Article(id=1322161907574887388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322161751467078485, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730390400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793157563345, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793157563345, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793157563345, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793157563345, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322161751467078485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='314', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1758729600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793157526127, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158877659, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322167420266074322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322161751467078485, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322167420266074323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322161751467078485, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=85, endPage=94, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322161907776213981, articleId=1322161907574887388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Study on Optimization of Roof Support Parameters in High Stage Stope of Water-Rich Broken Ore Body, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the problem of roof instability and material waste caused by unreasonable value of roof support parameters, the optimization of support parameters was studied based on the research background of the north stope of Zhongguan Iron Mine. Firstly, based on the suspension theory and the loose circle theory, combined with the numerical simulation results without support, the plastic zone was used as the basis for the determination of the loose circle, and the thickness of the loose zone was obtained, and then the length of the bolt was 2.4−4.4 m. Secondly, according to the quality of rock mass, the designed row spacing between bolts was 0.8 m×0.8 m and 1.2 m×1.2 m respectively, the length of bolts was 2.4 m and 4.4 m respectively, and the anchoring force was 17.5 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. The FLAC3D software was used to establish the mining model, and the vertical stress, vertical displacement and plastic zone distribution of the roof of each scheme were compared and analyzed. Finally, based on the simulation results, the index satisfaction method was used to select the roof settlement, the height of the stress release zone, the area of the plastic zone and the total length of the bolt, and the optimization model of the bolt parameters considering the safety and economic benefits was established. The highest comprehensive satisfaction is 0.899, and the optimal scheme is determined to be a row spacing between bolts of 0.8 m×0.8 m, bolt length of 4.4 m and anchoring force of 20 MPa. The simulation results provide theoretical support for the determination of the bolt parameters of the ore body.

, authors=Weihua XIANG1, 2, Tao ZHOU1, 2, Sheguang WANG1, 2, Yanze LU1, 2, Deqing GAN3, 4, 5, Zhiqiang YANG1, 2, Zhiyi LIU3, 4, 5, Lijie WANG1, 2, authorsList=Weihua XIANG, Tao ZHOU, Sheguang WANG, Yanze LU, Deqing GAN, Zhiqiang YANG, Zhiyi LIU, Lijie WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tao ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322161915724419086, articleId=1322161907574887388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=富水破碎矿体高阶段采场顶板支护参数优化研究, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决顶板支护参数取值不合理导致顶板失稳、材料浪费的难题,以中关铁矿北区采场为研究背景,进行支护参数优化研究。首先,基于悬吊理论和松动圈理论,并结合未支护时数值模拟结果,将塑性区作为松动圈判定依据,得出松动区厚度,进而得出锚杆长度为2.4~4.4 m;其次,根据岩体质量,设计锚杆间排距分别为0.8 m×0.8 m和1.2 m×1.2 m,锚杆长度分别为2.4 m和4.4 m,锚固力分别为17.5 MPa和20 MPa,采用FLAC3D软件建立回采模型,对比分析各方案顶板竖向应力、竖向位移、塑性区分布规律;最后,以模拟结果为基础,采用指标满意度法,选取顶板沉降量、应力释放区高度、塑性区面积以及锚杆总长度等指标,建立了综合考虑安全与经济效益的锚杆参数优选模型,计算得出综合满意度最高为0.899,确定锚杆间排距0.8 m×0.8 m、锚杆长度4.4 m、锚固力20 MPa为最优方案。模拟结果为该矿体锚杆参数的确定提供了理论支撑。

, authors=向伟华1, 2, 周涛1, 2, 王社光1, 2, 路燕泽1, 2, 甘德清3, 4, 5, 杨志强1, 2, 刘志义3, 4, 5, 王立杰1, 2, authorsList=向伟华, 周涛, 王社光, 路燕泽, 甘德清, 杨志强, 刘志义, 王立杰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=周涛, authorNote=

向伟华(1983—),男,湖南邵阳人,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事采矿工程管理方面的工作。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
周涛(1985—),男,河北邢台人,高级工程师,主要从事采矿技术研究。E-mail:
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向伟华(1983—),男,湖南邵阳人,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事采矿工程管理方面的工作。E-mail:

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向伟华(1983—),男,湖南邵阳人,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事采矿工程管理方面的工作。E-mail:

