Article(id=1322161817250542016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322161751467078485, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1727107200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793157541811, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793157541811, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793157541811, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793157541811, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322161751467078485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='314', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1758729600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793157526127, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158877659, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322167420266074322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322161751467078485, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322167420266074323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322161751467078485, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=95, endPage=103, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322161817422508482, articleId=1322161817250542016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Study on Flow Field Simulation and Local Resistance of Double-Frame Louver Windshield, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The mine ventilation system is the important subsystem in the underground engineering of the mine. The accurate control of the air volume is the basis for the optimization of the ventilation system, and the local resistance is one of the important factors affecting the air volume. In order to study the local flow field characteristics of the double-frame louver windshield, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation software was used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the local flow field of the louver windshield under different inlet wind speeds and different blade opening angles. The relationship functions between the effective opening area of the windshield with the air volume and local resistance were established and compared with the measured results. The results show that when the blade opening angle is 45°, a high-speed flow field is gradually formed at the inlet of the windshield. With the increase of the inlet wind speed, the peak wind speed and the flow field area increase. When the blade opening angle increases from 60° to 90°, the local resistance at the windshield decreases and the distribution characteristics of the rear flow field change. During the process of the wind flow passing through the windshield, the static pressure energy and kinetic energy are converted to each other. The pressurization deceleration area and the vortex area formed on the leeward side of the air door become the key factors affecting the local resistance and energy loss in the flow field behind the double-frame louver windshield. The local resistance coefficient of the windshield depends on the effective wind area, which has a power function relationship with the blade opening angle. The maximum relative error between the local resistance of the windshield calculated by the formula and the measured results is 5.57%, which shows that the local resistance calculated by the formula is more accurate.

, authors=Yuefei YIN1, Chunshan ZHOU1, Yulong ZHANG1, Jinlong QI2, Yong ZHOU1, authorsList=Yuefei YIN, Chunshan ZHOU, Yulong ZHANG, Jinlong QI, Yong ZHOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chunshan ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322161821742641639, articleId=1322161817250542016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=双框百叶式风窗流场模拟及局部阻力研究, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

矿井通风系统作为矿山地下工程中的重要子系统,对其风量的精准调控是实现通风系统优化的基础,局部阻力则是影响风量的重要因素之一。为了研究双框百叶式风窗的局部流场特征,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟软件,分析不同进口风速和不同叶片开启角度下百叶式风窗局部流场的动态变化特征,建立风窗有效开启面积与风量及局部阻力间的关系函数,并与实测结果进行对比。结果表明:当叶片开启角度为45°时,风窗入口处逐渐形成高速流场,随着进口风速的增加,流场风速峰值与流场面积随之增大;叶片开启角度从60°增加到90°时,风窗处局部阻力减小,后方流场分布特征发生改变;风流经过风窗的过程中,静压能与动能之间发生相互转换,增压减速区域及风门背风面形成的涡流区域成为影响双框百叶式风窗后方流动场内局部阻力及能量损耗的关键因素;风窗的局部阻力系数取决于有效过风面积,其与叶片开启角度之间呈幂函数关系;推导公式计算的风窗局部阻力与实测结果的最大相对误差为5.57%,表明公式计算得出的局部阻力较为准确。

, authors=阴岳飞1, 周春山1, 张玉龙1, 齐金龙2, 周雍1, authorsList=阴岳飞, 周春山, 张玉龙, 齐金龙, 周雍, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=周春山, authorNote=

阴岳飞(2000—),男,山西临汾人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为矿井通风防灭火。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
周春山(1979—),男,江苏高邮人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为矿井火灾防治。E-mail:
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阴岳飞(2000—),男,山西临汾人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为矿井通风防灭火。E-mail:

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阴岳飞(2000—),男,山西临汾人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为矿井通风防灭火。E-mail:

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country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.国家能源集团神东煤炭集团,陕西 神木市 719315)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322161935425061592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Installation position of the automatic adjustment windshield, figureFileSmall=BVCPWFotTS5AOXCjqSHrtA==, figureFileBig=nAg5fX4+AEHZ8zAmnulYfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161935504753369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=CN, label=图1, caption=自动调节风窗安装位置, figureFileSmall=BVCPWFotTS5AOXCjqSHrtA==, figureFileBig=nAg5fX4+AEHZ8zAmnulYfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161935622193882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Underground automatic adjustment windshield model, figureFileSmall=ucL5OLmfaHifkVdn95N8Aw==, figureFileBig=jcsQUq2S5ybkB0+OYG85oQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161935689302747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=CN, label=图2, caption=井下自动调节风窗模型, figureFileSmall=ucL5OLmfaHifkVdn95N8Aw==, figureFileBig=jcsQUq2S5ybkB0+OYG85oQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161935760605916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Different grid division schemes, figureFileSmall=F2oGwLYTM0JY+14fO/yK2Q==, figureFileBig=HfOuIU6FGPPNFByrGiZOog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161935844491997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同网格划分方案, figureFileSmall=F2oGwLYTM0JY+14fO/yK2Q==, figureFileBig=HfOuIU6FGPPNFByrGiZOog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161937648042719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Variation curves of wind velocity of return-air roadway under three grid division schemes, figureFileSmall=Y67wXfshhrT4UvhG9tylxQ==, figureFileBig=VN/wRSqWL4BxYJW1hbgGMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161937706762976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=CN, label=图4, caption=3种网格划分方案下回风巷道风速变化曲线, figureFileSmall=Y67wXfshhrT4UvhG9tylxQ==, figureFileBig=VN/wRSqWL4BxYJW1hbgGMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161937790649057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Wind velocity distribution cloud diagrams of roadway under different inlet wind speeds, figureFileSmall=Gt3Vfzu0Bmtg9uNMkAtNBQ==, figureFileBig=90ZyijCAbqVMbu0VYU9mGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161938260411106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同进口风速下巷道风速分布云图, figureFileSmall=Gt3Vfzu0Bmtg9uNMkAtNBQ==, figureFileBig=90ZyijCAbqVMbu0VYU9mGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161938499486435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Wind velocity distribution cloud diagrams of roadway under different blade opening angles, figureFileSmall=h/fWsHnBt7Xq8DuGHHX7rQ==, figureFileBig=/NTkpFje4iunjx5Qm1Xp1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161938562400996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同叶片开启角度下巷道风速分布云图, figureFileSmall=h/fWsHnBt7Xq8DuGHHX7rQ==, figureFileBig=/NTkpFje4iunjx5Qm1Xp1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161938663064293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Contours of roadway pressure under different blade opening angles, figureFileSmall=e7FhfIhSaI9nc9VP7lmPAA==, figureFileBig=hxOCkBqFOPHH0km4r0gFYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161938902139622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同叶片开启角度下巷道压力等值线, figureFileSmall=e7FhfIhSaI9nc9VP7lmPAA==, figureFileBig=hxOCkBqFOPHH0km4r0gFYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161939006997223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Velocity distribution trajectory of the front and rear positions of windshield on vertical section, figureFileSmall=dbLB2xdTpt1+v33m2Bb4wg==, figureFileBig=XaAk3KRvrZXtDepJUs6DHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161939346735849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=CN, label=图8, caption=垂直截面风窗前后位置速度分布轨迹, figureFileSmall=dbLB2xdTpt1+v33m2Bb4wg==, figureFileBig=XaAk3KRvrZXtDepJUs6DHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161939405456106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Variation law of local wind resistance of louvered windshield with boade opening angles of windshield, figureFileSmall=/QgmIjpcNkkkHm/Y2LY8DA==, figureFileBig=agudXeP+0rmYo1xGo9wBPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161939753583339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=CN, label=图9, caption=百叶式风窗局部风阻随风窗叶片开启角度变化规律, figureFileSmall=/QgmIjpcNkkkHm/Y2LY8DA==, figureFileBig=agudXeP+0rmYo1xGo9wBPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161939824886508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Variation law of local wind resistance of louvered windshield with opening area of windshield, figureFileSmall=3CZ0U9nEFsgGF7VRirie6A==, figureFileBig=Wzp5bU/lsJHgKUu/dPKe2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161940156236525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=CN, label=图10, caption=百叶式风窗局部风阻随风窗开启面积的变化规律, figureFileSmall=3CZ0U9nEFsgGF7VRirie6A==, figureFileBig=Wzp5bU/lsJHgKUu/dPKe2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161940277871342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Main parameters of roadway model with double-frame louvered windshield

