Article(id=1322161721729462930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322161562689847927, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740067200000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793157519036, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793157519036, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793157519036, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793157519036, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322161562689847927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='278', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1756051200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793157481119, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158854568, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322167323411198934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322161562689847927, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322167323411198935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322161562689847927, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=217, endPage=225, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322161721943372435, articleId=1322161721729462930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Research on Load Characteristics and Vibration Reduction Technology of Filling Industrial Pump Based on AMEsim, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In response to the problems of pipeline vibration and noise caused by long-distance and large-height-difference transportation of filling industrial pumps, the relationship among pressure drop, pipe diameter, and flow velocity during slurry transportation was studied through filling slurry loop pipeline transportation tests. Based on tests data, a load model for filling industrial pumps and pipeline transportation was established in AMEsim, and the mechanism of the pre-pressure buffer device was studied on this basis. The research results indicate that the resistance loss along the pipeline is positively correlated with flow velocity and negatively correlated with pipe diameter. As the length of the pipeline increases, the peak pressure at the outlet of the pipeline increases linearly, but the rate of change in pressure pulsation decreases. The peak pressure at the outlet of the pipeline is approximately inversely proportional to the square of the pipe diameter. The pre-pressure buffer tank can significantly reduce the pressure pulsation of the filling pipeline. When the ratio of the pre-pressure buffer tank volume to the conveying cylinder volume is 0.45 to 0.55, the vibration reduction effect and economy are both good. The industrial test results on the vibration reduction of the pre-pressure buffer tank show that adding a 60 L pre-pressure buffer tank at the outlet of an 80 m3/h filling pump reduced pressure pulsation to 60% of its original level and reduced pipeline vibration noise by 14 dB, achieving good vibration reduction and noise reduction effects.

, authors=Wei LIU1, 2, Ke JIANG1, 2, Jia SHENG1, 2, Feifei JIANG3, Yongyuan KOU4, Bokun ZHENG1, 2, Chang LIU1, 2, authorsList=Wei LIU, Ke JIANG, Jia SHENG, Feifei JIANG, Yongyuan KOU, Bokun ZHENG, Chang LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ke JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322161729837052610, articleId=1322161721729462930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=基于AMEsim的充填工业泵负载特性及减振技术研究, columnId=1226462295946085268, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山机电与矿业智能化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对充填工业泵在远距离、大高差输送时出现管道振动及噪声的问题,通过充填料浆环管输送试验研究了料浆输送过程中的压力降与管径、流速之间的关系,并基于试验数据在AMEsim中建立了充填工业泵及管道输送负载模型,在此基础上开展了预压缓冲装置作用机理研究。研究结果表明:管道沿程阻力损失与流速成正相关,与管径成负相关;随着管道长度增加,管道出口压力峰值呈线性增加,但压力脉动的变化速率降低,管道出口压力峰值近似与管径的平方成反比;预压缓冲罐能显著降低充填管道的压力脉动,当预压缓冲罐容积与输送缸容积的比值为0.45~0.55时,减振效果与经济性均较好。开展了预压缓冲罐减振工业试验,结果表明,在80 m3/h充填泵出口增设60 L预压缓冲罐,压力脉动降低至原来的60%,管道振动噪声降低了14 dB,取得了良好的减振降噪效果。

, authors=刘伟1, 2, 江科1, 2, 盛佳1, 2, 江飞飞3, 寇永渊4, 郑伯坤1, 2, 刘畅1, 2, authorsList=刘伟, 江科, 盛佳, 江飞飞, 寇永渊, 郑伯坤, 刘畅, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=江科, authorNote=

刘伟(1988—),男,湖北十堰人,硕士,工程师,主要从事矿山充填系统装备技术研究与设计。E-mail:

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江科(1992—),男,湖北天门人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事矿山绿色开采及矿山安全方面的研究工作。E-mail:
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刘伟(1988—),男,湖北十堰人,硕士,工程师,主要从事矿山充填系统装备技术研究与设计。E-mail:

