Article(id=1322162059417079972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322161751467078485, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1755619200000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793157599548, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793157599548, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793157599548, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793157599548, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322161751467078485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='314', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1758729600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793157526127, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158877659, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322167420266074322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322161751467078485, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322167420266074323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322161751467078485, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=225, endPage=232, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322162059589046437, articleId=1322162059417079972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Reliability Analysis and Application Research of Automatic Monitoring Technology for Acoustic Environment in Mining Areas, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Noise pollution in mining areas is a prominent problem in the construction of green mines, and achieving precise and continuous monitoring of noise is crucial for environmental protection and occupational health. To address the the problem of insufficient timeliness and continuity in traditional manual noise monitoring applications in mining areas, taking a typical mining area in Hunan Province as the research background, eight functional areas including open-pit mines, beneficiation plants, transportation work areas, and living areas were selected to carry out 24-hour continuous manual and automatic noise monitoring. Linear regression and bias analysis were conducted to verify the reliability of automatic monitoring technology by comparing over 190 sets of equivalent sound level data per hour. The results show that the automatic monitoring and manual monitoring results are highly consistent, with linear regression slopes ranging from 0.983 5 to 1.055 4, correlation coefficients (r) above 0.997, and absolute deviations controlled within ±1 dB. It is fully verified that the automatic noise monitoring system has good applicability and accuracy in complex mining environments. The monitoring data also reveals that the noise level in the production area (70 - 85 dB) is significantly higher than that in the living area(<55 dB), and after conducting prevention and control measures, the sound level has been reduced by about 20−30 dB compared to the source intensity, with significant prevention and control effects. Finally, noise management suggestions are put for forward for the mine.

, authors=Sangyang ZHOU1, 2, Yanju LIU1, 2, Jin XIAO1, 2, Rui LONG1, 2, Yuanyuan LIU1, 2, Bin TANG1, 2, authorsList=Sangyang ZHOU, Yanju LIU, Jin XIAO, Rui LONG, Yuanyuan LIU, Bin TANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yanju LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322162060943806642, articleId=1322162059417079972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=矿区声环境自动监测技术可靠性分析与应用研究, columnId=1226462295946085268, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山机电与矿业智能化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

矿区噪声污染是绿色矿山建设中的突出问题,实现噪声自动、精准、连续监测对环境保护与职业健康至关重要。为解决传统的噪声人工监测在矿区应用中存在时效性与连续性不足的问题,以湖南省某典型矿区为研究背景,选取露天采场、选矿厂、运输工区、生活区等8个功能区域,开展了24 h连续的人工与自动噪声监测。通过对比超过190组小时等效声级数据,进行了线性回归与偏差分析,以验证自动监测技术的可靠性。结果表明:自动监测与人工监测结果高度一致,其线性回归斜率介于0.983 5~1.055 4之间,相关系数(r)均高于0.997,绝对偏差控制在±1 dB以内,充分证明了噪声自动监测系统在复杂矿区环境下的适用性与准确性。监测数据同时揭示,生产区(70~85 dB)噪声水平显著高于生活区(<55 dB),且经防治措施治理后,声级较其原本等效声级降低了约20~30 dB,防治效果显著。最后针对性地为该矿山提出了噪声管理建议。