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
巷道高度巷道宽度行人门高行人门宽框架高度框架宽度框架厚度扇叶长度扇叶宽度
3.006.002.001.002.101.560.401.250.38
), ArticleFig(id=1322161942052061936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

双框百叶式风窗巷道模型主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
巷道高度巷道宽度行人门高行人门宽框架高度框架宽度框架厚度扇叶长度扇叶宽度
3.006.002.001.002.101.560.401.250.38
), ArticleFig(id=1322161942395994866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Simulated boundary conditions and solving parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
入口边界类型入口速度/(m/s)水力直径/m湍流强度/%出口边界类型壁面剪切条件
速度入口1.53.6963.280自然出流无滑移
), ArticleFig(id=1322161942744122099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

模拟边界条件及求解参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
入口边界类型入口速度/(m/s)水力直径/m湍流强度/%出口边界类型壁面剪切条件
速度入口1.53.6963.280自然出流无滑移
), ArticleFig(id=1322161943109026548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Local wind resistance of louvered windshield

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
开启角度/(°)开启面积/m2过风量/(m3/s)局部风阻/(N·S2·m-8)局部风阻平均值/(N·S2·m-8)
300.307.512.83712.807
15.012.809
22.512.795
30.012.787
450.667.51.2011.199
15.01.197
22.51.198
30.01.198
601.127.50.7500.747
15.00.747
22.50.746
30.00.746
701.487.50.3900.388
15.00.387
22.50.387
30.00.386
902.257.50.1990.198
15.00.198
22.50.197
30.00.197
), ArticleFig(id=1322161943176135413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

百叶风窗局部风阻

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
开启角度/(°)开启面积/m2过风量/(m3/s)局部风阻/(N·S2·m-8)局部风阻平均值/(N·S2·m-8)
300.307.512.83712.807
15.012.809
22.512.795
30.012.787
450.667.51.2011.199
15.01.197
22.51.198
30.01.198
601.127.50.7500.747
15.00.747
22.50.746
30.00.746
701.487.50.3900.388
15.00.387
22.50.387
30.00.386
902.257.50.1990.198
15.00.198
22.50.197
30.00.197
), ArticleFig(id=1322161943268410102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Measured data of air volume and pressure difference at both ends of roadway under different blade opening angles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号开启角度/(°)开启面积/m2风量/(m3/s)两端压差/Pa
1200.142.81257.8
2350.414.54116.1
3500.806.2342.9
4651.307.6738.2
), ArticleFig(id=1322161943545234167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同叶片开启角度下巷道风量实测数据与两端压差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号开启角度/(°)开启面积/m2风量/(m3/s)两端压差/Pa
1200.142.81257.8
2350.414.54116.1
3500.806.2342.9
4651.307.6738.2
), ArticleFig(id=1322161943633314552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comparison between the measured results of local resistonce of louvered windshield and the calculated results of derived formula

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号开启角度/(°)实测局部风阻/(N·S2·m-8)公式计算局部风阻/(N·S2·m-8)相对误差/%
12032.65234.3915.57
2355.6315.8553.83
3501.1051.0544.84
4650.6490.6784.28
), ArticleFig(id=1322161943704617721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161817250542016, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

百叶式风窗局部阻力实测结果与推导公式计算结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号开启角度/(°)实测局部风阻/(N·S2·m-8)公式计算局部风阻/(N·S2·m-8)相对误差/%
12032.65234.3915.57
2355.6315.8553.83
3501.1051.0544.84
4650.6490.6784.28
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双框百叶式风窗流场模拟及局部阻力研究
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阴岳飞 1 , 周春山 1 , 张玉龙 1 , 齐金龙 2 , 周雍 1
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(9): 95-103
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (9) : 95 -103
双框百叶式风窗流场模拟及局部阻力研究
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阴岳飞(2000—),男,山西临汾人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为矿井通风防灭火。E-mail:

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阴岳飞(2000—),男,山西临汾人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为矿井通风防灭火。E-mail:

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阴岳飞1 , 周春山1 , 张玉龙1, 齐金龙2, 周雍1
作者信息
  • 1.太原理工大学 安全与应急管理工程学院,山西 太原 030024
  • 2.国家能源集团神东煤炭集团,陕西 神木市 719315
通讯作者:
周春山(1979—),男,江苏高邮人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为矿井火灾防治。E-mail:
作者简介:

阴岳飞(2000—),男,山西临汾人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为矿井通风防灭火。E-mail:

Study on Flow Field Simulation and Local Resistance of Double-Frame Louver Windshield
Yuefei YIN1 , Chunshan ZHOU1 , Yulong ZHANG1, Jinlong QI2, Yong ZHOU1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Safety and Emergency Management Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
  • 2.Shendong Coal Group, National Energy Group, Shenmu, Shaanxi 719315, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25
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矿井通风系统作为矿山地下工程中的重要子系统,对其风量的精准调控是实现通风系统优化的基础,局部阻力则是影响风量的重要因素之一。为了研究双框百叶式风窗的局部流场特征,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟软件,分析不同进口风速和不同叶片开启角度下百叶式风窗局部流场的动态变化特征,建立风窗有效开启面积与风量及局部阻力间的关系函数,并与实测结果进行对比。结果表明:当叶片开启角度为45°时,风窗入口处逐渐形成高速流场,随着进口风速的增加,流场风速峰值与流场面积随之增大;叶片开启角度从60°增加到90°时,风窗处局部阻力减小,后方流场分布特征发生改变;风流经过风窗的过程中,静压能与动能之间发生相互转换,增压减速区域及风门背风面形成的涡流区域成为影响双框百叶式风窗后方流动场内局部阻力及能量损耗的关键因素;风窗的局部阻力系数取决于有效过风面积,其与叶片开启角度之间呈幂函数关系;推导公式计算的风窗局部阻力与实测结果的最大相对误差为5.57%,表明公式计算得出的局部阻力较为准确。

矿井通风  /  百叶式风窗  /  流场分布  /  局部阻力  /  误差分析

The mine ventilation system is the important subsystem in the underground engineering of the mine. The accurate control of the air volume is the basis for the optimization of the ventilation system, and the local resistance is one of the important factors affecting the air volume. In order to study the local flow field characteristics of the double-frame louver windshield, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation software was used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the local flow field of the louver windshield under different inlet wind speeds and different blade opening angles. The relationship functions between the effective opening area of the windshield with the air volume and local resistance were established and compared with the measured results. The results show that when the blade opening angle is 45°, a high-speed flow field is gradually formed at the inlet of the windshield. With the increase of the inlet wind speed, the peak wind speed and the flow field area increase. When the blade opening angle increases from 60° to 90°, the local resistance at the windshield decreases and the distribution characteristics of the rear flow field change. During the process of the wind flow passing through the windshield, the static pressure energy and kinetic energy are converted to each other. The pressurization deceleration area and the vortex area formed on the leeward side of the air door become the key factors affecting the local resistance and energy loss in the flow field behind the double-frame louver windshield. The local resistance coefficient of the windshield depends on the effective wind area, which has a power function relationship with the blade opening angle. The maximum relative error between the local resistance of the windshield calculated by the formula and the measured results is 5.57%, which shows that the local resistance calculated by the formula is more accurate.

