Article(id=1322164577542980239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734537600000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793158199915, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793158199915, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793158199915, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793158199915, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322164546295410919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793158192465, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158905697, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322167537857573862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322167537861768167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=141, endPage=150, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322164577740112528, articleId=1322164577542980239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Prediction of Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Rocks Based on Multi Algorithm Comparison, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Reasonably and effectively determining the uniaxial compressive strength of rocks is of great significance for ensuring the safety of mining rock engineering. Based on two groups of rock uniaxial compressive strength datasets including longitudinal wave velocity, Schmidt hammer rebound value, point load strength, Schmidt hardness, and other indirect indicators, four combination algorithms including PSO-BP, PSO-LSTM, CNN-LSTM, and PSO-BILSTM, were selected. And the optimal rock uniaxial compressive strength prediction algorithm was comprehensively evaluated through 7 evaluation indicators. The results show that the PSO-LSTM algorithm fits well with the predicted values and actual values on two datasets, and all evaluation indicators are high. Based on the metric scoring method to quantitatively analyze the predictive performance of various algorithms, PSO-LSTM can achieve a total high score of 27 and 21 on Dataset 1 and Dataset 2, respectively, demonstrating the highest prediction accuracy. The analysis of input parameter correlation shows that the point load strength has the greatest impact on the prediction of uniaxial compressive strength in Dataset 1, with a correlation degree of 0.735 5. The tensile strength has the greatest impact on the prediction of uniaxial compressive strength in Dataset 2, with a correlation coefficient of 0.829 2. Meanwhile, the predictive performance of each algorithm in Dataset 2 is better, indicating that using input parameters with high correlation with uniaxial compressive strength can effectively improve the predictive performance. The research results can provide a reference for determining the uniaxial compressive strength of rocks.

, authors=Yajuan WU1, 2, Dexin HUANG1, 2, Tao WEN1, 2, 3, Wenjun JIA1, 2, authorsList=Yajuan WU, Dexin HUANG, Tao WEN, Wenjun JIA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tao WEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322164586502013623, articleId=1322164577542980239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=基于多算法对比的岩石单轴抗压强度预测, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

合理有效地确定岩石单轴抗压强度对保障矿山岩体工程安全意义重大。基于两组包括纵波波速、施密特锤回弹值、点荷载强度、施密特硬度等间接指标的岩石单轴抗压强度数据集,选取PSO-BP、PSO-LSTM、CNN-LSTM、PSO-BILSTM四种组合算法,通过7种评价指标综合评价最优的岩石单轴抗压强度预测算法。结果表明:PSO-LSTM算法在两组数据集上的预测值与实际值拟合较好,各评价指标均较高;基于指标评分法量化分析各算法的预测性能,PSO-LSTM在数据集一和数据集二上分别获得27分和21分的总高分,具有最高的预测精度。输入参数关联度分析显示,数据集一中点载荷强度对单轴抗压强度预测结果影响最大,关联度为0.735 5;数据集二中抗拉强度对单轴抗压强度预测结果影响最大,关联度为0.829 2。同时,各算法在数据集二上的预测效果更好,表明采用与单轴抗压强度关联度高的输入参数能够有效提高预测效果。研究成果可为岩石单轴抗压强度的确定提供参考。

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吴亚娟(1979—),女,安徽亳州人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为工程地质力学。E-mail:

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温韬(1990—),男,江西宜春人,博士,教授,主要从事工程地质力学方面的研究工作。E-mail:
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Evaluation indicators for the predicted results of each algorithm on dataset 1

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算法R2ERMSEMAVAF/%WESMAPEMAP/%
CNN-LSTM0.78321.85317.80163.940.928 60.16817.79
PSO-LSTM0.82819.45315.51275.290.947 10.14415.14
PSO-BP0.80920.55716.10671.660.939 00.14614.80
PSO-BILSTM0.77522.29718.29854.830.919 30.16917.77
), ArticleFig(id=1322164594626380539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164577542980239, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各算法在数据集一上的预测结果评价指标

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算法R2ERMSEMAVAF/%WESMAPEMAP/%
CNN-LSTM0.78321.85317.80163.940.928 60.16817.79
PSO-LSTM0.82819.45315.51275.290.947 10.14415.14
PSO-BP0.80920.55716.10671.660.939 00.14614.80
PSO-BILSTM0.77522.29718.29854.830.919 30.16917.77
), ArticleFig(id=1322164594714460924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164577542980239, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Evaluation indicators for the predicted results of each algorithm on dataset 2

