深地工程建设日渐增多的背景下,深地工程建设与防护中所涉及的裂隙岩体问题已成为国内外学者的研究热点。
随着开采深度的增加,地热高温成为影响岩石基本力学特性的重要因素之一。学者们在高温岩石力学、岩石流变以及岩石断裂力学等领域均开展了一系列的研究,为相关研究提供了良好的理论基础与试验参考[7]。大量实际工程现象表明,地热高温环境会对岩体造成严重的结构损伤,必须引起高度重视。目前,裂隙岩体在高温作用下的力学特性已被广泛关注。查文华等[8]对高温处理后和800 ℃实时高温下的煤系砂岩样品进行了单轴压缩试验,发现岩石的峰值应力、弹性模量和延性指标均随加热时间延长而显著下降。郤保平等[9]对青海共和盆地的花岗岩开展高温三轴剪切试验,发现温度范围为25~300 ℃时,温度上升导致岩石抗剪强度显著下降。WU等[10]对高温处理后的裂隙性岩石开展单轴压缩测试,对比了不同冷却条件下的岩石力学行为,发现热处理和水冷却过程会导致岩石强度和弹性模量下降,破坏应变上升。KUMARI等[11]利用实时高温真三轴剪切系统测试400 ℃条件下砂岩的强度衰减规律,发现水平应力和实时高温对岩石结构损伤具有耦合效应。尽管目前关于裂隙岩体在高温环境中的宏观力学特性损伤效应的研究已取得一定成果[12-14],但深部地热高温环境下裂隙岩石的热破裂规律及其微观结构损伤机制尚未明确,对于高温环境下岩石渗透性劣化规律仍缺乏深入研究。
随着岩土微观测试手段的不断进步,越来越多的高精度探测手段也被成功应用于岩石裂隙的研究中,如声发射、核磁共振、原子力显微镜扫描、微米CT扫描和数字散斑技术等[15-18],新技术的应用使岩石缺陷研究尺度得以逐步由宏观向微观方向发展[19]。微米CT扫描在岩石结构损伤分析中得到了广泛应用,该技术可直观展现和重构岩石内部的三维破裂面形态,加之图像分析软件对裂隙分布进行量化表征,从而揭示了岩石宏观破裂现象的细观动因。
本研究以深部采矿中常见的片麻岩为研究对象,对片麻岩试件进行不同地热高温条件下的热处理,结合强度测试、微米CT扫描、渗流模拟和扫描电镜结果,揭示不同尺度下岩石结构的损伤演化规律,深入剖析地热高温对岩石物理力学性质的作用机理。研究结果旨在为深部采矿作业提供技术指导,以应对地热高温条件下深部岩石工程建设的挑战。
本研究采用的片麻岩外观呈麻灰色,晶体颗粒排列致密,岩石内部存在大量微裂隙。片麻岩的主要矿物成分为石英(66.6%)、斜长石(15.9%)、钠长石(11.8%)和黑云母(5.7%)。通过岩石基本物理性质测试,得到片麻岩的平均干密度为2.78 g/cm3,纵波波速范围为3 890.2~4 437.3 m/s,平均波速为4 014.8 m/s。根据工程岩体试验方法制备标准岩样,对取回的块状岩样进行钻芯、切割和打磨,得到直径为50 mm、高100 mm的圆柱试样,并依据各试件波速剔除异常岩样。
采用电阻式高温加热炉对制备好的片麻岩试件进行高温处理,升温速率为5 ℃/min,热处理温度范围为25(室温,未经热处理)~800 ℃。待升至预定温度后,将岩样放置在温度箱中保持12 h以保障岩石受热均匀,加热结束后,将试件在自然温度下冷却12 h再开展后续试验。
为获得片麻岩的微观结构信息,采用Micron CT测试系统对片麻岩试件进行结构观测,所得图像的分辨率约为35.2 μm。通过对CT扫描获取的切片进行滤波、降噪、裁剪和二值化处理,提取岩石内部孔隙的量化信息。同时,将切片导入图像重构软件,获取孔隙的三维模型。
为进一步调查岩体在深部高温环境下的力学损伤效应,试验采用数显式压力试验机开展了片麻岩的单轴抗压强度试验,绘制片麻岩的应力应变曲线。
采用TESCAN型扫描电子显微镜对片麻岩微观结构进行扫描识别,由于岩石不具有导电性,可对喷金后的岩石断面进行扫描,获得不同放大倍数下的微观形态。
