Article(id=1322161814763324214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322161751467078485, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730304000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793157541217, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793157541217, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793157541217, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793157541217, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322161751467078485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='314', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1758729600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793157526127, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158877659, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322167420266074322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322161751467078485, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322167420266074323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322161751467078485, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=52, endPage=59, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322161814956262199, articleId=1322161814763324214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Study on the Mechanical Properties of High-Sulfur Tailings Backfill Excited by Industrial Magnesium Slag, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Using high-sulfur tailings and gobi materials as mixed filling aggregates, the mechanical properties of high-sulfur tailings backfill excited by industrial magnesium slag were investigated. A preliminary test was conducted to investigate the effect of different magnesium slag contents on the compressive strength of the backfill. Using NaOH as an alkaline activator, the influence of proportioning parameters of high-sulfur tailings backfill on compressive strength, stress-strain curve characteristics, and failure mode was systematically analyzed through orthogonal tests. The results show that when the ratio of tailings to gobi material is 1:1 and the dosage of NaOH is 1%, the compressive strength of the backfill reaches its maximum value at 28 d, which is 4.54 MPa. NaOH has an optimization effect on the mechanical properties of high-sulfur tailings backfill excited by magnesium slag, and reasonable control of the dosage of high-sulfur tailings, NaOH, and magnesium slag can significantly improve the compressive strength of the backfill. Increasing the dosage of NaOH, magnesium slag, and high-sulfur tailings can enhance the mechanical strength of the backfill, but it will lead to a brittle transition in its failure mode and exacerbate local failure characteristics. The research results can provide a basis for the resource utilization of magnesium slag and high-sulfur tailings, as well as the performance optimization of mine filling materials.

, authors=Ming ZHANG1, Yanzhong LU1, Ze PAN1, Jiangming YU1, Jiaxin DU1, Gaili XUE2, authorsList=Ming ZHANG, Yanzhong LU, Ze PAN, Jiangming YU, Jiaxin DU, Gaili XUE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Gaili XUE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322161818034881353, articleId=1322161814763324214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=工业镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体的力学性能研究, columnId=1226462294490657775, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=采矿与矿山充填, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

以高硫尾砂和戈壁料为混合充填骨料,探讨工业镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体的力学性能。进行了不同镁渣掺量对充填体抗压强度影响的初探试验,并采用NaOH作为碱性激发剂,通过正交试验系统分析了高硫尾砂充填体的配比参数对抗压强度、应力–应变曲线特征及破坏模式的影响。结果表明,当尾砂:戈壁料为1:1, NaOH掺量为1%时,充填体28 d抗压强度达到最大值,为4.54 MPa。NaOH对镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体力学性能具有优化效果,合理控制高硫尾砂、NaOH与镁渣掺量可显著提升充填体抗压强度。提高NaOH、镁渣、高硫尾砂掺量能够提升充填体力学强度,但会导致其破坏模式向脆性转变,加剧局部破坏特征。研究成果可为镁渣和高硫尾砂的资源化利用和矿山充填材料的性能优化提供依据。

, authors=张明1, 路彦忠1, 潘泽1, 余江明1, 杜佳新1, 薛改利2, authorsList=张明, 路彦忠, 潘泽, 余江明, 杜佳新, 薛改利, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=薛改利, authorNote=

张明(1986—),男,湖北天门人,高级工程师,主要研究方向为金属非金属矿山安全生产管理及技术。E-mail:

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薛改利(1987—),女,河南濮阳人,博士,副研究员,主要研究方向为矿山充填及固废资源化利用。E-mail:
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张明(1986—),男,湖北天门人,高级工程师,主要研究方向为金属非金属矿山安全生产管理及技术。E-mail:

