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Article(id=1322164548413542508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744387200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793158192971, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793158192971, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793158192971, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793158192971, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322164546295410919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793158192465, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158905697, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322167537857573862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322167537861768167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322164546295410919, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=29, endPage=37, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322164550007378029, articleId=1322164548413542508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Research on the Energy Characteristics of Rock Breaking Under the Action of Dual Disc Cutters of TBM in Deep Underground, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the efficient rock breaking technology and theoretical challenges faced by the full section tunnel boring machine (TBM) under complex conditions of deep underground high confining pressure, systematically explorations of the energy evolution and dissipation characteristics of TBM dual disc cutters for rock breaking in deep ground were obtained. Based on Abaqus nonlinear finite element software, a numerical model of dual disc cutters for intrusion rock breaking was constructed to analyze the damage and energy evolution characteristics of rock mass under variable confining pressure conditions. The effects of confining pressure, uniaxial compressive strength of rock, disc cutter blade width, and disc cutter spacing on energy dissipation of rock mass were studied. The research results indicate that confining pressure significantly changes the damage and failure mode of rock mass. When the confining pressure is low, longitudinal damage development is dominant in the rock mass, and increasing confining pressure promotes lateral damage development, resulting in tensile shear composite fracture. When the confining pressure is 25 MPa, the energy sudden change dissipation rate reaches its peak and enters the energy stable dissipation stage at the earliest. The compressive strength of rocks is nonlinearly correlated with energy dissipation. When the penetration is greater than 1 mm and the compressive strength of rocks is 105 MPa, the energy dissipation rate is the lowest. Under this condition, rocks are prone to breakage. Under high penetration conditions, increasing the disc cutter blade width and disc cutter spacing can promote energy release within the rock mass and improve TBM excavation efficiency. The research results can provide theoretical basis for energy-saving and efficiency improvement of TBM excavation in deep engineering.

, authors=Feng GAO1, Xiaoliang LIU2, Qiang ZHAO3, Jingjing SHAO4, authorsList=Feng GAO, Xiaoliang LIU, Qiang ZHAO, Jingjing SHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qiang ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322164556370137224, articleId=1322164548413542508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=深地TBM双滚刀作用下岩体破碎能量特征研究, columnId=1226462294582936453, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=深部、深海矿产资源勘探与开发, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对全断面岩石掘进机（TBM）面临的深地高围压复杂条件下高效破岩技术与理论难题，系统探究了深地TBM双滚刀破岩能量演化与耗散特征。基于Abaqus非线性有限元软件构建双滚刀侵入破岩数值模型，分析变围压条件下岩体损伤破坏过程与能量演化特征，研究围压、岩石单轴抗压强度、刀刃宽度、刀间距对岩体能量耗散的影响。研究结果表明：围压会显著改变岩体损伤破坏模式，围压较小时，岩体以纵向损伤发育为主导，围压增大会促进侧向损伤发育，出现拉剪复合断裂；围压为25 MPa时，能量突变耗散速率达到峰值，最早进入能量稳定耗散阶段；岩石抗压强度与能量耗散呈非线性关联，贯入度大于1 mm时，岩石抗压强度为105 MPa能量耗散率最低，该条件下岩石易发生破碎；在高贯入度条件下，增加刀刃宽度和刀间距可以促进岩体内部能量释放，提高TBM掘进效率。研究成果可为深部工程TBM掘进节能增效提供理论依据。

, authors=高锋1, 刘小亮2, 赵强3, 邵静静4, authorsList=高锋, 刘小亮, 赵强, 邵静静, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赵强, authorNote=

高锋（1988—），男，安徽淮北人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为岩石破碎节能降耗工艺与理论。E-mail：

, correspAuthorsNote=
赵强（1995—），男，山西忻州人，硕士，助理教授，主要研究方向为机械结构优化设计。E-mail：
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高锋（1988—），男，安徽淮北人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为岩石破碎节能降耗工艺与理论。E-mail：

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高锋（1988—），男，安徽淮北人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为岩石破碎节能降耗工艺与理论。E-mail：