不同热处理条件下片麻岩试件的质量损失率如图1所示。图1中加热2~12 h指在恒定温度下的保温时长为2~12 h。在热处理工艺中,不同加热时长直接决定了片麻岩的最终性能差异,是评价岩石热损伤程度的重要措施。由图1可知,在初始状态下(25 ℃),片麻岩试件的外表面较为平滑,没有观察到明显的孔洞;经过热处理作用后,试件表面的颜色随着温度升高逐渐由深灰色变为浅灰色(颜色标识见电子版),且伴随少量颗粒脱落;在600 ℃以上的高温作用下,片麻岩试件表面出现孔洞、缺陷,颜色也明显由深变浅。上述现象表明,高温作用会使岩石内部的水分蒸发,矿物晶体发生碳化,导致岩石质量损失。
在高温作用过程中对片麻岩试件进行称重,根据式(1)计算岩石的质量损失率,分析高温对岩石整体性的影响。片麻岩试件在热处理25 ℃、200 ℃、400 ℃、600 ℃和800 ℃条件下,经12 h加热作用后的岩石质量损失率分别为0.181%、0.419%、1.120%、1.641%和1.767%。随着加热时间的增加,片麻岩试件质量损失率呈现先快后慢的变化趋势。其原因是在加热0~8 h期间,试件中自由水蒸发殆尽,且晶体的各向异性膨胀导致颗粒剥落;在加热8h后,岩石内部的矿物成分趋于稳定,少量结合水蒸发,质量损失率变化逐渐平缓。
式中:φT为热处理温度为T时岩石试件的质量损失率;m0、mT分别为室温和热处理温度为T时岩石试件的质量。
图2为不同热处理条件下片麻岩试件的单轴抗压强度试验结果。由图2可知,未经热处理的片麻岩试件的单轴抗压强度达到78.77 MPa,随着热处理温度升高,岩石抗压强度逐渐减小。经过800 ℃热处理作用后,片麻岩的抗压强度降低至51.35 MPa,强度衰减率达到34.81%。
片麻岩试件的质量和强度变化规律表明,地热高温作用会导致岩体结构损伤,对其宏观力学行为产生不利影响。值得注意的是,已有研究指出,在较低的温度范围内(低于100 ℃),温度升高会使岩体的裂隙水蒸发并促进胶结材料进一步发生水化作用,进而提高岩石强度;然而,当温度达到一定水平(超过200 ℃)时,岩石孔隙结构随着温度的升高发生明显改变,裂缝的形成以及水合物的逐渐分解会对裂隙岩体的最终强度产生负面影响[17]。因此,在深部采矿工程中,应考虑温度效应对围岩承载和变形性能的影响,通过优化设计并及时加强围岩支护,确保结构的耐久性与安全性。
根据CT扫描得到片麻岩试件的灰度扫描切片,结果如图3所示。以试件中部的典型扫描切片为例,可以看出片麻岩试件孔隙在温度升高过程中的变化具有明显的不均匀性。对于未经热处理作用的片麻岩试件,其内部颗粒的排列较为紧凑;当热处理温度为200 ℃时,试件内部开始出现微裂隙;当热处理温度为400 ℃时,试件内部裂隙数量和长度明显增加;当热处理温度为600 ℃时,试件的裂隙数量、长度和宽度显著提高,裂隙连通度增加;当热处理温度为800 ℃时,裂隙的长度和宽度持续增大,且孔隙分布的复杂程度进一步提高。
针对片麻岩试件的二维裂隙分布展开定量分析,借助二值化处理技术提取不同高度位置的岩石面孔隙率,其结果如图4所示。由图4可知,片麻岩的面孔隙率随热处理温度的升高而逐渐增加。统计不同热处理条件下片麻岩试件的孔隙数据,结果见表1。由表1可以看出,随着热处理温度的升高,片麻岩中裂隙的含量不断升高,试件整体的平均面孔隙率由1.74%增至6.28%。试件面孔隙率统计方差显示,随着热处理温度的增加,试件内部孔隙分布的不均匀性和各向异性程度大幅提高。
