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Roadway stability is the foundation of safe production in underground mines, and it is of great significance to study the dynamic damage effects of blasting vibration wave on roadway stability in underground mines. Taking the first subsection of a mine as the research object, aiming at the roof fall accident caused by the blasting vibration at the intersection of the footwall roadway and the approach due to the mining of the ore body during the mining process of the ore body of the non-pillar sublevel caving method, the FLAC3D dynamic analysis module was used to determine the reasonable position of the footwall roadway of the non-pillar sublevel caving method under the blasting load. The results show that the height of the section of the mine is 15 m, considering the vibration velocity, displacement and stress response of the roadway particles, the safe distance between the footwall connection roadway and the withdrawal position is 12 m. The engineering practice shows that the safety distance obtained by the study is obsolute deviation of only 0.7 m (<6%) with the reasonable safety distance of the footwall connection roadway in the mine site, which can provide solutions and technical support for the solution of similar problems in the mines.

, authors=Haoming LUO1, 2, Mingrun LI1, 2, Xudong LIU1, Xingming CHEN2, Wentong WANG2, Yingdong AN2, authorsList=Haoming LUO, Mingrun LI, Xudong LIU, Xingming CHEN, Wentong WANG, Yingdong AN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Mingrun LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322161569191014679, articleId=1322161564036215025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=爆破荷载作用下无底柱分段崩落法下盘联巷位置的确定, columnId=1226462294490657775, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=采矿与矿山充填, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

巷道稳定是地下矿山安全生产的基础,量化爆破振动波对巷道稳定性的动态损伤效应对地下矿山具有重要意义。以某矿第一分段为研究对象,针对无底柱分段崩落法矿体回采过程中下盘联巷与进路相交处因矿体回采产生的爆破振动出现冒顶事故,利用FLAC3D动力分析模块开展了在爆破荷载作用下确定无底柱分段崩落法下盘联巷合理位置的研究。研究结果表明:该矿分段高度为15 m,综合巷道质点的振动速度、位移以及应力三方面响应,得出下盘联巷距退采位置的安全距离为12 m。工程实践表明,研究得出的安全距离与矿山现场下盘联巷合理的安全距离绝对偏差仅0.7 m(<6%),可为矿山类似问题的解决提供解决思路和技术支撑。

, authors=罗浩铭1, 2, 李明润1, 2, 刘旭东1, 陈星明2, 王文通2, 安英东2, authorsList=罗浩铭, 李明润, 刘旭东, 陈星明, 王文通, 安英东, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李明润, authorNote=

罗浩铭(1998—),男,四川眉山人,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事非煤矿山安全及设计工作。E-mail:

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李明润(1998—),男,四川达州人,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事非煤矿山相关工作。E-mail:
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language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=爆破振动), Keyword(id=1322161573074940231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161564036215025, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=动力响应), Keyword(id=1322161573183992136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161564036215025, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=下盘联巷), Keyword(id=1322161573276266825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161564036215025, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=安全距离), Keyword(id=1322161573347569994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161564036215025, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=数值模拟)], refs=[Reference(id=1322161577613177194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161564036215025, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=LEE Chungwon, KIM 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Srudy on the effect of tunnel blasting construction on the vibration of adjacent buildings (structures)[D]. Xi'an: Xi'an University of Technology, 2021., articleTitle=Srudy on the effect of tunnel blasting construction on the vibration of adjacent buildings (structures), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322161578498175349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161564036215025, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=71, pageStart=605, pageEnd=622, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=11, authorNames=DUAN Baofu, XIA Hualin, YANG Xuxu, journalName=Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DUAN Baofu, XIA Hualin, YANG Xuxu. Impacts of bench blasting vibration on the stability of the surrounding rock masses of roadways[J]. 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Safety regulations for blasting:GB6722—2014[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China, 2014., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322161569413312792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161564036215025, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322161569421701401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161564036215025, companyId=1322161569413312792, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Sichuan Provincial Coal Design & Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan 610091, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322161569430090010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161564036215025, companyId=1322161569413312792, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川省煤炭设计研究院,四川 成都 610091)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322161569518170395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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articleId=1322161564036215025, language=CN, label=图10, caption=下盘增补炮排, figureFileSmall=/UlCqSbgo7pyFepESTnFfw==, figureFileBig=sC84pgTncEICl/uohM8k4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322161576791093600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161564036215025, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Rock mass mechanical parameters of numerical simulation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩体类型密度ρ/(kg/m3)弹性模量E/GPa剪切模量G/GPa黏聚力C/MPa抗拉强度σt/MPa内摩擦角φ/(°)泊松比μ抗压强度σc/MPa
围岩2 60014.665.910.380.19053.60.2524.00
矿体2 70018.757.810.680.32543.50.2415.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322161576874979681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161564036215025, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

