Article(id=1322161739387490914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322161562689847927, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732032000000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793157523246, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793157523246, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793157523246, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793157523246, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322161562689847927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='278', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1756051200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793157481119, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158854568, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322167323411198934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322161562689847927, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322167323411198935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322161562689847927, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=155, endPage=161, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322161741123932772, articleId=1322161739387490914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Study on the Effect of Temperature Cyclic Impact on the Geometrical Distribution Characteristics of Coal Rock Pores and Fractures, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Recognizing the geometric characteristics of pores and fractures distribution in coal rocks is essential for controlling the directional expansion of these features and improving the permeability of coal composite reservoirs. The evolution of pores and fractures geometry in coal rocks under cyclic temperature impacts was investigated. Cyclic temperature experiments were conducted at high temperature(200 ℃)and low temperature(-196 ℃)for 0, 1, 5, 10 and 15 times of temperature cycles. Anthracite and sandstone specimens were subjected to these cycles, and ultrasonic velocity measurements alongside industrial CT scanning were used to analyze changes in ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity and the equivalent diameters, openings, and tilting angles of pores and fractures. The influence of temperature impact on the geometric distribution characteristics of pores and fractures was explained. The results are concluded as follows. (1) The largest decrease in longitudinal wave speed for anthracite occurs after the first temperature cycle, with a relative attenuation rate of 31.26%, while the largest decrease for sandstone occurs after the fifth cycle with a relative attenuation rate of 20.86%. The wave speed for both materials continued to decline with increasing cycles. (2) There is a linear correlation between the openness of coal rock pores and their equivalent diameters. Overall porosity increases logarithmically with the number of temperature cycles. Anthracite is more sensitive to temperature changes compared to sandstone during the cyclic impacts. (3) Porosity increases logarithmically with the number of temperature cycles, reaching a maximum of 93.31% for anthracite and 20.97% for sandstone after the 1st and 5th cycles, respectively. (4) The inclination range of primary fractures in anthracite is wide, whereas in sandstone, it is narrowly concentrated around 0°. With increasing cycles, the fracture inclination angle in anthracite decreases logarithmically, while in sandstone, it increases following an exponential decay pattern.

, authors=Yuxu SHEN1, 2, Jiachang WANG3, Jianting KANG4, Junqing GUO2, authorsList=Yuxu SHEN, Jiachang WANG, Jianting KANG, Junqing GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322161746492641918, articleId=1322161739387490914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=温度循环冲击作用对煤岩孔裂隙几何分布特征的影响研究, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

认识煤岩孔裂隙分布的几何特征,是实现控制孔裂隙定向扩展、改善煤系复合储层孔渗条件的前提。为研究温度循环冲击过程中煤岩孔裂隙几何分布的演化特征,对无烟煤和砂岩开展了高温(200 ℃)、低温(-196 ℃)条件下的温度冲击0次、1次、5次、10次、15次的循环试验,使用超声波测速、工业显微CT扫描技术,分析了煤岩超声波纵波波速与孔裂隙的等效直径、开度、倾斜角度的变化规律,阐释了温度冲击对孔裂隙几何分布特征的影响规律。结果表明:(1)无烟煤试样在第1次温度冲击时,纵波波速下降幅度最大,相对衰减率为31.26%;砂岩试样在第5次温度冲击后,纵波波速下降幅度最大,相对衰减率为20.86%,两种试样的波速都随冲击次数的增加逐渐减小;(2)煤岩孔裂隙的开度与等效直径线性相关,试样整体孔隙度随温度冲击次数的增加呈对数规律增加,相比砂岩,无烟煤对冲击过程中温度的变化更为敏感;(3)煤岩孔隙度随温度冲击次数的增加呈对数规律增加,无烟煤和砂岩分别在第1次、第5次温度冲击时,孔隙度增长幅度达到最大,分别为93.31%、20.97%;(4)无烟煤原生孔裂隙的倾角范围大,而砂岩原生孔裂隙的倾角范围小,多集中在0°左右;随着冲击次数的增加,无烟煤孔裂隙倾角呈对数规律减小,砂岩孔裂隙倾角呈指数衰减型增加。