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Noise and Vibration Control, 2022, 42(4): 251-255., articleTitle=Vibration analysis and control of buffer tanks of reciprocating compressors, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322161746660406060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161721729462930, awardId=2022YFC2904003, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2904003), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322161746731709229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161721729462930, awardId=52304156, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(52304156), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322161730101293763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161721729462930, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322161730109682372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161721729462930, companyId=1322161730101293763, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, 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caption=充填工业泵输送过程中流量变化曲线, figureFileSmall=qnym873BJAMmvbmb0HKNqQ==, figureFileBig=PQM74CR7czNzd/UclnuZuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161741346222867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161721729462930, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Variation curves of outlet pressure of the filling industrial pump with pipeline length, figureFileSmall=Fnv5B8ZwJqb/mXJQPUz0NA==, figureFileBig=WGhuy4Rach18uhwN4KE1tQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161741409137428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161721729462930, language=CN, label=图9, caption=充填泵出口压力随管道长度变化曲线, figureFileSmall=Fnv5B8ZwJqb/mXJQPUz0NA==, figureFileBig=WGhuy4Rach18uhwN4KE1tQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161741476246293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161721729462930, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Variation curves of outlet pressure with the pipe diameter of the filling 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161721729462930, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=The influence of the volume of the pre-pressure surge tank on pressure pulsation, figureFileSmall=4245aBKzi9VCiyW3zqbG8w==, figureFileBig=VKpGq2c9zj6YxGZiTnLm9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161745884459811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161721729462930, language=CN, label=图15, caption=预压缓冲罐容积对压力脉动的影响, figureFileSmall=4245aBKzi9VCiyW3zqbG8w==, figureFileBig=VKpGq2c9zj6YxGZiTnLm9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161745959957284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161721729462930, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Test data of the resistance loss along pipelines

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
流速/(m/s)管径/mm沿程阻力损失/(kPa/m)流速/(m/s)管径/mm沿程阻力损失/(kPa/m)
1.012512.532.012522.52
14011.5014018.87
1808.5418012.85
1.512517.562.512527.84
14014.2214022.85
18010.5418015.97
), ArticleFig(id=1322161746052231973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161721729462930, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

管道沿程阻力损失试验数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
流速/(m/s)管径/mm沿程阻力损失/(kPa/m)流速/(m/s)管径/mm沿程阻力损失/(kPa/m)
1.012512.532.012522.52
14011.5014018.87
1808.5418012.85
1.512517.562.512527.84
14014.2214022.85
18010.5418015.97
), ArticleFig(id=1322161746131923750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161721729462930, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Main component parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元件参数取值
变量泵泵排量520 mL/r
转速1 450 r/min
溢流阀溢流开启压力30 MPa
电液换向阀最大开度流量400 L/min
最大流量压降1 MPa
主油缸主油缸缸径160 mm
活塞杆直径90 mm
行程2 100 mm
输送缸输送缸缸径260 mm
), ArticleFig(id=1322161746224198439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161721729462930, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

主要元件参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元件参数取值
变量泵泵排量520 mL/r
转速1 450 r/min
溢流阀溢流开启压力30 MPa
电液换向阀最大开度流量400 L/min
最大流量压降1 MPa
主油缸主油缸缸径160 mm
活塞杆直径90 mm
行程2 100 mm
输送缸输送缸缸径260 mm
), ArticleFig(id=1322161746316473128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161721729462930, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The relationship between the volume of the pre-pressure surge tank and pressure pulsation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
缓冲罐容积/L缓冲罐容积与输送缸容积比最大压力/MPa最小压力/MPa压力脉动/MPa增设预压缓冲罐前后的压力脉动比
0(不增设预压缓冲罐)0.002.670.941.731.00
500.452.511.501.010.58
1000.902.291.680.610.35
1501.352.151.690.460.26
), ArticleFig(id=1322161746387776297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161721729462930, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