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Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2015, 51 (9): 199-205., articleTitle=Research on the simulation of cutting rock rotary by hard rock tunnel boring machine disc cutters, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322164563643060423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164548413542508, awardId=20210302124135, language=CN, fundingSource=山西省基础研究计划资助项目(20210302124135), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322164556688904329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164548413542508, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322164556705681546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164548413542508, companyId=1322164556688904329, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Deparment of Scientific Research Work, Shanxi Institute of Technology, Yangquan, Shanxi 045000, China), 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figureFileBig=6oF4DAs0hWlh5lJueg58dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164563194269890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164548413542508, language=CN, label=图7, caption=岩体能量耗散与刀间距的变化关系, figureFileSmall=2Lcs7vViw4aqLe/zHNNPng==, figureFileBig=6oF4DAs0hWlh5lJueg58dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322164563278155971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164548413542508, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Mechanical properties of rock mass

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岩石类型单轴抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa密度/（kg/m3）泊松比
石灰岩805.4028.502 3500.35
砂岩906.1029.302 2000.22
北山花岗岩1056.4323.012 6000.19
大理岩1208.0039.602 7000.25
花岗岩1469.7558.102 6400.20
), ArticleFig(id=1322164563374624964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164548413542508, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

岩体力学性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩石类型单轴抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa密度/（kg/m3）泊松比
石灰岩805.4028.502 3500.35
砂岩906.1029.302 2000.22
北山花岗岩1056.4323.012 6000.19
大理岩1208.0039.602 7000.25
花岗岩1469.7558.102 6400.20
), ArticleFig(id=1322164563471093957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322164548413542508, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Parameters of TBM disc cutter model

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刀刃宽度/mm刀间距/mm
5，15，20，25，30，3560，80，90，100，120
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TBM滚刀模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
刀刃宽度/mm刀间距/mm
5，15，20，25，30，3560，80，90，100，120
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深地TBM双滚刀作用下岩体破碎能量特征研究
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高锋 1 , 刘小亮 2 , 赵强 3 , 邵静静 4
矿业研究与开发 | 深部、深海矿产资源勘探与开发 2025,45(11): 29-37
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矿业研究与开发 |深部、深海矿产资源勘探与开发 2025 , 45 (11) : 29 -37
深地TBM双滚刀作用下岩体破碎能量特征研究
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高锋1 , 刘小亮2, 赵强3 , 邵静静4
作者信息
  • 1.山西工程技术学院 科研工作部，山西 阳泉市　045000
  • 2.山西工程技术学院 土木工程系，山西 阳泉市　045000
  • 3.山西工程技术学院 机械工程系，山西 阳泉市　045000
  • 4.山西工程技术学院 矿业工程系，山西 阳泉市　045000
通讯作者:
赵强（1995—），男，山西忻州人，硕士，助理教授，主要研究方向为机械结构优化设计。E-mail：
作者简介:

高锋（1988—），男，安徽淮北人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为岩石破碎节能降耗工艺与理论。E-mail：

Research on the Energy Characteristics of Rock Breaking Under the Action of Dual Disc Cutters of TBM in Deep Underground
Feng GAO1 , Xiaoliang LIU2, Qiang ZHAO3 , Jingjing SHAO4
Affiliations
  • 1.Deparment of Scientific Research Work, Shanxi Institute of Technology, Yangquan, Shanxi 045000, China
  • 2.School of Civil Engineering, Shanxi Institute of Technology, Yangquan, Shanxi 045000, China
  • 3.School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanxi Institute of Technology, Yangquan, Shanxi 045000, China
  • 4.School of Mining Engineering, Shanxi Institute of Technology, Yangquan, Shanxi 045000, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25
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针对全断面岩石掘进机（TBM）面临的深地高围压复杂条件下高效破岩技术与理论难题，系统探究了深地TBM双滚刀破岩能量演化与耗散特征。基于Abaqus非线性有限元软件构建双滚刀侵入破岩数值模型，分析变围压条件下岩体损伤破坏过程与能量演化特征，研究围压、岩石单轴抗压强度、刀刃宽度、刀间距对岩体能量耗散的影响。研究结果表明：围压会显著改变岩体损伤破坏模式，围压较小时，岩体以纵向损伤发育为主导，围压增大会促进侧向损伤发育，出现拉剪复合断裂；围压为25 MPa时，能量突变耗散速率达到峰值，最早进入能量稳定耗散阶段；岩石抗压强度与能量耗散呈非线性关联，贯入度大于1 mm时，岩石抗压强度为105 MPa能量耗散率最低，该条件下岩石易发生破碎；在高贯入度条件下，增加刀刃宽度和刀间距可以促进岩体内部能量释放，提高TBM掘进效率。研究成果可为深部工程TBM掘进节能增效提供理论依据。