, authors=沈玉旭1, 2, 汪家畅3, 康健婷4, 郭俊庆2, authorsList=沈玉旭, 汪家畅, 康健婷, 郭俊庆, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

沈玉旭(1986—),男,山西万荣人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为巷道围岩控制方面的教学和研究工作。E-mail:

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沈玉旭(1986—),男,山西万荣人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为巷道围岩控制方面的教学和研究工作。E-mail:

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journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161739387490914, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同冲击作用下煤岩试样孔裂隙倾角的变化特征, figureFileSmall=gW1m7cTZOJrpNsnmpeCJug==, figureFileBig=kudQbTnKN6h4uO+jcFF00g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161751978791621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161739387490914, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Measurement and analysis results of coal specimen

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煤样工业分析
水分灰分挥发分固定碳镜质组最大反射率
无烟煤1.5923.209.7165.52.43
煤样元素分析
CHOS
无烟煤86.522.646.833.32
), ArticleFig(id=1322161752054289095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161739387490914, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

煤样的测定分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
煤样工业分析
水分灰分挥发分固定碳镜质组最大反射率
无烟煤1.5923.209.7165.52.43
煤样元素分析
CHOS
无烟煤86.522.646.833.32
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温度循环冲击作用对煤岩孔裂隙几何分布特征的影响研究
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沈玉旭 1, 2 , 汪家畅 3 , 康健婷 4 , 郭俊庆 2
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(8): 155-161
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (8) : 155 -161
温度循环冲击作用对煤岩孔裂隙几何分布特征的影响研究
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沈玉旭(1986—),男,山西万荣人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为巷道围岩控制方面的教学和研究工作。E-mail:

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沈玉旭(1986—),男,山西万荣人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为巷道围岩控制方面的教学和研究工作。E-mail:

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沈玉旭1, 2 , 汪家畅3, 康健婷4, 郭俊庆2
作者信息
  • 1.山西能源学院 矿业工程系,山西 晋中市 030600
  • 2.太原理工大学原位改性采矿教育部重点实验室,山西 太原 030024
  • 3.中国矿业大学(北京)应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083
  • 4.太原理工大学安全与应急管理工程学院,山西 太原 030024
作者简介:

沈玉旭(1986—),男,山西万荣人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为巷道围岩控制方面的教学和研究工作。E-mail:

Study on the Effect of Temperature Cyclic Impact on the Geometrical Distribution Characteristics of Coal Rock Pores and Fractures
Yuxu SHEN1, 2 , Jiachang WANG3, Jianting KANG4, Junqing GUO2
Affiliations
  • 1.Mining Engineering Department, Shanxi Institute of Energy, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030600, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of In-Situ Property-Improving Mining of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
  • 3.School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
  • 4.School of Safety and Emergency Management Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25
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认识煤岩孔裂隙分布的几何特征,是实现控制孔裂隙定向扩展、改善煤系复合储层孔渗条件的前提。为研究温度循环冲击过程中煤岩孔裂隙几何分布的演化特征,对无烟煤和砂岩开展了高温(200 ℃)、低温(-196 ℃)条件下的温度冲击0次、1次、5次、10次、15次的循环试验,使用超声波测速、工业显微CT扫描技术,分析了煤岩超声波纵波波速与孔裂隙的等效直径、开度、倾斜角度的变化规律,阐释了温度冲击对孔裂隙几何分布特征的影响规律。结果表明:(1)无烟煤试样在第1次温度冲击时,纵波波速下降幅度最大,相对衰减率为31.26%;砂岩试样在第5次温度冲击后,纵波波速下降幅度最大,相对衰减率为20.86%,两种试样的波速都随冲击次数的增加逐渐减小;(2)煤岩孔裂隙的开度与等效直径线性相关,试样整体孔隙度随温度冲击次数的增加呈对数规律增加,相比砂岩,无烟煤对冲击过程中温度的变化更为敏感;(3)煤岩孔隙度随温度冲击次数的增加呈对数规律增加,无烟煤和砂岩分别在第1次、第5次温度冲击时,孔隙度增长幅度达到最大,分别为93.31%、20.97%;(4)无烟煤原生孔裂隙的倾角范围大,而砂岩原生孔裂隙的倾角范围小,多集中在0°左右;随着冲击次数的增加,无烟煤孔裂隙倾角呈对数规律减小,砂岩孔裂隙倾角呈指数衰减型增加。