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articleId=1322161907574887388, language=CN, label=图1, caption=悬吊理论锚杆支护原理, figureFileSmall=64ous2e3Px/zbilEJuW2wQ==, figureFileBig=QPGrf/wvZURHXmEqbeBugg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161978462810745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Distribution diagram of plastic zone without support, figureFileSmall=BHMVTaAJ96x8i1eb3h1+rA==, figureFileBig=XsozQwHAd6/SmBuK0LA0XA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161978550891131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=CN, label=图2, caption=未支护时塑性区分布云图, figureFileSmall=BHMVTaAJ96x8i1eb3h1+rA==, figureFileBig=XsozQwHAd6/SmBuK0LA0XA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161978617999996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Bolt support, figureFileSmall=F55CJECx1mDCcpYVmUbDhw==, figureFileBig=Th/zIJ5j3DGEmXvn7aqjag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161978697691773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=CN, label=图3, caption=锚杆支护, figureFileSmall=F55CJECx1mDCcpYVmUbDhw==, figureFileBig=Th/zIJ5j3DGEmXvn7aqjag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161978760606334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Three-dimensional numerical model, figureFileSmall=rqVZFD/Y9MgsN2T7F95GgA==, figureFileBig=oNoZkfEhoyn9irTKAW6vZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161978823520895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=CN, label=图4, caption=三维数值模型, figureFileSmall=rqVZFD/Y9MgsN2T7F95GgA==, figureFileBig=oNoZkfEhoyn9irTKAW6vZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161978915795585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Vertical stress, vertical displacement and plastic zone distribution cloud diagrams of the roof of scheme 1, figureFileSmall=6P8Wul4hjjStjW/WmOyBUA==, figureFileBig=D3Bj7jNPn06+wpxuAbfjeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161978987098754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=CN, label=图5, caption=方案1顶板竖向应力、竖向位移和塑性区分布云图, figureFileSmall=6P8Wul4hjjStjW/WmOyBUA==, figureFileBig=D3Bj7jNPn06+wpxuAbfjeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161979062596227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Vertical stress, vertical displacement and plastic zone distribution cloud diagrams of the roof of scheme 2, figureFileSmall=C5qhkMjPbTgsXOX2QjwIKQ==, figureFileBig=YIeZB5YSGssWo/o8gAn4NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161979150676613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=CN, label=图6, caption=方案2顶板竖向应力、竖向位移和塑性区分布云图, figureFileSmall=C5qhkMjPbTgsXOX2QjwIKQ==, figureFileBig=YIeZB5YSGssWo/o8gAn4NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161979289088646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Vertical stress, vertical displacement and plastic zone distribution cloud diagrams of the roof of scheme 3, figureFileSmall=3pF0GR2rjjVP78vkE+8m3g==, figureFileBig=kv0ydJ94BnrfXtEg08JqEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161979356197511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=CN, label=图7, caption=方案3顶板竖向应力、竖向位移和塑性区分布云图, figureFileSmall=3pF0GR2rjjVP78vkE+8m3g==, figureFileBig=kv0ydJ94BnrfXtEg08JqEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161979435889288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Vertical stress, vertical displacement and plastic zone distribution cloud diagrams of the roof of scheme 4, figureFileSmall=flqgmnfjJYm+y+1WSL8veg==, figureFileBig=q1wmtJuJnAOkuznlIo9LiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161979511386762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=CN, label=图8, caption=方案4顶板竖向应力、竖向位移和塑性区分布云图, figureFileSmall=flqgmnfjJYm+y+1WSL8veg==, figureFileBig=q1wmtJuJnAOkuznlIo9LiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161979582689931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Vertical stress, vertical displacement and plastic zone distribution cloud diagrams of the roof of scheme 5, figureFileSmall=pGTg9ZoI8nI20zjYeIuocg==, figureFileBig=DBAFtbKeSMFdJc86k6GgdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161979649798796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=CN, label=图9, caption=方案5顶板竖向应力、竖向位移和塑性区分布云图, figureFileSmall=pGTg9ZoI8nI20zjYeIuocg==, figureFileBig=DBAFtbKeSMFdJc86k6GgdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161979712713357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Vertical stress, vertical displacement and plastic zone distribution cloud diagrams of the roof of scheme 6, figureFileSmall=KkhZjRvVRwTKEwlprLKlYw==, figureFileBig=bPphDo11c/f3iPpIA8iW1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161979784016527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=CN, label=图10, caption=方案6顶板竖向应力、竖向位移和塑性区分布云图, figureFileSmall=KkhZjRvVRwTKEwlprLKlYw==, figureFileBig=bPphDo11c/f3iPpIA8iW1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161979863708304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Vertical stress, vertical displacement and plastic zone distribution cloud diagrams of the roof of scheme 7, figureFileSmall=ewbG9mBbHDZfgs5WyGKlxA==, figureFileBig=Si2mQ7xOmSi5gnWJzWIEzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161979935011473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=CN, label=图11, caption=方案7顶板竖向应力、竖向位移和塑性区分布云图, figureFileSmall=ewbG9mBbHDZfgs5WyGKlxA==, figureFileBig=Si2mQ7xOmSi5gnWJzWIEzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161980002120338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Vertical stress, vertical displacement and plastic zone distribution cloud diagrams of the roof of scheme 8, figureFileSmall=NIAUpvt9oSfVoXecCqZ6gA==, figureFileBig=6IPH+U8RgYXjJnUmu+rlEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161980081812115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=CN, label=图12, caption=方案8顶板竖向应力、竖向位移和塑性区分布云图, figureFileSmall=NIAUpvt9oSfVoXecCqZ6gA==, figureFileBig=6IPH+U8RgYXjJnUmu+rlEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161980165698196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Vertical stress, vertical displacement and plastic zone distribution cloud diagrams of the roof of scheme 9, figureFileSmall=KSD3fKn0CHw20/0p6HSIDw==, figureFileBig=5d2Qqst2CYBQx4hTNoXJag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161980249584277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=CN, label=图13, caption=方案9顶板竖向应力、竖向位移和塑性区分布云图, figureFileSmall=KSD3fKn0CHw20/0p6HSIDw==, figureFileBig=5d2Qqst2CYBQx4hTNoXJag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161980316693142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Overall settlement curves of each scheme stope, figureFileSmall=JiFl+RHTwEfe/IhJBXewlg==, figureFileBig=YrzHk3vYVguNosG9rn7IPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161980396384919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=CN, label=图14, caption=各方案采场整体沉降曲线, figureFileSmall=JiFl+RHTwEfe/IhJBXewlg==, figureFileBig=YrzHk3vYVguNosG9rn7IPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161980471882392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Comprehensive satisfaction of each scheme, figureFileSmall=mbJ9xSxNdSMoQGCmbFFLvA==, figureFileBig=OYI7h1N2EJrjf6WRSKbuWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161982116049561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=CN, label=图15, caption=各方案综合满意度, figureFileSmall=mbJ9xSxNdSMoQGCmbFFLvA==, figureFileBig=OYI7h1N2EJrjf6WRSKbuWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161982229295770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Scheme of numerical simulation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案编号锚杆长度/m锚杆间排距/m锚固力/MPa
1000
22.40.8×0.817.5
32.40.8×0.820.0
44.40.8×0.817.5
54.40.8×0.820.0
62.41.2×1.217.5
72.41.2×1.220.0
84.41.2×1.217.5
94.41.2×1.220.0
), ArticleFig(id=1322161982321570459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