Mine ventilation  /  Louvered windshield  /  Flow field distribution  /  Local resistance  /  Error analysis
阴岳飞, 周春山, 张玉龙, 齐金龙, 周雍. 双框百叶式风窗流场模拟及局部阻力研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (9) : 95 -103 .
Yuefei YIN, Chunshan ZHOU, Yulong ZHANG, Jinlong QI, Yong ZHOU. Study on Flow Field Simulation and Local Resistance of Double-Frame Louver Windshield[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (9) : 95 -103 .
风量的精准调控在地下矿山通风系统中至关重要,它直接关系到井下空气环境的质量、工作面的氧气供给以及有害气体的有效排出[1]。局部阻力是影响风量分配的重要因素之一,特别是在设置有风窗的环境中。传统平直巷道的风阻相对较小,且易于计算,而当巷道内增设调节风窗的通风控制设备时,由于其复杂的几何形状和流动特性,会显著增加气流通过巷道时的局部阻力[2]。因此,矿井局部阻力的准确计算是实现井下风量精准调控的必然要求。
诸多学者对巷道及风窗区域复杂空间内的流场分布特征和局部阻力进行了研究。史义存[3]基于通路法,对通风系统进行模拟分析,发现矿井总阻力并非各分支阻力的简单累加,还受到通风系统网络结构的影响。王禹等[4]利用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法与粒子图像测速仪(PIV)对突扩巷道的流场及局部阻力进行了测定模拟,计算出相应的局部阻力系数及其与壁面粗糙度的拟合函数。高科等[5]构建了巷道通风摩擦阻力系数的预测模型,并设计合适的BP神经网络模型,以提高模型对巷道通风摩擦阻力系数的精准预测。刘剑等[6]根据实测巷道通风摩擦阻力系数的特点,建立PCA-BP神经网络预测模型,为更准确地获得巷道通风摩擦阻力系数提供了一种有效的方法。常廷豪等[7]在矿井阻力测定中加入了自然风压的影响因素,提高了通风阻力测定的准确性。赵旭等[8]搭建了4种求解模型,对巷道风流进行分析,确定SST k−w求解模型对过渡态的巷道风流模拟效果较好。姜黎明等[9]通过数值模拟对巷道转弯区的流场进行了分析研究,优化了局部阻力计算公式。黄光球等[10]探讨了安装风窗前后矿井通风系统的风流特征,并提出了一种评估风量与阻力变化敏感性的方法。邵和等[11]使用数值模拟软件分析了风窗开口面积与巷道断面面积比、雷诺数、风窗位置对局部阻力系数的影响。刘永红等[12]运用PIV对井下调节风窗的流场分布进行了研究,发现调节风窗后隅角存在一个规则而完整的贴近壁面的回流区。许克南等[13]分析了风窗对风压和风量调节的影响,并基于数学方程与理论,推导出安装风窗前后压能变化的数学表达式。尹斌等[14]使用Fluent软件中的湍流模型对风窗的局部风阻进行了模拟计算,并通过风窗开启面积和风窗过风量推导出了风窗局部风阻的计算公式。学者们在巷道流场与传统风窗局部通风阻力计算方法等方面已经取得了显著进展。然而,随着技术的进步,新型百叶式风窗凭借其能精确改变风量、自动调节等优势,被广泛应用于井下通风系统,其独特的结构使得气流影响机理与传统风窗存在本质差异,导致原有的局部阻力计算公式不完全适用。
因此,针对新型百叶式风窗,亟需新的模拟方法以准确评估其在通风系统中的局部风阻。本文采用CFD流体模拟软件,构建了包含双框百叶式风窗的巷道三维空气动力学模型,探究该区域内流场的分布规律。借助Tecplot分析工具的数据处理结果,确立了风窗有效开启面积与风量及局部阻力间的关系函数。研究结果为井下风量的精确控制提供了理论依据,有助于优化矿井通风系统并提升其安全性。
石圪台煤矿属于浅埋深、近距离煤层群联合开采,工作面采用大采高综采。该条件下工作面风量大、风压大、漏风大,加之超大采空区形成的复杂立体漏风流场规律不清晰,给矿井通风管理带来了极大的挑战。针对严重的漏风问题,矿井采用均压技术进行漏风防治,有效控制了工作面漏风,改善了通风效果。