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
算法R2ERMSEMAVAF/%WESMAPEMAP/%
CNN-LSTM0.9668.5955.80696.870.991 60.12512.18
PSO-LSTM0.9747.4526.03897.460.993 50.17917.21
PSO-BP0.9688.2697.14397.190.992 40.15715.68
PSO-BILSTM0.9638.9146.94096.600.990 90.15916.11
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各算法在数据集二上的预测结果评价指标

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算法R2ERMSEMAVAF/%WESMAPEMAP/%
CNN-LSTM0.9668.5955.80696.870.991 60.12512.18
PSO-LSTM0.9747.4526.03897.460.993 50.17917.21
PSO-BP0.9688.2697.14397.190.992 40.15715.68
PSO-BILSTM0.9638.9146.94096.600.990 90.15916.11
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基于多算法对比的岩石单轴抗压强度预测
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吴亚娟 1, 2 , 黄德昕 1, 2 , 温韬 1, 2, 3 , 贾文君 1, 2
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(11): 141-150
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (11) : 141 -150
基于多算法对比的岩石单轴抗压强度预测
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吴亚娟1, 2 , 黄德昕1, 2, 温韬1, 2, 3 , 贾文君1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.长江大学 地球科学学院,湖北 武汉 430100
  • 2.多灾害防控与工程安全国际科技合作基地,湖北 武汉 430100
  • 3.湖北长大科技开发有限公司加查县分公司,西藏 山南市 856499
通讯作者:
温韬(1990—),男,江西宜春人,博士,教授,主要从事工程地质力学方面的研究工作。E-mail:
作者简介:

吴亚娟(1979—),女,安徽亳州人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为工程地质力学。E-mail:

Prediction of Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Rocks Based on Multi Algorithm Comparison
Yajuan WU1, 2 , Dexin HUANG1, 2, Tao WEN1, 2, 3 , Wenjun JIA1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei 430100, China
  • 2.International Cooperation Center for Mountain Multi-Disasters Prevention and Engineering Safety, Wuhan, Hubei 430100, China
  • 3.Jiacha County Branch of Hubei Yangtze University Technology Development Co., Ltd., Shannan, Xizang 856499, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25
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合理有效地确定岩石单轴抗压强度对保障矿山岩体工程安全意义重大。基于两组包括纵波波速、施密特锤回弹值、点荷载强度、施密特硬度等间接指标的岩石单轴抗压强度数据集,选取PSO-BP、PSO-LSTM、CNN-LSTM、PSO-BILSTM四种组合算法,通过7种评价指标综合评价最优的岩石单轴抗压强度预测算法。结果表明:PSO-LSTM算法在两组数据集上的预测值与实际值拟合较好,各评价指标均较高;基于指标评分法量化分析各算法的预测性能,PSO-LSTM在数据集一和数据集二上分别获得27分和21分的总高分,具有最高的预测精度。输入参数关联度分析显示,数据集一中点载荷强度对单轴抗压强度预测结果影响最大,关联度为0.735 5;数据集二中抗拉强度对单轴抗压强度预测结果影响最大,关联度为0.829 2。同时,各算法在数据集二上的预测效果更好,表明采用与单轴抗压强度关联度高的输入参数能够有效提高预测效果。研究成果可为岩石单轴抗压强度的确定提供参考。

单轴抗压强度  /  算法预测  /  PSO-LSTM  /  关联度  /  间接指标

Reasonably and effectively determining the uniaxial compressive strength of rocks is of great significance for ensuring the safety of mining rock engineering. Based on two groups of rock uniaxial compressive strength datasets including longitudinal wave velocity, Schmidt hammer rebound value, point load strength, Schmidt hardness, and other indirect indicators, four combination algorithms including PSO-BP, PSO-LSTM, CNN-LSTM, and PSO-BILSTM, were selected. And the optimal rock uniaxial compressive strength prediction algorithm was comprehensively evaluated through 7 evaluation indicators. The results show that the PSO-LSTM algorithm fits well with the predicted values and actual values on two datasets, and all evaluation indicators are high. Based on the metric scoring method to quantitatively analyze the predictive performance of various algorithms, PSO-LSTM can achieve a total high score of 27 and 21 on Dataset 1 and Dataset 2, respectively, demonstrating the highest prediction accuracy. The analysis of input parameter correlation shows that the point load strength has the greatest impact on the prediction of uniaxial compressive strength in Dataset 1, with a correlation degree of 0.735 5. The tensile strength has the greatest impact on the prediction of uniaxial compressive strength in Dataset 2, with a correlation coefficient of 0.829 2. Meanwhile, the predictive performance of each algorithm in Dataset 2 is better, indicating that using input parameters with high correlation with uniaxial compressive strength can effectively improve the predictive performance. The research results can provide a reference for determining the uniaxial compressive strength of rocks.