通过对CT扫描切片进行堆叠和重构,构建片麻岩试件的三维孔隙模型,如图5所示。通过裂隙尺寸特征参数定量划分孔隙类别,将岩石中的孔隙划分为连通裂隙和非连通孔隙[20]。经分析,随着热处理温度的升高,非连通孔隙的占比逐渐减小,连通裂隙占比不断攀升,说明高温会使小体积孔隙逐渐融合和连接,形成连通的长裂隙。未经热处理时,片麻岩试件的大多数孔隙没有发生连通;随着热处理温度升高,结构的热损失效应逐渐累积,连通裂隙所占的体积含量快速增加。在800 ℃热处理条件下,热破裂面形成由内向外延伸的态势,结构的热损伤效应显著。不同热处理条件下片麻岩试件的孔隙体积分布情况如图6所示。由图6可以看出,片麻岩的总体孔隙率和连通孔隙率随热处理温度的升高始终呈增长趋势,而非连通孔隙率呈下降趋势。该现象表明,在高温作用下,裂隙发生扩张和连通,从而引起孔隙总体积增长,而非连通孔隙的数量则在孔隙合并过程中减少。当热处理温度为25 ℃、200 ℃、400 ℃、600 ℃和800 ℃时,试件的总体孔隙率分别为1.87%、2.81%、3.75%、5.52%和6.78%,其中连通裂隙的体积占比分别为39.1%、53.3%、63.7%、75.1%和82.3%。孔隙体积变化规律表明,在高温作用下,岩石的微观结构随热处理温度的升高发生渐进性的破坏,且破坏程度不断叠加,热破裂面的形成、扩展和连通是片麻岩试件发生结构损伤和失稳破坏的内在原因[21]。
基于上述研究,研究提取了片麻岩试件的三维孔隙模型,并采用格子玻尔兹曼方法对岩体进行了多通道渗流模拟,通过模拟试件内部流体的分布和运动确定岩体的渗透系数。试验采用常温下的标准湍流,渗流模拟控制方程[22]见式(2)。
式中:ρ为流体密度,kg/m3;t为时间,s;u为流速矢量,m/s;μ为流体黏度系数,Pa•s,20 ℃时为1.008 7×10-3 Pa•s;σ为应力张量,Pa;e为内能,J/kg;q为热流密度,W/m2;∇为拉普拉斯算子。
在式(2)的基础上对渗流模型出入口边界的水流速度进行积分,得到试件的体积流量,并根据Darcy定律得到渗透系数K:
式中:Q为体积流量,m3/s;L为渗流试样长度,m;A为流动截面积,m2;ΔP为进出口流体压力差,kPa;γw为水的容重,kg/m3。
将片麻岩试件的三维孔隙模型用于渗流计算,得到不同热处理条件下片麻岩试件的流线模型,如图7所示。图7中流线的疏密程度与渗透率呈正相关,流线颜色与流体压力有关(颜色由红色变为蓝色代表压力逐渐降低,颜色标识见电子版)。由图7可知,随着片麻岩试件连通裂隙数量的增加(即随着热处理温度的升高),流线的颜色未出现显著变化,但流线的分布密度明显提高。在热处理温度达到600℃以上时,试件中形成了贯通的流线轨迹,说明此时试件的渗透性能显著提高。
本研究在三维孔隙模型不同位置处截取了多个立方体模型,并多次重复计算了片麻岩试件的绝对渗透率,得到不同热处理条件下片麻岩试件的绝对渗透率与体孔隙率的关系,如图8所示。由图8可知,片麻岩试件的体孔隙率和绝对渗透率具有明显的线性相关性。与未经热处理的试件相比,经历800 ℃的高温作用后,片麻岩试件的绝对渗透率增幅约为135%。
对岩石试件断口形貌特征进行SEM分析,获取不同热处理条件下片麻岩试件的微观结构损伤特征,如图9所示。由图9可知,在初始状态下,片麻岩试件内部微裂纹分布不均匀,微裂纹之间连通性差;200 ℃热处理会导致岩石内部自由水蒸发,矿物晶体产生热膨胀效应,微裂纹和孔洞数量增加,热裂纹处于闭合状态;400 ℃热处理会导致试件中黑云母矿物脱水,晶体发生热膨胀,软弱胶结面处出现连通裂隙;经600 ℃热处理后,片麻岩试件结合水挥发、晶体膨胀,云母和长石矿物发生热分解,矿物晶体内部出现连通裂纹。结果表明,当热处理温度超过600 ℃时,片麻岩试件热裂纹处于明显的张开状态,且裂纹的张开尺度随热处理温度的升高而增加。
基于宏、微观试验结果,本研究揭示了片麻岩在地热高温环境中动态热破裂的多尺度效应,以及该过程对岩体稳定性的显著影响。具体而言,高温作用会促使岩体内部裂隙迅速扩张并相互贯通,形成大体积的贯通裂隙,直接削弱岩石的抗渗透性能和整体强度。这些裂隙也将成为地下水渗漏发生的主要区域,进一步加剧了工程风险。
