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In order to study the influences of ultrasonic frequency, power and application time on the underflow mass concentration of unclassified tailings discharge, ultrasonic technology was introduced to explore the effect of ultrasonic coupled with mud layer on the underflow mass concentration and sand discharge of thickener. Firstly, the directivity of ultrasonic in unclassified tailings slurry was analyzed by MATLAB software, and the optimal frequency range of ultrasonic wave was selected. Then, the optimal frequency of ultrasonic was further determined by interpolation fitting method. Finally, the optimal frequency, power and application time of ultrasonic were calculated through the interaction of factors, and verified by support vector regression model. The results show that when the ultrasonic frequency is 28 kHz, the propagation directivity in the thickener is better. Under suitable ultrasonic conditions, ultrasonic has a significant effect on increasing the final mass concentration of unclassified tailings slurry. The optimal operating conditions of the ultrasonic for flocculation settlement of the unclassified tailings are as follows: after the natural settlement of the unclassified tailings for 1 min, the ultrasonic frequency is 28 kHz, and the ultrasonic power is 100 W.

, authors=Bokun ZHENG1, 2, 3, Yong SHI1, 2, Yongbiao CAI1, Guohui CHEN4, Jun LI4, Liang PENG1, 2, Tenglong HUANG1, 3, Ruihai KANG1, 3, authorsList=Bokun ZHENG, Yong SHI, Yongbiao CAI, Guohui CHEN, Jun LI, Liang PENG, Tenglong HUANG, Ruihai KANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322161612962779612, articleId=1322161607891866030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=超声波导流作用下浓密机全尾砂放砂底流质量浓度试验探究, columnId=1226462294490657775, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=采矿与矿山充填, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究超声波频率、功率及施加时刻对全尾砂浆放砂底流质量浓度的影响,引入超声波技术,探究超声波与泥层高度耦合作用下浓密机底流质量浓度和放砂的效果。首先,利用MATLAB软件分析了超声波在全尾砂料浆中的指向性,选出超声波最优频率范围;然后,采用插值拟合法进一步确定了超声波最优频率;最后,通过因素交互作用计算出了超声波作用下的最佳频率、功率及施加时刻,并借助支持向量回归模型进行了验证。研究结果表明:当超声波频率为28 kHz时,在浓密机中传播指向性较好;在合适的超声波条件下,超声波对提高全尾砂浆的最终质量浓度具有显著作用。全尾砂絮凝沉降超声波最佳作用条件为:全尾砂自然沉降1 min后,超声波频率为28 kHz,功率为100 W。

, authors=郑伯坤1, 2, 3, 石勇1, 2, 蔡永彪1, 陈国辉4, 李军4, 彭亮1, 2, 黄腾龙1, 3, 康瑞海1, 3, authorsList=郑伯坤, 石勇, 蔡永彪, 陈国辉, 李军, 彭亮, 黄腾龙, 康瑞海, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

郑伯坤(1984—),男,广东汕头人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事矿山充填采矿及固废利用研究。E-mail:

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Wavelength of ultrasonic in water and solid

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超声波频率/kHz水中波长/cm固体中波长/cm
257.510.0
285.47.1
403.85.0
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超声波在水中和固体中的波长

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超声波频率/kHz水中波长/cm固体中波长/cm
257.510.0
285.47.1
403.85.0
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Estimates and confidence intervals of coefficients

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系数估计值95%置信区间下界95%置信区间上界
P00-3.95E+14-1.25E+161.17E+16
P10-3.10E+15-1.93E+171.86E+17
P019.15E+14-9.74E+151.16E+16
P20-0.7975-6.0294.434
P11-0.6484-4.4073.11
P024.12E+14-1.22E+161.30E+16
P21-0.263-5.4764.95
P123.23E+15-1.94E+172.01E+17
P03-9.55E+14-1.21E+161.02E+16
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系数估计值与置信区间