深部掘进  /  能量耗散  /  围压  /  岩体破碎  /  滚刀参数

Aiming at the efficient rock breaking technology and theoretical challenges faced by the full section tunnel boring machine (TBM) under complex conditions of deep underground high confining pressure, systematically explorations of the energy evolution and dissipation characteristics of TBM dual disc cutters for rock breaking in deep ground were obtained. Based on Abaqus nonlinear finite element software, a numerical model of dual disc cutters for intrusion rock breaking was constructed to analyze the damage and energy evolution characteristics of rock mass under variable confining pressure conditions. The effects of confining pressure, uniaxial compressive strength of rock, disc cutter blade width, and disc cutter spacing on energy dissipation of rock mass were studied. The research results indicate that confining pressure significantly changes the damage and failure mode of rock mass. When the confining pressure is low, longitudinal damage development is dominant in the rock mass, and increasing confining pressure promotes lateral damage development, resulting in tensile shear composite fracture. When the confining pressure is 25 MPa, the energy sudden change dissipation rate reaches its peak and enters the energy stable dissipation stage at the earliest. The compressive strength of rocks is nonlinearly correlated with energy dissipation. When the penetration is greater than 1 mm and the compressive strength of rocks is 105 MPa, the energy dissipation rate is the lowest. Under this condition, rocks are prone to breakage. Under high penetration conditions, increasing the disc cutter blade width and disc cutter spacing can promote energy release within the rock mass and improve TBM excavation efficiency. The research results can provide theoretical basis for energy-saving and efficiency improvement of TBM excavation in deep engineering.