鉴于地热高温环境对岩石造成的不利影响,需及时采取有效的裂隙封堵措施[24]。具体操作如下:
(1)加强超前地质预报和超前水平钻探,预先判断掌子面前方的地温与富水状况;
(2)采用二次注浆封孔技术,通过构建注浆帷幕填充裂隙,恢复裂隙岩体的整体性,提升工程稳定性;
(3)对于严重受损的区域,采用凿除后重新浇筑的修复手段,确保结构的完整性和安全性;
(4)对于岩体表面细浅裂隙,尽管其对裂隙岩体的整体稳定性影响较小,但仍为地下水渗漏的潜在通道,可采用表面涂抹和表面贴补法进行局部修复。
上述岩体修复方法操作简单、成本较低,能够显著提升岩体表面的抗渗性能,降低深部采矿过程中巷道突水突泥、矿井涌水及围岩冒顶等工程事故风险[23]。工程现场实况如图10所示,经过综合加强地质钻探、二次注浆封堵和围岩支护等措施后,深部巷道在施工过程中未发生坍塌失稳灾害,验证了本文所提的地热高温防控措施的安全性与可靠性。
此外,未来的研究应该继续探索适用于更复杂、极端深部地质条件的新型修复技术和材料,例如,开发具有耐高温和渗透性强的水泥基注浆材料,或探索可实现岩体裂隙自适应修复的新型注浆工艺。这些研究不仅有助于提升深部岩体的稳定性与安全性,也将推动深部采矿工程领域的技术进步与可持续性发展。
(1)地热高温作用会导致岩体结构损伤,从而对其宏观力学行为产生不利影响。随着热处理温度的增加,片麻岩试件的质量损失率逐渐增加,单轴抗压强度逐渐降低。与未经热处理试件相比,在800 ℃高温作用下,片麻岩试件的质量损失率为1.767%,强度衰减率为34.81%。
(2)基于CT扫描切面构建片麻岩试件的三维孔隙模型,探究细观裂隙在高温作用下的动态演化过程。结果表明,随着热处理温度提升,面孔隙率逐渐提高,孔隙分布的不均匀性增强,岩石内部非连通孔隙不断扩张和贯通,在600 ℃以上高温作用下形成了明显的热破裂面。热破裂面的形成、扩展和连通是片麻岩试件发生结构损伤和失稳破坏的内在原因。
(3)随着热处理温度提高,片麻岩渗流模型中流线的分布密度明显提高,绝对渗透率大幅提升。与未经热处理的试件相比,经历800 ℃的高温作用后,片麻岩试件的绝对渗透率的增幅约为135%,且片麻岩试件的体孔隙率和绝对渗透率具有明显的线性相关性。
(4)地热高温环境对片麻岩造成了多尺度的损伤效应,在深部采矿工程实践中,应对深部岩石的裂隙采取二次注浆封孔或表面贴补法等措施。此外,新型修复技术和材料的开发可为深部采矿领域的技术进步和可持续发展提供新动力。
  • 浙江省交通厅计划项目(2021050)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52178443)
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2025年第45卷第11期
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  • 接收时间:2024-12-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-30
基金
浙江省交通厅计划项目(2021050)
国家自然科学基金项目(52178443)
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    1.浙江省地矿勘察院有限公司,浙江 杭州 310012
    2.中南大学 冶金与环境学院,湖南 长沙 410083
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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