数值模拟方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案编号锚杆长度/m锚杆间排距/m锚固力/MPa
1000
22.40.8×0.817.5
32.40.8×0.820.0
44.40.8×0.817.5
54.40.8×0.820.0
62.41.2×1.217.5
72.41.2×1.220.0
84.41.2×1.217.5
94.41.2×1.220.0
), ArticleFig(id=1322161982409650844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mechanical parameters of ore and rock

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/(kg/m3)抗拉强度/MPa黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)弹性模量/GPa泊松比
3 9004.264.3150.719.690.22
), ArticleFig(id=1322161982497731229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

矿岩力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/(kg/m3)抗拉强度/MPa黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)弹性模量/GPa泊松比
3 9004.264.3150.719.690.22
), ArticleFig(id=1322161982606783134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Satisfaction of each evaluation index

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案编号顶板沉降量应力释放区高度塑性区面积锚杆总长度
沉降量/mm满意度高度/m满意度面积/m2满意度总长度/m满意度
251.1000.592 89540.666 66780.0002 8080.813 065
349.9540.640 90340.666 66770.3332 8080.813 065
443.4530.913 2426160.6675 1480.5
541.38216151.0005 1480.5
853.7520.481 79840.666 66760.6672 2701
952.4450.536 55140.666 66751.0002 2701
), ArticleFig(id=1322161982678086303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161907574887388, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各评价指标满意度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案编号顶板沉降量应力释放区高度塑性区面积锚杆总长度
沉降量/mm满意度高度/m满意度面积/m2满意度总长度/m满意度
251.1000.592 89540.666 66780.0002 8080.813 065
349.9540.640 90340.666 66770.3332 8080.813 065
443.4530.913 2426160.6675 1480.5
541.38216151.0005 1480.5
853.7520.481 79840.666 66760.6672 2701
952.4450.536 55140.666 66751.0002 2701
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富水破碎矿体高阶段采场顶板支护参数优化研究
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向伟华 1, 2 , 周涛 1, 2 , 王社光 1, 2 , 路燕泽 1, 2 , 甘德清 3, 4, 5 , 杨志强 1, 2 , 刘志义 3, 4, 5 , 王立杰 1, 2
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(9): 85-94
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (9) : 85 -94
富水破碎矿体高阶段采场顶板支护参数优化研究
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向伟华(1983—),男,湖南邵阳人,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事采矿工程管理方面的工作。E-mail:

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向伟华(1983—),男,湖南邵阳人,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事采矿工程管理方面的工作。E-mail:

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向伟华1, 2 , 周涛1, 2 , 王社光1, 2, 路燕泽1, 2, 甘德清3, 4, 5, 杨志强1, 2, 刘志义3, 4, 5, 王立杰1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.河北钢铁集团沙河中关铁矿有限公司,河北 邢台市 054100
  • 2.河北省复杂铁矿低碳智能高效开采技术创新中心,河北 邢台市 054100
  • 3.华北理工大学 矿业工程学院,河北 唐山市 063210
  • 4.华北理工大学 矿产资源绿色开发与生态修复协同创新中心,河北 唐山市 063210
  • 5.华北理工大学 河北省矿业开发与安全技术实验室,河北 唐山市 063210
通讯作者:
周涛(1985—),男,河北邢台人,高级工程师,主要从事采矿技术研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

向伟华(1983—),男,湖南邵阳人,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事采矿工程管理方面的工作。E-mail:

Study on Optimization of Roof Support Parameters in High Stage Stope of Water-Rich Broken Ore Body
Weihua XIANG1, 2 , Tao ZHOU1, 2 , Sheguang WANG1, 2, Yanze LU1, 2, Deqing GAN3, 4, 5, Zhiqiang YANG1, 2, Zhiyi LIU3, 4, 5, Lijie WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Shahe Zhongguan Iron Mine Co., Ltd., Hebei Iron and Steel Group, Xingtai, Hebei 054100 China
  • 2.Hebei Innovation Center of Complex Iron Ore Low Carbon Intelligent and Efficient Mining Technology, Xingtai, Hebei 054100 China
  • 3.College of Mining Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
  • 4.Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Development and Ecological Restoration of Mineral Resources, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
  • 5.Hebei Mining Development and Safety Technolegy Laboratory, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25
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为解决顶板支护参数取值不合理导致顶板失稳、材料浪费的难题,以中关铁矿北区采场为研究背景,进行支护参数优化研究。首先,基于悬吊理论和松动圈理论,并结合未支护时数值模拟结果,将塑性区作为松动圈判定依据,得出松动区厚度,进而得出锚杆长度为2.4~4.4 m;其次,根据岩体质量,设计锚杆间排距分别为0.8 m×0.8 m和1.2 m×1.2 m,锚杆长度分别为2.4 m和4.4 m,锚固力分别为17.5 MPa和20 MPa,采用FLAC3D软件建立回采模型,对比分析各方案顶板竖向应力、竖向位移、塑性区分布规律;最后,以模拟结果为基础,采用指标满意度法,选取顶板沉降量、应力释放区高度、塑性区面积以及锚杆总长度等指标,建立了综合考虑安全与经济效益的锚杆参数优选模型,计算得出综合满意度最高为0.899,确定锚杆间排距0.8 m×0.8 m、锚杆长度4.4 m、锚固力20 MPa为最优方案。模拟结果为该矿体锚杆参数的确定提供了理论支撑。

破碎矿体  /  高阶段采场  /  顶板支护  /  参数优化  /  数值模拟

In order to solve the problem of roof instability and material waste caused by unreasonable value of roof support parameters, the optimization of support parameters was studied based on the research background of the north stope of Zhongguan Iron Mine. Firstly, based on the suspension theory and the loose circle theory, combined with the numerical simulation results without support, the plastic zone was used as the basis for the determination of the loose circle, and the thickness of the loose zone was obtained, and then the length of the bolt was 2.4−4.4 m. Secondly, according to the quality of rock mass, the designed row spacing between bolts was 0.8 m×0.8 m and 1.2 m×1.2 m respectively, the length of bolts was 2.4 m and 4.4 m respectively, and the anchoring force was 17.5 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. The FLAC3D software was used to establish the mining model, and the vertical stress, vertical displacement and plastic zone distribution of the roof of each scheme were compared and analyzed. Finally, based on the simulation results, the index satisfaction method was used to select the roof settlement, the height of the stress release zone, the area of the plastic zone and the total length of the bolt, and the optimization model of the bolt parameters considering the safety and economic benefits was established. The highest comprehensive satisfaction is 0.899, and the optimal scheme is determined to be a row spacing between bolts of 0.8 m×0.8 m, bolt length of 4.4 m and anchoring force of 20 MPa. The simulation results provide theoretical support for the determination of the bolt parameters of the ore body.