Deep excavation  /  Energy dissipation  /  Confining pressure  /  Rock breaking  /  Parameter of disc cutter
高锋, 刘小亮, 赵强, 邵静静. 深地TBM双滚刀作用下岩体破碎能量特征研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (11) : 29 -37 .
Feng GAO, Xiaoliang LIU, Qiang ZHAO, Jingjing SHAO. Research on the Energy Characteristics of Rock Breaking Under the Action of Dual Disc Cutters of TBM in Deep Underground[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (11) : 29 -37 .
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0　引言
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全断面岩石掘进机（Tunnel Boring Machine，TBM）是集破岩、出渣、支护、通风、排水等多功能于一体的隧道施工设备，易于实现智能化作业，在深部地下空间开发、深埋隧道掘进方面的应用逐渐增多[1-2]。随着浅部矿产资源日益减少，“向地球深部进军”已成为矿业开发的必然趋势，TBM在矿业领域的应用也愈发普遍[3-4]。谢和平等[5]提出，以深部TBM为先导，结合深部矿产资源智能化、原位流态化开采技术，有望实现深井矿山无人化绿色安全高效采矿。滚刀破岩是TBM掘进的核心环节，但深地环境下滚刀破岩面临高地应力、高地温、高渗透压等复杂地质条件，TBM滚刀作用下深部岩石与浅部岩石的破碎特征存在显著差异[6]。
围压会影响TBM深地工程掘进时的滚刀破岩特性，近年来，部分学者研究了高地应力或高围压条件下TBM滚刀破岩特征。雷天衢等[7]使用颗粒流离散元程序，研究得出双刃盘形滚刀作用下地应力增大时侧向限制作用明显，并建立了垂直力、破岩比能与地应力的定量关系。张蒙祺等[8]采用二维颗粒流离散元模型与物理试验方法，分析抗压强度存在显著差异的岩石中，滚刀侵入破坏过程与比能耗变化，研究得出围压为10 MPa时平头滚刀侵入破岩的比能高于圆弧滚刀。夏毅敏等[9]基于颗粒流离散元法建立了1~25 MPa围压条件下滚刀侵入破碎岩石的模型，认为围压和刀宽增加均会增大滚刀破岩阻力。谭青等[10]采用颗粒离散元法研究不同围压与节理特征下滚刀破岩特征，将三维的滚压问题简化为二维的侵入问题，得出当岩石节理倾角为15°~75°时，比能耗随围压增大呈先增大后减小的变化特征。翟淑芳等[11]研究了水平方向围压为0，5，10，15，20 MPa条件下TBM滚刀的破岩过程及破岩模式。张旭辉等[12]运用颗粒离散元研究围压作用下TBM双刃中心滚刀破岩特性，发现随围压增加，最优刀间距呈增大趋势。温森等[13]使用5种强度岩石开展不同侧压系数条件下滚刀滚压破岩特性研究，发现侧压系数一定时，滚刀滚压破岩的比能耗随岩石强度的增大而显著增加。
岩石在外载荷作用下破坏的本质是能量传输、积聚、耗散和释放，通过分析岩石破坏过程的能量演化规律可以表征岩石破裂过程中的脆性特征，以及岩石失稳的内在机制[14-17]。谢良涛等[18]、蒋邦友等[19]研究了钻爆法与TBM开挖方式下围岩应变能积聚特性与损伤特征，揭示了深部隧洞在不同掘进方式下的岩爆孕育机理。深地环境下滚刀侵入破岩趋于复杂化，已有的文献对滚刀侵入破岩参数与破岩效果的关系进行了广泛的研究，但对深地TBM滚刀作用下岩体破坏能耗特征研究较少。
本文通过Abaqus数值模拟软件构建双滚刀侵入破岩数值模型，研究了深地不同围压条件下双滚刀侵入破岩过程中岩体能量的演化特征，重点考察了围压、岩石抗压强度、刀宽和刀间距对能量积聚、耗散的影响，从能耗的角度揭示了深地双滚刀侵入破岩的内在机理。研究成果可为提高深地TBM滚刀破岩效率提供新思路和理论依据。
1　TBM滚刀侵入破岩模型与能量计算
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1.1　TBM双滚刀侵入破岩几何模型
