Article(id=1322161863350137677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322161751467078485, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729440000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793157552801, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793157552801, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793157552801, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793157552801, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322161751467078485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='314', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1758729600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793157526127, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158877659, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322167420266074322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322161751467078485, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322167420266074323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322161751467078485, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=146, endPage=157, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322161863564047182, articleId=1322161863350137677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Improvement and Verification of Shear Strength Criterion for Non-Persistent Jointed Rock Mass Under Freeze-Thaw Cycles, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The engineering stability of jointed rock masses in cold regions is often affected by freeze-thaw cycles damage, which leads to geological hazards. The core control factor is the deterioration of shear strength of rock mass. In response to the engineering background of the coupled effects of freeze-thaw cycles and shear loads faced by jointed rock masses in cold regions, existing methods for calculating the shear strength of freeze-thaw joints have certain deviations. Therefore, a modified shear strength criterion was proposed that accounts for the strength degradation of jointed rock mass under freeze-thaw cycles. A systematic experimental study on freeze-thaw-shear coupling was conducted using similar material simulation methods. Based on direct shear test results of freeze-thaw joints, the degradation mechanism of rock bridges under freeze-thaw-shear coupling action was revealed as follows. The shear strength of non-persistent jointed rock mass consists of three components, including the shear strength of non-degraded rock bridges, the shear strength of degraded rock bridges, and the shear strength of the joint surfaces. A coupled damage model for rock bridges was established with shear modulus as the variable, achieving quantitative characterization of the degradation behavior of rock bridges. Building upon this foundation, the modified Jennings shear strength criterion demonstrates the following advantages: the mean relative error between theoretical predictions and test results is merely 3.28%, representing a significant improvement in prediction accuracy compared to the original Jennings criterion. This modified criterion effectively captures the strength characteristics of non-persistent jointed rock mass under freeze-thaw action, thereby providing a reliable theoretical basis for studying the freeze-thaw damage mechanisms and safety protection of jointed rock masses in cold regions.

, authors=Yaoping ZHANG1, 2, Chunqi LAI1, Daxing LEI2, Bo LIU2, Xionggang ZOU2, authorsList=Yaoping ZHANG, Chunqi LAI, Daxing LEI, Bo LIU, Xionggang ZOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chunqi LAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322161868832093049, articleId=1322161863350137677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=冻融循环下非贯通节理岩体抗剪强度准则的改进与验证, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

寒区节理岩体的工程稳定性常受冻融循环损伤作用影响而引发地质灾害,其核心控制因素为岩体抗剪强度的劣化。针对寒区节理岩体面临的冻融循环和剪切荷载耦合作用的工程背景,现有冻融节理抗剪强度计算方法存在一定偏差。为此,提出一种考虑冻融循环下节理岩体强度弱化的修正抗剪强度准则。通过相似材料试验方法,系统开展了冻融循环-剪切耦合试验研究。基于冻融节理直剪试验结果,揭示了岩桥在冻融–剪切耦合作用下的弱化机制:非贯通节理岩体的抗剪强度均由非弱化区岩桥的抗剪强度、弱化区岩桥的抗剪强度以及节理面的抗剪强度3部分共同组成。建立了以剪切模量为变量的岩桥耦合损伤模型,实现了岩桥弱化规律的定量表征。在此基础上提出的修正Jennings抗剪强度准则具有以下优势:理论预测值与试验结果的平均相对误差仅为3.28%,较修正前的Jennings准则显著提高了预测精度,能准确反映冻融作用下非贯通节理岩体的强度特性,为研究寒区节理岩体的冻融损伤机理及其安全防护提供了可靠的理论依据。

, authors=张耀平1, 2, 赖春奇1, 雷大星2, 刘波2, 邹雄刚2, authorsList=张耀平, 赖春奇, 雷大星, 刘波, 邹雄刚, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赖春奇, authorNote=

张耀平(1974—),男,江西赣州人,博士,教授,主要从事岩石力学、采矿工艺等方面的研究。E-mail:

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赖春奇(1999—),男,江西九江人,硕士研究生,主要从事岩石力学与工程方向的研究。E-mail:
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Study of mechanical model for weakening process of discontinuous joint rock bridge[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2010, 29(8): 1538-1546., articleTitle=Study of mechanical model for weakening process of discontinuous joint rock bridge, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322162046582501516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161863350137677, awardId=GJJ218511, language=CN, fundingSource=江西省教育厅科技项目(GJJ218511), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322162037992566864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161863350137677, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322162038000955473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161863350137677, companyId=1322162037992566864, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China), 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companyId=1322162038147756115, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.赣南科技学院 资源与土木工程学院,江西 赣州市 341000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322162042648244346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161863350137677, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Non-persistent jointed rock mass specimens, figureFileSmall=P6CYgz75puytlfo2/P5QUw==, figureFileBig=gP1B0HFJizLOL0yDXj053g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162042904096891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161863350137677, language=CN, label=图1, caption=非贯通节理岩体试样, figureFileSmall=P6CYgz75puytlfo2/P5QUw==, figureFileBig=gP1B0HFJizLOL0yDXj053g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162043067674748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161863350137677, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Surface macro and internal micro freeze-thaw damage of jointed specimens, figureFileSmall=OwJ3iePKKIcOdFsZeXSlbg==, figureFileBig=DKr52YL3At4HeYn96N/Ygw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162043185115261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161863350137677, language=CN, label=图2, caption=节理试样表面宏观和内部微观冻融损伤, figureFileSmall=OwJ3iePKKIcOdFsZeXSlbg==, figureFileBig=DKr52YL3At4HeYn96N/Ygw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162043252224126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161863350137677, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Comparison between calculated values of Jennings shear strength and test values of jointed specimens when λ=20%, figureFileSmall=PjvaNb6c8KK/5bxL97izTQ==, figureFileBig=g8qvMN86nGsnTy9uJ3Ss1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162043453550719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161863350137677, language=CN, label=图3, caption=λ=20%节理试样的Jennings抗剪强度准则计算值与试验值对比, figureFileSmall=PjvaNb6c8KK/5bxL97izTQ==, figureFileBig=g8qvMN86nGsnTy9uJ3Ss1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162043558408320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161863350137677, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Weakening evolution process of jointed specimens under freeze-thaw-shear coupling action, figureFileSmall=J2Hm6MGVbaSB9tZ+VF5dIQ==, figureFileBig=STAq9LwBTNHvj+KEyYwDUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162043642294401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161863350137677, language=CN, label=图4, caption=节理岩样冻融–剪切耦合作用下弱化演化过程, figureFileSmall=J2Hm6MGVbaSB9tZ+VF5dIQ==, figureFileBig=STAq9LwBTNHvj+KEyYwDUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162043717791874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161863350137677, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Comparison of peak shear strength test results and theoretical calculation results of jointed rock specimens when λ=30%, figureFileSmall=UqRHGSy3JzWsYc/KjrJ/Xg==, figureFileBig=uT+PzRttM0ti18PNqYxkYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162043864592515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161863350137677, language=CN, label=图5, caption=λ=30%节理岩样峰值剪切强度试验结果与理论计算结果对比, figureFileSmall=UqRHGSy3JzWsYc/KjrJ/Xg==, figureFileBig=uT+PzRttM0ti18PNqYxkYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162045601034372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161863350137677, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Comparison of peak shear strength test results and theoretical calculation results of jointed specimens when λ=40%, figureFileSmall=XXZm1cj8+7/w44OPo8SWCg==, figureFileBig=tnalXAsiB1Hc1kA8If/ggg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162045714280581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161863350137677, language=CN, label=图6, caption=λ=40%节理岩样峰值剪切强度试验结果与理论计算结果对比, figureFileSmall=XXZm1cj8+7/w44OPo8SWCg==, figureFileBig=tnalXAsiB1Hc1kA8If/ggg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162045961744518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161863350137677, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Shear strength of joint specimens before and after freezing and thawing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
λ/%法向应力/MPa不同冻融循环次数下的抗剪强度/MPa
0次10次20次30次40次
00.54.224.033.863.673.54
1.05.064.814.654.514.37
1.55.885.605.235.044.71
2.06.386.065.695.395.02
2.57.226.956.606.285.91
200.53.983.012.782.382.26
1.04.783.343.022.752.64
1.55.623.793.743.243.08
2.06.104.684.383.923.55
2.56.985.234.934.474.10
300.53.652.642.542.292.18
1.04.322.982.862.682.53
1.54.953.603.323.163.09
2.05.614.374.163.943.80
2.56.425.144.674.424.12
400.53.562.061.981.911.84
1.04.262.372.252.152.08
1.54.862.722.542.442.36
2.05.493.192.962.782.60
2.55.953.523.383.213.04
), ArticleFig(id=1322162046129516679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161863350137677, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

节理试样冻融前后抗剪强度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
λ/%法向应力/MPa不同冻融循环次数下的抗剪强度/MPa
0次10次20次30次40次
00.54.224.033.863.673.54
1.05.064.814.654.514.37
1.55.885.605.235.044.71
2.06.386.065.695.395.02
2.57.226.956.606.285.91
200.53.983.012.782.382.26
1.04.783.343.022.752.64
1.55.623.793.743.243.08
2.06.104.684.383.923.55
2.56.985.234.934.474.10
300.53.652.642.542.292.18
1.04.322.982.862.682.53
1.54.953.603.323.163.09
2.05.614.374.163.943.80
2.56.425.144.674.424.12
400.53.562.061.981.911.84
1.04.262.372.252.152.08
1.54.862.722.542.442.36
2.05.493.192.962.782.60
2.55.953.523.383.213.04
), ArticleFig(id=1322162046209208456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161863350137677, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Shear deformation parameters of freeze-thaw jointed specimens