22上104工作面位于石圪台煤矿井田22上煤一盘区。工作面宽度为255.2 m,推进长度为1 139.2 m,回采面积为29.07 万 m2。为保证22上104综采工作面安全回采,使用均压通风措施。调节风窗是均压通风系统中调节控制通风流量的设施[15],通过调节风窗通风面积,实现对井下通风风量和工作面压力的控制[16]。基于矿井工作环境的特殊需求,选用百叶式调节风窗作为矿用风量定量调节的设备。百叶式风窗通过叶片的旋转来改变有效过风面积,进而进行风量调控,同时,百叶式风窗具有结构紧凑、支持远程控制、能有效适应地形等优点,适用于煤矿环境的应用需求[17-20]。石圪台煤矿22上104工作面回风巷中,双框百叶式风窗的安装位置如图1所示。
为研究石圪台煤矿22上104工作面回风巷双框百叶式风窗前后流场分布与局部风阻特征,运用Design Modeler软件建立等比例模型,如图2所示,由于回风巷内情况复杂,且风窗设备的部分零件结构相当精细,模型完全复制现场状况相对困难,需在满足计算精度的要求下进行简化处理。几何模型的主要参数见表1。
本文主要选取扇叶旋转30°,45°,65°和 90°的条件进行分析,不可忽略回风隅角处液压支架及掘进机机尾超前支护对风流的扰动作用,结合矿井的实际状况,在不影响模拟结果的前提下,在回风巷处设置6台宽为1.75 m的液压支架(见图2)。
网格的质量直接影响数值模拟结果的可信度,使用Meshing软件对该模型进行网格划分,采用混合网格划分方法,即在风窗与液压支架附近使用四面体网格划分,在回风巷的其他部分使用六面体网格划分,主要原因是风窗与液压支架附近结构复杂,四面体网格划分时适应性较好,运算精度上的损失可以依靠网格数量进行弥补,而回风巷其他部分的结构相对简单,使用六面体网格可以有效减少模拟误差。
经过网格独立性验证,确定了3种不同的网格划分方案(见图3),即方案一(5 113 465)、方案二(2 663 766)、方案三(1 983 801),其中质量大于0.4的网格分别占总网格数的99.95%、99.12%、92.37%,这表明3种方案的网格质量都很高。对3种不同的网格划分方案分别进行模拟验证,可以看出,虽然3种网格划分方案的网格数量存在明显差异,但其模拟结果差异性较小。基于计算精度和运算性能考虑,本文采用方案二进行网格划分。不同网格划分方案的沿程风速变化曲线如图4所示。
根据石圪台煤矿22上104工作面具体情况,结合Fluent中湍流模型的设定要求,对模型边界条件及求解参数进行设定,通过优化与测试,得到的具体参数见表2。
受不同进口风速和不同叶片开启角度的影响,百叶式风窗局部流场表现出动态变化特征。包括非稳态流条件下风流的聚集或扩散,以及高、低风速风流在交汇点所产生的扰动,进而形成沿壁面的涡流现象。
当百叶式风窗叶片开启角度为45°,回风巷进口速度分别为1.5 m/s、2 m/s、2.5 m/s时,沿z=1.5 m高度建立巷道风速分布云图,如图5所示。
由图5可知,当进口风速为2.5 m/s时,由于进风口支护的存在,过风面积减小,两侧气流向中间汇集并相互碰撞形成紊流,巷道风速突增并形成一段长度约为40 m的高速射流;当进口风速为2 m/s、1.5 m/s时,射流形状基本保持一致,但射流长度缩短为35 m和25 m,高速射流的长度随着进口风速的增加而增大。气流经过液压支架后,由于风门的关闭使得靠近风门侧的巷道内壁处静压力变大,气流发生显著的弯曲,并贴着远离风门一侧的巷道壁流动。随着风速的增加,风流带的弯曲现象也越明显。高速射流对巷道内的流场产生风流扰动,加之巷道内壁的阻力作用,使得液压支架与调节风窗之间的回风巷内的风速分布变得极不均匀,呈现出中间流速较快而四周流速较慢的变化趋势。
当气流在巷道内遇到关闭的左侧风门时,被迫向远离风门的一侧运移,导致靠近风门一侧的风窗气流量超过另一侧。通过风窗的气流受到压力作用,向远离风门的一侧偏转,导致后方流场发生突变,在远离风门处贴着巷道壁形成一段高速气流场。该流场的风速峰值与流场面积均随入口风速的增加而逐渐增大,但不同风速下该流场的形状并未发生较大的改变。
当回风巷进口风速为2 m/s,百叶式风窗叶片开启角度分别为30°、45°、60°、90°时,沿z=1.5 m高度建立巷道风速分布云图,如图6所示。
由图6可知,在进口风速不变的情况下,风窗叶片开启角度为30°、45°、60°时,气流经过支护会形成一段30~35 m的稳定射流;当叶片开启角度为90°时,射流长度突增为45 m。可以看出,叶片开启角度的变化会对射流长度产生影响,角度较小时,叶片对风流的阻力比较大,射流长度缓慢增长,当叶片开启角度为90°时,射流长度发生突增,说明风窗部分的阻力变化是非线性的。