, authors=周桑扬1, 2, 刘艳菊1, 2, 肖金1, 2, 龙睿1, 2, 刘源源1, 2, 唐彬1, 2, authorsList=周桑扬, 刘艳菊, 肖金, 龙睿, 刘源源, 唐彬, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘艳菊, authorNote=

周桑扬(1991—),男,湖南长沙人,硕士,工程师,主要从事环境监测工作。E-mail:

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刘艳菊(1971—),女,湖南长沙人,高级工程师,主要从事环境监测工作。E-mail:
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周桑扬(1991—),男,湖南长沙人,硕士,工程师,主要从事环境监测工作。E-mail:

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矿区声环境自动监测技术可靠性分析与应用研究
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周桑扬 1, 2 , 刘艳菊 1, 2 , 肖金 1, 2 , 龙睿 1, 2 , 刘源源 1, 2 , 唐彬 1, 2
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山机电与矿业智能化 2025,45(9): 225-232
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山机电与矿业智能化 2025 , 45 (9) : 225 -232
矿区声环境自动监测技术可靠性分析与应用研究
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周桑扬1, 2 , 刘艳菊1, 2 , 肖金1, 2, 龙睿1, 2, 刘源源1, 2, 唐彬1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.湖南省生态环境监测中心,湖南 长沙 410019
  • 2.国家环境保护重金属污染监测重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410019
通讯作者:
刘艳菊(1971—),女,湖南长沙人,高级工程师,主要从事环境监测工作。E-mail:
作者简介:

周桑扬(1991—),男,湖南长沙人,硕士,工程师,主要从事环境监测工作。E-mail:

Reliability Analysis and Application Research of Automatic Monitoring Technology for Acoustic Environment in Mining Areas
Sangyang ZHOU1, 2 , Yanju LIU1, 2 , Jin XIAO1, 2, Rui LONG1, 2, Yuanyuan LIU1, 2, Bin TANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Hunan Province Environmental Monitoring Center, Changsha, Hunan 410019, China
  • 2.State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Monitoring for Heavy Metal Pollutants, Changsha, Hunan 410019, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25
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矿区噪声污染是绿色矿山建设中的突出问题,实现噪声自动、精准、连续监测对环境保护与职业健康至关重要。为解决传统的噪声人工监测在矿区应用中存在时效性与连续性不足的问题,以湖南省某典型矿区为研究背景,选取露天采场、选矿厂、运输工区、生活区等8个功能区域,开展了24 h连续的人工与自动噪声监测。通过对比超过190组小时等效声级数据,进行了线性回归与偏差分析,以验证自动监测技术的可靠性。结果表明:自动监测与人工监测结果高度一致,其线性回归斜率介于0.983 5~1.055 4之间,相关系数(r)均高于0.997,绝对偏差控制在±1 dB以内,充分证明了噪声自动监测系统在复杂矿区环境下的适用性与准确性。监测数据同时揭示,生产区(70~85 dB)噪声水平显著高于生活区(<55 dB),且经防治措施治理后,声级较其原本等效声级降低了约20~30 dB,防治效果显著。最后针对性地为该矿山提出了噪声管理建议。

矿区声环境  /  自动噪声监测  /  等效声级  /  声源分析  /  噪声防治

Noise pollution in mining areas is a prominent problem in the construction of green mines, and achieving precise and continuous monitoring of noise is crucial for environmental protection and occupational health. To address the the problem of insufficient timeliness and continuity in traditional manual noise monitoring applications in mining areas, taking a typical mining area in Hunan Province as the research background, eight functional areas including open-pit mines, beneficiation plants, transportation work areas, and living areas were selected to carry out 24-hour continuous manual and automatic noise monitoring. Linear regression and bias analysis were conducted to verify the reliability of automatic monitoring technology by comparing over 190 sets of equivalent sound level data per hour. The results show that the automatic monitoring and manual monitoring results are highly consistent, with linear regression slopes ranging from 0.983 5 to 1.055 4, correlation coefficients (r) above 0.997, and absolute deviations controlled within ±1 dB. It is fully verified that the automatic noise monitoring system has good applicability and accuracy in complex mining environments. The monitoring data also reveals that the noise level in the production area (70 - 85 dB) is significantly higher than that in the living area(<55 dB), and after conducting prevention and control measures, the sound level has been reduced by about 20−30 dB compared to the source intensity, with significant prevention and control effects. Finally, noise management suggestions are put for forward for the mine.