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
λ/%冻融循环次数nu0/mmuf/mmm峰值剪切位移/mm
2000.122.741.822.88
100.132.271.902.36
200.142.082.162.28
300.162.032.282.23
400.191.973.042.15
3000.152.631.862.67
100.172.141.952.19
200.182.032.202.16
300.202.012.362.09
400.211.913.092.06
4000.162.551.912.63
100.182.061.992.11
200.191.962.232.07
300.221.932.392.05
400.231.903.271.98
), ArticleFig(id=1322162046272123017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161863350137677, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

冻融节理试样剪切变形参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
λ/%冻融循环次数nu0/mmuf/mmm峰值剪切位移/mm
2000.122.741.822.88
100.132.271.902.36
200.142.082.162.28
300.162.032.282.23
400.191.973.042.15
3000.152.631.862.67
100.172.141.952.19
200.182.032.202.16
300.202.012.362.09
400.211.913.092.06
4000.162.551.912.63
100.182.061.992.11
200.191.962.232.07
300.221.932.392.05
400.231.903.271.98
), ArticleFig(id=1322162046339231882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161863350137677, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparative analysis of shear strength calculation values and test results of specimens under 20 freeze-thaw cycles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
λ/%法向应力/MPa峰值抗剪强度/MPa相对误差/%
式(6)式(10)式(6)式(10)
200.53.222.7415.821.07
1.03.773.2418.765.86
1.54.323.7415.501.06
2.04.874.2412.483.01
2.55.424.7410.613.66
300.53.052.3221.516.37
1.03.732.9248.033.14
1.54.453.5232.156.02
2.05.154.1222.610.96
2.55.854.7224.520.63
400.52.901.9045.714.04
1.03.552.2951.441.78
1.54.152.6861.205.51
2.04.83.0762.164.06
2.55.453.4660.072.05
), ArticleFig(id=1322162046414729355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161863350137677, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

冻融20次试样剪切强度计算值与试验结果对比分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
λ/%法向应力/MPa峰值抗剪强度/MPa相对误差/%
式(6)式(10)式(6)式(10)
200.53.222.7415.821.07
1.03.773.2418.765.86
1.54.323.7415.501.06
2.04.874.2412.483.01
2.55.424.7410.613.66
300.53.052.3221.516.37
1.03.732.9248.033.14
1.54.453.5232.156.02
2.05.154.1222.610.96
2.55.854.7224.520.63
400.52.901.9045.714.04
1.03.552.2951.441.78
1.54.152.6861.205.51
2.04.83.0762.164.06
2.55.453.4660.072.05
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冻融循环下非贯通节理岩体抗剪强度准则的改进与验证
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张耀平 1, 2 , 赖春奇 1 , 雷大星 2 , 刘波 2 , 邹雄刚 2
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(9): 146-157
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (9) : 146 -157
冻融循环下非贯通节理岩体抗剪强度准则的改进与验证
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张耀平(1974—),男,江西赣州人,博士,教授,主要从事岩石力学、采矿工艺等方面的研究。E-mail:

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张耀平1, 2 , 赖春奇1 , 雷大星2, 刘波2, 邹雄刚2
作者信息
  • 1.江西理工大学 资源与环境工程学院,江西 赣州市 341000
  • 2.赣南科技学院 资源与土木工程学院,江西 赣州市 341000
通讯作者:
赖春奇(1999—),男,江西九江人,硕士研究生,主要从事岩石力学与工程方向的研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

张耀平(1974—),男,江西赣州人,博士,教授,主要从事岩石力学、采矿工艺等方面的研究。E-mail:

Improvement and Verification of Shear Strength Criterion for Non-Persistent Jointed Rock Mass Under Freeze-Thaw Cycles
Yaoping ZHANG1, 2 , Chunqi LAI1 , Daxing LEI2, Bo LIU2, Xionggang ZOU2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
  • 2.School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Gannan University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25
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寒区节理岩体的工程稳定性常受冻融循环损伤作用影响而引发地质灾害,其核心控制因素为岩体抗剪强度的劣化。针对寒区节理岩体面临的冻融循环和剪切荷载耦合作用的工程背景,现有冻融节理抗剪强度计算方法存在一定偏差。为此,提出一种考虑冻融循环下节理岩体强度弱化的修正抗剪强度准则。通过相似材料试验方法,系统开展了冻融循环-剪切耦合试验研究。基于冻融节理直剪试验结果,揭示了岩桥在冻融–剪切耦合作用下的弱化机制:非贯通节理岩体的抗剪强度均由非弱化区岩桥的抗剪强度、弱化区岩桥的抗剪强度以及节理面的抗剪强度3部分共同组成。建立了以剪切模量为变量的岩桥耦合损伤模型,实现了岩桥弱化规律的定量表征。在此基础上提出的修正Jennings抗剪强度准则具有以下优势:理论预测值与试验结果的平均相对误差仅为3.28%,较修正前的Jennings准则显著提高了预测精度,能准确反映冻融作用下非贯通节理岩体的强度特性,为研究寒区节理岩体的冻融损伤机理及其安全防护提供了可靠的理论依据。

