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In order to alleviate the imbalance between supply and demand of some key rare earth metals in the electric vehicle industry, the Gompertz model and the material flow analysis method were used to predict the theoretical demand of electric vehicles in China from 2024 to 2050. The effects of two paths of motor technology innovation and comprehensive utilization of resources on the supply and demand of four key rare earth metals (neodymium, dysprosium, praseodymium and terbium) in the electric vehicle industry were discussed. The results show that under the given scenario of weak motor technology innovation effect, praseodymium and neodymium are in sufficient supply, while dysprosium and terbium are still in short supply by 2050. In the semi-derare earthing scenario and the radical scenario where the effect of motor technology innovation is more significant, dysprosium will achieve supply and demand balance in 2043 and 2039 respectively, and terbium will achieve sufficient supply in 2041 and 2031 respectively. In the path of comprehensive utilization of resources, recycling has a significant effect on alleviating the imbalance between supply and demand of rare earths in the long run, and the overall decline in the output of restricted electric vehicles is 79%. The hybrid vehicle reduces the use of rare earth resources and improves the allocation efficiency. The two paths of motor technology innovation and comprehensive utilization of resources can effectively alleviate the imbalance between supply and demand of key rare earth metals by promoting the development of new quality productive forces.
, authors=Fengping GAO
1, 2, 3, 4, Chaoying CHENG
1, 2, Yu ZHAO
1, 2, Aruhan
1, 2, Xiao YU
1, 2, 4, authorsList=Fengping GAO, Chaoying CHENG, Yu ZHAO, Aruhan, Xiao YU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chaoying CHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322162108515594780, articleId=1322162103700533762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=中国电动汽车产业关键稀土需求与新质生产力发展路径, columnId=1321866349543014439, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿业前沿交叉与综合, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
为缓解电动汽车产业部分关键稀土金属供需失衡的局面,采用Gompertz模型和物质流分析方法,预测了2024—2050年中国电动汽车的理论需求量,探讨了电机技术创新与资源综合利用两条路径对电动汽车产业中4种关键稀土金属钕、镝、镨和铽供需状况的影响。结果表明,在电机技术创新效应较弱的既定情景下,镨和钕供应充足,镝和铽至2050年仍供不应求;而在电机技术创新效果较显著的半去稀土化情景和激进情景中,镝分别于2043年和2039年实现供需均衡,铽分别于2041年与2031年实现供应充足。在资源综合利用路径中,回收利用在长期内对缓解稀土供需失衡局面具有显著效果,受限制的电动汽车产量整体下降幅度为79%;而混动汽车降低了稀土资源的使用量,提高了配置效率。电机技术创新与资源综合利用两条路径通过促进新质生产力发展,可以有效缓解关键稀土金属供需失衡的局面。
, authors=高风平
1, 2, 3, 4, 程超莹
1, 2, 赵宇
1, 2, 阿如汗
1, 2, 玉小
1, 2, 4, authorsList=高风平, 程超莹, 赵宇, 阿如汗, 玉小, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=程超莹, authorNote=
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1.School of Economics and Management, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China
2.Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Research Center of Industrial Informationization and Innovation, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China
3.Key Laboratory of Green Extraction & Efficient Utilization of Light Rare-Earth Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China
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1.内蒙古科技大学经济与管理学院,内蒙古 包头市 014010
2.内蒙古科技大学内蒙古自治区高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地—产业信息化与产业创新研究中心,内蒙古 包头市 014010
3.内蒙古科技大学轻稀土资源绿色提取与高效利用教育部重点实验室,内蒙古 包头市 014010
4.内蒙古科技大学 黄河几字弯发展研究中心,内蒙古 包头市 014010, bio={"content":"
高风平(1980—),男,内蒙古包头人,博士,教授,主要从事资源贸易、投资与法律、环境法律与资源经济研究。E-mail:imust2k13@163.com
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高风平(1980—),男,内蒙古包头人,博士,教授,主要从事资源贸易、投资与法律、环境法律与资源经济研究。E-mail:imust2k13@163.com
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2.内蒙古科技大学内蒙古自治区高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地—产业信息化与产业创新研究中心,内蒙古 包头市 014010)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322162359859269984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322162359871852897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, companyId=1322162359859269984, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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4.内蒙古科技大学 黄河几字弯发展研究中心,内蒙古 包头市 014010)])]), Author(id=1322162361008509296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1264767760@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322162361117561203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, authorId=1322162361008509296, language=EN, stringName=Chaoying CHENG, firstName=Chaoying, middleName=null, lastName=CHENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=