Broken ore body  /  High stage stope  /  Roof support  /  Parameter optimization  /  Numerical simulation
向伟华, 周涛, 王社光, 路燕泽, 甘德清, 杨志强, 刘志义, 王立杰. 富水破碎矿体高阶段采场顶板支护参数优化研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (9) : 85 -94 .
Weihua XIANG, Tao ZHOU, Sheguang WANG, Yanze LU, Deqing GAN, Zhiqiang YANG, Zhiyi LIU, Lijie WANG. Study on Optimization of Roof Support Parameters in High Stage Stope of Water-Rich Broken Ore Body[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (9) : 85 -94 .
相对于其他采矿方法来说,阶段空场嗣后充填采矿法的适用范围、生产能力、作业环境以及矿产资源损失、贫化等方面具有较大的优越性,且随着国家推行绿色开采,该方法在国内多座矿山得到广泛运用[1-2]。但对破碎矿体而言,大断面往往会导致采场产生过大的变形,造成顶板冒落等安全问题,不利于采场稳定,需对采场采取相应的支护措施[3]。在采场顶板支护中,支护方式、支护参数的合理选择至关重要,影响着矿山安全生产和经济效益。如果支护方式和支护参数选择不合理,则会出现两种情况,一是支护强度偏高,不仅不能充分发挥材料的性能,造成资源浪费,增加支护成本,而且繁杂的支护施工过程还会减慢凿岩巷道掘进速度,影响生产进度;二是支护强度偏小,不能有效控制顶板围岩的变形,从而容易产生冒顶等事故,存在安全隐患。因此,针对采场顶板进行锚杆支护参数优化工作具有重要意义。
锚杆支护通过改变原岩应力分布来改变岩体变形,减少破坏。王子越等[4]认为锚杆预紧力较低时,浅部围岩存在大面积拉应力区,失去自承能力;随着锚杆预紧力的提高,围岩拉应力区逐渐减小,浅部围岩实现自稳,同时能有效支撑深部岩体。李建忠等[5]对不同预紧力、不同支护密度下的支护应力场和锚杆支护作用进行了研究,认为预应力场只占锚杆支护应力场的一小部分,但锚杆预紧力对锚杆支护应力场的产生及分布有极大的影响。影响锚杆支护的因素主要包括锚杆长度、支护密度、锚固力和围岩自身稳定性等。帅平等[6]基于围岩松动圈理论计算、分析巷道支护现状,认为巷道的变形破坏是由形成的围岩松动圈等级同支护参数间的不匹配所致。针对锚杆支护参数的优化,许多学者开展了相应研究[7-11]。刘乐枝等[12]采用FLAC3D软件模拟分析了不同支护密度下巷道围岩的受力与变形破坏特征,并得出了最佳支护方案。吕靖烨等[13]采用FLAC3D对不同锚杆长度、数量和预紧力支护下的巷道围岩稳定性进行了模拟研究,并得出了最佳支护方案。王立杰等[14]针对复杂破碎矽卡岩巷道开展了支护参数优化研究,利用FLAC3D确定了最佳锚杆长度和合理预紧力。张浩鑫等[15]利用数值模拟方法对比分析了近地表矿体在未支护与支护条件下采场顶板沉降量的变化,为类似矿体开采提供了一定的参考。
上述研究成果表明,松动圈的确定是支护设计的前提,锚杆支护受多因素交互作用。但上述成果大多基于巷道支护得出,对于高阶段大断面采场的支护研究相对较少。因此,本文根据松动圈理论和悬吊理论,并结合数值模型对锚杆最短长度进行计算;然后,对不同锚杆长度、锚杆间排距、锚固力支护的采场进行数值模拟研究,对比分析各支护参数对顶板稳定性的影响;最后,根据各指标满意度大小得出最佳支护参数。
在悬吊理论中[16],锚杆的支护原理是通过锚固作用将松动区内容易失稳的岩层悬吊在松动圈上部的稳定岩层,以增加松动区内的稳定性,如图1所示。对结构参数较大的采场,采场开挖使得应力重新分布,加之频繁的爆破扰动,导致其直接顶板呈现不同程度的沉降趋势。为防止采场沉降过大出现顶板冒落等安全问题,使用锚杆将直接顶板及时挤压,悬吊在稳定层中。对于岩体来说,影响悬吊作用的主要因素是所悬吊岩层的厚度,此时,锚杆长度可根据悬吊区域高度、稳定岩层内杆长和外露杆长来确定,锚杆长度计算公式如式(1)所示。