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系数估计值95%置信区间下界95%置信区间上界
P00-3.95E+14-1.25E+161.17E+16
P10-3.10E+15-1.93E+171.86E+17
P019.15E+14-9.74E+151.16E+16
P20-0.7975-6.0294.434
P11-0.6484-4.4073.11
P024.12E+14-1.22E+161.30E+16
P21-0.263-5.4764.95
P123.23E+15-1.94E+172.01E+17
P03-9.55E+14-1.21E+161.02E+16
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Combination of optimization results

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序号频率/kHz功率/W施加时刻/min预测底流质量浓度/%
128100158.768 3
240100154.291 1
340100355.336 5
42860156.161 3
54060154.684 1
62560355.326 0
74060352.206 7
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优化结果组合

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序号频率/kHz功率/W施加时刻/min预测底流质量浓度/%
128100158.768 3
240100154.291 1
340100355.336 5
42860156.161 3
54060154.684 1
62560355.326 0
74060352.206 7
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超声波导流作用下浓密机全尾砂放砂底流质量浓度试验探究
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郑伯坤 1, 2, 3 , 石勇 1, 2 , 蔡永彪 1 , 陈国辉 4 , 李军 4 , 彭亮 1, 2 , 黄腾龙 1, 3 , 康瑞海 1, 3
矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025,45(8): 70-78
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矿业研究与开发 |采矿与矿山充填 2025 , 45 (8) : 70 -78
超声波导流作用下浓密机全尾砂放砂底流质量浓度试验探究
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郑伯坤(1984—),男,广东汕头人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事矿山充填采矿及固废利用研究。E-mail:

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郑伯坤(1984—),男,广东汕头人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事矿山充填采矿及固废利用研究。E-mail:

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郑伯坤1, 2, 3 , 石勇1, 2, 蔡永彪1, 陈国辉4, 李军4, 彭亮1, 2, 黄腾龙1, 3, 康瑞海1, 3
作者信息
  • 1.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
  • 2.湖南省矿山固废综合利用工程技术研究中心,湖南 长沙 410012
  • 3.国家金属采矿工程技术研究中心,湖南 长沙 410012
  • 4.湖南柿竹园有色金属有限责任公司,湖南 郴州市 423037
作者简介:

郑伯坤(1984—),男,广东汕头人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事矿山充填采矿及固废利用研究。E-mail:

Experimental Study on the Underflow Mass Concentration of Unclassified Tailings Discharge in Thickener Under the Action of Ultrasonic Diversion
Bokun ZHENG1, 2, 3 , Yong SHI1, 2, Yongbiao CAI1, Guohui CHEN4, Jun LI4, Liang PENG1, 2, Tenglong HUANG1, 3, Ruihai KANG1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
  • 2.Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Comprehensive Utilization of Mining Solid Waste, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
  • 3.Research Center for National Metal Mining Engineering Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
  • 4.Hunan Shizhuyuan Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd., Chenzhou, Hunan 423037, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25
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为研究超声波频率、功率及施加时刻对全尾砂浆放砂底流质量浓度的影响,引入超声波技术,探究超声波与泥层高度耦合作用下浓密机底流质量浓度和放砂的效果。首先,利用MATLAB软件分析了超声波在全尾砂料浆中的指向性,选出超声波最优频率范围;然后,采用插值拟合法进一步确定了超声波最优频率;最后,通过因素交互作用计算出了超声波作用下的最佳频率、功率及施加时刻,并借助支持向量回归模型进行了验证。研究结果表明:当超声波频率为28 kHz时,在浓密机中传播指向性较好;在合适的超声波条件下,超声波对提高全尾砂浆的最终质量浓度具有显著作用。全尾砂絮凝沉降超声波最佳作用条件为:全尾砂自然沉降1 min后,超声波频率为28 kHz,功率为100 W。