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Coal Science and Technology, 2024, 52(4):83-92., articleTitle=Mining technology and practice of full-solid waste cemented backfilling in narrow strip of extra-thick coal seam under buildings, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322162099367822323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161814763324214, awardId=52404138, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(52404138), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322162099439125492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161814763324214, awardId=2022M711432, language=CN, fundingSource=中国博士后科学基金项目(2022M711432), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322162090329097130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161814763324214, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322162090337485739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161814763324214, companyId=1322162090329097130, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Xinjiang Habahe Ashele Copper Industry Co., Ltd., Altay Region, Xinjiang 836706, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322162090345874348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161814763324214, companyId=1322162090329097130, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.新疆哈巴河阿舍勒铜业股份有限公司,新疆 阿勒泰地区 836706)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322162090412983213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161814763324214, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322162090417177518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161814763324214, companyId=1322162090412983213, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322162090429760431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161814763324214, companyId=1322162090412983213, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.太原理工大学矿业工程学院,山西 太原 030024)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322162095500674009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161814763324214, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Particle size distribution curves of tailings and slag powder, figureFileSmall=oB9Gx31vnmmnlubcRm4zlg==, figureFileBig=VX7fEnwzAZaliLhE68o9rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162095588754394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161814763324214, language=CN, label=图1, caption=尾砂和矿渣微粉的粒径分布曲线, figureFileSmall=oB9Gx31vnmmnlubcRm4zlg==, figureFileBig=VX7fEnwzAZaliLhE68o9rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162095718777819, 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figureFileBig=YreivHoAyEcKGWlWU5GWIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162096717022184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161814763324214, language=CN, label=图8, caption=镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体的破坏模式, figureFileSmall=FxIZA/AV7FyKgrdTGfsnOg==, figureFileBig=YreivHoAyEcKGWlWU5GWIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322162096788325353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161814763324214, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Main chemical composition of filling materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料CaOSiO2Fe2O3MgOAl2O3SO3P2O5
高硫尾砂2.4725.0922.332.089.2331.890.047
镁渣60.9130.933.382.021.090.070.020
矿渣微粉43.6926.940.517.1210.042.23—
), ArticleFig(id=1322162096863822826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161814763324214, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

充填材料的主要化学成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料CaOSiO2Fe2O3MgOAl2O3SO3P2O5
高硫尾砂2.4725.0922.332.089.2331.890.047
镁渣60.9130.933.382.021.090.070.020
矿渣微粉43.6926.940.517.1210.042.23—
), ArticleFig(id=1322162096935125995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161814763324214, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Slump test results of filling slurry with different proportioning conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
料浆质量浓度/%100%全尾砂料浆质量浓度/%40%尾砂+60%戈壁料
塌落度/cm扩展度/cm塌落度/cm扩展度/cm
776.825.0×18.08018.530.0×31.0
7518.028.0×28.57924.541.0×40.0
7424.235.6×38.07727.065.0×66.5
7226.563.0×66.57529.092.5×93.0
7029.598.0×100.0
), ArticleFig(id=1322162097006429164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161814763324214, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同配制条件下充填料浆的塌落度测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
料浆质量浓度/%100%全尾砂料浆质量浓度/%40%尾砂+60%戈壁料
塌落度/cm扩展度/cm塌落度/cm扩展度/cm
776.825.0×18.08018.530.0×31.0
7518.028.0×28.57924.541.0×40.0
7424.235.6×38.07727.065.0×66.5
7226.563.0×66.57529.092.5×93.0
7029.598.0×100.0
), ArticleFig(id=1322162097111286765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161814763324214, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Tests parameters of high-sulfur tailings backfill excited by magnesium slag

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号尾砂:戈壁料质量浓度/%胶凝材料配比/%试块密度/(g/cm3)
镁渣生石灰脱硫石膏矿渣微粉
13:776101010701.98
23:776151010651.95
33:776201010601.98
44:676101010702.01
54:676151010651.99
64:676201010602.00
71:176101010702.06
81:176151010652.05
91:176201010602.04
101:072151010652.04
), ArticleFig(id=1322162097199367150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161814763324214, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体试验参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号尾砂:戈壁料质量浓度/%胶凝材料配比/%试块密度/(g/cm3)
镁渣生石灰脱硫石膏矿渣微粉
13:776101010701.98
23:776151010651.95
33:776201010601.98
44:676101010702.01
54:676151010651.99
64:676201010602.00
71:176101010702.06
81:176151010652.05
91:176201010602.04
101:072151010652.04
), ArticleFig(id=1322162097295836143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161814763324214, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Optimization test schemes and results of high-sulfur tailings backfill excited by magnesium slag