式中:L为锚杆总长度,m;L1为打入稳定岩层段长度,m;L2为围岩松动圈厚度,m;L3为锚杆外露长度,m。
深层岩石在未受到外力扰动时处于比较稳定的三向受压状态,当巷道进行开挖时,围岩受力状态会发生明显变化,这个过程伴随着围岩应力重分布,围岩内部应力重新调整之后,可能处于两种状态:一种是离巷道较远的岩石受到的影响较小,仍处于弹性状态;另一种是距巷道表面较近的围岩会在不平衡力的作用下产生不可逆的破碎变形,这部分围岩处于松动状态,形成的区域即松动圈。
在实际工作中,松动圈测量常基于已开挖巷道表面,利用超声波来预测其范围[17-18]。但在实际工作中,巷道属于小断面工程,该场景下的测量结果往往小于采场开采时大断面的实际值。在FLAC3D软件中,塑性区主要用于表示岩体在复杂应力状态下不可逆的塑性变形行为,这与松动圈理论中松动圈的概念一致,因此本文采用数值模拟方法获取松动圈厚度。但数值模拟中力学参数的确定是一个十分棘手的问题,不同网格、不同参数下塑性区结果差异很大,单纯地依赖室内岩石试验往往不具备代表性。因此,本次建立的数值模型在室内岩石力学试验的基础上,在确定网格尺寸的条件下,对该矿体同区域采场结构参数较小的稳定采场变形特征以及实测地应力数据进行参数反演,以提高松动区范围的合理性。
除上述原因外,不同采场结构参数下松动区范围也不同。因此,需对确定的结构参数进行开挖计算,得出其对应的松动区范围。当采场长度为60 m、宽度为18 m、高度为60 m时,采场塑性区分布云图如图2所示。该模型网格大小为2 m,L2大部分为2 m,中部为4 m。在进行锚杆支护时,L1一般为0.3~0.4 m,考虑该矿体为破碎矿体,取0.3 m。L3一般为0.1 m,将上述值代入式(1),得出L为2.4~4.4 m。
采场结构参数采用矿山岩体质量相对较好区域的实际参数:采场长度为60 m,宽度为18 m,高度为60 m。锚杆采用Φ20 mm左旋树脂锚杆,全长锚固,锚杆支护模型如图3所示。锚杆的悬吊作用除受岩层影响外,还受锚杆长度、锚杆间排距及锚固强度的影响。因此,本文通过改变锚杆长度、锚杆间排距、锚固力,对顶板最大位移量、应力和塑性区进行研究,数值模拟方案见表1。
考虑该矿体地质结构,选用FLAC3D内置命令流建模,采用标准六面体网格,网格渐变稀疏,最小网格长度为2 m,取x、y、z轴分别为矿体走向、倾向、高度,在模型走向方向建立矿房,模型长600 m,宽400 m,高500 m。模型施加底面和侧面法向位移约束,顶部施加均布荷载模拟采深。采用摩尔-库伦本构模型,结合前期力学试验及岩体质量评价结果[19]进行赋值,三维数值模型如图4所示。该矿体为极厚矿体且该盘区围岩均为矿体,因此,模型先按矿体参数赋值,再根据修正后的Hoek-Brown强度准则计算模拟力学参数,见表2。
锚杆对顶板的支护作用主要体现在顶板的应力、位移以及破坏程度,因此,选用顶板竖向应力、竖向位移和塑性区作为稳定性分析依据。考虑支护仅作用于采场顶板且顶板仅存在负向位移,为使云图更为直观,将数值云图切片设置为仅显示顶板部位,且将位移云图颜色标尺最小值设为0。
未对顶板进行支护(方案1)时,顶板竖向应力、竖向位移、塑性区分布云图如图5所示,采场顶板主要表现为拉应力,大小约为1.1 MPa,拉应力覆盖范围较大,存在极大的安全隐患。两帮与顶板交汇处附近产生压应力集中,呈“八字形”分布;顶板最大沉降量为65.235 mm,最大值分布在顶板表面,呈“半椭圆形”分布;两帮与顶板交汇处均发生过6 m深的剪切破坏。顶板主要表现为拉伸破坏,最深处约为4 m。
锚杆间排距为0.8 m×0.8 m、长度为2.4 m、锚固力为17.5 MPa(方案2)时,顶板竖向应力、竖向位移、塑性区分布云图如图6所示,应力释放区域位于顶板上部4 m处,顶板锚固位置表现为压应力集中。两帮与顶板交汇处附近产生的压应力集中程度降低;顶板最大沉降量为51.100 mm,最大值分布区域上移,沉降量较未支护时降低了21.67%;两帮与顶板交汇处上部均有不同程度的剪切破坏。顶板主要表现为剪切破坏,破坏宽度约为10 m,最深处约为2 m。