超声波作用  /  全尾砂  /  底流质量浓度  /  指向性  /  插值拟合  /  支持向量回归模型

In order to study the influences of ultrasonic frequency, power and application time on the underflow mass concentration of unclassified tailings discharge, ultrasonic technology was introduced to explore the effect of ultrasonic coupled with mud layer on the underflow mass concentration and sand discharge of thickener. Firstly, the directivity of ultrasonic in unclassified tailings slurry was analyzed by MATLAB software, and the optimal frequency range of ultrasonic wave was selected. Then, the optimal frequency of ultrasonic was further determined by interpolation fitting method. Finally, the optimal frequency, power and application time of ultrasonic were calculated through the interaction of factors, and verified by support vector regression model. The results show that when the ultrasonic frequency is 28 kHz, the propagation directivity in the thickener is better. Under suitable ultrasonic conditions, ultrasonic has a significant effect on increasing the final mass concentration of unclassified tailings slurry. The optimal operating conditions of the ultrasonic for flocculation settlement of the unclassified tailings are as follows: after the natural settlement of the unclassified tailings for 1 min, the ultrasonic frequency is 28 kHz, and the ultrasonic power is 100 W.

Ultrasonic action  /  Unclassified tailings  /  Underflow mass concentration  /  Directivity  /  Interpolation fitting  /  Support vector regression model
郑伯坤, 石勇, 蔡永彪, 陈国辉, 李军, 彭亮, 黄腾龙, 康瑞海. 超声波导流作用下浓密机全尾砂放砂底流质量浓度试验探究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (8) : 70 -78 .
Bokun ZHENG, Yong SHI, Yongbiao CAI, Guohui CHEN, Jun LI, Liang PENG, Tenglong HUANG, Ruihai KANG. Experimental Study on the Underflow Mass Concentration of Unclassified Tailings Discharge in Thickener Under the Action of Ultrasonic Diversion[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (8) : 70 -78 .