冻融循环  /  非贯通节理  /  耦合损伤模型  /  Jennings抗剪强度准则  /  弱化机理

The engineering stability of jointed rock masses in cold regions is often affected by freeze-thaw cycles damage, which leads to geological hazards. The core control factor is the deterioration of shear strength of rock mass. In response to the engineering background of the coupled effects of freeze-thaw cycles and shear loads faced by jointed rock masses in cold regions, existing methods for calculating the shear strength of freeze-thaw joints have certain deviations. Therefore, a modified shear strength criterion was proposed that accounts for the strength degradation of jointed rock mass under freeze-thaw cycles. A systematic experimental study on freeze-thaw-shear coupling was conducted using similar material simulation methods. Based on direct shear test results of freeze-thaw joints, the degradation mechanism of rock bridges under freeze-thaw-shear coupling action was revealed as follows. The shear strength of non-persistent jointed rock mass consists of three components, including the shear strength of non-degraded rock bridges, the shear strength of degraded rock bridges, and the shear strength of the joint surfaces. A coupled damage model for rock bridges was established with shear modulus as the variable, achieving quantitative characterization of the degradation behavior of rock bridges. Building upon this foundation, the modified Jennings shear strength criterion demonstrates the following advantages: the mean relative error between theoretical predictions and test results is merely 3.28%, representing a significant improvement in prediction accuracy compared to the original Jennings criterion. This modified criterion effectively captures the strength characteristics of non-persistent jointed rock mass under freeze-thaw action, thereby providing a reliable theoretical basis for studying the freeze-thaw damage mechanisms and safety protection of jointed rock masses in cold regions.