预压缓冲罐容积与压力脉动的关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
缓冲罐容积/L缓冲罐容积与输送缸容积比最大压力/MPa最小压力/MPa压力脉动/MPa增设预压缓冲罐前后的压力脉动比
0(不增设预压缓冲罐)0.002.670.941.731.00
500.452.511.501.010.58
1000.902.291.680.610.35
1501.352.151.690.460.26
), ArticleFig(id=1322161746475856682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161721729462930, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

The pressure pulsation and vibration noise before and after installation of pre-pressure surge tank

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况压力最高值/MPa压力最低值/MPa压力脉运/MPa管道振动噪声/dB
未安装缓冲罐6.30.06.372
安装缓冲罐4.60.83.858
), ArticleFig(id=1322161746551354155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161721729462930, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

安装预压缓冲罐前后压力脉动及振动噪声

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况压力最高值/MPa压力最低值/MPa压力脉运/MPa管道振动噪声/dB
未安装缓冲罐6.30.06.372
安装缓冲罐4.60.83.858
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基于AMEsim的充填工业泵负载特性及减振技术研究
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刘伟 1, 2 , 江科 1, 2 , 盛佳 1, 2 , 江飞飞 3 , 寇永渊 4 , 郑伯坤 1, 2 , 刘畅 1, 2
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山机电与矿业智能化 2025,45(8): 217-225
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山机电与矿业智能化 2025 , 45 (8) : 217 -225
基于AMEsim的充填工业泵负载特性及减振技术研究
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刘伟(1988—),男,湖北十堰人,硕士,工程师,主要从事矿山充填系统装备技术研究与设计。E-mail:

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刘伟(1988—),男,湖北十堰人,硕士,工程师,主要从事矿山充填系统装备技术研究与设计。E-mail:

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刘伟1, 2 , 江科1, 2 , 盛佳1, 2, 江飞飞3, 寇永渊4, 郑伯坤1, 2, 刘畅1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
  • 2.金属矿山安全技术国家重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410012
  • 3.中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 岩土力学与工程安全全国重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430071
  • 4.金川集团股份有限公司二矿区,甘肃 金昌市 737102
通讯作者:
江科(1992—),男,湖北天门人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事矿山绿色开采及矿山安全方面的研究工作。E-mail:
作者简介:

刘伟(1988—),男,湖北十堰人,硕士,工程师,主要从事矿山充填系统装备技术研究与设计。E-mail:

Research on Load Characteristics and Vibration Reduction Technology of Filling Industrial Pump Based on AMEsim
Wei LIU1, 2 , Ke JIANG1, 2 , Jia SHENG1, 2, Feifei JIANG3, Yongyuan KOU4, Bokun ZHENG1, 2, Chang LIU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Metal Mine Safety Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
  • 3.State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
  • 4.No.2 Mining Area, Jinchuan Group Co., Ltd., Jinchang, Gansu 737102, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25
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针对充填工业泵在远距离、大高差输送时出现管道振动及噪声的问题,通过充填料浆环管输送试验研究了料浆输送过程中的压力降与管径、流速之间的关系,并基于试验数据在AMEsim中建立了充填工业泵及管道输送负载模型,在此基础上开展了预压缓冲装置作用机理研究。研究结果表明:管道沿程阻力损失与流速成正相关,与管径成负相关;随着管道长度增加,管道出口压力峰值呈线性增加,但压力脉动的变化速率降低,管道出口压力峰值近似与管径的平方成反比;预压缓冲罐能显著降低充填管道的压力脉动,当预压缓冲罐容积与输送缸容积的比值为0.45~0.55时,减振效果与经济性均较好。开展了预压缓冲罐减振工业试验,结果表明,在80 m3/h充填泵出口增设60 L预压缓冲罐,压力脉动降低至原来的60%,管道振动噪声降低了14 dB,取得了良好的减振降噪效果。