温度循环冲击  /  孔裂隙分布  /  几何特征  /  煤层气

Recognizing the geometric characteristics of pores and fractures distribution in coal rocks is essential for controlling the directional expansion of these features and improving the permeability of coal composite reservoirs. The evolution of pores and fractures geometry in coal rocks under cyclic temperature impacts was investigated. Cyclic temperature experiments were conducted at high temperature(200 ℃)and low temperature(-196 ℃)for 0, 1, 5, 10 and 15 times of temperature cycles. Anthracite and sandstone specimens were subjected to these cycles, and ultrasonic velocity measurements alongside industrial CT scanning were used to analyze changes in ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity and the equivalent diameters, openings, and tilting angles of pores and fractures. The influence of temperature impact on the geometric distribution characteristics of pores and fractures was explained. The results are concluded as follows. (1) The largest decrease in longitudinal wave speed for anthracite occurs after the first temperature cycle, with a relative attenuation rate of 31.26%, while the largest decrease for sandstone occurs after the fifth cycle with a relative attenuation rate of 20.86%. The wave speed for both materials continued to decline with increasing cycles. (2) There is a linear correlation between the openness of coal rock pores and their equivalent diameters. Overall porosity increases logarithmically with the number of temperature cycles. Anthracite is more sensitive to temperature changes compared to sandstone during the cyclic impacts. (3) Porosity increases logarithmically with the number of temperature cycles, reaching a maximum of 93.31% for anthracite and 20.97% for sandstone after the 1st and 5th cycles, respectively. (4) The inclination range of primary fractures in anthracite is wide, whereas in sandstone, it is narrowly concentrated around 0°. With increasing cycles, the fracture inclination angle in anthracite decreases logarithmically, while in sandstone, it increases following an exponential decay pattern.