Acoustic environment in mining area  /  Automatic noise monitoring  /  Equivalent sound level  /  Sound source analysis  /  Noise prevention and control
周桑扬, 刘艳菊, 肖金, 龙睿, 刘源源, 唐彬. 矿区声环境自动监测技术可靠性分析与应用研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (9) : 225 -232 .
Sangyang ZHOU, Yanju LIU, Jin XIAO, Rui LONG, Yuanyuan LIU, Bin TANG. Reliability Analysis and Application Research of Automatic Monitoring Technology for Acoustic Environment in Mining Areas[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (9) : 225 -232 .
环境噪声污染已成为现代城市和工业区居民面临的重大威胁,世界卫生组织(WHO)将其列为仅次于空气污染的第二大环境健康风险因素。随着城市化进程加速和工业活动扩张,噪声暴露人群不断扩大,噪声对居民生活质量、身心健康及社会福祉的负面影响日益凸显。研究表明,噪声污染不仅会造成永久性听力损伤[1],还会通过听觉系统引发人体多系统损害,破坏生理平衡,诱发头痛、睡眠障碍、记忆力减退等一系列健康问题[2]。近年来,我国“蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战”取得显著成效,随着生态环境持续改善,民众对声环境质量的期盼日益高涨,噪声污染引发的烦恼、纠纷和投诉随之凸显,已成为当前民众身边环境问题中最受关切的事项之首[3]。根据生态环境部《中国噪声污染防治报告(2024年)》数据:2023年全国地级以上城市共接到噪声投诉举报案件大约570.6 万件,比上一年增加了120.3万件,其中噪声干扰百姓生活的问题在各种生态环境投诉当中所占比例为61.3%,高居首位[4]。近年来,随着采矿业的快速发展,绿色智能开采新技术的推广使矿区环境得到了显著改善,而噪声污染问题却日益突出。矿区噪声声源多样、强度波动大、传播复杂,具体包括矿山开采、选矿工艺、矿产品运输、生活噪声等,不仅影响矿区作业人员的职业健康,还对周边生态环境造成持续破坏。
噪声监测是一项针对影响人类生活、工作与学习的各类声波及声源开展系统性测量的专业活动。其主要功能不仅在于为噪声污染防治提供科学的数据支撑,更成为评估治理成效、衡量声环境质量以及优化噪声管理决策的关键依据[5]。传统人工监测方式因监测频次低、采样时间短、数据离散性大,难以有效捕捉突发性噪声事件,尤其在对社会生活噪声[6]、工业企业生产、铁路、机场、矿山开采与运输以及道路交通噪声[7-12]等随机性较强的污染源监测方面效能有限。该方式无法实现全天候、全覆盖的监测,难以客观、准确地反映环境噪声的实际强度及其动态变化趋势,因而难以满足新形势下声环境质量评估与噪声污染防控的管理需求。当前,噪声监测正逐步从传统人工模式向自动化、智能化方向快速转型。噪声自动监测技术依托于全天候连续数据采集和实时频谱分析能力,能够基于海量原始监测数据进行深入分析[13],显著提升了对噪声动态变化的捕捉与解析能力。该技术不仅为改善社会声环境质量、服务民生需求及营造宁静宜居的生活环境提供了有效技术支撑,也为噪声污染防治管理提供了更加及时、科学与高效的技术保障[14]。