矿业在国民经济发展中起着不可替代的作用[1-3]。随着矿产资源利用不断增加,在采矿作业中会引发环境污染和废物排放,要想实现资源高效利用和绿色可持续发展,充填采矿法是必然趋势[4-6]。充填采矿法作为一种新型开采技术,有很好的发展前景,但是也存在一些问题[7-9]。首先,尾砂浓密是充填工艺的重要组成之一,而尾砂絮凝沉降和高浓度放砂无法持续稳定;其次,随着选矿技术及设备更新换代,磨矿粒径趋于细或者超细,给充填浓密技术与装备也带来了新的挑战[10-11]。因而,如何加快尾砂沉降和保证高浓度底流是充填采矿法发展的必由之路,对实现无尾矿山意义重大[12]。目前,添加絮凝剂可以加快尾砂絮凝沉降,但絮凝剂价格较高;虽然絮凝剂加速了尾砂颗粒沉降,但相对延长了尾砂浓密时间,还影响了充填体早期强度。随着今后发展大能力连续充填的作业工艺,仅靠絮凝剂加快尾砂沉降的方式在一定程度上限制了全尾砂胶结充填的应用与发展[13-15]。
目前,超声波技术日趋成熟,具有频率高、能量大、方向性好等特点,且超声波的辐射范围广、穿透能力强,空化作用大、清洁高效,因此,各个领域都掀起了超声波技术的研究热潮[16-18]。国内外许多学者已经使用超声波技术对浓密机底流浓度的影响进行了大量的相关研究,取得了一定的成果。例如,DING等[19]采用正交设计的方法,研究了超声波的功率、作用时间、絮凝剂的用量和煤泥水浓度这4个因素对煤泥水絮凝沉降效果的影响,并且运用了多种试验方式证实了超声预处理改善了煤泥水的沉降效果。ZHU等[20]研究了超声处理对未分级尾矿脱水过程中絮凝剂用量的影响,并深入研究了絮凝剂的用量对有效沉降时间、初始沉降速率和底流浓度的影响。LEMANOWICZ等[21]考察了超声场对不同絮凝剂絮凝效果的影响。BURAT等[22]开展了超声波预处理和表面活性试剂对提高细粒煤高频振动筛脱水效率的效果研究。
上述学者的研究都局限在利用超声波技术对尾砂浓密的影响,少有研究兼顾考虑超声波技术对尾砂浓密及稳态高浓度放砂的影响。基于此,本文通过MATLAB软件,首先,模拟超声波在尾砂浆中传播的指向性;然后,以试验为手段,通过插值拟合的手段研究不同超声波频率、功率、施加时刻对尾砂浆最终质量浓度的影响;最后,建立超声波作用下最终底流浓度与超声波频率、功率以及施加时刻的关系模型,分析超声波作用下尾砂浆浓密关键因素的交互作用,通过支持向量回归(SVR)模型优化试验结果。
超声波的指向性是指超声波在传播过程中,受到外界环境的影响,会发生不同方向的反射与传播,利用声场的指向性函数来表达声场的分布特性,该指向性函数可以通过式(1)表达:
式中:p为声压函数;pθ=0为超声波换能器中心垂直方向上的声压函数值。
换能器声源模型如图1所示。
根据推导并结合指向性函数的定义,可以得出半径为R的换能器指向性函数为:
式中:θ为矢量与Z轴的夹角;pθ为超声波换能器声压函数值;φ是ds与X轴的夹角;J1为一阶贝塞尔函数;k=2π/λ,λ为波长。
在上述推导的超声波换能器指向性函数的基础上,利用MATLAB软件进行数值模拟,设定超声波频率分别为20 kHz、30 kHz、40 kHz和50 kHz,研究其在超细尾砂介质中的指向特性,结果如图2所示。
由图2可以看出,超声波在水平空间上的指向性分布和超声波频率呈现反比例关系,超声波频率越大,其在水平空间上的指向性分布呈现减小趋势;而超声波在竖直方向上的指向性分布和超声波频率呈现正比例关系,超声波频率增大,超声波在竖直方向的指向性分布也增大。频率为20 kHz的竖直指向性为所有频率中最低的,但是20 kHz的水平空间指向性范围明显大于其他频率。因此,通过超声波频率在水平和竖直指向性方面的综合考虑,结合实际换能器参数与浓密机的结构特点,本试验选用超声波频率为25 kHz、28 kHz、40 kHz的换能器为后续研究对象。分析这3种情况的超声波的指向性,其空间分布结果如图3所示。