锚杆间排距为0.8 m×0.8 m、长度为2.4 m、锚固力为20 MPa(方案3)时,顶板竖向应力、竖向位移、塑性区分布云图如图7所示,应力释放区域位于顶板上部4 m处,顶板锚固位置表现为压应力集中,两帮与顶板交汇处附近产生的压应力集中程度降低;顶板最大沉降量为49.954 mm,最大值分布区域上移,沉降量较未支护时降低了23.42%;两帮与顶板交汇处仅存在单侧剪切破坏。顶板主要表现为剪切破坏,破坏宽度约为10 m,最深处约为2 m。
锚杆间排距为0.8 m×0.8 m、长度为4.4 m、锚固力为17.5 MPa(方案4)时,顶板竖向应力、竖向位移、塑性区分布云图如图8所示,应力释放区域位于顶板上部6 m处,顶板锚固位置及两帮与顶板交汇处表现为压应力集中;顶板最大沉降量为43.453 mm,最大值分布区域上移,沉降量较未支护时降低了33.39%;两帮与顶板交汇处不存在剪切破坏。顶板主要表现为剪切破坏,破坏宽度约为10 m,最深处约为4 m。
锚杆间排距为0.8 m×0.8 m、长度为4.4 m、锚固力为20 MPa(方案5)时,顶板竖向应力、竖向位移、塑性区分布云图如图9所示,应力释放区域位于顶板上部6 m处,顶板锚固位置及两帮与顶板交汇处表现为压应力集中;顶板最大沉降量为41.382 mm,最大值分布区域上移,沉降量较未支护时降低了36.56%;两帮与顶板交汇处不存在剪切破坏。顶板主要表现为剪切破坏,破坏宽度约为10 m,最深处约为2 m。
锚杆间排距为1.2 m×1.2 m、长度为2.4 m、锚固力为17.5 MPa(方案6)时,顶板竖向应力、竖向位移、塑性区分布云图如图10所示,应力释放区域位于顶板上部2 m处,顶板锚固位置基本处于初始地应力水平,两帮与顶板交汇处表现为压应力集中;顶板最大沉降量为57.211 mm,最大值分布区域呈“半圆形”,沉降量较未支护时降低了12.30%;两帮与顶板交汇处表现为不同程度的剪切破坏。顶板主要表现为拉伸破坏,破坏宽度约为6 m,最深处约为2 m。
锚杆间排距为1.2 m×1.2 m、长度为2.4 m、锚固力为20 MPa(方案7)时,顶板竖向应力、竖向位移、塑性区分布云图如图11所示,应力释放区域位于顶板上部2 m处,顶板锚固位置基本处于初始地应力水平,两帮与顶板交汇处表现为压应力集中;顶板最大沉降量为56.457 mm,最大值分布区域呈“半圆形”,沉降量较未支护时降低了13.46%;两帮与顶板交汇处表现为不同程度的剪切破坏。顶板主要表现为拉抻破坏,破坏宽度约为6 m,最深处约为2 m厚,其中纯拉伸破坏宽度约为2 m。
锚杆间排距为1.2 m×1.2 m、长度为4.4 m、锚固力为17.5 MPa(方案8)时,顶板竖向应力、竖向位移、塑性区分布云图如12所示,应力释放区域位于顶板上部4 m处,顶板锚固位置基本处于初始地应力水平,两帮与顶板交汇处表现为压应力集中;顶板最大沉降量为53.752 mm,最大值分布区域呈“半圆形”,沉降量较未支护时降低了17.60%;两帮与顶板交汇处表现为不同程度的剪切破坏。顶板主要表现为拉伸破坏,破坏宽度约为6 m,最深处约为2 m。
锚杆间排距为1.2 m×1.2 m、长度为4.4 m、锚固力为20 MPa(方案9)时,顶板竖向应力、竖向位移、塑性区分布云图如13所示,应力释放区域位于顶板上部4 m处,顶板锚固位置基本处于初始地应力水平,两帮与顶板交汇处表现为压应力集中;顶板最大沉降量为52.445 mm,最大值分布区域呈“半圆形”,沉降量较未支护时降低了19.61%;两帮与顶板交汇处表现为不同程度的剪切破坏。顶板主要表现为拉剪破坏,破坏宽度约为6 m,最深处约为2 m,其中纯拉伸破坏宽度约为2 m。
为观测采场顶板的整体沉降情况,在采场长度方向和宽度方向沉降最大值处分别布置测线,提取各方案采场整体沉降曲线,如图14所示。由图14可知,对顶板进行支护可以有效控制顶板的沉降,各方案沉降曲线变化趋势相近,均呈先增大后减小趋势;采用方案3、方案4、方案5进行支护后,顶板沉降量基本控制在50 mm以内。采用方案2、方案6、方案7、方案8、方案9进行支护后,顶板沉降量基本大于50 mm,应用时可加大对该区域的监测和管理。观察相邻方案沉降曲线可知,增加锚固力对顶板的控制效果不明显,随着锚杆间排距减小、锚杆长度的增加,锚固力对顶板的控制效果逐渐增加。依据顶板控制效果,将方案分为5类,其控制效果从差到好依次为:未支护、低支护密度短杆、低支护密度长杆、高支护密度短杆、高支护密度长杆,其中低支护密度长杆与高支护密度短杆控制效果相近。结合岩体极限容许位移判据(50 mm),初步确定支护方案为:方案2、方案3、方案4、方案5、方案8、方案9。