1.School of Economics and Management, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China
2.Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Research Center of Industrial Informationization and Innovation, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322162361411162484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, authorId=1322162361008509296, language=CN, stringName=程超莹, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1.内蒙古科技大学经济与管理学院,内蒙古 包头市 014010
2.内蒙古科技大学内蒙古自治区高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地—产业信息化与产业创新研究中心,内蒙古 包头市 014010, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322162357825032537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322162358047330650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, companyId=1322162357825032537, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2.内蒙古科技大学内蒙古自治区高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地—产业信息化与产业创新研究中心,内蒙古 包头市 014010)])]), Author(id=1322162361474077046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322162361553768825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, authorId=1322162361474077046, language=EN, stringName=Yu ZHAO, firstName=Yu, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=
1.School of Economics and Management, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China
2.Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Research Center of Industrial Informationization and Innovation, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322162361633460602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, authorId=1322162361474077046, language=CN, stringName=赵宇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1.内蒙古科技大学经济与管理学院,内蒙古 包头市 014010
2.内蒙古科技大学内蒙古自治区高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地—产业信息化与产业创新研究中心,内蒙古 包头市 014010, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322162357825032537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322162358047330650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, companyId=1322162357825032537, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2.内蒙古科技大学内蒙古自治区高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地—产业信息化与产业创新研究中心,内蒙古 包头市 014010)])]), Author(id=1322162361721540988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322162361901896063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, authorId=1322162361721540988, language=EN, stringName=Aruhan, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=
1.School of Economics and Management, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China
2.Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Research Center of Industrial Informationization and Innovation, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322162361969004928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, authorId=1322162361721540988, language=CN, stringName=阿如汗, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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China's population forecast data, figureFileSmall=s+V+UmcDLM3MUwDo+EnA5A==, figureFileBig=0E1uQa+Z4RTxHm5OmsASHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162366863757718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
中国人口预测数据, figureFileSmall=s+V+UmcDLM3MUwDo+EnA5A==, figureFileBig=0E1uQa+Z4RTxHm5OmsASHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162368591810968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Service life distribution of electric vehicles, figureFileSmall=z0sgw2ALqr+GFjYcRLOm8w==, figureFileBig=a0+wWkLaTkJr4W2Xv077CA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162368742805914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
电动汽车使用年限分布, figureFileSmall=z0sgw2ALqr+GFjYcRLOm8w==, figureFileBig=a0+wWkLaTkJr4W2Xv077CA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162369065767323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Prediction of ownership and theoretical demand for electric vehicles, figureFileSmall=KYMjX6f0PLdFwuqeQLsXlQ==, figureFileBig=YpfHjX4jKHR4/fXaf8Pugw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162369397117341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
电动汽车保有量及理论需求量预测, figureFileSmall=KYMjX6f0PLdFwuqeQLsXlQ==, figureFileBig=YpfHjX4jKHR4/fXaf8Pugw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162369468420510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Theoretical demand of neodymium, dysprosium, praseodymium and terbium under three scenarios, figureFileSmall=7SuHc4M14FNB0A3uigFUZg==, figureFileBig=/ZTGV/hVVpExiYeO9bsyAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162369812353439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