Temperature cyclic impact  /  Pore and fracture distribution  /  Geometric characteristics  /  Coalbed methane
沈玉旭, 汪家畅, 康健婷, 郭俊庆. 温度循环冲击作用对煤岩孔裂隙几何分布特征的影响研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (8) : 155 -161 .
Yuxu SHEN, Jiachang WANG, Jianting KANG, Junqing GUO. Study on the Effect of Temperature Cyclic Impact on the Geometrical Distribution Characteristics of Coal Rock Pores and Fractures[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (8) : 155 -161 .
随着勘探和开发非常规煤层气技术的发展与应用,我国现已探明煤层气储量约为6.8×1013 m3,占天然气总量的34%,居世界第三位[1]。但复杂的地质条件使煤层气藏储层具有岩性致密、渗透率低和强非均质性等特点,严重制约了煤层气的高效抽采[2-3]。为提高煤系复合储层的渗透性,常采用水力压裂[4]、水平钻井[5]等方法增渗增透,虽然这些方法在工程应用上取得了很好的效果,但仍存在需水量多、工程量大、污染环境等问题。考虑到孔裂隙分布是影响煤层气运移的关键因素,以及深部地层温度对储层结构的影响,本文拟采用温度循环冲击的方式改善煤系复合储层的孔渗条件,以达到煤层气开采提质增量的目的。
近年来,国内外学者针对高温或低温作用对煤岩孔裂隙的演化特征做了大量研究。LIU等[6-8]对25 ℃、300 ℃、600 ℃、900 ℃、1 000 ℃和1 200 ℃条件下的砂岩进行了核磁共振与CT扫描试验,分析发现中小孔在孔隙的演变过程中占有主导地位,在1 200 ℃时砂岩中小孔的孔隙率占比高达98.8%,试样整体孔隙率达到了16.5%。李海琪等[9]基于显微CT技术研究了不同高温水蒸气对长焰煤微细观结构的影响,发现当温度超过300 ℃的阈值时,有机质热解成为煤体形成贯通裂隙网络的主要原因。以上研究表明,高温虽有利于煤岩孔裂隙的发育和扩展,但所需温度通常较高,且深部地层条件下难以实现。因此,有学者进一步对低温条件下煤岩孔裂隙的变化进行了探索。CAI等[10]进行了液氮致裂无烟煤与砂岩的对比试验,发现无烟煤的渗透率提高了93.55%,而砂岩渗透率仅提高了21%,得出了液氮更易改变无烟煤孔裂隙结构特征的初步结论。随后,魏则宁等[11]发现煤体孔裂隙结构特征的改变,是液氮冲击作用促进了煤体中大孔的快速发育所造成的。结合高温和低温对煤岩损伤裂化特性,有学者采用高温与低温相结合的方式对煤岩进行了温度冲击的研究。如王登科等[12-13]对不同温差条件下的煤岩试样进行温度冲击试验,采用工业显微CT与三维重构技术对煤岩试样裂隙进行了可视化表征分析,得知冲击产生的热应力位于试样表面的切向方向,裂隙数量显著增加,且呈Y形扩展。阎俞佐等[14]采用4因素4水平的正交试验法研究了不同高低温条件下无烟煤孔隙结构的变化,总结得出温差是影响煤岩孔裂结构变化的主要因素,温度冲击作用有助于煤岩储集气体的释放和运移。WANG等[15]借助工业显微CT等技术进一步研究了温度冲击作用对煤岩孔裂隙分布特征的影响,分析发现煤岩孔裂隙结构的改变取决于微观结构和矿物组成,孔裂隙的等效直径近似呈正态分布特征。
上述研究表明,温度冲击作用可以促进煤岩孔裂隙的发育扩展,但目前研究多集中在温度作用对煤岩的孔裂隙结构、渗透特性和力学特性的影响,对温度冲击作用后煤岩孔裂隙的开度、等效直径、倾角等几何特征鲜有研究,而明确温度作用对煤岩孔裂隙几何参数的影响研究是提高煤层气高效抽采的关键科学问题之一。因此,本文借助工业显微CT和三维数字重构技术,定量统计分析温度循环冲击作用后无烟煤和砂岩孔裂隙几何参数的演化特征,进而阐述温度冲击作用对煤岩孔裂隙变化的影响机理,以期为煤层气抽采的提质增效提供理论参考。