叶片开启角度为30°时,风窗前方高速流场的宽度接近巷道宽度,随着叶片开启角度增大至45°时,该流场的宽度缓慢缩小并保持稳定。产生这种现象的原因是,当叶片开启角度相对较小时,风窗区产生的局部阻力较大,对风窗前区产生较大的反作用,导致高速流场体积发生膨胀,形成了与巷道宽度接近的流场。当叶片开启角度逐步增大时,局部阻力变小,风窗前区受风窗影响变小,流场宽度发生较小的收缩但形状基本保持不变。风门的存在,加之风窗的阻力,使得后方风流场边界条件变得十分复杂,叶片开启角度不大于45°时,流场贴着巷道壁分布,随着叶片开启角度增大,流场区域风流流通发生急剧变化,流场形状变得不规则。
当回风巷进口速度为2 m/s,百叶式风窗叶片开启角度为30°、45°、60°、90°时,巷道压力等值线如图7所示。
由图7可知,风窗叶片开启角度为30°时,风窗前后2 m处静压分别为-1.39 Pa和-376.66 Pa,风流压差达到375.27 Pa;风窗叶片开启角度为45°时,风流压差达到200 Pa;叶片开启角度增大到60°和90°时,风流压差分别为60 Pa和17 Pa。随着叶片开启角度的增大,风窗前后的压力梯度逐渐减小。
在巷道2~12 m范围内,静压等值线分布相对均匀,越靠近风窗,压力下降越明显,表明风流相对稳定;但在风窗前方2 m处,静压力急剧下降,压力等值线在靠近风门一侧紧密分布,在远离风门一侧则较为稀疏,在风窗入口处表现为明显的不对称压力分布。出现这种现象的原因在于,风门闭合导致风门前区3 m内形成高压区域,且双框风窗的设计使得靠近风门一侧风窗处的压力急剧下降,而另一侧的风流主要与巷道内壁发生摩擦[21],受风门的影响较小,因此只有少量的巷道阻力损失,静压等值线均匀下降。
风窗后方4 m内的压力等值线交错复杂,这是由于双框风窗导流效应使得风流相互碰撞,在风窗后方形成涡流区域,使压力场变得错综复杂。通过风窗对流体的阻碍作用,风窗处发生显著的局部阻力损失,静压发生骤降。随着风窗叶片开启角度增加,风窗后方流场的静压峰值减小,其分布也更趋向均匀。风流通过风窗的过程中,静压能与动能之间发生了相互转换。在距离风窗前方2 m处,静压能开始转变为动能,而在越过风窗并向后延伸4 m的区域,部分动能再次转变为静压能,此过程伴随有一定的能量损失。因此,风窗局部阻力损失主要聚集在风窗后方。
为研究风窗前后的风速变化,在巷道内的风窗区域,沿z=1.5 m高度建立速度迹线,如图8所示。由图8可知,在百叶式风窗前方的直巷段中,初始风流呈现均匀直线分布[22],当风流穿过风窗后,形成了增压减速区域。这种情况是由风窗叶片向上开启至45°导致局部阻力增大,进而促使风流重新分配所引起的。
在风门后方,由于风量过少,产生的风速较小,遇到从风窗流入的大量高速气体后,静压不断增大,压差的作用与流动方向相同,使原本很小的流速逐渐增大,出现与主流方向相同的流动,形成涡流区。生成的大体积涡流会随着主风流不断移除,而后续补充的流体则会再次形成新的涡流,这导致了局部阻力的增加和更大能量的损耗。
风窗叶片开启角度的变化一方面会导致通流截面面积发生变化,另一方面会改变风流流动的方向,从而改变风流的流速分布。这种变化引起了局部范围内流体的摩擦和碰撞,形成局部阻力。通过计算风窗局部风阻,可以预测风窗在不同工况下的性能参数[23],这有助于动态均压通风系统更准确地达到平衡点,为均压通风系统的设计和优化提供重要参考。百叶式风窗局部通风阻力的计算见式(1)。
式中:hi-j为两测点间的通风阻力,Pa;pi,pj为两测点的静压测量值,Pa;zi,zj为两测点的标高,m;ρi,ρj为两测点的湿空气密度,kg/m3;ρij为两测点井巷间的空气密度均值,kg/m3;vi,vj为两测点的风流速度,m/s。
由式(1)计算得出不同过风量、不同叶片开启角度下的风窗等效风阻,见表3。百叶式风窗局部风阻随叶片开启角度的变化规律如图9所示。
由图9可知,在不同风窗过风量条件下,百叶式风窗的局部风阻波动极小,这证实了即便巷道内的风流处于紊流状态,百叶式自动调节风窗的局部阻力也不受通过风量的影响。实际上,风窗的局部阻力主要受百叶式自动调节风窗的独特结构及巷道特性的影响[24]。
从表3中可以看出,百叶式调节风窗的局部风阻随着风窗开启面积的变化而变化。本文利用Origin数据分析软件进行非线性迭代拟合,得到局部风阻与风窗叶片开启角度(即开启面积)之间的变化关系,如图10所示。
以风窗过风面积为自变量,百叶式风窗局部阻力计算公式见式(2)[25],其拟合度达到0.994。
式中:R为百叶式风窗的局部风阻,N·S2·m−8;S为百叶式风窗的有效开启面积,m2;A、B、C为百叶式风窗局部阻力计算公式的拟合系数,其中A=0.191 33, B=91.573 66, C=0.001 07。