充填工业泵  /  减振技术  /  管道负载  /  预压缓冲罐  /  AMEsim

In response to the problems of pipeline vibration and noise caused by long-distance and large-height-difference transportation of filling industrial pumps, the relationship among pressure drop, pipe diameter, and flow velocity during slurry transportation was studied through filling slurry loop pipeline transportation tests. Based on tests data, a load model for filling industrial pumps and pipeline transportation was established in AMEsim, and the mechanism of the pre-pressure buffer device was studied on this basis. The research results indicate that the resistance loss along the pipeline is positively correlated with flow velocity and negatively correlated with pipe diameter. As the length of the pipeline increases, the peak pressure at the outlet of the pipeline increases linearly, but the rate of change in pressure pulsation decreases. The peak pressure at the outlet of the pipeline is approximately inversely proportional to the square of the pipe diameter. The pre-pressure buffer tank can significantly reduce the pressure pulsation of the filling pipeline. When the ratio of the pre-pressure buffer tank volume to the conveying cylinder volume is 0.45 to 0.55, the vibration reduction effect and economy are both good. The industrial test results on the vibration reduction of the pre-pressure buffer tank show that adding a 60 L pre-pressure buffer tank at the outlet of an 80 m3/h filling pump reduced pressure pulsation to 60% of its original level and reduced pipeline vibration noise by 14 dB, achieving good vibration reduction and noise reduction effects.