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号NaOH/%胶凝材料配比/%单轴抗压强度/MPa
镁渣生石灰脱硫石膏矿渣微粉7 d28 d
Y1010812703.204.07
Y2115812652.843.83
Y3220812603.063.90
Y4110812703.233.99
Y5215812653.143.65
Y6020812602.484.00
Y7210812702.984.40
Y8015812653.324.24
Y9120812602.964.54
Y10115812652.524.29
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镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体的优化试验方案及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号NaOH/%胶凝材料配比/%单轴抗压强度/MPa
镁渣生石灰脱硫石膏矿渣微粉7 d28 d
Y1010812703.204.07
Y2115812652.843.83
Y3220812603.063.90
Y4110812703.233.99
Y5215812653.143.65
Y6020812602.484.00
Y7210812702.984.40
Y8015812653.324.24
Y9120812602.964.54
Y10115812652.524.29
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The range analysis results of each influencing factor

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影响因素水平养护7 d养护28 d
均值影响权重均值影响权重
尾砂:戈壁料3:73.033.93
4:62.952.333.883.64
1:13.094.39
镁渣10%3.144.15
15%3.105.173.911.71
20%2.834.15
NaOH0%3.004.10
1%3.011.004.121.00
2%3.063.98
影响排序镁渣>尾砂∶戈壁料>NaOH尾砂∶戈壁料>镁渣>NaOH
), ArticleFig(id=1322162099179078642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161814763324214, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

各影响因素的极差分析结果

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影响因素水平养护7 d养护28 d
均值影响权重均值影响权重
尾砂:戈壁料3:73.033.93
4:62.952.333.883.64
1:13.094.39
镁渣10%3.144.15
15%3.105.173.911.71
20%2.834.15
NaOH0%3.004.10
1%3.011.004.121.00
2%3.063.98
影响排序镁渣>尾砂∶戈壁料>NaOH尾砂∶戈壁料>镁渣>NaOH
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工业镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体的力学性能研究
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张明 1 , 路彦忠 1 , 潘泽 1 , 余江明 1 , 杜佳新 1 , 薛改利 2
矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025,45(9): 52-59
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矿业研究与开发 |采矿与矿山充填 2025 , 45 (9) : 52 -59
工业镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体的力学性能研究
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张明(1986—),男,湖北天门人,高级工程师,主要研究方向为金属非金属矿山安全生产管理及技术。E-mail:

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张明1 , 路彦忠1, 潘泽1, 余江明1, 杜佳新1, 薛改利2
作者信息
  • 1.新疆哈巴河阿舍勒铜业股份有限公司,新疆 阿勒泰地区 836706
  • 2.太原理工大学矿业工程学院,山西 太原 030024
通讯作者:
薛改利(1987—),女,河南濮阳人,博士,副研究员,主要研究方向为矿山充填及固废资源化利用。E-mail:
作者简介:

张明(1986—),男,湖北天门人,高级工程师,主要研究方向为金属非金属矿山安全生产管理及技术。E-mail:

Study on the Mechanical Properties of High-Sulfur Tailings Backfill Excited by Industrial Magnesium Slag
Ming ZHANG1 , Yanzhong LU1, Ze PAN1, Jiangming YU1, Jiaxin DU1, Gaili XUE2
Affiliations
  • 1.Xinjiang Habahe Ashele Copper Industry Co., Ltd., Altay Region, Xinjiang 836706, China
  • 2.College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25
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以高硫尾砂和戈壁料为混合充填骨料,探讨工业镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体的力学性能。进行了不同镁渣掺量对充填体抗压强度影响的初探试验,并采用NaOH作为碱性激发剂,通过正交试验系统分析了高硫尾砂充填体的配比参数对抗压强度、应力–应变曲线特征及破坏模式的影响。结果表明,当尾砂:戈壁料为1:1, NaOH掺量为1%时,充填体28 d抗压强度达到最大值,为4.54 MPa。NaOH对镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体力学性能具有优化效果,合理控制高硫尾砂、NaOH与镁渣掺量可显著提升充填体抗压强度。提高NaOH、镁渣、高硫尾砂掺量能够提升充填体力学强度,但会导致其破坏模式向脆性转变,加剧局部破坏特征。研究成果可为镁渣和高硫尾砂的资源化利用和矿山充填材料的性能优化提供依据。