当叶片开启角度发生变化时,百叶式风窗的有效过风面积也会相应改变[26],依据风窗叶片的几何关系,可得S的计算公式,见式(3)。
式中:b为百叶风窗单叶片的宽度,m;l为百叶风窗单叶片的长度,m;θ为百叶式风窗的叶片开启角度,(°)。
将式(3)代入式(2),可以得出以百叶式风窗开启角度为自变量的局部阻力计算公式,见式(4)。
使用人工走线法测试百叶式自动调节风窗周围的过风量,对每个测点进行了3次测量,减少偶然误差的影响。若同一测点的3次测量结果相对误差超过5%,则需要重新进行测试。取3次测量结果的平均值作为最终确定的巷道风量,结果见表4。
依据摩擦阻力定律计算出风窗的局部阻力,使用式(4)确定不同叶片开启角度下百叶式风窗的局部阻力,与实测数据进行对比,结果见表5。
从表5可以看出,现场实测数据与公式计算结果之间的最大相对误差为5.57%,风窗叶片开启角度为35°、50°和65°时,相对误差均小于5%,说明式(4)计算得出的百叶式风窗局部阻力较为精确[27]。
通过理论分析不同叶片开启角度下的局部阻力系数特征,基于旋转角度计算单个窗扇过风面积,进而得出风窗整体过风面积,为井下均压通风系统工况决策提供了基础数据支撑。结合石圪台煤矿22上104工作面的实际均压需求和实时需风量,实现对工作面风量的精确控制,优化矿井通风系统。
(1)受不同进口风速和不同叶片开启角度的影响,百叶式风窗局部流场表现出动态变化特征。当叶片开启角度为45°时,双框风窗入口处开始形成高速流场,随着进口风速的增加,流场风速峰值与流场面积逐渐增大;当进口风速不变时,随着叶片开启角度增大,风窗对气流的影响变弱,风窗前方流场保持相对稳定的状态,而后方流场的形状变得极不规则。
(2)叶片开启角度的变化会直接改变双框百叶风窗处的局部阻力,在风窗后方形成增压减速区,而风门背风侧形成的涡流区是双框风窗能量损失的重要影响因素。
(3)随着叶片开启角度的增大,双框风窗处的局部阻力减小,风窗后方的静压峰值增大,风窗前后压差发生显著变化,风流在流经风窗过程中存在静压能与动能的相互转化,产生了一部分能量损失,因此,局部阻力损失主要集中于风窗后方。
(4)在以往学者研究的基础上,结合本文对风窗流场的研究及风窗阻力系数的分析可知,双框百叶式风窗局部阻力系数取决于有效过风面积,其与叶片开启角度成幂函数关系,关系式为:R=A+B·C10bl(1-cosθ)。通过对比模拟计算结果与现场实测数据发现,在不同叶片开启角度下,双框百叶式风窗局部阻力的实测数据与推导公式计算结果的最大误差为5.57%。这表明利用该公式计算出的风窗局部阻力较为准确,根据现场实际均压需求,可以实现对井下风量的有效调控。
  • 山西省自然科学基金项目(20210302124062)
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2025年第45卷第9期
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  • 接收时间:2024-09-24
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-24
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山西省自然科学基金项目(20210302124062)
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    1.太原理工大学 安全与应急管理工程学院,山西 太原 030024
    2.国家能源集团神东煤炭集团,陕西 神木市 719315

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周春山(1979—),男,江苏高邮人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为矿井火灾防治。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属
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种数
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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