Freeze-thaw cycle  /  Non-persistent joint  /  Coupled damage model  /  Jennings shear strength criterion  /  Degradation mechanism
张耀平, 赖春奇, 雷大星, 刘波, 邹雄刚. 冻融循环下非贯通节理岩体抗剪强度准则的改进与验证. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (9) : 146 -157 .
Yaoping ZHANG, Chunqi LAI, Daxing LEI, Bo LIU, Xionggang ZOU. Improvement and Verification of Shear Strength Criterion for Non-Persistent Jointed Rock Mass Under Freeze-Thaw Cycles[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (9) : 146 -157 .
节理岩体广泛存在于寒区边坡、公路及露天矿中,而非贯通节理的力学性质是影响节理岩体稳定性的重要因素之一;同时,冻融损伤作用会加剧岩体的不稳定性,从而可能诱发岩体失稳,造成重大安全事故[1-3]。常规寒区节理岩体中,岩桥的破坏模式及抗剪强度特性很大程度上受节理连通率和冻融渐进损伤程度的共同控制[4-7]。因此,研究冻融循环下非贯通节理岩体的抗剪强度弱化机理和计算准则,在理论上和工程上都具有重要意义。
目前,已有许多学者开展了大量关于冻融节理岩体的研究[8-10],并取得了丰富的成果。岩体节理面的扩展情况是控制岩体强度的主要因素,寒区环境下的各类节理岩体破坏大多数沿软弱节理面发生[11-12]。当前,研究节理岩体细观冻融-受荷损伤特性的常用方法是将传统损伤力学引入冻融损伤领域,并与外部荷载产生的宏细观损伤相结合。例如:ZHANG等[13-14]基于节理岩石的非均匀性及其微元强度服从Weibull分布的特点,结合不同数学模型,建立了岩石在冻融-常规三轴压缩荷载耦合作用下的损伤本构模型。TAN等[15-16]将损伤理论方法应用于冻融损伤场,分析了冻融损伤与岩石试样应变软化的相关规律。LI等[17]从冻融条件角度出发,研究节理岩体力学性能的演化损伤模型,验证岩体强度弱化趋势。JIA等[18-20]则基于节理岩石内部微观结构特性,从细观角度推导了裂隙岩体在耦合作用下的损伤模型,并用于计算岩体强度。
BAYRAM F[21]基于冻融循环和压缩试验结果,结合细观演化过程,建立了岩石试样在冻融-压缩耦合作用下的强度损伤演化模型,并计算了特殊工况下的岩石抗压强度。刘新喜等[22]运用Lemaitre应变等效原理,推导出岩石冻融-受荷损伤耦合数学模型,构建了冻融压缩条件下的损伤耦合模型,并通过试验数据验证了模型的适用性。YAN Zelin等[23]从岩石多尺度损伤变量角度进行研究,发现冻融与荷载耦合本质上是多损伤变量的耦合过程,且冻胀产生的宏观裂纹源于细观冻融损伤微裂纹的渐进演化。申艳军等[24-25]通过裂隙岩体冻融循环试验,综合损伤理论和岩体宏观损伤特性,建立了裂隙岩体冻融-单轴压缩损伤模型,证实了冻融与荷载耦合损伤会显著弱化岩体强度。
上述研究成果表明,冻融-外荷载耦合作用对节理岩体的损伤呈现渐进性特征,且损伤主要集中于岩桥区域。定量分析冻融循环条件下岩桥强度弱化规律是准确预测节理岩体抗剪强度的关键。然而,目前关于冻融节理岩体剪切荷载下强度弱化规律的定量研究仍较为缺乏。因此,基于冻融–剪切耦合作用对节理岩体的弱化机理,建立非贯通节理岩体的抗剪强度准则,已成为寒区地质灾害防治与工程安全建设的迫切需求。
综上所述,本文基于Jennings提出的抗剪强度准则,并结合冻融–剪切耦合作用下节理岩体损伤模型,得出冻融循环和剪切荷载与岩桥部分弱化程度的定量关系,提出岩桥弱化力学模型,最终推导出考虑冻融循环影响的修正Jennings抗剪强度准则公式,并预测寒区非贯通节理岩体长期抗剪强度,为保障寒区资源开发工程和地质灾害防治提供可靠依据。
由于天然节理试样制备难度较大,本文采用相似材料模拟方法制备不同连通率的非贯通节理试样。试样材料选用水泥、细砂和水配制而成,其力学特性模拟砂岩强度,具体材料配比及力学参数详见参考文献[26]。试样为100 mm×100 mm×100 mm(长×宽×高)的立方体,节理面位于试样中部且沿深度方向不完全贯通。试验设计了3种不同连通率的节理试样(中间为节理段,两侧为岩桥段,如图1所示),以节理横向宽度与试样总宽度的百分数比定义节理连通率λ,试验选取的节理连通率分别为20%、30%、40%。
节理试样在冻融试验前进行饱水处理,完整的冻融试验在自动低温循环箱中完成,冻融循环试验具体过程详见参考文献[26]。试样完成冻融试验后,依次在0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5 MPa五级法向应力下进行直剪试验。直剪试验采用常法向荷载控制模式:首先以5.0 kN/min速率施加法向荷载至预定法向荷载值;随后以1 mm/min剪切速率施加切向荷载,当剪切应力–剪切位移曲线超过峰值且切向位移达到20 mm时停止加载。试验全程自动采集剪切应力–剪切位移曲线,具体试验过程见文献[26]和文献[27]。