试样采自山西晋城高平东峰煤矿的3号煤及其顶板的细粒砂岩,将选取的大块煤岩样品使用保鲜膜密封,并运送至实验室。依据《煤的工业分析方法》(GB/T 212—2008)等国家标准对煤样进行测试分析,煤样测定分析结果见表1。由表1可知,煤样的镜质组最大反射率为2.43%,属于无烟煤;依据《沉积岩中黏土矿物和常见非黏土矿物X射线衍射分析法》(SY/T 5163—2018)标准对岩样进行了X射线衍射成分含量测试,砂岩试样的XRD图谱如图1所示。使用ZIZ-SLD-160E型混凝土钻孔取芯机垂直于岩石层理的方向钻取岩芯,并加工打磨成直径为20 mm、高为30 mm的圆柱体试样,端面平整度误差为±0.05 mm。
(1)温度循环冲击试验。使用SN-GDCJ-150型高低温冲击试验箱进行200 ℃高温冲击试验,试验箱温度范围为-75~200 ℃,温度波动值±0.5 ℃,温度偏差±2.0 ℃。
设定SN-GDCJ-150型高低温冲击试验箱的温度为200 ℃,待箱内温度稳定在200 ℃后放入煤岩试样。考虑试样均匀受热、受冷和基体充分缩胀等因素,确定高温冲击时长为2 h。待高温冲击结束后,使用YDS-10-125型液氮罐进行-196 ℃低温冲击试验。将煤岩试样在10 s内快速放入-196 ℃的液氮罐中,确保试样完全浸没,低温冲击并维持2 h[16]。待液氮罐中的液氮完全挥发且煤岩试样温度恢复至25 ℃时为1次温度冲击,温度循环冲击次数分别为0, 1,5, 10, 15次。依据I-RPT岩石参数测试方法检测温度循环冲击0, 1,5, 10, 15次条件下煤岩试样的P波速度,并求取平均P波速度。
(2)CT扫描试验。使用NanoVoxel-4000型X射线三维CT检测系统对煤岩试样进行CT扫描。该扫描系统采用独特的X光光学显微成像技术,是一种拥有高分辨率的三维全息显微成像设备,分辨率最高为2 μm,能够实现对样品的无损检测。搭配计算机软件数字重构技术,可以对样品内部的微观结构进行数字化三维表征。
使用圆形套筒将煤岩试样固定,放入三维CT检测系统的卡盘中心,启动电源、关闭舱门,设置扫描电压为180 kV,电流为150 μA,曝光时间为2 s,像素尺寸为13.28 μm,扫描帧数为1 080 帧。依次对温度循环冲击0, 1,5, 10, 15次后的煤岩试样进行CT扫描。
为定量分析不同温度循环冲击条件下煤岩试样纵波速度的衰减情况,将相对衰减率表示为β:
式中:Pi为煤岩试样受到i次温度循环冲击作用后的平均纵波速度,km/s,i=0,1,5,10,15;Pj为Pi的下一个阶段的平均纵波速度,km/s,j=1,5,10,15。
图2为煤岩试样的纵波速度及衰减率变化情况。由图2可知,无烟煤试样的纵波波速随冲击次数的增加呈负指数规律减小,冲击0, 1,5, 10, 15次后的纵波速度分别为1.561, 1.073, 0.823, 0.721, 0.663 km/s。在第1次冲击作用后无烟煤试样的纵波速度相对衰减率最大,为31.26%。砂岩试样的纵波速度随冲击次数的增加呈对数规律减小,冲击0, 1,5, 10, 15次后的纵波波速分别为1.889, 1.788, 1.415, 1.217, 1.159 km/s。在温度冲击第5次时,砂岩试样的纵波速度相对衰减率最大,为20.86%。表明温度循环冲击作用可以促进试样原生孔裂隙的发育,产生的疲劳损伤和热应力在原生裂隙尖端处聚集积累,温度冲击达到一定次数时损伤之和大于煤岩基体间的抗拉强度,导致次生裂隙的萌生,超声波穿透能力减弱,试样截断声波的能力有所增强,纵波传播速度大幅下降。此外,无烟煤试样的纵波速度相对衰减率整体要略大于砂岩试样的纵波速度相对衰减率,表明温度循环冲击作用更易促进无烟煤孔裂隙的发育扩展。
使用Voxel Studio Recon软件对煤岩CT扫描数据进行三维重构,在Avizo软件截取孔裂隙特征变化明显的区域,其长×宽×高为500 px×500 px×500 px(10 mm×10 mm×10 mm),并进行中值滤波、均衡化变换和分水岭分割等处理[17],将煤岩基体、孔裂隙和黏土矿物质设置为不同颜色加以区分,这里以无烟煤CT数据为例,其处理过程如图3所示。