数值模拟的岩体力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩体类型密度ρ/(kg/m3)弹性模量E/GPa剪切模量G/GPa黏聚力C/MPa抗拉强度σt/MPa内摩擦角φ/(°)泊松比μ抗压强度σc/MPa
围岩2 60014.665.910.380.19053.60.2524.00
矿体2 70018.757.810.680.32543.50.2415.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322161576958865762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161564036215025, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Parameters of rock, explosives and borehole

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩石密度 ρr/(kg/m3)纵波波速 Cer/(m/s)炸药密度 ρ0/(kg/m3)炸药爆速 D/(m/s)炮孔间距 a/m
2 6003 6001 0003 2000.27
), ArticleFig(id=1322161577051140451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161564036215025, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

岩石、炸药以及炮孔参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩石密度 ρr/(kg/m3)纵波波速 Cer/(m/s)炸药密度 ρ0/(kg/m3)炸药爆速 D/(m/s)炮孔间距 a/m
2 6003 6001 0003 2000.27
), ArticleFig(id=1322161577126637924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161564036215025, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Maximum vibration speed of each measuring point

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点最大振动速度/(cm/s)
下盘联巷距退采位置11 m下盘联巷距退采位置12 m
15.6834.917
221.23919.070
316.40314.288
412.34010.945
59.1697.750
68.4706.787
76.0495.246
85.6734.863
95.3104.813
105.4164.887
), ArticleFig(id=1322161577227301221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161564036215025, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各测点最大振动速度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点最大振动速度/(cm/s)
下盘联巷距退采位置11 m下盘联巷距退采位置12 m
15.6834.917
221.23919.070
316.40314.288
412.34010.945
59.1697.750
68.4706.787
76.0495.246
85.6734.863
95.3104.813
105.4164.887
), ArticleFig(id=1322161577298604390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161564036215025, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Maximum displacement of each measuring point at a distance of 12 m from the withdrawal position of the footwall roadway

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点最大位移量/mm
11.245
26.135
35.522
44.652
53.369
62.768
72.215
81.227
91.284
101.454
), ArticleFig(id=1322161577365713255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161564036215025, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

下盘联巷距退采位置12 m时各测点最大位移

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点最大位移量/mm
11.245
26.135
35.522
44.652
53.369
62.768
72.215
81.227
91.284
101.454
), ArticleFig(id=1322161577457987944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322161564036215025, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Maximum and minimum principal stress of each measuring point at a distance of 12 m from the withdrawal position of the footwall roadway

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监测点最大主应力峰值/MPa最小主应力谷值/MPa
10.188-0.471
20.083-2.007
30.116-3.752
4-0.277-7.861
5-0.447-6.760
6-0.412-6.248
7-0.679-7.757
80.183-0.393
90.188-0.212
100.131-0.882
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下盘联巷距退采位置12 m时各测点最大主应力和最小主应力

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监测点最大主应力峰值/MPa最小主应力谷值/MPa
10.188-0.471
20.083-2.007
30.116-3.752
4-0.277-7.861
5-0.447-6.760
6-0.412-6.248
7-0.679-7.757
80.183-0.393
90.188-0.212
100.131-0.882
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爆破荷载作用下无底柱分段崩落法下盘联巷位置的确定
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罗浩铭 1, 2 , 李明润 1, 2 , 刘旭东 1 , 陈星明 2 , 王文通 2 , 安英东 2
矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025,45(8): 30-36
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矿业研究与开发 |采矿与矿山充填 2025 , 45 (8) : 30 -36
爆破荷载作用下无底柱分段崩落法下盘联巷位置的确定
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罗浩铭(1998—),男,四川眉山人,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事非煤矿山安全及设计工作。E-mail:

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罗浩铭1, 2 , 李明润1, 2 , 刘旭东1, 陈星明2, 王文通2, 安英东2
作者信息
  • 1.四川省煤炭设计研究院,四川 成都 610091
  • 2.西南科技大学环境与资源学院,四川 绵阳 621010
通讯作者:
李明润(1998—),男,四川达州人,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事非煤矿山相关工作。E-mail:
作者简介:

罗浩铭(1998—),男,四川眉山人,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事非煤矿山安全及设计工作。E-mail:

Determination of the Position of Footwall Roadway by Non-Pillar Sublevel Caving Method Under Blasting Load
Haoming LUO1, 2 , Mingrun LI1, 2 , Xudong LIU1, Xingming CHEN2, Wentong WANG2, Yingdong AN2
Affiliations
  • 1.Sichuan Provincial Coal Design & Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan 610091, China
  • 2.School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25
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巷道稳定是地下矿山安全生产的基础,量化爆破振动波对巷道稳定性的动态损伤效应对地下矿山具有重要意义。以某矿第一分段为研究对象,针对无底柱分段崩落法矿体回采过程中下盘联巷与进路相交处因矿体回采产生的爆破振动出现冒顶事故,利用FLAC3D动力分析模块开展了在爆破荷载作用下确定无底柱分段崩落法下盘联巷合理位置的研究。研究结果表明:该矿分段高度为15 m,综合巷道质点的振动速度、位移以及应力三方面响应,得出下盘联巷距退采位置的安全距离为12 m。工程实践表明,研究得出的安全距离与矿山现场下盘联巷合理的安全距离绝对偏差仅0.7 m(<6%),可为矿山类似问题的解决提供解决思路和技术支撑。

无底柱分段崩落法  /  爆破振动  /  动力响应  /  下盘联巷  /  安全距离  /  数值模拟

Roadway stability is the foundation of safe production in underground mines, and it is of great significance to study the dynamic damage effects of blasting vibration wave on roadway stability in underground mines. Taking the first subsection of a mine as the research object, aiming at the roof fall accident caused by the blasting vibration at the intersection of the footwall roadway and the approach due to the mining of the ore body during the mining process of the ore body of the non-pillar sublevel caving method, the FLAC3D dynamic analysis module was used to determine the reasonable position of the footwall roadway of the non-pillar sublevel caving method under the blasting load. The results show that the height of the section of the mine is 15 m, considering the vibration velocity, displacement and stress response of the roadway particles, the safe distance between the footwall connection roadway and the withdrawal position is 12 m. The engineering practice shows that the safety distance obtained by the study is obsolute deviation of only 0.7 m (<6%) with the reasonable safety distance of the footwall connection roadway in the mine site, which can provide solutions and technical support for the solution of similar problems in the mines.