Uniaxial compressive strength  /  Algorithm prediction  /  PSO-LETM  /  Correlation  /  Indirect indicator
吴亚娟, 黄德昕, 温韬, 贾文君. 基于多算法对比的岩石单轴抗压强度预测. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (11) : 141 -150 .
Yajuan WU, Dexin HUANG, Tao WEN, Wenjun JIA. Prediction of Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Rocks Based on Multi Algorithm Comparison[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (11) : 141 -150 .
岩石强度是工程岩体分类、岩体质量分级及开挖稳定性评估的重要参数[1-2]。然而,在实验室确定岩石单轴抗压强度(UCS)存在诸多限制,例如需要特定几何形状的高质量岩芯,试样制备困难,试验成本高昂且非常耗时,这使得一些低成本项目无法开展相应试验[3-4]。因此,诸多学者提出了通过采用易获取的参数间接预测岩石强度,如纵波波速(Vp)、施密特锤回弹值(Rn)、杨氏模量、点荷载强度(Is (50))、密度等[5-7]。
已有研究表明,岩石强度的预测方法主要有回归分析法和人工智能法两大类。回归分析法采用数理统计确定数学公式,描述单轴抗压强度与间接指标之间的关系,包括简单回归和多元回归。通过对数据进行回归分析,目前已有基于Is (50)、Vp、Rn、超声脉冲速度、抗拉强度(BTS)等参数建立的单一变量或多变量与UCS的回归公式[8-12]。然而回归分析法的局限性较明显,该方法获得的经验公式模型结构较为简单,不能准确地表现出岩石关系的复杂性。人工智能技术为UCS预测提供了一种更加高效的方法,近年来取得了较好的效果。在单一算法预测UCS方面,目前已采用随机森林、极限梯度提升树和轻量梯度提升机等集成算法进行UCS预测,并与经验模型进行对比分析,结果表明,集成算法具有更好的预测效果[13-14]。在多算法组合预测UCS方面,目前已有基于海洋捕食者算法与人工神经网络(ANN)算法相结合、粒子群优化算法(PSO)和ANN算法相结合、选择性集成学习算法和遗传算法相结合的方法对UCS进行预测,并获得了很好的预测效果[15-19]。与回归分析法相比,单一算法与多算法组合预测方法因不限制输入参数,能够快速处理庞大数据,使其在UCS预测中具有更好的应用,且多算法组合预测UCS具有更明显的优势。
本文基于Vp、Rn、Is (50)等现场易获取的岩石参数,利用两组不同间接参数组成的岩石数据集进行UCS预测。通过4种多算法组合进行UCS预测,并采用7种评价指标对算法预测结果进行分析,确定UCS预测效果最好的算法,以及与预测结果关联程度最大的输入参数。
PSO-BP是一种融合了粒子群优化(PSO)算法和反向神经网络(BP)的训练算法。在PSO-BP算法中,PSO算法用于探索神经网络权重的搜索空间,通过模拟粒子在解空间中的搜索和迭代更新来寻找最优解。而BP算法则用于在每次迭代过程中对神经网络进行权重的局部调整,以逐步优化网络性能。PSO-BP算法通过综合全局搜索和局部优化两种方法,可以更好地找到神经网络的最优权重配置,从而提高网络的性能和泛化能力[20]。
PSO-LSTM将PSO算法和长短期记忆网络(LSTM)算法结合起来,采用PSO优化LSTM算法的参数,从而提高其预测性能[21]。PSO算法用于搜索LSTM算法中的权重和偏置参数的最优组合,通过不断调整参数,使得LSTM算法能够更好地拟合训练数据,并具备较好的泛化能力。
PSO-BILSTM的基本思想是通过PSO算法来搜索双向长短期记忆网络(BILSTM)算法的参数空间,以找到最佳的参数组合,从而提高预测性能。PSO算法通过不断更新粒子的位置和速度,以寻找最佳解,而在PSO-BILSTM中,每个粒子代表一个BILSTM算法,并根据其在参数空间中的位置和速度来调整算法的参数[22]。