TBM掘进时，滚刀在巨大推力和扭矩作用下贯入切割岩石，垂直力主导了滚刀下方密实核形成和裂隙扩展，在多把滚刀共同作用下，裂纹交汇剥落岩块，此过程伴随岩石储能与释放。刘建琴等[20]将滚刀破岩简化为侵入破岩，选择适用范围最广的窄形平刃滚刀建立双滚刀侵入破岩模型。模型尺寸为0.5 m×0.2 m，采用位移加载方式模拟滚刀贯入破岩，贯入速度为0.5 mm/s，最大贯入度为3 mm。约束模型底部边界，对模型左右边界施加围压，模型顶部边界为自由面。目前，我国多数煤矿的开采深度为200~500 m，巷道围压为5~10 MPa；而千米级深煤矿达到60处，围压范围为20~50 MPa；此外，金川镍矿（采深800~1 000 m）、锦屏二级水电站（埋深2 400~2 520 m）、加拿大Sudbury矿区（采深2 000~2 500 m）等深部工程围压处于15~50 MPa。因此，本文对模型施加5，15，25，35，45 MPa的围压，分析围压对双滚刀侵入破岩过程中岩体能量耗散的影响。依次改变模型岩体力学性质、刀刃宽度和刀间距，系统研究深地高围压条件下双滚刀侵入破岩的能耗特征。深地环境下TBM掘进以硬岩为主，模型中岩体的力学性质见表1，滚刀参数见表2，双滚刀侵入破岩模型如图1所示。
1.2　TBM双滚刀侵入破岩能量计算原理
Abaqus是一款非线性有限元分析软件，可用于模拟岩石材料的力学响应及能量演化过程。基于内置的Drucker-Prager模型，采用显式动力学算法模拟深地高围压作用下双滚刀侵入破岩过程，计算岩体总变形能、弹性能与耗散能。
（1）总应变能计算。
总应变能是岩石在变形过程中储存和耗散的总能量，包括弹性应变能、塑性耗散能和损伤耗散能，岩石塑性变形和损伤耗散的能量统称为耗散能，见式（1）。
式中：Ut为岩石总应变能；Ue为加载后岩石储存的弹性能；Up为岩石塑性耗散能；Ud为岩石损伤耗散能；Us为岩石总耗散能。
总应变能计算公式如下：
式中：Ve为单元体积；N为单元数量；σij为柯西应力张量；为弹性应变张量；为塑性应变张量；i、j分别为单元格的行、列序号；上标e、p分别表示弹性应变、塑性应变。计算时通过场应变与应力计算局部能量密度，Abaqus自动对单元积分点求和，得到总弹性应变能。
（2）弹性变形能计算。
弹性变形能是岩石卸载后可恢复变形的能量，与弹性变形相关，计算公式如下：
假设模型中岩体各项同性，弹性应变能计算可简化为：
式中：υ为岩石泊松比；E为岩石弹性模量；σkk为连续介质中应力张量的迹，为静水应力的3倍，其平方值反映了静水压力对弹性变形能的贡献。
根据上述公式，岩石的总应变能减去弹性变形能，即可得到岩石破坏过程的耗散能。
2　TBM双滚刀作用下深部岩体损伤破坏过程
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图2为不同围压条件下深地双滚刀侵入破岩过程中岩体损伤云图（以岩石单轴抗压强度为146 MPa为例）。由图2可知，围压为15 MPa时，贯入度从0.25 mm增加到0.5 mm，岩体损伤区域纵向扩展；贯入度继续增加到0.75 mm时，岩体出现侧向损伤；贯入度达到1 mm时，侧向损伤出现交接现象。围压为25 MPa时，较小贯入度下岩体纵向损伤发育受到抑制，滚刀下方出现小范围损伤积聚区，侧向损伤发育不显著；贯入度为1 mm时，岩体侧向损伤发育显著，滚刀之间出现断裂贯通，岩片剪切剥落。围压为35 MPa时，滚刀贯入岩体的初始阶段即出现明显的侧向损伤，但纵向损伤发育受到抑制；贯入度达到0.75 mm时，侧向损伤交接，形成拉伸断裂；贯入度进一步增加到1 mm时，岩体出现剪切和拉伸复合断裂。
上述结果表明，在一定围压范围内，围压增大会抑制滚刀下方纵向裂纹的扩展，但同时促进侧向损伤的发育，使岩体在较低贯入度下产生拉伸断裂。在高围压条件下，岩体表现出板裂倾向，侧向裂纹更易扩展并贯通，有利于滚刀间形成岩片。
3　不同围压作用下TBM双滚刀侵入破岩能量演化特征
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3.1　不同围压作用下岩体能量随贯入度的变化
通过岩体能量演化分析不同围压条件下双滚刀侵入破岩机制。设定岩石单轴抗压强度为146 MPa，刀间距为80 mm，刀刃宽度为15 mm。通过改变围压大小，开展了不同围压条件下双滚刀侵入破岩的数值模拟。统计岩体总变形能、弹性能和耗散能，并将耗散能与总变形能的比值定义为能量耗散率，绘制各能量指标随贯入度的变化曲线，如图3所示。由图3可以看出，随着贯入度的增大，岩体总应变能、耗散能先以较快速率增长，而弹性能近似呈线性增长。滚刀贯入岩体一定深度后，弹性能突然降低，耗散能急剧增加，能量耗散率出现跃升，此时岩体发生断裂，表面岩块开始剥离；之后三种能量逐渐趋于稳定，滚刀继续推进压碎下方岩石，直至达到表面岩块剥离后产生的新自由面。当围压为5 MPa时，岩体内部能量变化较为平缓；当岩体围压大于15 MPa时，岩体在滚刀作用下内部能量演化加剧，变形破坏活动更为剧烈。