Filling industrial pump  /  Vibration reduction technology  /  Pipeline load  /  Pre-pressure buffer tank  /  AMEsim
刘伟, 江科, 盛佳, 江飞飞, 寇永渊, 郑伯坤, 刘畅. 基于AMEsim的充填工业泵负载特性及减振技术研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (8) : 217 -225 .
Wei LIU, Ke JIANG, Jia SHENG, Feifei JIANG, Yongyuan KOU, Bokun ZHENG, Chang LIU. Research on Load Characteristics and Vibration Reduction Technology of Filling Industrial Pump Based on AMEsim[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (8) : 217 -225 .
充填料浆输送主要分为自流输送和泵压输送,其中自流输送由于不需要专门的泵送设备,可靠性更高,但需要充填管网倍线满足特定要求,否则充填料浆输送均需采用泵压输送[1-2]。目前,充填料浆泵压输送主要借鉴混凝土泵送工艺和设备,采用双输送缸交替往复运动完成料浆的吸料和输送。但充填料浆泵送与建筑行业混凝土泵送存在显著差异。充填料浆管线长度一般更长且工况更加复杂;充填料浆粒径通常较混凝土更细[3-6]。在矿山实际应用中,充填泵和管道常发生振动,带来安全隐患和环境噪声。目前针对充填管道振动的研究还较少,学者们从不同角度分析了混凝土泵振动与冲击产生的原因,尹腾飞[7]认为冲击的根本原因是液压系统分配回路的响应时间与液压缸的运动时间不匹配;叶鑫[8]则认为冲击是由泵送系统动作切换与换向阀换向之间的不匹配产生的;林树勇[9]指出液压冲击是由主油缸行程偏差造成的。针对这些发现,学者们提出了相应的冲击抑制优化方案。佘小爽[10]通过研究基于二通插装阀的新型混凝土泵液压系统,提出了一种调节二通插装阀的节流孔及阀芯参数来减缓冲击和振动特性的方法;曹中一等[11]研究了基于闭式系统的混凝土泵液压系统,提出了通过主动减小泵排量来控制液压冲击的方法。上述研究主要针对混凝土泵的输送特性,但混凝土的流变特性与充填料浆存在一定区别,且现有研究过于集中于液压系统的振动特性,忽略了负载特性变化的影响,因此存在局限性,其结论难以直接应用于充填泵冲击特性研究。为克服这一局限,本研究通过对充填料浆管道输送开展环管试验研究,基于试验数据在AMEsim中构建并修正充填泵负载特性模型,从而大幅度提高了模型的准确性。首次提出了充填泵液压系统及输送负载耦合模型,并通过全域仿真分析和研究了充填泵输送流量、压力与输送管径、管长等参数的相互作用机理。在此基础上在AMEsim中开展了预压缓冲罐减振作用研究,建立了预压缓冲罐容积对减振效果的影响关系曲线。研究结果对充填工业泵管道输送负载特性、充填管道减振技术等方面的研究具有良好的指导意义。
按照阀门结构不同,充填工业泵可分为锥阀式和S摆阀式充填工业泵。其中,锥阀式充填工业泵由于料浆回流小,相比S摆阀更适用于细粒级充填料浆的输送[12]。锥阀式充填工业泵工作原理如图1所示,采用液压驱动两个输送缸交替往复运动来挤压料浆,在出料腔和进料腔中设置有进料口锥阀和出料口锥阀,通过各组锥阀的开闭动作实现将料浆从进料口吸入并输送至出料口。锥阀在开启和关闭的瞬间,输送缸必须停止运动,导致泵体出料口流量瞬间变为零,产生明显的流量脉动现象。
锥阀式充填工业泵主回路的液压原理如图2所示[13]。
主油泵采用A11VLO系列电比例变量泵,可实现输出排量的无级调节、恒功率控制和压力切断功能。泵出口压力油经过溢流阀后连接电液换向阀,电液换向阀由电控先导阀和液动主阀组成,其中电控先导阀提供控制油给液动主阀阀芯,再通过液动主阀阀芯的滑动控制阀口开闭,从而控制主油缸一和主油缸二的进回油。当液动主阀阀芯位于左位时,压力油进入主油缸一的无杆腔并驱动活塞杆前进,因主油缸一的有杆腔与主油缸二的有杆腔相连,油液同时进入主油缸二的有杆腔并驱动其活塞杆后退。当主油缸一完全伸出时,水箱接近开关感应到输送缸活塞的位置,发出电信号给电液换向阀使液动主阀阀芯切换至右位,此时压力油进入主油缸二的无杆腔,主油缸二伸出的同时主油缸一缩回,实现主油缸的往复动作。主油缸带动输送缸同步作往复运动,完成泵体的吸料、排料过程。