高硫尾砂  /  镁渣  /  充填体强度  /  复合激发  /  胶结充填

Using high-sulfur tailings and gobi materials as mixed filling aggregates, the mechanical properties of high-sulfur tailings backfill excited by industrial magnesium slag were investigated. A preliminary test was conducted to investigate the effect of different magnesium slag contents on the compressive strength of the backfill. Using NaOH as an alkaline activator, the influence of proportioning parameters of high-sulfur tailings backfill on compressive strength, stress-strain curve characteristics, and failure mode was systematically analyzed through orthogonal tests. The results show that when the ratio of tailings to gobi material is 1:1 and the dosage of NaOH is 1%, the compressive strength of the backfill reaches its maximum value at 28 d, which is 4.54 MPa. NaOH has an optimization effect on the mechanical properties of high-sulfur tailings backfill excited by magnesium slag, and reasonable control of the dosage of high-sulfur tailings, NaOH, and magnesium slag can significantly improve the compressive strength of the backfill. Increasing the dosage of NaOH, magnesium slag, and high-sulfur tailings can enhance the mechanical strength of the backfill, but it will lead to a brittle transition in its failure mode and exacerbate local failure characteristics. The research results can provide a basis for the resource utilization of magnesium slag and high-sulfur tailings, as well as the performance optimization of mine filling materials.