3 种情景下钕、镝、镨和铽的理论需求量, figureFileSmall=7SuHc4M14FNB0A3uigFUZg==, figureFileBig=/ZTGV/hVVpExiYeO9bsyAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162369900433824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Comparison of supply and demand of neodymium, dysprosium, praseodymium and terbium, figureFileSmall=XffE9Fm8YRqNkfqWlNengg==, figureFileBig=3BkatfQHy3rVuHT7fuYM9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162370240172449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
钕、镝、镨和铽的供需对比, figureFileSmall=XffE9Fm8YRqNkfqWlNengg==, figureFileBig=3BkatfQHy3rVuHT7fuYM9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162370315669922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Limited output of electric vehicles under different circumstances, figureFileSmall=GGSrH6MQrcr/7ZYdIXcRDw==, figureFileBig=+phcGd+rxvH4MYaLexeFDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162370366001571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
不同情形下受限制的电动汽车产量, figureFileSmall=GGSrH6MQrcr/7ZYdIXcRDw==, figureFileBig=+phcGd+rxvH4MYaLexeFDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162370642825636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
China's GDP growth rate hypothesis
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 2024—2025年 | 2026—2030年 | 2031—2035年 | 2036—2045年 | 2046—2050年 |
|---|
| 5 | 5 | 5 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
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中国 GDP 增长率假设
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 2024—2025年 | 2026—2030年 | 2031—2035年 | 2036—2045年 | 2046—2050年 |
|---|
| 5 | 5 | 5 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322162371108393382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
China's automobile electrification rate
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 2030年 | 2035年 | 2040年 | 2050年 |
|---|
| 40 | 50 | 60 | 80 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322162371519435175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
中国汽车电动化率
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 2030年 | 2035年 | 2040年 | 2050年 |
|---|
| 40 | 50 | 60 | 80 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322162373310402985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Strength data of rare earth metals
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 钕/(g/辆) | 镝/(g/辆) | 镨/(g/辆) | 铽/(g/辆) | 引用文献 |
|---|
| 1 | 484.90 | 21.40 | 109.90 | 11.80 | [19] |
| 2 | 652.50 | 148.00 | 67.10 | 0.00 | [16] |
| 3 | 360.00 | 120.00 | 110.00 | 15.00 | [31] |
| 4 | 602.00 | 110.00 | 162.00 | 0.00 | [32] |
| 5 | 410.00 | 35.00 | 90.00 | 0.00 | [33] |
| 6 | 333.00 | 33.75 | 83.25 | 15.00 | [34] |
| 均值 | 473.73 | 78.03 | 103.71 | 13.93 | |
), ArticleFig(id=1322162373595615660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
稀土金属强度数据
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 钕/(g/辆) | 镝/(g/辆) | 镨/(g/辆) | 铽/(g/辆) | 引用文献 |
|---|
| 1 | 484.90 | 21.40 | 109.90 | 11.80 | [19] |
| 2 | 652.50 | 148.00 | 67.10 | 0.00 | [16] |
| 3 | 360.00 | 120.00 | 110.00 | 15.00 | [31] |
| 4 | 602.00 | 110.00 | 162.00 | 0.00 | [32] |
| 5 | 410.00 | 35.00 | 90.00 | 0.00 | [33] |
| 6 | 333.00 | 33.75 | 83.25 | 15.00 | [34] |
| 均值 | 473.73 | 78.03 | 103.71 | 13.93 | |
), ArticleFig(id=1322162374044406189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Market share of rare earth permanent magnet motors
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 市场占比/% | 引用文献 |
|---|
| 1 | 90 | [6] |
| 2 | 91 | [32] |
| 3 | 85 | [35] |
| 4 | 85 | [36] |
| 5 | 95 | [34] |
| 均值 | 89 | |
), ArticleFig(id=1322162374451253678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
稀土永磁电机市场占比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 市场占比/% | 引用文献 |
|---|
| 1 | 90 | [6] |
| 2 | 91 | [32] |
| 3 | 85 | [35] |
| 4 | 85 | [36] |
| 5 | 95 | [34] |
| 均值 | 89 | |
), ArticleFig(id=1322162374837129647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Production capacity of neodymium, dysprosium, praseodymium and terbium in China
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 钕/t | 镝/t | 镨/t | 铽/t | 引用文献 |
|---|
| 1 | 15 220 | 630.0 | 4 510.0 | 0 | [16] |
| 2 | 21 566 | 751.0 | 6 393.0 | 158 | [19] |
| 均值 | 18 393 | 690.5 | 5 451.5 | 158 | |
), ArticleFig(id=1322162374950375856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322162103700533762, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
中国钕、镝、镨和铽的产能情况
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 钕/t | 镝/t | 镨/t | 铽/t | 引用文献 |
|---|
| 1 | 15 220 | 630.0 | 4 510.0 | 0 | [16] |
| 2 | 21 566 | 751.0 | 6 393.0 | 158 | [19] |
| 均值 | 18 393 | 690.5 | 5 451.5 | 158 | |
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