为研究充填料浆管道输送过程中负载变化与管径、管道流速之间的关系,搭建环管试验系统并开展充填料浆输送试验,通过改变料浆的流速、管径,测量环管上的压力降,从而得出充填料浆的输送阻力损失[14]。
环管试验系统主要包括制浆系统、加压输送系统、数据监测系统和给排水系统,主要试验设备及仪器包括渣浆泵、搅拌桶、管道、流量计、压力传感器等,试验系统见图3。试验时利用搅拌桶混合尾砂、水,并按照一定的配比制备成性状一致的充填料浆,然后开启渣浆泵,通过调整渣浆泵的转速来调节充填料浆的输送流量,待稳定后通过测量直管段上2#和3#传感器之间的压力差来确定压力降,再通过理论计算得出沿程阻力损失。试验设定125 mm、140 mm、180 mm三种管道直径,设定1.0 m/s、1.5 m/s、2.0 m/s和2.5 m/s四种充填料浆流速,2#和3#压力传感器之间的直线距离为22.25 m。
试验原理基于伯努利方程,根据能量守恒定理可得:
式中:ZA、ZB分别为断面A、B的位差,m;PA、PB分别为断面A、B的压力值,Pa;VA、VB分别为断面A、B的流速,m/s;ρ0为矿浆的容重,kg/m3;g为重力加速度,m/s2。
由于2#压力传感器和3#压力传感器之间没有位差且平均流速相同,因此ZA=ZB,VA=VB。沿程阻力损失可表示为:
式中:i为沿程阻力损失,kPa/m;L为断面A、B之间的间距,m。
试验设定充填料浆质量浓度为70%,采用RST-SST流变仪测试充填料浆相关流变参数,得到料浆容重为1 853 kg/m3,黏性系数为0.51 Pa·s,屈服应力为10 kPa。通过环管试验测得沿程阻力损失数据见表1。由表1可知,随着管道内料浆流速增加,管道的沿程阻力损失逐渐增大,二者成正相关;当料浆流速确定时,管道的沿程阻力损失随着管径的增大而减小,两者成负相关,且管径对沿程阻力损失的影响相较于料浆流速更加敏感。
AMEsim是一款多领域多学科系统建模仿真工具,支持机械、液压、气动、电气等多领域的系统耦合仿真。AMEsim基于功率键合图原理,可面向原理图建模,具备多种管道子模型,其中HLLW0是一个基于CFD-1D的水力直管模型。该模型可以考虑管道的摩擦力、重力和管壁顺应性,采用一维网格构建计算模型,通过求解连续性和动量方程实现仿真计算,其力学基本模型为:
式中:P为绝对压力;ρ为液体密度;v为速度;S为管道横截面积;Cg为重力项;C为黏性摩擦项。
环管试验结果表明,充填料浆存在初始抵抗剪切应力,其流变行为可采用宾汉流体进行表征。浆体沿管道流动的流变方程[15]为:
式中:τ为剪切应力,Pa;τ0为屈服应力,Pa;μ为黏性系数,Pa·s;dv/dr为剪切速率。
据此推导出的沿程阻力损失如下[16]:
式中,D为管道直径,mm。
式(6)中第2项与式(4)中C项对应,但式(6)中第一项为屈服应力的摩擦项,在HLLW0子模型中没有对应项,需要对该管道子模型进行修正。为解决上述问题,基于AMEsim信号库搭建了屈服应力修正模型,再与表征黏性系数的HLLW0子模型相叠加即可描述充填料浆在管道中的流动状态。由此搭建出充填料浆管道输送负载的AMEsim模型,如图4所示。
仿真模型参数设置如下:管道直径分别为125 mm、140 mm、180 mm,管道长度为1 000 m,料浆流速在0~4 m/s内连续变化,料浆容重为1 850 kg/m3,黏性系数为0.51 Pa·s,屈服应力为10 kPa。设定仿真时间为10 s,时间步长为0.01 s,仿真得到不同管径下充填料浆出口压力与矿浆流速的关系,如图5所示。
由图5可知,泵出口压力与矿浆流速近似呈线性关系,且管径减小时,出口压力增大。通过对比仿真数据与试验数据发现,两者之间的相对误差在5%以内,表明仿真结果是可靠的。
为了更好地研究充填工业泵在料浆输送过程中的负载特性,基于AMEsim搭建了充填泵液压系统和管道负载模型,如图6所示。该模型将液压系统和管道输送子系统相互耦合,可模拟充填工业泵液压系统和管道输送负载之间的相互作用机理。
在模型中设定管道长度为1 000 m,管径为130 mm,料浆流变参数与试验数据一致,模型中主要元件的参数设置见表2。
为验证模型正确性,设定仿真时间为30 s,锥阀换向时间为1 s,计算得到主油缸位移曲线和充填工业泵流量曲线分别见图7、图8。由图7可知,当右侧主油缸前进时,左侧主油缸后退,最大行程为2 100 mm,速度约为500 mm/s。在锥阀换向期间,主电磁阀失电,主油缸将停止运动1 s,直至另外一侧电磁阀得电。由图8可知,充填工业泵在锥阀换向期间瞬时流量为0,其他时间流量稳定在1 850 L/min,折算1 h实际输送能力为88.8 m3/h,与该型号充填工业泵的实际输送能力一致。