High-sulfur tailing  /  Magnesium slag  /  Backfill strength  /  Composite excitation  /  Cemented filling
张明, 路彦忠, 潘泽, 余江明, 杜佳新, 薛改利. 工业镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体的力学性能研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (9) : 52 -59 .
Ming ZHANG, Yanzhong LU, Ze PAN, Jiangming YU, Jiaxin DU, Gaili XUE. Study on the Mechanical Properties of High-Sulfur Tailings Backfill Excited by Industrial Magnesium Slag[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (9) : 52 -59 .
我国西北部地区镁渣产量丰富,根据当前镁产量估算,镁冶炼行业每年产生冶炼废渣超过650 万 t[1−2]。然而,我国镁渣利用率长期处于较低水平[3],大量镁渣被弃置堆积,不仅占用了土地资源[4-5],还对生态环境造成严重污染[6]。在此背景下,《关于加快推动工业资源综合利用的实施方案》中特别提到要加快推动镁渣综合利用。因此,实现镁渣固废减量化、资源化和无害化处理具有重要意义[7]。
镁渣的主要成分与硅酸盐水泥熟料相似,遇水后可生成具有胶凝特性的水化产物,表现出一定的水化活性[8-10]。其主要成分β-C2S(C2S为硅酸二钙)具有早期反应活性低、水化速率缓慢的特点。因此,学者们通常将镁渣作为辅助胶凝材料,与其他废渣或添加剂混合进行改性或激发[11-13],以达到更好的胶凝效果,并将其应用于采矿充填工艺研究中。韦寒波[14]利用矿渣、粉煤灰、镁渣、脱硫石膏等低品质固废,开展了粉煤灰-矿渣复合胶凝材料开发与充填应用研究,实现了低成本绿色充填采矿。路广军等[15]通过单一和复合激发形式对镁渣胶凝特性进行研究,分析得出添加水玻璃和氢氧化钠能明显提高镁渣的胶凝活性。徐明刚等[16]以镁渣和粉煤灰为胶凝材料代替水泥,研究了改性镁渣基充填材料的流变特性、力学特性和孔隙结构,得出当粉煤灰掺量为20%、尾砂含量为40%时充填体具有最佳性能。程康力[17]进一步研究了灰砂比、料浆质量浓度和粉煤灰掺量对改性镁渣基充填材料性能的影响,并建立了充填体的损伤本构模型以探究损伤演化规律。周鹏[18]探讨了镁渣基充填材料的制备工艺,研究了改性镁渣基胶凝材料的水化反应、孔隙结构和微观形貌。此外,李亚芳[19]研究了高强度和低强度镁渣基充填材料的抗压强度、膨胀性能和流动性,并进一步探究了镁渣泡沫混凝土材料的综合性能。刘浪等[20]在CO2储库构筑与封存方法的探索中,提出了基于改性镁渣基矿用胶凝材料制备功能性充填材料,不仅可构筑满足防渗、强度要求的充填柱,还实现了CO2物理与化学协同封存。陶博识等[21]利用矿渣微粉、镁渣和脱硫石膏开发低成本胶凝材料,并引入玻璃纤维作为改性材料,以优化和改善充填体的力学性能。刘浪等[22]基于建筑物下特厚煤层充填成本高等问题,提出了一种镁渣基全固废充填技术,即以化学优化剂稳定镁渣的水化活性,并结合其他固废材料形成改性镁渣基胶凝材料。由此可见,将镁渣固废综合利用与矿山充填技术相结合,不仅能解决镁渣带来的环境污染问题,还能有效控制矿山充填成本,同时提高充填体强度的稳定性。
本研究以高硫尾砂和戈壁料作为混合充填骨料,以镁渣、生石灰、矿渣微粉和脱硫石膏为胶凝材料,采用NaOH作为碱性激发剂,通过正交试验方法系统研究了镁渣激发高硫尾砂基充填体配比参数对抗压强度、应力-应变曲线和破坏模式的影响。
阿舍勒铜矿位于新疆北部阿勒泰地区哈巴河县境内,自投产以来一直采用充填采矿法,并先后开展了多项充填材料和工艺改进研究。根据矿体赋存条件差异,厚度大于15 m的矿体,采用大直径深孔空场嗣后充填采矿法;厚度小于15 m的矿体,采用分段空场嗣后充填采矿法(占比30%)开采;部分矿脉较薄且破碎的高品位矿体,采用下向进路充填采矿法。目前矿山主要采用高硫尾砂和戈壁料的混合骨料,配合M37.5水泥和矿渣微粉组成的胶凝材料进行充填作业,充填料浆质量浓度约为77%。然而,高硫尾砂中的硫酸盐会对胶结充填体产生侵蚀作用,影响其长期强度稳定性。因此,本文将探究高硫尾砂充填体的力学性能,以期在满足矿山充填体长期稳定的前提下,降低复合充填材料综合成本。
胶结充填体采用高硫尾砂和戈壁料为混合骨料构成其骨架结构,充填材料主要化学成分见表1。戈壁料的粒径分布范围较广,以惰性成分为主,其中小于1 mm的颗粒占比达39.12%。高硫尾砂的矿物相主要由石英、云母、石膏和绿泥石组成,属于细粒级尾砂,烧失量为17.03%。矿渣微粉的矿物相以黄铁矿和石英为主,活性系数为1.99,碱性系数为1.37,属于碱性的高质量矿渣粉。尾砂和矿渣微粉的粒径分布曲线如图1所示。生石灰中氧化钙的含量达85.20%,脱硫石膏中氧化钙和三氧化硫累计含量达88.51%。镁渣主要矿物成分为γ−C2S和β−C2S,同时含有少量的C3S(硅酸三钙)和 CaO·MgO·SiO2(钙镁橄榄石),其XRD图谱如图2所示。由图2可以看出,镁渣与水泥、矿渣等胶凝材料具有相似的化学组成,具有潜在活性。