对三维表征体元中的孔裂隙进行提取,根据煤岩试样整体孔裂隙等效直径的大小平均分为3组,使用不同的颜色进行区分(颜色标识见电子版),其中绿色表示等效直径范围为0~30 μm的孔裂隙,蓝色表示等效直径范围为30~60 μm的孔裂隙,红色表示等效直径大于60 μm的孔裂隙,煤岩试样孔裂隙分布的演变过程如图4所示。由图4可知,在温度冲击前,无烟煤试样与砂岩试样多为微小孔隙,且无烟煤试样的微孔隙数量显著多于砂岩试样的微孔隙数量,随着温度冲击次数的增加,微小孔隙逐渐发育并相互连接贯通,形成了新的孔裂隙网络。这是由于循环的温度冲击作用,使无烟煤试样的内部结构逐渐破坏。在第1次冲击作用后,无烟煤试样的裂隙连通路径变得复杂,从稀疏态演变为网络态,裂隙的发育扩展多集中在原生裂隙处。而砂岩在第5次冲击后,裂隙生成和扩展显得更为显著,且不规则分布,随着冲击次数的增加,裂隙分布密度逐渐增大,其形态更加多样化,形成复杂的分支结构。砂岩在温度循环冲击作用下相对稳定,但逐步出现网状裂隙,而无烟煤在温度冲击初期就表现出显著的裂隙扩展态势,表明无烟煤对温度冲击的耐受性较差。
为揭示煤岩试样孔裂隙的几何特征,定量描述裂隙演化过程,对不同温度冲击次数下煤岩试样三维表征体元孔裂隙的等效直径与开度等参数进行统计分析。图5为不同冲击作用下煤岩试样孔裂隙开度随等效直径的变化特征。
由图5可知,孔裂隙的等效直径与开度之间有较强的相关性,随着等效直径的增加,裂隙开度整体呈逐渐增加的趋势。这是由于煤岩试样受温度冲击的热胀冷缩作用后,产生的热损伤和应力集中聚集在裂隙尖端处,试样微观结构上的损伤积累使孔裂隙彼此贯通,使裂隙尖端向两侧扩展,相邻孔裂隙间发生扩张效应,形成具有较大等效直径的孔裂隙。随着温度冲击次数的增加,孔裂隙的开度与等效直径拟合直线的斜率增大,但其增大的速率逐渐减小,表明煤岩试样对温度冲击的敏感性减弱,次生裂隙的萌生与原生裂隙的扩展趋于稳定,无烟煤试样宏观裂隙的开度远大于砂岩试样裂隙的开度,展现出较大的孔裂隙开度变化特征,说明在无烟煤试样内部更易形成宏观裂隙。此外,无烟煤试样拟合直线的斜率整体显著大于砂岩试样的斜率,可知无烟煤比砂岩对温度的变化更具有敏感性。
孔隙度可以直观反映出孔裂隙开度与等效直径的整体变化关系[18],图6为不同冲击作用下煤岩试样孔隙度及增长幅度的变化曲线。
由图6可知,煤岩试样孔隙度随温度冲击次数的增加呈对数规律增大,砂岩试样的孔隙度远大于无烟煤试样的孔隙度。其中,无烟煤试样温度冲击0, 1,5, 10, 15次后孔隙度分别为2.54%、4.91%、7.41%、9.17%、10.35%,增长幅度分别为93.31%、50.92%、23.75%、12.87%。随冲击次数的增加,孔隙度增长幅度呈逐渐减小的趋势变化,无烟煤试样孔隙度的变化趋于稳定。在第1次冲击作用时,无烟煤试样孔隙度的增长幅度达到最大,这是因为无烟煤试样结构致密,多由煤基质、微孔和细小裂隙等组成,在热应力的作用下,弱化了煤基质间的结合力,使原本紧密的微小孔裂隙迅速扩展或开裂,显著改变了试样的微观结构。砂岩试样温度冲击0, 1,5, 10, 15次后的孔隙度分别为11.65%、12.59%、15.23%、16.71%、17.20%,增长幅度分别为8.07%、20.97%、9.72%、2.93%。随着冲击次数的增加,砂岩试样孔隙度增长幅度呈先增大后减小的趋势。在第5次冲击作用时,砂岩试样孔隙度的增长幅度达到最大,这是因为砂岩是由砂粒和胶结物组成的多孔介质材料,多次冲击作用在试样内部积累了一定的疲劳损伤,当裂隙尖端积聚的热应力之和大于砂岩基体间的拉伸强度时,孔裂隙迅速扩展发育,而随着冲击次数的增加,试样的孔隙度逐渐增大,但增长幅度开始减小。由此可见,无烟煤的整体胶结程度和稳固性相对砂岩均较低,温度冲击作用可以促进无烟煤孔裂隙的增长,而对砂岩的影响相对较小。