为研究管道长度对充填泵输送压力的影响,设定仿真时间为16 s,锥阀换向时间为1 s,管道长度分别为250 m、500 m、750 m和1 000 m,对充填泵出口压力进行分析,得到充填泵压力曲线如图9所示。由图9可知,泵出口压力峰值随着管道长度的增加而增加,近似与管道长度成正比。当管道长度为250 m时,在1 s时刻泵出口压力开始迅速增加直至峰值0.70 MPa并保持恒定,在5 s时刻迅速降低至0.13 MPa;当管道长度为1 000 m时,泵出口压力持续增至峰值压力2.6 MPa,增加时间约为4 s。这是由于当管道长度增加时,压力传递到泵出口的时间变长,表现为压力达到峰值的周期增加。
由环管试验结果可知,管道直径是影响充填泵输送压力的关键因素。设定仿真时间为16 s,锥阀换向时间为1 s,管道长度为500 m,管道直径分别为125 mm、150 mm、180 mm和200 mm,仿真得到输送压力随管径变化曲线,如图10所示。由图10可知,当管径从125 mm增加为200 mm时,泵出口的压力峰值分别为0.37 MPa、0.50 MPa、0.85 MPa、1.51 MPa,压力数值近似与管道直径的平方成反比。
充填工业泵输送压力波动会造成充填泵泵体及管道产生振动。工业实际应用中,振动的剧烈程度随出口压力的增加而增加,特别是弯头处及变径管处的振动更为剧烈[17]。弯头处和变径管处的激振力分别为:
式中:ΔR1为弯头处激振力,N;ΔR2为变径管处激振力,N;ΔA为异径管两侧面积差,m2;β为弯头角度,(°);ΔP为压力脉动值,即最大压力与最小压力的差值,Pa。
由式(7)和式(8)可知,无论是弯头或变径管处的激振力都与压力脉动成正比。因此降低充填泵出口处压力脉动是抑制充填管道振动的关键。
预压缓冲罐是一种基于气体蓄能原理的吸能装置,其工作原理可分为2个阶段:充填工业泵换向期间,瞬间流量为0,导致输送压力骤然降低,在内部气囊压力作用下该装置可自动将储存的料浆释放至管道中,从而抑制压力降低;充填工业泵输送期间,由于输送压力高于该装置的内压,部分料浆流入装置内部,从而减缓压力升高。预压缓冲罐的结构如图11所示,包括安装座,壳体,气囊,压盖和单向进气阀等,气囊内部预充氮气,壳体和气囊之间的区域可以储存料浆。
预压缓冲罐是一种承受内压的压力容器,影响其减振效果的参数包括形状、材料、容积、预充压力、安装位置等。其中,形状和材料会影响其容积和耐压等级,对于低压大容积工况通常采用圆柱状设计,而高压容积工况则优选球状设计,这是因为球壳具有应力分布均匀和材料利用率高的优势。预充压力对减振效果有直接影响,当预充压力过高时,气体压缩量偏小,实际吸能效果有限;当预充压力较低时,压缩气体的弹性势能不足以将料浆挤出罐体。工程实践表明,将预充压力设定为管道最大压力的0.5倍可获得较优的减振效果[18]。为研究预压缓冲罐的容积和安装位置对减振效果的影响,建立了增设预压缓冲罐的管道输送负载模型,如图12所示。与图4相比,该模型只增加了预压缓冲罐,其余参数保持不变。仿真设定预充压力为1.2 MPa,管道直径为130 mm,管道长度为1 000 m。
设定预压缓冲罐的容积分别为0(不增设预压缓冲罐)、50 L、100 L、150 L,仿真得到充填工业泵出口的压力脉动数据如图13所示。由图13可知,增设预压缓冲罐后,压力脉动会显著减小,且随着预压缓冲罐容积的增大,压力脉动趋于稳定。
设定预压缓冲罐安装位置分别位于距离泵出口0 m、250 m和500 m处,通过仿真得到充填泵出口的压力脉动数据如图14所示。由图14可知,预压缓冲罐离充填工业泵出口越近,吸收压力脉动的效果越显著。当预压缓冲罐距离充填泵出口500 m时,几乎没有减压效果,因此应尽可能使预压缓冲罐靠近泵出口。
在实际工业应用中,预压缓冲罐容积选择过小则减振效果不佳,过大则经济性差。为分析容积参数的影响,提取仿真数据分析不同预压缓冲罐容积下充填泵出口的压力脉动,见表3。由表3可知,当缓冲罐容积从0增加至150 L时,压力脉动从1.73 MPa降低至0.46 MPa,可见随着缓冲罐容积的增加,压力脉动逐渐减小,但二者不呈线性关系,当容积增加到一定程度时,压力脉动降低幅度逐渐变小。