CNN-LSTM算法结合了卷积神经网络(CNN)与LSTM,CNN能够有效地提取数据的特征值,通过LSTM中的门控机制对CNN提取到的特征值进行长短期记忆以达到特征融合的目的。同时,该算法能够通过对数据特征的“选择性记忆”过程降低特征之间冗余带来的影响,最终将融合后的特征融入分类器进行分类。数据经过CNN多次重复卷积和池化后可以有效提取强化后的特征信息,将提取的特征展平并提供给LSTM算法输入层进行读取,然后经过多个隐藏层处理,将信息传入全连接层后得到预测输出[23]。上述4种多算法组合预测算法流程如图1所示。
本文采用两种方式对比验证多算法组合预测岩石单轴抗压强度模型的性能,其一为采用同种优化算法对不同预测算法进行优化;其二为采用不同优化算法对同种预测算法进行优化。因此,本文先进行PSO-BP、PSO-LSTM与PSO-BILSTM的对比验证,再进行PSO-LSTM和CNN-LSTM的对比验证,最后综合评价组合算法的优劣性。
本文选取两组数据进行多算法组合预测UCS验证。数据集一包括124组岩石数据,包括Vp、Rn、Is (50)和UCS四种参数[24];数据集二包括87组岩石类型数据,包括Is (50)、Vp、BTS、施密特硬度(SHH)、邵氏硬度(SSH)和UCS六种参数[25]。这些参数可以通过无损检测的方法快速获取,在许多文献中已被证实其可用来预测UCS的可靠性[5-7],并在许多预测算法中被频繁使用[8-12]。
为了分析各参数与UCS之间的相关性程度,绘制数据集参数的矩阵散点图,如图2所示。图2中显示了所有参数及其与UCS之间的统计特征和相关矩阵,并提供了每个变量的相应分布。根据矩阵散点图可以看出,UCS与各参数之间均呈线性正相关关系,相关系数r≥0.60,即可说明参数与UCS具有很强的相关性[26]。数据集一中,Rn与UCS的相关性最高,相关系数达0.75;Vp与UCS的相关性最低,相关系数为0.68。数据集二中,BTS与UCS的相关性最高,相关系数达0.93;Vp与UCS的相关性最低,相关系数为0.74。通过参数的矩阵散点图可知,Vp与UCS的关联程度最低,BTS、Is(50)、SHH、SSH、Rn等与UCS的关联程度较高。
为了检测数据集中是否有异常值,对两组数据集的参数分别绘制小提琴图,如图3和图4所示。小提琴图中的方形盒上下边界表示上四分位点和下四分位点,方形盒中心白点表示数据中位数,黑点数量表示数据在相应位置的密度。数据集一中,Rn数据分布较为均匀,小提琴图两头窄中间宽,中位数在图形中段;Vp小提琴图存在两个波峰,数据在中部和下部存在集中区域;Is(50)和UCS小提琴图为上窄下宽型分布,说明数据主要集中在下部,上部数据较为分散。数据集二中,Is(50)、BTS和UCS小提琴图呈上窄下宽型分布,数据集中在下部,上部数据分布较为分散;Vp和SHH小提琴图呈上宽下窄型分布,数据集中在上部波峰位置,Vp小提琴图上端细长,说明存在分布较为离散的数据;SSH小提琴图不存在明显的波峰,数据分布较为均匀,中位数在中部位置。综合来看,两个数据集中参数对应的小提琴图整体呈两头窄中间宽,数据分布均匀且不存在异常值。
本文采用决定系数(R2)、均方根误差(ERMS)、平均绝对误差(EMA)、Willmott指数(W)、平均绝对百分比误差(EMAP)、无差贡献率(VAF)、对称平均绝对百分比误差(ESMAP)7个评价指标作为检验算法预测性能的评价指标。
R2是平方和与偏差平方和的比值,其取值范围为[0,1]。R2越接近1,说明算法拟合越好,R2越接近0,说明算法拟合越差[27]。
ERMS是衡量数据集准确性的指标,用于比较不同算法预测值与实际值之间的预测误差。ERMS为非负数,值接近0表示算法结果与实际值的拟合较好[28]。
EMA用于评估预测算法的准确性。EMA为非负数,值越低表示预测准确性越高[29]。
VAF通过将实际值与算法的预测值进行比较来验证算法的准确性。实际值和预测值之间的差异越大,VAF越低。
W为用来预测算法误差程度的标准化度量标准。W取值范围为[0,1],W为1时表示预测值和实际值之间完全一致,拟合效果很好。
ESMAP为实际值和预测值之间的绝对百分比误差的平均值,其中每个误差由实际值和预测值的绝对值之和加权得到,其取值范围为[0,1]。ESMAP为0表示实际值与预测值完全匹配,为1表示完全没有匹配,其值越小算法预测效果越好。
EMAP是统计学中评估算法预测准确性的衡量标准。EMAP值越小,算法预测值越可靠。