根据前期研究[28-29],由于岩石节理试样的特殊结构,冻融循环作用会导致节理表面及内部出现不同程度的损伤,试样完整性遭到破坏,岩桥强度明显劣化,进而影响节理峰值抗剪强度。Jennings抗剪强度准则是目前估算非贯通节理岩体抗剪强度的常用方法,其基于岩桥与节理破坏均遵循Mohr-Coulomb准则的假设,通过加权平均计算非贯通节理岩体的峰值抗剪强度。因此,本文采用Jennings抗剪强度准则,分析冻融前后非贯通节理岩体峰值抗剪强度的变化规律。
节理试样表面宏观和内部微观冻融损伤分布特征如图2所示。图2(a)、图2(b)展示了λ=20%的节理试样在经历20次冻融循环后的表面和内部损伤分布特征。冻胀裂纹主要沿节理尖端发育扩展,呈明显的曲线形态。内部损伤以微细裂纹为主,各级裂纹相互连通且延伸范围较广,主裂纹周围也发育出形态各异的次生裂纹。由于节理试样内部空间相对狭小,冻融过程中产生的冻胀力相对较低,故内部损伤以微细裂纹为主。图2(c)、图2(d)为λ=30%试样的损伤形态。此时表面裂纹已从节理尖端向两侧扩展至完全贯通状态,裂纹整体曲率较低。内部损伤仍以多级微细裂纹为主,但分布更密集且存在交叉连通现象,内部岩石结构呈现碎裂趋势。随着冻融作用导致试样内部空间增大,冻胀力水平明显上升,使得内部损伤程度较20%贯通率试样更为显著。
图2(e)、图2(f)展示了λ=40%试样的损伤特征。表面裂纹主要沿节理尖端发展,且裂纹扩展趋势更加平滑。内部裂纹已发育为较宽的主裂纹且在截面内呈贯通状态,同时逐渐向外延伸形成宏观裂纹。由于节理试样内部空间较大,冻胀力峰值显著提高,导致冻胀损伤更为显著。随着冻融循环的持续累积,内部和外部冻胀裂纹最终贯通,其形态与宏观损伤特征一致。
综上所述,不同节理长度试样经历冻融循环作用后,其外部宏观损伤特征和内部细观损伤特性存在明显差异。具体表现为:当节理连通率为20%时,试样内部冻胀力水平相对较低,冻融损伤程度相对较弱;当节理连通率为30%和40%时,节理内部冻胀力显著增大,致使内部细微裂纹扩展并相互贯通,对节理试样造成显著损伤。
根据直剪试验结果,冻融后节理试样在不同法向应力下的峰值剪切强度数据见表1,其中λ=0代表完整试样,n=0表示未经冻融的节理试样。
试验结果表明,3组不同连通率节理试样在不同法向应力下的峰值剪切强度随冻融循环次数的增加呈指数型降低趋势。以λ=30%节理试样为例,在1 MPa法向应力作用下,与冻融0次相比,冻融10次、20次、30次、40次后,其峰值剪切强度分别下降了31.02%、33.80%、37.96%、41.44%。其他连通率试样也呈现相似规律,即冻融循环初期(0~10次),强度劣化最为显著,后期(10~40次)强度劣化速率减缓并最终趋于稳定。冻融作用对节理试样剪切强度的损伤主要发生在循环初期,后期影响逐步减弱。
以λ=20%节理试样为例,基于Jennings抗剪强度准则计算不同冻融循环次数下非贯通节理岩体峰值抗剪强度,并与试验结果进行对比,对比结果如图3所示。由图3可知:
(1)不同冻融循环次数下,节理连通率试样的Jennings准则计算值均显著高于试验实测值;
(2)随着冻融循环次数的增加,Jennings抗剪强度准则计算值与试验实测值的差异逐渐增大,这是由于冻融作用对岩桥的累积损伤效应加剧,节理试样剪切强度显著降低。
针对冻融循环下的节理岩体,虽然Jennings抗剪强度准则充分考虑了岩桥和节理的强度差异,使其分析方法更为贴近工程实际且应用范围更为广泛,但是传统的Jennings抗剪强度准则在分析冻融节理岩体的剪切力学特性时,未能反映冻融和剪切耦合损伤对抗剪强度的弱化效应,导致基于Jennings抗剪强度准则计算的冻融节理岩体抗剪强度理论值普遍高于实测结果。因此,有必要对Jennings抗剪强度准则进行修正,通过引入冻融–剪切耦合作用对岩桥强度的损伤因子,建立适用于冻融循环作用的非贯通节理岩体广义剪切强度计算方法。
基于前期冻融循环试验研究[26-27],岩体损伤演化呈现以下特征规律:(1)冻胀作用对岩桥的损伤呈不均匀分布,损伤集中在非贯通节理岩体两侧的岩桥中间区域;(2)随着冻融循环次数的增加,岩桥损伤呈现渐进扩展特征,冻胀裂纹由岩桥内部向外围逐渐发育;(3)直剪试验过程中岩桥经历渐进破坏,细观尺度下微裂纹(主要为张拉型)持续累积,最终形成宏观贯通剪切带。因此,在冻融–剪切耦合作用下,岩桥内部微元逐渐破坏,岩桥力学特性也逐渐弱化,岩桥强度在剪切-冻融耦合作用下逐渐弱化(见图4)。
定义节理岩体的整体弱化系数k为试样中剪切破坏的微元总数Nt与总微元数N之比,而节理岩桥微元数量与岩桥微元最小主应力σ3相关[30],因此弱化程度可表示为以σ3为变量的函数:
式中,σ0和m为Weibull分布参数,是表征岩石试样中岩桥力学性能特征的常数。
当非贯通节理岩体的渐进破坏仅受直剪作用影响时,岩桥弱化系数k可简化为破坏微元数量Nt与岩桥微元总数N的比值:
根据上述理论推导,岩桥强度弱化的细观机理可定量表征为Nt与N的比值,这与冻融–剪切耦合损伤的物理本质完全吻合,二者均反映了特定环境荷载条件下岩体内部损伤微元的累积演化过程。
同时,唐志成等[31]、夏才初等[32]基于节理岩体剪切过程中岩桥微元应力状态演化特征,结合岩样整体剪切位移与节理面局部滑移位移的耦合关系,建立了以剪切位移为控制变量的岩桥弱化程度η计算公式:
式中:u为节理岩样在剪切作用下的切向位移;u0为剪切过程中节理面的切向滑移位移;uf为峰值剪切强度对应的切向位移。
因此,根据团队前期对于冻融岩体损伤的研究结论可得[28],节理岩石试样的冻融损伤和剪切损伤均为内部微元破坏导致的结果,并且节理岩石试样冻融剪切总损伤Dm包含岩桥损伤和节理损伤两部分。同时,结合节理试样冻融试验可得,由于节理的特殊结构,冻融循环导致的损伤主要集中在两侧岩桥,中间节理的损伤程度较低;同理,剪切试验过程中主要是岩桥部分发挥了抗剪作用,节理的抗剪作用较为微弱。
综上所述,节理岩石试样在冻融–剪切作用下岩桥的弱化程度η、k与冻融剪切总损伤变量Dm三者完全等价,而Dm的数学表达式为[29]:
式中:G0为完整岩石冻融循环前的剪切模量;Gn为完整岩石冻融循环n次后的有效剪切模量;Dt为岩石冻融剪切耦合后的总损伤量;Gj为节理岩体等效剪切模量;Gc为基准损伤状态完整岩石剪切模量;F0为函数分布参数;ε为岩石试样在剪切荷载作用下产生的应变。
在节理岩样剪切过程中,节理面的初始切向滑移位移主要表现为节理面间各类粗糙体的接触、摩擦、咬合渐进演化过程,对岩桥强度的弱化程度非常有限。根据k、η与Dm等价的原则,结合剪切过程中节理面切向滑移位移及峰值点位移,基于节理岩体在剪切荷载作用下的损伤演化方程和胡克定律,对公式两边取对数后,即可求得不同岩桥弱化程度对应的影响参数m。因此,计算公式经变换后可得[29]:
式中:G为完整岩石试样的剪切模量;τ为剪切峰值剪应力。
根据本团队前期试验研究结论[28],将岩体剪切损伤演化曲线与试验数据进行对比,可拟合得出分布函数弱化强度参数m和F0。
Jennings基于非贯通节理岩体的结构特征,提出岩体抗剪强度由节理和岩桥共同贡献的理论模型,其破坏方向均沿剪应力加载方向,且节理和岩桥的破坏过程均遵循Mohr-Coulomb准则[30]。通过节理连通率对岩桥和节理部分的强度参数进行折减换算,并对两部分的剪切强度参数进行加权平均,最终得到节理岩体的综合抗剪强度,其表达式为:
式中:σi为法向压力;为加权平均后的等效黏聚力;为节理岩体等效内摩擦角;cj和φj分别为岩体中节理部分的黏聚力和内摩擦角;c0和φ0分别为岩体中岩桥部分的黏聚力和内摩擦角。
然而,对于冻融循环下的节理岩体,Jennings准则存在以下局限性:首先,该准则未能准确反映冻融–剪切耦合作用下岩桥弱化对非贯通节理岩体峰值抗剪强度特性的影响;其次,该模型未考虑因冻融损伤导致的节理粗糙度变化这一关键因素。
由于非贯通节理岩体经历冻融循环后,岩桥和节理都出现明显损伤劣化,两部分的剪切破坏特性存在较大差异,因此对冻融节理剪切过程作如下假设。
(1)在直接剪切试验的初始阶段,岩桥部分承受的剪应力随剪切位移的增大而逐渐增加;当切向位移达到峰值位移点后,岩桥的抗剪力学参数逐渐趋近于残余剪切强度,此时节理岩体的整体抗剪强度主要受弱化后岩桥抗剪参数的控制。
(2)在直剪试验过程中,冻融作用产生的冻胀裂纹在节理尖端和原有宏观裂纹尖端容易产生新生裂纹,导致原来试样的节理元数量有所增加。为简化分析,本研究通过岩桥剪切强度参数的弱化程度来表征新增节理元对力学性能的影响。
(3)在冻融循环过程中,节理岩样中的岩桥损伤呈现显著的非均匀性特征:冻融损伤沿岩桥由内向外呈衰减分布,而剪切弱化则表现为由外向内的递减趋势。为趋于理论分析,本研究基于岩桥弱化模型对弱化程度进行等效均一化处理,即假定岩桥的弱化区域内岩桥力学性质呈均匀分布。
(4)冻融–剪切耦合作用后的节理试样中,岩桥可划分为弱化区和非弱化区。基于此,本研究分别取岩桥的基础强度参数(非弱化区)和弱化强度参数(弱化区)来表征不同区域的力学特性。
因此,非贯通节理岩体岩桥部分的抗剪强度由弱化和非弱化两部分共同贡献,考虑冻融循环作用的改进Jennings抗剪强度准则包含3部分,分别为未弱化岩桥抗剪强度、弱化岩桥抗剪强度、节理残余抗剪强度。
未弱化岩桥抗剪强度τi表示为:
式中,σn表示岩样冻融n次后受到的法向应力。
而在剪切-冻融耦合作用下的岩桥弱化部分的抗剪强度τj表示为:
此外,冻融节理部分的残余抗剪强度τcn可根据Mohr-Coulomb准则确定,则整个节理岩体残余抗剪强度τc表示为:
式中,φc为节理面的残余内摩擦角。
基于上述3个抗剪强度分量的耦合作用机制,联立式(7)至式(9),建立考虑冻融效应的修正Jennings抗剪强度准则表达式。
根据岩桥力学特性的弱化规律,本研究提出的修正Jennings抗剪强度准则以节理岩体各组成部分抗剪强度的加权平均值为核心计算原理,与原有强度准则对比分析表明:在冻融循环和剪切荷载的耦合作用下,岩桥强度呈现显著的弱化特征。