3.2　围压对岩体能量耗散的影响
将单位贯入度的能量耗散定义为能量耗散速率，该指标反映了岩体破坏的剧烈程度。统计岩体能量发生突变和趋于稳定时的贯入度，计算能量突变耗散率、能量突变耗散速率，以及能量稳定耗散率、能量稳定耗散速率，分析围压对岩体能量耗散的影响，如图4所示。图4（a）显示，随着围压的增大，岩体能量发生突变时的贯入度与能量耗散率、能量耗散速率总体上呈先增大后减小的变化趋势。围压为25 MPa时，能量突变耗散率与耗散速率最高，岩体内部损伤贯通速度快，宏观断裂具有突发性；围压为15 MPa时，能量发生突变时的贯入度最大，岩体断裂需要更大的侵入深度，积聚更多的能量转化为耗散能，此时TBM需要施加更多的掘进功。图4（b）显示，随着围压的增大，能量稳定耗散时达到的贯入度、能量稳定耗散速率呈先减小后增大的变化趋势，能量稳定耗散率则逐渐降低。围压为25 MPa时，能量稳定耗散的贯入度最低，为1.36 mm，此时能量耗散速率最小，为0.276 J/mm，此时的岩体能量比其他围压条件下最早进入稳定耗散阶段。围压越大，岩体应变能稳定耗散的比例越低，说明围压对岩体破坏后期的能量转化起到了一定的抑制作用。
4　岩石单轴抗压强度对岩体能量耗散的影响
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为揭示高围压条件下岩石单轴抗压强度对TBM双滚刀破岩过程中岩体能量的影响，以围压为25 MPa为例，控制滚刀参数与贯入速度不变，分析不同贯入度情况下岩体总应变能、耗散能、能量耗散率与岩石单轴抗压强度之间关系的变化规律，如图5所示。由图5可知，随着岩石单轴抗压强度的增大，不同贯入度下的岩体表现出不同的变化趋势。贯入度为0.25 mm时，岩体总应变能、耗散能、能量耗散率总体呈减小的变化特征。该现象表明，在滚刀压入岩体初期，岩石的抵抗能力增强，总应变能降低。贯入度为0.5 mm时，岩体总应变能、耗散能出现小幅度增加，能量耗散率呈先增大后减小的变化趋势。贯入度为0.75~1 mm时，岩体应变能与耗散能先减小后增大，能量耗散率变化呈不稳定现象。此阶段为岩体损伤快速累积到宏观断裂的过渡阶段。贯入度大于1 mm时，随着岩石单轴抗压强度增大，岩体应变能与耗散能均呈现先减小后增大的变化规律。同时，高强度岩石在高围压作用下脆性提高，能量耗散显著增强，能量耗散率总体也表现为先减小后增大，此时岩体发生宏观断裂。当岩石抗压强度为105 MPa时，能量耗散率最低，这与岩石弹性模量有关（此时岩石弹性模量为23.01 GPa，最小），弹性模量越小，岩石越容易发生破碎，在较低的耗散能作用下岩体即发生破坏。岩石抗压强度从120 MPa增加到146 MPa时，能量耗散变化幅度很小，其值稳定在91.3％~93.8％，表明在此强度区间内，岩石的能量耗散机制趋于稳定。
5　滚刀参数对岩体能量耗散的影响
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TBM滚刀参数是影响掘进效率的重要参数，为研究高围压条件下刀刃宽度与刀间距对岩体能量耗散的影响，以围压为25 MPa为例，采用控制变量法，分析岩体总应变能、耗散能、能量耗散率随刀刃宽度、刀间距的变化特征。
5.1　刀刃宽度对岩体能量耗散的影响
图6为双滚刀作用下岩体总应变能、耗散能、能量耗散率随刀刃宽度的变化曲线。由图6可知，随着刀刃宽度的增大，贯入度不大于0.75 mm时，岩体总应变能近似呈线性增大，耗散能变化不显著，能量耗散率以负指数的形式降低；贯入度为1 mm时，岩体总应变能保持线性增大，耗散能及能量耗散率则先增大后降低再小幅度增大，刀刃宽度为15 mm时能量耗散率最大；贯入度大于等于1.25 mm时，岩体总应变能、耗散能先增大后降低，刀刃宽度为30 mm时总应变能、耗散能达到最大值，但能量耗散率整体变化幅度很小。因此，可以认为岩体发生稳定破碎时的最优刀刃宽度为15 mm。在较低贯入度条件下，增加刀刃宽度可以促进岩体内部能量积聚；而当贯入度增加至岩体断裂深度时，增加刀刃宽度可以加快岩体内部能量释放，加剧岩体断裂。
5.2　刀间距对岩体能量耗散的影响