为进一步研究预压缓冲罐容积的合理取值,在AMEsim中设定容积在0~150 L内线性变化,再通过批处理仿真研究增设缓冲罐前后的压力脉动比,仿真结果如图15所示。由图15可知,当预压缓冲罐容积与输送缸容积的比值为0.5时,曲线存在一个明显的拐点,即当该比值小于0.5时,增设预压缓冲罐前后的压力脉动化降低效果较为显著;当该比值大于0.5时,增设预压缓冲罐前后的压力脉动化降低效果趋于平缓。在实际工业应用中,选择预压缓冲罐容积与输送缸容积的比值为0.45~0.55时经济性较好。
某矿山充填工业泵在实际运行中出现了管道振动和噪声问题,为解决这一工程难题,采用了增设预压缓冲罐的改造方案。该充填工业泵设计压力为10 MPa,充填能力为80 m3/h,配备输送缸直径为260 mm,容积为111 L。预压缓冲罐容积为60 L,预充压力2.5 MPa。通过试验测定了安装预压缓冲罐前后的压力脉动及振动噪声数据,见表4。由表4可知,安装了预压缓冲罐之后压力脉动降低至原来的60%,管道振动噪声降低了14 dB,取得了良好的减振降噪效果,有效解决了充填工业泵现场运行中的问题。
(1)通过充填料浆环管输送试验研究了充填料浆管道输送过程中的负载特性,得到了不同料浆流速及管径下的压力降试验数据。结果表明,充填料浆管道输送的沿程阻力损失与流速成正相关,与管径成负相关。基于AMEsim 搭建了充填工业泵管道输送负载模型。通过对比试验数据与仿真数据,得到两者误差在5%以内,表明该模型能准确反映充填工业泵管道输送的负载特性。
(2)通过 AMEsim仿真研究不同管道长度、管径下的充填泵输送压力。结果表明,随着管道长度的增加,充填泵出口压力峰值近似呈线性增加,但压力脉动变化速率降低;当流量恒定时,充填泵出口压力峰值与管径的平方近似成反比。
(3)预压缓冲罐减振仿真结果表明,预压缓冲罐能显著降低充填管道的压力脉动,减振效果随着预压缓冲罐容积的增大而增强。当缓冲罐容积与输送缸容积的比值为0.45~0.55时,减振效果与经济性均较好,且预压缓冲罐的安装位置应尽可能靠近充填泵出口。
(4)开展了预压缓冲罐减振工业试验,通过在80 m3/h充填泵出口处增设60 L预压缓冲罐,压力脉动降低至原来的60%,管道振动噪声降低了14 dB。工程实践结果表明,预压缓冲罐对充填泵输送管道的减振效果较好。研究结果对充填工业泵管道输送特性和减振技术的研究具有一定的指导意义,该减振技术具有市场应用价值。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2904003)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52304156)
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2025年第45卷第8期
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  • 接收时间:2025-02-21
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-21
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2904003)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52304156)
作者信息
    1.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
    2.金属矿山安全技术国家重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410012
    3.中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 岩土力学与工程安全全国重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430071
    4.金川集团股份有限公司二矿区,甘肃 金昌市 737102

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江科(1992—),男,湖北天门人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事矿山绿色开采及矿山安全方面的研究工作。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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