由图3中超声波的指向性分布结果可知,当频率为25 kHz、28 kHz时,超声波在空间分布上基本一致,但是当频率为28 kHz时,超声波的闭合状态比25 kHz的相对较好,频率为40 kHz时,超声波的传播方式在空间上已经形成了闭合,类似于直线传播,但是在水平范围内,40 kHz的作用范围弱于28 kHz。由此看出,超声波的频率越高,其指向性越好,综合考虑,选取28 kHz效果最好。
本试验所使用的全尾砂取自于某矿,密度为2.67 g/cm3;全尾砂干料的松散孔隙率和密实孔隙率分别为63.29%、50.93%。依赖于全尾砂的粒径分布特点,为保证充填料浆长距离输送,可以使用全尾砂作为充填骨料。化学成分分析检测结果表明:全尾砂中不含有毒有害成分,可满足井下充填用材料的环保要求,且硅元素含量相对较高,可以大大提高充填体的强度。因此,该矿的全尾砂适宜于用作充填骨料。
超声波试验装置工作原理如图4所示,它的组成包括:电源、漏电保护器、浓密机装置、超声波发生器和换能器(振子)。
超声波波长与频率的关系式为:
式中:v表示超声波在介质中的传播速度,在水中的传播速度为1 500 m/s,在固体中的传播速度为2 000 m/s;f为超声波频率;λ为超声波波长。
由式(3)得出频率为25 kHz、28 kHz、40 kHz的超声波在水中和固体中的波长见表1。
通过相似比例按式(4)计算,可得到浓密机模型装置的设计尺寸。
式中:H为某矿浓密机高度,取20 m;h为浓密机模型高度;D1为某矿浓密机直径,取6 m;d为模型底面宽度,取15 cm。
经计算得到浓密机模型高度为50 cm,为了减少换能器的空振以及能量的散失,将模型设计成长方体。
步骤1:试验过程所用到的振子功率有100 W、60 W,超声波发生器所用的频率有25 kHz、28 kHz、40 kHz。先将100 W的振子安装在浓密机模型的底部,然后将超声波发生器的频率调至25 kHz,为后续试验做准备。
步骤2:配制质量浓度为20%的全尾砂浆。首先称取2 kg的全尾砂和8 kg的水,然后将其倒入搅拌桶内,用搅拌装置进行充分搅拌后,迅速将配置好的絮凝剂溶液倒入搅拌桶内,最后将其全部快速倒入浓密机中。
步骤3:设置一组对照试验,让其做自由沉降。另外根据超声波频率、功率、施加时刻各影响因素设计参数组合,超声波频率选取25 kHz、28 kHz、40 kHz,功率为100 W、60 W;然后分别选取全尾砂浆沉降0 min、1 min、3 min、5 min后施加超声波,作用时间为5 min后关闭超声波。
步骤4:数据记录,第1分钟内每隔10 s记录一次数据,到第3分钟每隔30 s记录一次数据,到第10分钟每隔1 min记录一次数据,到第30分钟每隔5 min记录一次数据。
步骤5:当尾砂浆沉降到第30分钟且高度不再发生变化时,用一个空容器取底流称重,进行烘干,再称重,最后可以计算出底流质量浓度。
步骤6:更换超声波的频率、功率和施加时刻。然后重复以上的步骤,再次进行试验,记录相应数据,进行研究。
由式(5)可计算浓密机中全尾砂最终质量浓度。
式中:wb为尾砂最终质量浓度,%;mg为烘干后底流的质量,g;mq为接底流容器的质量,g;md为所接底流的质量,g。
本研究的主要考察指标为尾砂浆的最终质量浓度。开展了不同超声波功率(100 W、60 W)、频率(25 kHz、28 kHz、40 kHz)和施加时刻(0 min、1 min、3 min、5 min)共24组试验,结合公式(5),计算得到各组参数下尾砂浆底流质量浓度值,如图5所示。由图5可知,超声波功率为100 W、频率为28 kHz、施加时刻1 min后的尾砂浆底流质量浓度最高,达到58.65%。
使用MATLAB软件对24组超声导流试验中尾砂沉降高度随时间的变化进行了分析,结果如图6所示。在絮凝剂作用下尾砂沉降过程中呈现出以下特征:首先,会出现一条不太明显的固液分离线,该分离线迅速上升至某一高度;随后,这条线快速下降,之后进入缓慢下降阶段;最终,分离线高度趋于稳定。基于这一观察,可以将整个沉降过程划分为3个阶段:自由沉降阶段、超声波干涉沉降阶段和密实沉降阶段。具体来看,在前200 s内,沉降高度从接近35 cm迅速下降至大约15 cm,表明在此阶段尾砂的沉降速率较快。随着时间的推移,到600 s的时候,沉降速度逐渐减慢,曲线趋于平缓,这表明尾砂颗粒逐渐达到沉降平衡状态。在接下来的时间段内,尽管沉降高度仍在缓慢下降,但下降幅度显著减小,沉降过程趋于稳定。所有试验组的变化规律整体趋势一致,即先快后慢、最终趋于稳定。由此可以推断,尾砂沉降过程具有典型的颗粒沉降特性:开始由于絮凝剂作用和重力作用,颗粒迅速下沉,但随着颗粒间相互作用力和流体阻力的增加,沉降速度减缓,最终达到稳定状态。