图7为滚刀间距与岩体总应变能、耗散能、能量耗散率的关系曲线。由图7可以看出，贯入度小于等于0.5 mm时，总应变能在刀间距小于90 mm范围内基本保持不变；在刀间距大于等于90 mm的范围内随着刀间距的增大逐渐增大，但耗散能基本不变，随刀间距的增大能量耗散率总体上降低。该现象表明，滚刀贯入岩体的初始阶段，刀间距对岩体能量耗散的影响不显著。滚刀贯入度为0.75 mm时，岩体总应变能、耗散能、能量耗散率随刀间距的增大呈现先增大后减小再增大的变化规律，且刀间距为80 mm达到最大值。滚刀贯入度为1 mm时，岩体总应变能随刀间距的增大先增大后减小，耗散能及能量耗散率则出现不稳定变化，并在刀间距为100 mm时总应变能与耗散能达到最大值。滚刀贯入度大于等于1.25 mm时，岩体总应变能、耗散能、能量耗散率随着刀间距的增大均先增大后减小，且在刀间距为100 mm时达到最大值。上述结果表明，在高贯入度条件下，适当增加刀间距可以提高TBM掘进的能量利用率。
6　结论与展望
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通过Abaqus非线性有限元软件开展深地高围压条件下TBM双滚刀侵入破岩数值模拟分析，研究了岩体损伤破坏过程、能量演化与耗散特征，分析围压、岩石单轴抗压强度、刀刃宽度、刀间距对能量积聚与耗散的影响，得到以下主要结论。
（1）围压的增大会显著抑制滚刀下方纵向损伤发育，围压增大到一定程度时，促进损伤区域由垂直向水平方向扩展，加快侧向裂隙延伸交接，出现拉剪复合断裂，使岩体表面层状岩块剥落。
（2）随着围压增大，岩体能量发生突变时的贯入度、能量耗散率、能量耗散速率总体呈先增大后减小的变化趋势；能量稳定耗散时的贯入度、能量耗散速率先减小后增大，能量耗散率逐渐降低。岩体围压大于15 MPa时，岩体内部能量积聚与耗散速度加快；围压为25 MPa时，岩体断裂的突发性最强，最先进入稳定破碎阶段。
（3）岩石单轴抗压强度与能量耗散呈非线性关联。保持围压不变，随着岩石单轴抗压强度的增大，滚刀侵入岩体难度越大，贯入度小于1 mm时，岩体能量耗散不稳定；贯入度大于等于1.25 mm时，岩体应变能与耗散能均呈现先减小后增大的变化规律，岩石抗压强度为105 MPa时能量耗散率最低。
（4）贯入度小于1 mm时，刀刃宽度增加可以促进岩体变形能积聚；贯入度大于等于1.25 mm时，刀刃宽度增加会促进岩体变形能稳定释放；刀刃宽度大于等于15 mm时，岩体能量耗散率基本保持恒定，是岩体发生稳定破碎时的最优刀刃宽度。
（5）滚刀贯入岩体的初始阶段，刀间距对岩体能量耗散的影响不显著，高贯入度条件下，适当增加刀间距有助于提高破岩效率。贯入度大于等于1 mm时，岩体能量有效耗散的最优刀间距为100 mm。
研究成果从岩体能量演化与耗散的角度探索了深地TBM双滚刀侵入破岩的内在机制，为TBM滚刀破岩机理研究提供了新思路。岩体能量耗散特征是多因素影响下TBM滚刀破岩效果的综合反应，可用于指导岩体条件与掘进参数的耦合优化，提高破岩效率。在今后的研究中还需建立TBM做功与岩体能量耗散特征的关系，基于功能转化理论系统研究滚刀破岩影响因素，促进深地TBM掘进节能增效。
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2025年第45卷第11期
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  • 接收时间：2025-04-12
  • 首发时间：2026-10-28
  • 出版时间：2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-04-12
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山西省基础研究计划资助项目(20210302124135)
作者信息
    1.山西工程技术学院 科研工作部，山西 阳泉市　045000
    2.山西工程技术学院 土木工程系，山西 阳泉市　045000
    3.山西工程技术学院 机械工程系，山西 阳泉市　045000
    4.山西工程技术学院 矿业工程系，山西 阳泉市　045000

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赵强（1995—），男，山西忻州人，硕士，助理教授，主要研究方向为机械结构优化设计。E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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