(1)单轴抗压强度试验。将原材料按照特定比例混合均匀配制成充填料浆,然后倒入尺寸为Φ50 mm×100 mm的标准模具养护至设定龄期。随后,将成型试样的顶部和底部用砂纸磨平,并且采用游标卡尺测量试样的尺寸。采用5969型万能材料试验机进行单轴抗压测试,位移加载速率为1.0 mm/min,实时采集荷载与位移数据。
(2)塌落度测试。配制灰砂比为1∶10、不同质量浓度的充填料浆,进行塌落度测试,记录塌落度和扩展度。
表2为不同配制条件充填料浆的塌落度测试结果。由表2可知,充填料浆的塌落度随着料浆质量浓度的降低而增大,即低浓度充填料浆的流动性能更好,与此同时,充填料浆的保水性能也随之降低,导致泌出水量增加。针对100%全尾砂充填料浆,当料浆质量浓度为70%时,充填料浆的塌落度值为29.5 cm,扩展度为98.0 cm×100.0 cm,料浆基本处于完全延展状态。针对40%尾砂+60%戈壁料充填料浆,当料浆质量浓度为80%时,塌落度仅为18.5 cm,充填料浆的流动性能较差,难以实现自流输送;当料浆质量浓度为79%时,塌落度为24.5 cm,充填料浆流动性能得以明显改善;当料浆质量浓度为77%和75%时,塌落度分别为27.0 cm和29.0 cm,此时充填料浆的保水性能仍较好,且已完全处于延展状态。
基于上述充填料浆的流动性能试验结果,合理设定镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体的料浆质量浓度。镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体的初探试验共分为3个部分:(1)复合胶凝材料包含镁渣、脱硫石膏和矿渣微粉,镁渣掺量最大为35%,试验发现充填体早期强度值偏低,脱模失败;(2)复合胶凝材料包含镁渣、生石灰、脱硫石膏和矿渣微粉,确定镁渣掺量最大为20%;(3)设置10组充填体配比试验,第1~9组充填料浆质量浓度为76%,第10组充填料浆质量浓度为72%。镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体试验参数见表3, 7 d单轴抗压强度测试结果如图3所示。
由表3得知,充填体试样的密度约为2.0 g/cm3,当高硫尾砂∶戈壁集料为1∶1时,胶结充填体试样的密度较大,完整性最好。由图3可以发现,当骨料配比相同时,随着镁渣掺量的增加,充填体强度逐渐降低;当镁渣掺量相同时,随着骨料配比中高硫尾砂含量的增加,胶结充填体的强度逐渐增大;当采用100%高硫尾砂作为充填骨料(尾砂∶戈壁料为1∶0),镁渣掺量为15%时,充填体7 d抗压强度达1.10 MPa,高于100%水泥为胶凝材料时的充填体强度(7 d抗压强度为0.85 MPa)。当尾砂∶戈壁料为1∶1时,提高镁渣掺量充填体早期强度变化不大,即提高高硫尾砂在复合充填材料中的含量有利于掺加镁渣。同时,镁渣还有利于减弱充填体后期劣化现象。
图4为镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体的破坏模式,充填体压裂损伤区域的面积与破坏过程的耗散能量呈正相关关系。从图4可以看出,随着尾砂掺量的增加,充填体的裂纹扩展形态趋于复杂,压缩破坏后的主裂纹宽度逐渐增大。当尾砂∶戈壁料为3∶7,镁渣掺量为10%时,充填体呈拉伸破坏,仅产生局部细小裂纹,整体结构保持较高的完整性。当镁渣掺量为15%时,试样产生了局部剪切破坏。当尾砂∶戈壁料为4∶6时,充填体发生了显著的脆性拉伸破坏,具有明显的竖向贯穿裂纹,表面伴有局部碎块崩落现象。当尾砂:戈壁料为1:1时,镁渣含量的增加导致试样局部出现严重的崩解现象,试样内部的基质分布不均匀,破坏面粗糙。全尾砂试样破坏形态较完整,形成垂直于主应力的贯穿初始裂纹及衍生细纹。充填体破坏模式表明,掺入过量的高硫尾砂和镁渣会显著加剧充填体内部的不均匀性,导致其破坏形态更加复杂并降低结构稳定性。
基于上述初探试验结果,开展镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体的优化试验研究,采用NaOH作为碱性激发剂设计正交试验方案,NaOH掺量分别为0、1%和2%。同时,由于碱性环境有利于抑制硫酸根离子的析出,将生石灰掺量调整为8%,脱硫石膏掺量调整为12%,以减弱碱性环境对试验结果的影响。优化试验料浆质量浓度、骨料配比等参数见表3,优化试验方案及结果见表4和图5。
由表4和图5可知,高硫尾砂、NaOH与镁渣掺量对充填体强度的作用机制较为复杂。当尾砂∶戈壁料为3∶7时,掺入NaOH前后充填体7 d 和 28 d 强度均较为稳定;当尾砂∶戈壁料为4∶6时,NaOH对充填体的早期强度具有显著的激发作用,但其增强效果在长期养护中有所降低;当尾砂∶戈壁料为1∶1时,随着NaOH掺量的增加,充填体28 d抗压强度先增加后减小,并在NaOH掺量为1%时达到最大值,为4.54 MPa。试验结果表明,NaOH对镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体力学性能具有优化效果,合理控制高硫尾砂、NaOH与镁渣掺量可显著提升充填体抗压强度。
测量充填体试样密度和沉缩率,探究其致密性变化,结果如图6所示。由图6(a)可知,试样密度集中在约2 g/cm3,且尾砂∶戈壁料为1∶1时,充填体密度偏高,材料密实性较好。由图6(b)可知,不同充填体试样养护7 d和28 d后均存在约3%的沉缩率,这种沉缩现象在一定程度上影响着充填区域的整体稳定性。