(1)分段多项式。在每两个相邻的数据点之间构建一个三次多项式:
式中:Si(x)是在区间[xi,xi+1]上的三次多项式;ai、bi、ci、di分别为常数项、一次项、二次项、三次项系数。
(2)连续性条件。要求三次样条在每个数据点xi处不仅函数S(x)连续,而且其一阶导数S′(x)和二阶导数S″(x)和三阶导数S‴(x)也连续。
(3)边界条件。为了确定所有的三次多项式系数,需要额外的边界条件。常见的边界条件有:
自然边界条件,假设样条曲线在两端的二阶导数为0,即S″(x0)=0和S″(xn)=0;
夹持边界条件,给定样条曲线在两端的一阶导数值。
(4)方程系统。根据上述条件,可以形成一个线性方程组,通过求解这个方程组得到所有的多项式系数。
利用MATLAB软件分别建立最终底流质量浓度、超声波频率、超声波功率和超声波施加时刻的关系模型,插值多项式如下:
式中:x和y为输入变量;P00,P10,P01,P20,P11,P11,P02,P21,P12,P03为多项式拟合的系数,表示拟合曲面的特定形状和特征;P00为常数项,表示在x=0或y=0时的截距;P10和P01为一次项系数,分别表示x和y的线性影响;P20,P11,P02为二次项系数,分别表示x2,xy和y2的影响;P21和P12为混合二次项系数,表示x2y和xy2的影响,P03为三次项系数,表示y3的影响。表2为系数估计值与置信区间。
由表2可知,拟合模型中各项系数显示了对最终质量浓度的不同影响程度。常数项P00表示在超声波零频率和零功率时的基础质量浓度,但由于其置信区间跨越了多个数量级,其精确性受限。二次项P20和P02和混合二次项P21和P12显示了超声波频率、功率及其交互作用对质量浓度的影响,部分系数的置信区间较宽,说明了数据量较少或噪声较大。这些结果强调了在进一步应用和解释拟合模型时需考虑的不确定性。
这些系数确定了拟合曲面的形状和如何随着x和y的变化而变化。通过这些系数,可以计算出对应于给定x和y的拟合多项式的值S(x,y),其拟合图如图7所示。
由图7可知,超声波功率和频率对最终质量浓度的影响呈现出一定的关系,并且影响显著。当功率在60~100 W、频率在25~40 kHz之间时,最终质量浓度大致保持在54%~56%之间波动。从图7可以看出,以30 kHz为分界,出现了明显的转折。从25 kHz至30 kHz,底流质量浓度随着超声波功率增大在不断增大;在30 kHz至40 kHz之间,响应面较为平缓,没有很显著的变化。所以,最优的超声波频率选取范围为25~30 kHz。结合试验的超声波频率,选择超声波频率为28 kHz。此外,从图7中红色数据点(颜色标识见电子版)的分布可以看出,尽管存在一些离群点,但整体趋势仍然支持上述结论。这些离群点可能由于试验误差或其他未控制变量的影响,在特定条件下出现较大的偏差,但并未显著改变整体趋势。
图8和图9分别为超声波功率与频率对底流质量浓度影响的响应曲面和等值线图。
由图8和图9可知,超声波功率对尾砂浆底流质量浓度有较大影响,随着超声波功率增大,尾砂浆底流质量浓度先增大后减小。因此,适当增大超声波功率可以促进尾砂浆的浓密效果,从而提高底流质量浓度。但是,当超声波功率增加到某一临界值后,继续增加反而会导致尾砂浆的底流质量浓度下降。这可能是由于过高的超声波功率导致尾砂颗粒的过度扰动,进而影响其沉降和浓密效果。
此外,由图8可知,超声波功率对尾砂浆底流质量浓度的影响大于超声波频率对尾砂浆底流质量浓度的影响。超声波功率在85 W时,浓密效果最佳,底流质量浓度达到了59%;超声波功率在60 W时,浓密效果最差,底流质量浓度小于54%。超声波功率在60~100 W、频率在25~40 kHz区间内,当频率一定时,尾砂浆底流质量浓度随着超声波功率增大出现先增大后减小的趋势;当功率一定时,尾砂浆底流质量浓度随着超声波频率增大出现先增大后减小的趋势。由此说明,高频率超声波可能会导致尾砂浆中的颗粒重新悬浮,阻碍了沉降和浓密过程,从而降低了最终的质量浓度;高功率则可能引起颗粒过度扰动,低功率则可能无法提供足够的能量促进颗粒沉降。基于试验数据,结合超声波实际参数,确定超声波频率28 kHz、超声波功率100 W为最佳参数。