Non-pillar sublevel caving method  /  Blasting vibration  /  Dynamic response  /  Footwall roadway  /  Safety distance  /  Numerical simulation
罗浩铭, 李明润, 刘旭东, 陈星明, 王文通, 安英东. 爆破荷载作用下无底柱分段崩落法下盘联巷位置的确定. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (8) : 30 -36 .
Haoming LUO, Mingrun LI, Xudong LIU, Xingming CHEN, Wentong WANG, Yingdong AN. Determination of the Position of Footwall Roadway by Non-Pillar Sublevel Caving Method Under Blasting Load[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (8) : 30 -36 .
爆破振动是爆破公害之一[1-2],不仅会影响地面建筑物的安全,也会影响采空区、巷道围岩、硐室等的稳定性,甚至引发大规模的失稳[3-5]。在无底柱分段崩落法中,下盘联巷是一个重要的采场结构,承担着本分段通风、下盘矿石回采、行人以及车辆通行等重要作用;在下盘矿体回采阶段,往后退采过程中会不断靠近下盘联巷,受爆破振动的影响,下盘联巷与进路相交处极易出现片帮冒顶现象,导致矿山开采成本增加以及引发各种安全事故,进而影响矿石回采的安全性。为保证矿山安全生产,需在矿体下盘寻找合理的联巷位置[6]。
针对爆破振动影响的研究方法主要有数值分析法、现场实测法和理论分析法[7],但爆破振动对巷道围岩的影响难以用现场数据体现,纯理论研究变得相对困难[8],在实际应用中,数值模拟方法能够有效模拟爆破作用下围岩动静应力场的变化情况和作用机理,具有十分显著的优越性,因此该方法成为研究爆破振动作用较为有效的方法[9-10]。在数值模拟研究方面:XU Jinhui等[11]通过现场试验和数值模拟描绘了围岩的应力分布,揭示了深部岩体的破坏机理,提出了深部岩体爆破振动的新安全准则;YE Zhouyuan等[12]利用二维真实破裂过程分析计算软件RFPA2D模拟爆破振动作用下渗流巷道围岩的力学响应;周春煦等[13]通过数值模拟研究,得到适用于下穿隧道控制爆破施工安全距离的建议值;DENG Hongwei等[14]通过数值模拟研究了充填体中预成形巷道在不同爆炸距离和爆炸位置的动、静荷载作用下的力学响应;QI Qingjie等[15]采用三维数值模型研究了不同开挖距离对巷道围岩顶板变形和应力的影响,分析了裂隙岩体对爆破振动波在围岩中传播的影响及能量分布特征。
本研究以某矿第一分段为研究背景,该矿第一分段埋深约123 m,在生产过程中,第一分段矿体回采过程中部分下盘联巷由于爆破出矿而出现冒顶现象,对后续矿石回采工作的安全性产生了极大的威胁。利用FLAC3D动力分析模块,研究下盘联巷到退采位置的安全距离,得到的下盘联巷安全距离与矿山现场下盘联巷合理的安全距离高度相符,可为矿山类似问题提供解决思路与技术支撑。
采区矿体厚度东部为100~150 m,中间28 m,西部逐渐增大至86 m。走向北27°西,矿体倾角上部较缓,为50°~60°,1 580 m以下逐渐变陡,达70°~80°。矿体埋藏较浅,地表100 m以下见矿,矿体上部为氧化矿,厚度40~50 m,矿体顶板围岩从下至上依次为50 m的片麻岩和50 m的第四系表土,总体而言,采区矿岩整体比较破碎、稳定性较差;矿山采用无底柱分段崩落法开采,其结构参数为:分段高度为15 m,进路间距为15 m,崩矿步距为2.2 m;巷道断面高4.1 m,宽4.2 m。
采用Rhino-Griddle建立下盘联巷三维模型,并结合圣维南原理的相关规定,确定模型尺寸长70 m、宽58 m、高102 m;模型共约15万个网格,无退化网格,如图1所示。
为精确模拟爆破振动波在模型中的传播,设置网格尺寸ΔL满足式(1):
式中,λ为最高频率对应的波长。
模型初始条件应力主要包括水平应力及自重应力;根据采区的地应力大小特征,自重应力σv、水平应力σH分别按照下列公式施加:
式中:γ为岩体的容重,N/m3;h为岩体埋深,m;K为侧压力系数,水平梯度应力为Kρg,根据矿山实测,K取0.5。
模拟过程采用以下的基本假设:
(1)数值模拟过程中忽略采区地下水等因素;
(2)假设矿区矿体、围岩为各向同性的弹塑性体材料。
采用位移边界条件,即模型的左右边界(x方向),前、后边界(y方向)和底部边界均施加位移约束条件,上边界施加2.418 MPa替代93 m的覆岩。
本次模拟选用Mohr-Coulomb本构模型,并根据相关研究及类似工程提供的现场土工试验结果,选取的岩石力学参数见表1。
爆破荷载的形式存在许多不同的看法,因此爆破荷载的确定一直是爆破数值模拟计算中的一个难点。目前确定炸药传入岩石中的荷载多采用的是近似计算的方法,根据研究内容的不同进行有取舍的简化[16];本文的研究思路可以简化为:以一条回采进路为研究对象,研究最后一个崩矿歩距产生的爆破振动对下盘联巷产生的影响,以寻找在动力响应下下盘联巷的位置。在实际工程应用中,炮孔压力变化历程的选取仍是以半理论半经验的指数衰减型荷载或者三角形荷载为主,其中三角形荷载较为常见[17],故将爆破荷载简化为三角形荷载,如图2所示。
典型冲击波加载曲线达到峰值的时间一般为8~12 ms,卸载时间一般为80~120 ms[18-19];本研究取加载到峰值的时间为12 ms,卸载时间为100 ms,总共动力计算时间为212 ms。
对于某一个装药炮孔,炮孔壁受到的初始波峰压力由下式[16,20]确定:
式中:Pr为岩体中冲击波初始波峰压力;ρr为岩石的密度;Cer为岩体中的纵波波速;ρ0为炸药密度;D为炸药爆速;Pe为炸药爆轰压力,按式(5)计算。
Pw为简化到爆破扇形面上的压力,其计算公式如下:
式中:a为炮孔间距;rb为炮孔半径。
为了更好地研究爆破振动响应,需要将整个非弹性区(粉碎区和破碎区)等效为爆破的振动源,并将爆破荷载作用在等效弹性边界上[21];李庆文[22]研究得出粉碎区为1~4倍炮孔半径、裂隙区为4~10倍炮孔半径、弹性振动区大于10~15倍炮孔半径。矿山作业现场炮孔半径为0.04 m,本研究粉碎区半径取4倍炮孔半径(0.16 m),裂隙区半径取10倍炮孔半径(0.4 m),荷载施加的位置为裂隙圈的外边缘上,按照式(7)和式(8)[23]计算,岩石、炸药以及炮孔参数见表2。
在破碎区范围内侧,冲击波的应力衰减规律为:
在裂隙区,冲击波则转化为应力波,其衰减规律为:
式中:r1为破碎区半径;r2为裂隙区半径;μd是岩石的动态泊松比,动态泊松比是静态泊松比的0.8倍。
通过上述公式可以计算得到作用在裂隙圈边缘的爆破荷载的峰值压力为10 MPa。本次研究是把爆破荷载施加在模型的边界上,因此动力计算分析的边界条件采用自由场边界[24],阻尼采用局部阻尼。
在进路中轴线(x=35 m)布置10个测点,测点布置如图3所示,动力计算中主要对1~10号测点的振动速度、位移响应以及应力响应进行了监测,下盘联巷尺寸为高4.1 m、宽4.2 m。
参考我国现行的《爆破安全规程》(GB 6722—2014)[25]建立振动速度安全判据:当矿山巷道质点爆破振动速度大于20 cm/s时,可能会引起既有巷道的结构破坏。
下盘联巷距离退采位置11 m、12 m时,以上各测点在动力响应过程中具体的振动速度曲线分别如图4、图5所示。
各测点的最大振动速度见表3(结果保留3位小数)。
由上述模拟计算结果可知,当下盘联巷距退采位置11 m时,2号测点的最大振动速度为21.239 cm/s,超过安全允许质点振动速度,此时在矿石回采过程中可能会引起巷道既有结构的破坏;当下盘联巷距退采位置12 m时,各测点最大振动速度均小于20 cm/s,符合振动速度安全判据。初步确定下盘联巷距离退采位置12 m为合理距离。
在速度监测时,已经初步确定了下盘联巷的位置,因此在位移分析中,只分析下盘联巷距退采位置为12 m的位移情况。各测点在动力响应过程中的位移曲线如图6所示,各测点的最大位移量见表4。
由表4可知,测点越靠近爆破源,位移响应就越大。巷道底板的位移响应小于巷道顶板和巷道侧帮的位移响应,其中2号测点离爆源最近,其位移响应最大。但下盘联巷所布置的测点在整个动力响应过程中的位移均较小,因此从测点位移方面考虑,下盘联巷距退采位置为12 m是安全的。