自20世纪60年代开始,全球很多国家陆续开展城市噪声监测项目。1966年,法国图卢兹创建并投入使用世界上第一个噪声自动监测系统[15]。国外噪声监测技术主要运用于航空、交通、建筑施工等场合,西班牙、日本等少数国家在城市区域噪声污染的专业化监测研究方面进行了尝试[16-17]。我国噪声监测始于1973年,经过近五十年的发展,已大致形成较为完备的自动化监测体系[6]。2006年,“苏州市区环境噪声自动监测系统”建成,开启了中国噪声自动监测的一系列研究,为中国噪声自动监测奠定了基础。2022年,全国超过4万个施工工地进行了扬尘噪声在线监测,城市轨道交通沿线布置了超1 000个噪声监测点位,对城市建筑施工、轨道交通的噪声进行了强力监管。
国内外城市自动噪声监测已取得了丰硕的成果,在矿区噪声研究方面,李恒域[18]通过双变量模型,研究了共同噪音对生物钟的集体行为的影响作用,发现共同外噪音诱导的同步振荡对于内噪音具有鲁棒性;王克新[19]对晓南矿选煤厂噪声来源进行了分析并提出了综合治理措施,但目前针对矿区噪声自动监测的研究仍较少。矿区一般远离城区,生活单元相对独立,建有学校、医院、居民区等生活设施,随着矿山条件的持续改善,噪声对周边居民区的影响也日益受到关注,国家相关标准对厂界噪声限值有严格规定(昼间50~70 dB(A),夜间40~55 dB(A))。因此,建立科学完善的声环境自动监测系统,对矿山企业履行环保责任、保障员工健康、提升社区关系具有多重价值。
受矿山开采、选冶、运输等因素影响,矿区噪声源在频率、声压、时间分布上均存在较大差异,相对城市统一规划的功能区,范围较小的矿区难以按功能分片区,各区域噪声声源多样、强度波动大、传播路径复杂。按作业流程划分,矿区噪声主要包含三类。
(1)开采作业噪声。主要来源有钻孔作业、爆破作业、采掘作业,其中钻孔作业噪声属脉冲型噪声,等效声级峰值可达115 dB,频率范围125~500 Hz;爆破作业噪声属瞬时噪声,等效声级峰值可达140 dB,频率范围20~20 000 Hz;采掘设备噪声为驱动电机噪声和岩体摩擦噪声,等效声级峰值可达110 dB,频率范围200~2 000 Hz。
(2)选矿作业噪声。主要来源有破碎筛分、磨矿分级、辅助设备,其中破碎筛分噪声一般由物料挤压、齿轮传动、矿石撞击、筛网共振叠加而成,等效声级90~120 dB,频率范围200~5 000 Hz;磨矿分级噪声一般为球磨机与分级机运转噪声,等效声级80~110 dB,频率范围200~1 000 Hz;辅助设备噪声主要为空压机、泵房、风机运转噪声,等效声级70~100 dB,频率范围500~2 000 Hz;
(3)矿产品运输噪声。主要来源有运矿车辆、运输胶带、运矿铁路等,等效声级80~90 dB,频率范围100~5 000 Hz。
从时间分布上,开采作业噪声为白天间歇噪声,选矿作业噪声为24 h连续噪声,矿产品运输噪声为定时间歇噪声。
随着矿业技术的不断更新,当前矿区噪声防治已形成“源头防控—传播阻断—个体防护”的立体化技术体系。在源头防控方面,采用低噪声型破碎机、设备隔声罩,从而降低噪声强度;在噪声传播途径上,露天矿区建立声屏障,选矿车间采用“浮筑地面+隔声墙”复合结构,带式输送机全线封闭式设计;个体防护方面,逐步普及矿用电子降噪耳罩。虽然上述手段在矿区噪声防治方面已取得一定效果,但受制于矿区地形、功能布置复杂,各区域噪声源庞乱等因素,仍面临低频噪声治理困难等技术瓶颈。为督促矿山企业履行环保责任、保障员工健康、提升社区关系,应建立科学完善的声环境自动监测系统,科学评判矿区噪声分布规律。
噪声自动监测系统基于声电转换和智能分析技术实现环境噪声的实时采集、处理与评估。系统核心由高精度电容传声器、信号调理电路和数据处理单元构成,传声器采集到声音信号后,将声压波动转换为电信号,经A/C/Z计权滤波和24位模数转换后,由嵌入式处理器实时计算等效连续声级、统计声级L10/L50/L90等特征参数。噪声监测系统主要包括噪声自动监测子站和噪声监控中心两个主要部分[15]。噪声自动监测子站是户外数据采集的关键部分,包括全天候室外传声器、噪声信号采集及处理装置、通信设备、气象参数监测装置以及电源系统等主要组成部分。噪声自动监测子站采集数据后,由通信单元传输至噪声监控系统,从而对噪声数据进行统计、分析及评价,原理流程详见图1。