基于团队前期的直剪试验结果[26-27],采用式(3)、式(4)对试验数据进行计算分析,得到不同连通率和冻融循环次数下节理岩体的弱化参数,见表2。
其中,u、u0、uf数值与冻融循环次数、连通率呈正相关,连通率是切向位移增大的主控因素。强度参数m在不同冻融次数和连通率下表现出相似的变化规律,理论预测结果与拟合数值吻合,验证了该模型的可靠性。
基于冻融20次后试样的剪切试验数据,根据式(6)和式(10)分别对直剪试验结果进行对比计算分析,获得冻融条件下节理岩体抗剪强度的实测值和与预测值对比结果,见表3。研究表明,式(10)计算数值明显小于式(6)计算数值,且理论计算相对误差显著降低,随着冻融循环次数的增加和连通率的提高,式(10)的计算精度提升效果更为显著。
然后选取λ=30%、λ=40%试样剪切试验数据,根据式(6)和式(10)进行比较分析,结果如图5、图6所示。根据冻融10, 20, 30, 40次的节理试样抗剪强度可知,式(10)的理论计算值相对误差均远小于式(6)的计算结果,与试验结果十分接近,变化趋势也完全吻合。此外,由各组连通率节理试样的抗剪强度对比分析可得,式(6)的计算结果均明显大于试验结果,同时随着冻融循环次数的增加,计算预测值与试验结果差距逐渐变大,而式(10)的计算结果均与试验结果十分接近,且随法向应力的变化趋势几乎完全一致。
上述结果表明,考虑冻融循环和剪切作用对节理岩桥部分的弱化效应是必要的。基于冻融–剪切两种损伤耦合的弱化作用,本文提出的修正Jennings抗剪强度准则能更全面地考虑冻融循环和剪切作用的协同弱化影响。因此,根据式(10)计算得出的峰值强度相较于式(6)更接近于试验结果,且总体相对误差较小,进一步说明式(10)能更准确地预测冻融–剪切耦合作用下非贯通节理岩体的峰值剪切强度。
综上所述,考虑冻融–剪切耦合作用对岩桥弱化作用的修正Jennings抗剪强度准则能更准确预测非贯通节理岩体的抗剪强度,该准则可为研究寒区节理岩体冻融损伤和安全防护提供理论依据。此外,冻融循环作用对非贯通节理的弱化效果显著,当其与剪切荷载形成耦合作用后,节理岩体的抗剪强度会明显下降。若抗剪强度准则未考虑这种耦合弱化效应,则会产生较大的计算误差。
由于传统的Jennings抗剪强度准则未考虑冻融循环和剪切作用对岩桥力学性质弱化的影响,其理论计算值与直剪试验结果存在显著偏差。研究表明,随着冻融循环次数的增加,该准则的实际误差最高可达62.16%,致使计算结果严重偏离实际情况。本研究在综合考虑冻融和剪切耦合作用对岩桥力学性质弱化效应的基础上,以经典的Jennings抗剪强度准则为框架,对冻融和剪切共同作用导致的岩桥弱化力学模型进行修正,创新性地引入弱化程度k,最终提出修正的Jennings抗剪强度准则。该修正准则基于若干理想化假设,其理论计算值与直剪试验结果吻合良好,得出的主要结论如下。
(1)冻融节理试样直剪试验表明,岩桥在冻融和剪切的共同作用下会产生明显的弱化效应。试验分析证实,非贯通节理岩体的抗剪强度由非弱化区岩桥的抗剪强度、弱化区岩桥的抗剪强度以及节理面的抗剪强度共同组成。因此,必须建立精确的冻融–剪切岩桥弱化力学模型,方能准确分析岩桥弱化对节理岩体峰值抗剪强度的影响。
(2)基于直剪试验结果,并从多个维度对修正前后抗剪强度准则进行对比分析可知,相较于传统Jennings准则,考虑冻融–剪切耦合作用下岩桥弱化效应的修正Jennings抗剪强度准则展现出显著优势。具体表现为:修正准则的理论预测值与试验结果的相对平均误差降低至3.28%,较修正前的误差水平有显著改善。试验验证表明,该修正准则不仅能准确地预测非贯通节理岩体的抗剪强度,而且为寒区节理岩体的冻融损伤机理及其工程安全防护提供了重要的理论支撑依据。
  • 江西省教育厅科技项目(GJJ218511)
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2025年第45卷第9期
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  • 接收时间:2024-10-21
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-21
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江西省教育厅科技项目(GJJ218511)
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    1.江西理工大学 资源与环境工程学院,江西 赣州市 341000
    2.赣南科技学院 资源与土木工程学院,江西 赣州市 341000

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赖春奇(1999—),男,江西九江人,硕士研究生,主要从事岩石力学与工程方向的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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