测点应力响应主要监测测点的最大主应力和最小主应力。在FLAC3D中数值为正表示拉应力、数值为负表示压压力,最大主应力表示拉应力,故主要分析监测曲线的峰值;最小主应力表示压应力,故主要分析监测曲线的谷值。在振动速度监测时,已经初步确定了下盘联巷的位置,因此在应力分析时,只需分析下盘联巷距退采位置为12 m的应力响应情况。
下盘联巷距离退采位置12 m时,各测点在动力响应过程中的最大主应力、最小主应力监测曲线分别如图7、图8所示,各测点的最大主应力、最小主应力值见表5。
根据表5分析得出:下盘联巷顶板和侧帮的最大主应力峰值小于巷道底板的最大主应力峰值,并且顶板和侧帮最小主应力谷值的绝对值大于巷道底板最小主应力谷值的绝对值。下盘联巷所布置的测点在整个动力响应过程中的最大主应力峰值以及最小主应力谷值均未超过巷道围岩的抗拉强度以及抗压强度,因此从测点应力响应方面考虑,下盘联巷距退采位置为12 m是安全的。
该分段某条进路退采位置距离下盘联巷过近,回采产生的爆破振动使得下盘联巷和进路相交处发生破坏,如图9所示。以下盘联巷中轴线为界,靠近爆源一侧为迎爆面,受矿石回采过程中爆破产生的爆破振动影响,下盘联巷迎爆面一侧极易发生破坏,爆破产生的爆破振动使巷道质点的振动速度超过测点允许安全振动速度,进而导致顶板处发生垮塌,垮塌区域为2号测点附近。
该矿山每条进路设计40排炮孔,目前已经回采至第39排炮孔,但回采完第40排炮孔后还未回采到合理的退采位置,因此可在下盘矿体处增补炮排。根据已结束回采的进路最后一排出矿量进行估算,增补的炮孔每排回采矿量约为800 t。为了实现经济最大化,此进路仍可再增补3排炮孔,如图10所示。矿山该分段进路现场以红外测距仪测得矿石与废石分界位置,即第40排炮孔处至下盘联巷非迎爆面一侧的侧壁距离为20 m。崩矿歩距为2.2 m,增补3排炮排后,距离为:20−2.2×3=13.4 m,即当把剩下的3排炮孔增补完后,退采位置距下盘联巷非迎爆面一侧的侧壁距离为13.4 m。下盘联巷宽4.2 m,以巷道中轴线为准,退采位置距下盘联巷的距离为:13.4−(4.2/2)=11.3 m。动力响应分析综合计算得出,当分段高度为15 m时,退采位置与下盘联巷的距离为12 m,与现场实际情况高度相符,证明上述分析过程正确,研究结果可信。
以某矿第一分段为例,通过FLAC3D动力分析模块,分析巷道质点的振动速度、位移以及应力,对矿山下盘联巷的合理位置进行了确定,得到以下主要结论。
(1)在巷道的稳定性分析中,爆破产生的峰值荷载为10 MPa,大于巷道所受的上覆围岩自重应力以及水平应力,说明该矿山第一分段矿石回采产生的爆破振动是影响下盘联巷稳定性的主要因素。
(2)在动力分析的过程中,振动安全判据优于位移/应力响应(敏感度高83%),监测点的振动速度的响应率大于监测点的位移与应力响应率,监测点的振动速度是判断下盘联巷在爆破荷载作用下是否稳定性的主要判据。
(3)综合所布置的监测点的振动速度响应、位移响应以及应力响应3方面考虑得出:下盘联巷位置距最后一排炮孔的距离为12 m时满足经济、安全各方面需求。
(4)数值模拟分析所得出的下盘联巷安全距离为12 m,矿山现场合理的下盘联巷距离为11.3 m,生产实践表明,现场实测11.3 m与数据模拟值12 m偏差5.8%,满足工程误差<10%要求,研究结果可为矿山类似问题的解决提供研究思路与技术支撑。

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2025年第45卷第8期
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  • 接收时间:2024-10-09
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
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    1.四川省煤炭设计研究院,四川 成都 610091
    2.西南科技大学环境与资源学院,四川 绵阳 621010

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李明润(1998—),男,四川达州人,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事非煤矿山相关工作。E-mail:
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