全天候户外传声器属于噪声自动监测系统的重点采样单元,其主要作用是把环境声学信号转变成电信号,再把这些信号传送给数据采集和处理模块,全天候户外传声器采用了防风、防水、防尘和抗电磁干扰等多种防护技术,目的是为了符合户外长时间运行的要求,从而保证全天候持续稳定的特性。
噪声采集分析单元是噪声自动监测仪的核心数据采集分析部件,具有噪声信号、气象数据等原始数据的收集和分析功能,可以存储一定量的数据。对户外传声器采集来的电信号进行声学统计分析,形成声学指标数据,同时接收气象等监测数据,进行存储,并通过通信单元向噪声监控系统传送数据。
通信单元是实现噪声自动监测仪与噪声监控系统数据通信的部件,噪声自动监测仪数据联网传输采用专网或虚拟专网(VPN),保障数据按照要求传输至噪声监控系统。
气象采集单元与噪声自动监测仪一体安装,将温度、湿度、风速、风向、气压和降雨量信号转换为电信号,传输至噪声采集分析单元,气象数据可作为评判噪声监测数据有效性的依据。
噪声监控系统主要负责数据采集、预处理、分析及评估等工作,其主要作用就是整合各个监测站点所上传的数据信息,然后根据需求生成结构化的报告文件,以适应用户的各种应用场景。
为分析矿区噪声分布规律,为矿区噪声防控提供依据,以湖南省某矿区为研究对象,分别对开采区域、选矿车间、生活区等区域开展噪声自动监测。监测过程中为验证自动监测的准确性,配备4台同参数人工监测设备进行同步监测。
根据矿区噪声强度及分布频率,4台全自动监测设备分别布置在矿区不同区域进行噪声监测,设备监测测量范围28~141 dB,频率范围10~20 000 Hz。连续监测时间为24 h,分2次监测矿区生活区、办公区、医院、学校、市场、露天采场、选矿车间、运输工区共8个主要区域的噪声情况。
参考《声环境质量标准》(GB 3096—2008),结合城市区域功能和环境保护的要求,对矿区主要区域进行监测。我国将城市声环境功能区划分为五类:0类、1类、2类、3类和4类(4a和4b)。0类功能区主要适用于需要保持极低背景噪声水平的康复疗养区等特别安静的区域;1类功能区主要分布在居民住宅区、医院和学校等敏感区域;2类功能区主要分布在居住、商业和工业混合区;3类功能区主要适用于以工业生产、仓储物流为主的区域,需要保证工业生产、仓储物流正常进行,同时有效控制工业生产、仓储物流对周围环境的噪声影响;4类功能区主要设置在交通主干道两侧,主要控制机动车产生的交通噪声污染,其中4a对应公路沿线,4b对应铁路干线两侧。
矿区生活区、办公区环境要求相对安静,尽量远离主要作业区域;医院、学校、商业区人流量较大,布局尽可能远离工业噪声;采场周边、选矿车间、运输工区存在大量生产作业,噪声较大。研究过程中对上述区域分批进行人工与自动设备对比监测,第1天监测住宅楼、矿山医院、选矿厂和露天采场,第2天监测办公楼、子弟小学、市场和运输工区。
按照中国环境监测总站颁布的《功能区声环境质量自动监测能力建设技术要求(试行)》所给出的比对监测方案,本次监测具体的实施步骤分为5个主要环节。
(1)人工监测设备和噪声子站的时间精度要达到秒级同步。
(2)分别对人工和自动2种监测设备展开校准,使其处于正常工作状态。
(3)两种设备的传声器放置于同一高度,且水平方向间隔0.5 m。
(4)在整点时开启设备并持续运行24 h。
(5)试验结束之后再做测后校验,两组数据之间的偏差值需控制在0.5 dB之内。通过监测采集瞬时声级LA,在规定测量时间进行能量加权平均得到等效声级Leq,再对等效声级进行比对与评价。等效声级Leq表示为:
式中:LA表示t时刻的瞬时A声级;T为规定的测量时间段。