采用将孔裂隙等效为球体的方法,对温度冲击前煤岩试样孔裂隙的倾角进行了分析,结果如图7所示。该方法是以球心水平面为基本面,倾角为正值表示孔裂隙向下倾斜,负值表示孔裂隙向上倾斜。从图7可以看出,无烟煤试样原生孔裂隙的倾角范围大,分布广泛复杂,孔裂隙数量较多,而砂岩试样原生孔裂隙的倾角范围稍小,多集中在0°左右,孔裂隙数量较少。该分布特征反映出无烟煤具有明显的各向异性,孔裂隙的扩展方向难以控制,砂岩的孔裂隙分布具有一定的随机性和均匀性。
由于煤岩试样微观结构和热力学特性的差异,在不同温度冲击条件下煤岩的热应力的适应能力和抗裂性能也有所不同,图8展示了不同温度冲击作用下煤岩试样孔裂隙倾角的变化特征。由图8可知,砂岩试样孔裂隙倾角随冲击次数的增加呈指数衰减型增加,增长态势逐渐趋于平缓,无烟煤试样孔裂隙倾角随冲击次数的增加呈对数规律减小,减小趋势逐渐平缓。随着冲击次数的增加,无烟煤试样和砂岩试样孔裂隙倾角变化方向不同,其原因在于无烟煤试样含碳量较高,且无烟煤中含有大量的有机质和矿物质,试样的脆性较强,温度冲击作用促使应力集中并作用于特定方向,使孔裂隙向着更易断裂或延展的方向发展,造成孔裂隙倾角趋向负值增大。而砂岩通常由石英、长石等矿物颗粒与黏土矿物组成,硬度较高,温度冲击作用使砂岩内部多次经历热胀冷缩过程,砂岩基体与黏土矿物等受冷热冲击时膨胀系数的差异性,造成了孔裂隙的扩展和次生裂隙的萌生,其内部孔裂隙网络的重新分布和塑性变形导致孔裂隙倾角趋向正值增大。
(1)无烟煤对温度变化的敏感性比砂岩更高,温度冲击作用下更易生成宏观裂隙。第1次温度冲击作用时,无烟煤孔裂隙迅速发育扩展,形成了复杂的孔裂隙网络;而砂岩在第5次温度冲击作用后,孔裂隙的发育扩展变得显著,且其空间分布呈现明显的不规则特征。
(2)无烟煤与砂岩的孔隙度随冲击次数的增加呈对数规律增大,无烟煤孔隙度增长幅度随冲击次数的增加逐渐减小,第1次冲击作用时孔隙度增长幅度最大,为93.31%;而砂岩孔隙度增长幅度随冲击次数的增加先增大后减小,第5次冲击作用时孔隙度增长幅度最大,为20.97%。
(3)无烟煤原生孔裂隙的倾角范围大,分布广泛复杂;砂岩原生孔裂隙的倾角范围小,分布多集中在0°左右。无烟煤孔裂隙倾角随温度冲击次数的增加呈对数规律减小,砂岩孔裂隙倾角随温度冲击次数的增加呈指数衰减型增加,温度冲击作用可促进无烟煤与砂岩孔裂隙的倾角呈相反态势变化,有益于改善煤岩的孔渗条件。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(42472238)
  • 山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2022L604)
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2025年第45卷第8期
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  • 接收时间:2024-11-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-20
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42472238)
山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2022L604)
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    1.山西能源学院 矿业工程系,山西 晋中市 030600
    2.太原理工大学原位改性采矿教育部重点实验室,山西 太原 030024
    3.中国矿业大学(北京)应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083
    4.太原理工大学安全与应急管理工程学院,山西 太原 030024
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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