式中:yi为实际值;为实际值的平均值;为预测值;为预测值的平均值;m为样本数;Sr为残差平方和;St为总平方和。
在数据集中选择合适的训练集和测试集比例对预测结果非常重要,本文对两个数据集采用不同的数据集比例。根据多次测试,将数据集一中70%的数据(87组)作为训练集,30%的数据(37组)作为测试集;将数据集二中80%的数据(70组)作为训练集,20%的数据(17组)作为测试集。
基于7种评价指标对各算法预测结果进行评估。表1为各算法在数据集一上的预测结果评价指标,由表1可知,PSO-LSTM算法表现最好,6项评价指标取得最优值,仅EMAP指标较差;而PSO-BILSTM算法表现最差,6项评价指标中取得最差值,仅EMAP指标较好。该结果表明,各算法在数据集一上的预测效果评价中,EMAP的代表性相对弱于其他评价指标。
对比同种优化算法对不同预测算法的优化效果,结果表明,PSO-LSTM算法表现最好,PSO-BP算法在所有评价指标上均优于PSO-BILSTM,PSO-BILSTM表现最差。对比不同优化算法对同种预测算法的优化效果,结果表明,PSO-LSTM算法在所有评价指标上均优于CNN-LSTM算法,能够取得更好的预测性能。
综上所述,基于数据集一对4种组合算法预测UCS的效果评估中,PSO-LSTM算法的预测效果最佳,PSO-BILSTM算法的预测效果最差。
表2为各算法在数据集二上的预测结果评价指标,由表2可知,PSO-LSTM算法在R2、ERMS、VAF、W等指标上取得最优值,CNN-LSTM算法在EMA、ESMAP、EMAP等指标上取得最优值。对比同种优化算法对不同预测算法的优化效果,结果表明,PSO-LSTM算法表现最好,PSO-BP算法在6种评价指标上的表现优于PSO-BILSTM算法,仅EMA值较高,即PSO-BP算法的预测效果优于PSO-BILSTM。综上所述,基于数据集二对4种组合算法预测UCS的效果评估中,PSO-LSTM算法的预测效果最佳,PSO-BILSTM算法的预测效果最差。
为了更直观地比较各算法预测性能在不同评价指标上的表现,将7种评价指标映射在雷达图中,如图5所示。图中位于右侧的R2、VAF和W指标数值越大代表预测效果越好,位于左侧的ERMS、EMA、ESMAP和EMAP指标数值越小代表预测越准确,其中由于ERMS和EMA的原始数据量级较大,已对其进行了归一化处理。基于各指标在雷达图中的分布位置,采用指标评分法对算法预测性能进行量化评估,对每一项评价指标,排名第一的算法记4分,第二记3分,第三记2分,第四记1分,最终根据各算法在所有评价指标上的总分进行综合评价。
各算法在数据集一上的预测结果评价得分:PSO-LSTM为27分,PSO-BP为22分,CNN-LSTM为13分,PSO-BILSTM为8分。结果表明,PSO-LSTM在UCS预测方面具有明显优势,4种算法的预测性能从优至差依次为:PSO-LSTM、PSO-BP、CNN-LSTM、PSO-BILSTM。
各算法在数据集二上的预测结果评价得分:PSO-LSTM为21分,CNN-LSTM为20分,PSO-BP为19分,PSO-BILSTM为10分。结果表明,PSO-LSTM在UCS预测中表现最佳,4种算法的预测性能从优至差依次为:PSO-LSTM、CNN-LSTM、PSO-BP、PSO-BILSTM,但前3种算法的预测性能差异不大。
基于PSO-BP、PSO-LSTM、PSO-BILSTM、CNN-LSTM 4种算法在两组数据集上得到的UCS预测值,绘制实际值和预测值的对比,如图6所示。图中显示,PSO-LSTM算法在两组数据集上的预测曲线与实际值曲线最接近,表明该算法在两组数据集上的预测效果均优于其他模型。此外,数据集二的算法预测曲线与实际值曲线几乎重合,而数据集一的拟合效果相对较差,这表明模型的输入因子对UCS预测结果具有较大影响。
为了量化PSO-BP、PSO-LSTM、PSO-BILSTM、CNN-LSTM 4种算法的预测效果,分析各算法在数据集上的预测值和实际值之间的拟合关系,如图7和图8所示。图中所有预测值点均分布在拟合曲线的两侧,斜率越接近1,表明预测结果越接近实测值。
数据集一中(见图7),各算法90%预测带和90%置信带范围较大,说明数据分布较为离散,拟合曲线与y=x最接近的为PSO-LSTM算法,拟合系数为0.91。数据集二中(见图8),4种算法的拟合曲线与y=x均比较接近,拟合系数不小于0.98,说明各算法的预测值与实际值的拟合效果较好。PSO-LSTM算法对应的拟合曲线最接近对角线函数,斜率为0.99,拟合系数为0.99。