手动仪器和自动仪器现场对比监测时,采用24 h连续测量,每小时获得一组小时等效声级。将采样时段内的人工和自动监测的小时等效声级数据做相关性分析以及偏差分析。
目前矿区主要噪声监测手段为人工监测,存在监测工作量大、监测数据不连续、预警不及时等问题。本次研究根据中国环境监测总站推荐的评估方法,对采样时段人工和自动监测的超过190组小时等效声级数据进行汇总分析,以人工监测数据为自变量,自动监测数据为因变量,建立线性回归模型[20],研究自动监测与人工监测的相关性,论证噪声自动监测在矿区的适用性。图2和图3分别为不同点位人工监测数据与自动监测数据相关性分析。
分析图2和图3,可得出如下特征。
(1)两天所采集的数据具备明显的线性特征,其分布区间基本符合线性分布(红色虚线表示,颜色标识见电子版),在低分贝范围内,自动监测设备的测量数值略微小于人工监测所得数据,且总体分布均处于拟合曲线之下;在后半段(分贝较高)时,自动监测设备数据在红线以上,稍高于手工监测数据。
(2)自动监测设备与人工监测数据的斜率范围为0.983 5~1.055 4,截距范围为-4.095 6~1.326 6 dB,相关系数(r)范围为0.997 7~0.999 8。自动监测与人工监测结果具有很高的一致性,证明自动噪声监测系统能有效监测矿区噪声情况,可实现矿区噪声的全天候、精细化监管。
(3)生产作业区(露天采场、选矿厂、运输工区)等效声级最高(70~85 dB),生活配套区(医院、学校、市场)次之(<55 dB),办公与住宅区最低(<50 dB),分布格局符合矿区规划预期。
(4)各生产区域噪声值较其原本等效声级(80~110 dB)降低了约20~30 dB, 表明矿区噪声防治具备一定成效,有效降低了噪声对矿区的影响,证明现有“源头-传播-个体”三级防治体系的有效性。
根据中国环境监测总站颁布的《功能区声环境质量自动监测能力建设技术规范(试行)》要求,噪声监测子站与人工手动监测设备应在目标区域进行不少于24 h的连续比对实验,人工监测数据与自动监测数据对应小时等效声级的偏差绝对值应小于或等于1.0 dB。为进一步研究矿区噪声人工和自动监测偏差,对监测的8个区域等效声级偏差进行统计分析,计算公式为:
式中:D为人工和自动监测的小时等效声级偏差,dB;ρ1为人工监测小时等效声级,dB;ρ2为自动监测小时等效声级,dB。
人工和自动监测的小时等效声级偏差见图4。由图4可见,8个区域自动监测数据与人工监测的偏差范围为-1~1 dB,符合相关要求;露天采场与运输工区的偏差值最大,为25%~75%,与作业的间歇性及较大频率范围有关;住宅楼、矿山医院、办公楼偏差范围较窄,等效声级较为集中。
基于本研究对矿区声环境自动监测技术可靠性的验证结果以及矿区噪声分布的实际情况,为进一步推动矿山企业落实环境保护主体责任、提升噪声污染防治水平、构建和谐社区关系,为该矿山企业提出如下4个方面的管理建议。
(1)推广建设噪声自动监测系统,实现精细化、智能化监管。建议在大型露天矿、选矿厂周边及临近敏感点的区域,优先推广部署噪声自动监测系统。构建覆盖主要噪声源、传输路径和敏感点的监测网络,实现对企业厂界、重点作业区域和周边社区环境的24 h不间断监测。通过实时数据采集、超标自动报警、历史趋势分析等功能,变被动响应为主动预警,为环境管理提供精准、连续的数据支撑,大幅提升监管效率和精细化水平。
(2)建立噪声数据管理平台,推动数据公开与共享。建议矿山企业将自动监测系统接入统一的环保物联网平台,实现噪声数据与粉尘、振动等其他环境要素数据的协同管理。平台应具备数据存储、统计分析、报表自动生成和可视化展示功能。同时,探索建立数据公开机制,可在矿区门口或企业网站公示实时噪声数据,或在定期发布的社会责任报告中披露噪声污染防治成效。这不仅能保障企业员工的知情权,更能增强与周边社区居民的互信,有效减少环境纠纷,是提升企业形象和社会认可度的重要举措。