通过对优化试验结果进行极差分析,评估不同影响因素对镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体抗压强度的影响作用。计算各影响因素各水平下充填体抗压强度均值,并求得其极差,极差最小的因素影响权重为1,其余因素影响权重按极差倍数确定,结果见表5。由表5可知,当养护龄期为7 d时,镁渣掺量对镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体抗压强度的影响最为显著,影响权重达到了5.17,表明该因素直接影响高硫尾砂充填体早期强度的发展,充填体强度最优时的镁渣掺量为10%;尾砂∶戈壁料次之,NaOH掺量影响最小。当养护龄期为28 d时,尾砂∶戈壁料的影响权重为3.64,即尾砂骨料比例的调整对长期强度有着重要影响,本试验中尾砂∶戈壁料最优配比为1∶1。NaOH掺量对充填体抗压强度影响较低,但仍具有一定的促进作用。由此可见,在镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体的优化过程中,合理调整高硫尾砂、NaOH与镁渣掺量是提高抗压强度的关键措施。
镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体的应力–应变曲线如图7所示。可以看出,充填体的应力–应变曲线呈现明显的4阶段演化特征:孔隙压实阶段、弹性变形阶段、塑性变形阶段和峰后破坏阶段。在孔隙压实阶段,7 d养护龄期的充填体表现出较长的孔隙压实阶段,这表明充填体早期内部结构尚未完全密实,具有较大的可压缩性;随着养护龄期延长至28 d,孔隙压实阶段明显缩短,表明充填体内部孔隙逐渐密实,抗压强度提高。在弹性变形阶段,28 d养护龄期的充填体表现出更大的刚度,充填体的抗变形能力增强,但其塑性变形阶段相对较短,随着应变的增大应力迅速达到峰值并进入破坏阶段。具体而言,Y7、Y8、Y9等试样致密度较高,峰后破坏阶段的应力–应变曲线呈快速下降趋势,尤其是在28 d养护条件下,充填体应力达到峰值应力后迅速失效,显示出脆性破坏特征。
图8为养护28 d镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体的破坏模式。
由图8可知,镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体在破坏过程中表现出不同程度的碎裂和表面剥落,其中Y4、Y5、Y8和Y9充填体试样的块体剥落现象最为严重,破坏面复杂粗糙,并且产生了宽度较大的贯穿拉伸裂纹和局部剪切裂纹。且Y9试样裂纹呈“Y”形,表明试样在承受轴向压力时产生了明显的应力集中并伴有脆性破坏。Y1、Y2试样压缩后具有良好的完整性,仅产生平行于加载方向的局部拉伸细纹。镁渣或NaOH掺量较大的充填体试样(Y3、Y7)破坏模式表现为局部碎裂和表面崩落,且破坏面较为粗糙,表现为充填体在应力作用下的脆性失效。破坏模式分析表明,提高尾砂、镁渣和NaOH掺量虽能提升充填体强度,但可能导致其破坏模式向脆性转变,并加剧局部破坏特征。
(1)塌落度测试结果显示,在满足保水性要求的前提下,100%全尾砂充填料浆满足输送的质量浓度范围为70%~74%,40%尾砂+60%戈壁料充填料浆满足输送的质量浓度范围为75%~79%。
(2)镁渣主要矿物成分为γ−C2S和β−C2S,同时含有少量的C3S和CaO•MgO•SiO2,具有潜在活性。初探试验结果表明,当骨料配比相同时,随着镁渣掺量的增加,充填体强度逐渐降低。同时,掺入过量的高硫尾砂和镁渣会显著加剧充填体内部结构的不均匀性,导致其破坏形态复杂。
(3)优化试验结果表明,NaOH在镁渣和高硫尾砂的水化过程中起到了促进作用,对镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体力学性能具有优化效果,合理控制高硫尾砂、NaOH与镁渣掺量可显著提升充填体抗压强度。当尾砂∶戈壁料为1∶1, NaOH掺量为1%时,充填体28 d抗压强度达到最大值,为4.54 MPa。
(4)镁渣激发高硫尾砂充填体随NaOH、镁渣、高硫尾砂掺量的变化而表现出不同的破坏特征,提高NaOH、镁渣、高硫尾砂掺量能够提升充填体力学强度,但会导致其破坏模式向脆性转变,加剧局部破坏特征。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52404138)
  • 中国博士后科学基金项目(2022M711432)
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2025年第45卷第9期
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  • 接收时间:2024-10-31
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-31
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52404138)
中国博士后科学基金项目(2022M711432)
作者信息
    1.新疆哈巴河阿舍勒铜业股份有限公司,新疆 阿勒泰地区 836706
    2.太原理工大学矿业工程学院,山西 太原 030024

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薛改利(1987—),女,河南濮阳人,博士,副研究员,主要研究方向为矿山充填及固废资源化利用。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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