关联度是衡量不同因素关联性大小的指标。灰色关联度方法通过分析输入参数与UCS之间发展趋势的相似程度,衡量参数对UCS预测结果的影响程度[30],关联度越大,表明该输入参数对UCS预测的影响越大。
图9为输入参数与UCS之间的关联度。由图9可知,数据集一中3个参数与UCS的关联度介于0.60~0.75之间,其中Rn关联度为0.624 8,Vp关联度为0.691 7,Is (50)关联度为0.735 5。Is (50)与UCS关联度最高,但3种参数的关联度差距不大。数据集二中Is (50)和BTS与UCS的关联度均大于0.8,SHH和SSH与UCS的关联度较低,约为0.5。综上所述,数据集一中,Is (50)为影响UCS预测的主要因素;数据集二中,Is (50)与BTS为影响UCS预测的主要因素。
(1)通过PSO-BP、PSO-LSTM、PSO-BILSTM、CNN-LSTM 4种组合算法对两组岩石单轴抗压强度数据集进行预测,并采用7种评价指标对算法预测结果进行综合分析。结果表明,PSO-LSTM算法在两组数据集上均具有最高的预测精度,各评价指标均较高,且预测值与实际值拟合较好。
(2)通过指标评分法确定了4种算法的预测性能优劣顺序,各算法在数据集一上的预测性能从优至差依次为:PSO-LSTM、PSO-BP、CNN-LSTM、PSO-BILSTM;各算法在数据集二上的预测性能从优至差依次为:PSO-LSTM、CNN-LSTM、PSO-BP、PSO-BILSTM,但前3种算法的预测性能差异不大。
(3)针对多种输入参数进行关联度分析,结果表明,数据集一中Is (50)对UCS预测结果影响最大,关联度为0.735 5;数据集二中BTS对UCS预测结果影响最大,关联度为0.829 2。此外,数据集二中的输入参数与UCS的关联度整体高于数据集一的输入参数,考虑到各算法在数据集二上的预测效果更好,因此,在UCS预测过程中,选择与UCS关联度高的输入参数可以获得更准确的预测结果。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(42477174)
  • 西藏自治区科技计划项目(XZ202402ZD0001; XZ202301YD0034C; XZ202502YD0003)
  • 青海省基础研究计划项目(2024-ZJ-904)
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2025年第45卷第11期
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  • 接收时间:2024-12-19
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-19
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42477174)
西藏自治区科技计划项目(XZ202402ZD0001; XZ202301YD0034C; XZ202502YD0003)
青海省基础研究计划项目(2024-ZJ-904)
作者信息
    1.长江大学 地球科学学院,湖北 武汉 430100
    2.多灾害防控与工程安全国际科技合作基地,湖北 武汉 430100
    3.湖北长大科技开发有限公司加查县分公司,西藏 山南市 856499

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温韬(1990—),男,江西宜春人,博士,教授,主要从事工程地质力学方面的研究工作。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属
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种数
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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