(3)强化监测数据应用,优化噪声防治措施。自动监测系统获取的海量数据不应仅用于达标判断,更应深度挖掘其价值。建议企业利用长期监测数据,分析不同季节、不同时段、不同生产工况下的噪声变化规律,精准识别主要噪声源及其贡献率。据此,可科学评估现有降噪措施(如声屏障、隔声罩)的实际效果,并针对性地优化防控策略。例如,对数据分析发现的低频噪声突出或夜间偶发超标等问题,可投资更具针对性的治理技术,实现从“达标治理”向“精准治理”的升级,从而在合规基础上进一步降低噪声对员工和环境的实际影响。
(4)将自动监测数据纳入企业环保考核体系。建议企业集团或地方生态环境主管部门探索将噪声自动监测数据作为环保绩效考核、绿色矿山评选、企业信用评价的重要依据。通过设定月/年累计超标时长、夜间达标率等量化指标,形成硬性约束,激励矿山企业持续投入并维护好噪声防治设施与监测系统,确保其长期稳定运行,真正将噪声污染防治责任落到实处。
本研究通过对湖南省某矿区多功能区域的同步比对监测,对声环境自动监测技术的可靠性及其应用价值进行了深入分析,主要得出以下结论。
(1)在复杂的矿区环境下,自动噪声监测系统与人工监测方法获得的等效声级结果具有高度一致性。两者数据的线性回归斜率介于0.983 5~1.055 4之间,相关系数(r)均大于0.997,绝对偏差控制在±1 dB以内,完全满足技术规范要求。自动噪声监测系统可有效监测矿区噪声情况,从而实现矿区噪声的全天候、精细化监管。
(2)监测结果揭示了矿区噪声的空间分布规律为生产作业区(露天采场、选矿厂、运输工区)等效声级最高(70~85 dB);生活配套区(医院、学校、市场)次之(<55 dB);办公与住宅区最低(<50 dB)。该分布格局符合矿区规划预期,且各生产区域噪声值较其原本等效声级(80~110 dB)降低了约20~30 dB,证明现有“源头-传播-个体”三级防治体系具有一定的有效性。
(3)针对矿山环境管理,建议推广建设噪声自动监测网络,并将其接入企业环保管理平台,实现从被动响应向主动预警的转变。通过实时数据公开与深度分析,可进一步增强企业与社区的互信、精准优化降噪措施,并将数据转化为环保考核的科学依据。部署噪声自动监测系统是矿山企业履行环保责任、保障员工健康、构建和谐社区的关键环节,对推动绿色矿山的智能化、可持续发展具有重要意义。
  • 国家环境保护重金属污染监测重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLMHM202332)
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2025年第45卷第9期
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  • 接收时间:2025-08-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-20
基金
国家环境保护重金属污染监测重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLMHM202332)
作者信息
    1.湖南省生态环境监测中心,湖南 长沙 410019
    2.国家环境保护重金属污染监测重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410019

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刘艳菊(1971—),女,湖南长沙人,高级工程师,主要从事环境监测工作。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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