对上文选定的6种支护方案中顶板沉降量、应力释放区位置、塑性区面积等进行安全指标满意度评价。然而,在支护过程中,除了安全外,支护成本也是极为重要的一部分,引入锚杆总长度作为模型的成本指标,可得模糊矩阵R:
由于安全指标和成本指标均以较小值为优,使用式(3)计算指标满意度,在对位移指标进行满意度计算时,以未支护时的顶板沉降量作为位移的最大值。在对锚杆长度指标进行满意度计算时,以矿山现行支护方式(锚杆、锚索联合支护)的总长度为最大值,本次计算总长取10 000 m,各指标满意度见表3。
式中:为第i个指标的第j个方案的满意度;ximax为第i个指标所能接受的最大值;xij为第i个指标的第j个方案的原始值;ximin为各方案中第i个指标的最小值。
变异系数法依据指标值变化区间的大小,其原则是使各指标权重保持最大离散度,变化区间较小的指标赋予较小的权重,变化区间较大的指标赋予较大的权重。本文采用变异系数法计算各指标的权重,采用式(4)、式(5)计算各指标满意度的平均值ui和标准差si,取其比值作为各指标权重w。
式中,n为第i个指标中的方案总数。
通过式(6)计算各指标变异系数,并进行归一化处理,即为各指标的权重w。
依据模糊关系矩阵综合评判法(计算公式见式(7)),得到指标的综合满意度,如图15所示。各方案综合满意度大小排序依次为:方案5>方案9>方案4>方案8>方案3>方案2,综合各方案顶板竖向应力、顶板竖向位移云图以及综合满意度,确定最佳支护参数为锚杆间排距0.8 m×0.8 m、锚杆长度4.4 m、锚固力20 MPa。
式中,ri为方案i的综合满意度。
本文基于松动圈理论与悬吊理论,结合数值模拟方法,对中关铁矿北区采场顶板支护参数进行了设计与优化,得出的主要结论如下。
(1)当采场长度为60 m、宽度为18 m、高度为60 m时,顶板松动区厚度为2~4 m,结合锚杆长度计算公式得出锚杆长度为2.4~4.4 m。
(2)锚杆支护可以改变顶板的应力分布,使顶板锚固位置处于地应力水平或产生应力集中区;使应力释放区向上平移远离顶板,减少顶板破坏区发展,以保持顶板的稳定。
(3)基于指标满意度法,建立了综合考虑安全与经济效益的锚杆支护参数优选模型,计算得出综合满意度最高的支护参数为:锚杆间排距0.8 m×0.8 m、锚杆长度4.4 m、锚固力20 MPa。

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2025年第45卷第9期
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  • 接收时间:2024-11-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-01
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    1.河北钢铁集团沙河中关铁矿有限公司,河北 邢台市 054100
    2.河北省复杂铁矿低碳智能高效开采技术创新中心,河北 邢台市 054100
    3.华北理工大学 矿业工程学院,河北 唐山市 063210
    4.华北理工大学 矿产资源绿色开发与生态修复协同创新中心,河北 唐山市 063210
    5.华北理工大学 河北省矿业开发与安全技术实验室,河北 唐山市 063210

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周涛(1985—),男,河北邢台人,高级工程师,主要从事采矿技术研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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