超声波频率与施加时刻对底流质量浓度影响的响应曲面和等值线图如图10和图11所示。
基于上述分析结果,固定超声波功率为100 W,结果发现,超声波频率为28 kHz、且尾砂沉降1.5 min后施加超声波,尾砂浆的浓密效果最好,底流质量浓度最高,达到57%。当超声波频率超过30 kHz时,底流质量浓度显著下降;施加时刻超过2 min时,底流质量浓度也开始下降。因此,在超声波频率为28 kHz、功率为100 W、施加时刻为1.5 min时,尾砂浆的底流质量浓度最高。
通过试验数据分析,使用MATLAB软件对超声波频率、功率和施加时刻的交互作用进行详细研究,获取更优方案。支持向量回归(SVR)模型是一种机器学习算法,用于解决回归问题。该模型基于支持向量机(SVM)算法,适用于训练数据的非线性和线性回归任务,可探究影响因素如何影响最终的底流质量浓度。
模型建立后,选取试验参数组合进行预测,并通过优化算法找到了最优结果,见表4。
由表4可知,当超声波的频率为28 kHz、功率为100 W、施加时刻为1 min时,底流质量浓度为58.7%,大于57%。该结果表明超声波施加时刻为1 min优于1.5 min,与试验结果(58.65%)保持一致,误差仅为0.05个百分点。因此,超声波导流的最佳条件为:超声波频率28 kHz、功率100 W、施加时刻1 min。
(1)通过MATLAB软件分析了超声波在全尾砂料浆中传播的指向性,研究发现,当超声频率为25 kHz、28 kHz时,超声波在空间分布上基本一致,但是28 kHz超声波的闭合状态比25 kHz相对较好,而40 kHz超声波在空间上已经形成了闭合,接近直线传播。综合分析,选取超声波频率为28 kHz。
(2)通过插值拟合法建立拟合模型,先分析了超声波的频率和功率交互作用对底流质量浓度的影响,确定了最佳超声波频率为28 kHz、功率为100 W;再分析了超声波频率和施加时刻交互作用对底流质量浓度的影响,在功率固定为100 W的情况下,底流质量浓度在超声频率为28 kHz、施加时间约为1.5 min时达到最高值,底流质量浓度约为57%。
(3)通过对超声波各关键因素之间交互作用的影响分析,初步确定了合适的超声波频率、功率、施加时刻;再通过建立SVR模型,找到最优的参数组合。结果表明,超声波导流的最佳条件为:超声波频率28 kHz、功率100 W、施加时刻1 min,与试验结果保持一致。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC2907203)
  • 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司科创项目(ZX24J070)
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  • 接收时间:2024-08-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-08
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC2907203)
长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司科创项目(ZX24J070)
作者信息
    1.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
    2.湖南省矿山固废综合利用工程技术研究中心,湖南 长沙 410012
    3.国家金属采矿工程技术研究中心,湖南 长沙 410012
    4.湖南柿竹园有色金属有限责任公司,湖南 郴州市 423037
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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