Article(id=1322158445848019003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322158299525530318, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729008000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793156738006, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793156738006, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793156738006, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793156738006, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322158299525530318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='280', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1753372800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793156703120, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158832445, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322167230608028625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322158299525530318, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322167230608028626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322158299525530318, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=134, endPage=142, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322158446116454460, articleId=1322158445848019003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Investigation and Stability Analysis of Existing Old Landslide Body in an Open-Pit Mine, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The existing old landslide body is a major safety hazard in the open-pit mining field, and its stability research is of great significance to ensure the safe production of the open-pit mining field. The slope stability of an existing old landslide body in an open-pit mine was studied by using multiple geophysical methods + pattern search method. Firstly, through the seismic imaging method, supplemented by transient electromagnetic method and other geophysical methods, the sliding surface of the existing landslide body was investigated to obtain the position of the existing sliding surface. Then, the pattern search method was used to search the most dangerous sliding surface of the whole slope, and the Bishop method was used to analyze its stability. The results show that the seismic imaging method and the transient electromagnetic method can be used as an effective method to investigate the sliding surface of the existing landslide body after mutual verification. The safety factor of the existing old sliding surface is greater than 1.15, indicating that the sliding surface is relatively stable as a whole. The potential most dangerous sliding surface outside the sliding surface of the existing landslide body has been searched by the pattern search method. A total of eight unsafe sliding surfaces have been found in the P1 slope under the condition of self-weight and earthquake, which are mainly located outside the existing old landslide body, at the top of the slope and below the toe of the existing old landslide body, that is, the position where the slope is steep and varied, and the position with local outburst. A total of three unsafe sliding surfaces have been found in the P1 slope under the self-weight and rainfall conditions, which are mainly located at the lower part of the exit of the existing old sliding surface. P2 slope is basically stable. The research results can provide a reference for slope monitoring and geological disaster prevention.

, authors=Qingsong LII, Jianhua LII, Qinxi DONGI, authorsList=Qingsong LI, Jianhua LI, Qinxi DONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322158455448780937, articleId=1322158445848019003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=某露天矿已有老滑坡体边坡勘察及稳定性分析研究, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

已有老滑坡体边坡作为露天矿采场的重大安全隐患,其稳定性研究对保障露天采场的安全生产具有重要意义。采用多种物探方法+模式搜索法对某露天矿已有老滑坡体的边坡稳定性进行研究。首先,通过地震映像法,并辅以瞬变电磁法及其他物探方法,对已有滑坡体的滑动面进行勘察,获得已有滑动面的位置;然后,采用模式搜索法对整个边坡最危险滑动面进行搜索,再结合毕肖谱法(Bishop法)分析其稳定性。结果表明:地震映像法和瞬变电磁法经过相互验证,均可作为勘察已有滑坡体滑动面的有效方法;已有老滑动面的安全系数均大于1.15,表明滑动面整体较为稳定。通过模式搜索法搜索出了已有滑坡体滑动面以外的潜在最危险滑动面,P1边坡在自重+地震工况下,共搜索出8处不安全滑动面,主要位于已有老滑坡体的外部、坡体的顶部和已有老滑坡体坡脚的下方,即坡度较陡且有变化的位置,以及局部突出的位置;P1边坡在自重+暴雨工况下,共搜索出3处不安全滑动面,主要位于已有老滑动面出口的下部;P2边坡则基本为稳定状态。研究结果可为边坡监测及地质灾害防治提供参考。

, authors=李青松I, 黎剑华I, 董勤喜I, authorsList=李青松, 黎剑华, 董勤喜, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

李青松(1972—),男,湖南郴州人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为工程监测和检测。E-mail:

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李青松(1972—),男,湖南郴州人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为工程监测和检测。E-mail:

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李青松(1972—),男,湖南郴州人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为工程监测和检测。E-mail:

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Basic parameters of profile rock stratum

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
剖面岩层节理起始倾角/(°)节理终止倾角/(°)节理内摩擦角/(°)节理黏聚力/kPa
Qml+dl碎石————
Pt2sh砂岩4040377.5
Pt2sh砂岩(饱和)4040304.8
D3s-D2q灰岩3535154.8
D3s-D2q灰岩(饱和)3535132.8
D3X砂岩3636377.5
D3X砂岩(饱和)3636304.8
), ArticleFig(id=1322158459840217267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158445848019003, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

剖面岩层基本参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
剖面岩层节理起始倾角/(°)节理终止倾角/(°)节理内摩擦角/(°)节理黏聚力/kPa
Qml+dl碎石————
Pt2sh砂岩4040377.5
Pt2sh砂岩(饱和)4040304.8
D3s-D2q灰岩3535154.8
D3s-D2q灰岩(饱和)3535132.8
D3X砂岩3636377.5
D3X砂岩(饱和)3636304.8
), ArticleFig(id=1322158459940880564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158445848019003, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Safety factors under different working conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况模拟因素安全系数备注
工况1自重1.35该工况无地下水作用,不考虑张裂缝,不考虑地震荷载,仅考虑岩体节理的影响,工况阶段为持久设计状况。
工况2自重+地震1.15该工况无地下水作用,不考虑张裂缝,考虑岩体节理及地震荷载的影响,工况阶段为地震设计状况。抗震设防烈度为7度(0.15g),综合水平地震系数aw=0.037 5,地震作用重要性系数Ci=1.1。
工况3自重+暴雨1.15该工况考虑地下水作用,考虑张裂缝影响,考虑岩体节理的影响,不考虑地震荷载,工况阶段为偶然设计状况。极端暴雨作用下,岩土体处于饱和状态。
), ArticleFig(id=1322158460041543861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158445848019003, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同工况下的安全系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况模拟因素安全系数备注
工况1自重1.35该工况无地下水作用,不考虑张裂缝,不考虑地震荷载,仅考虑岩体节理的影响,工况阶段为持久设计状况。
工况2自重+地震1.15该工况无地下水作用,不考虑张裂缝,考虑岩体节理及地震荷载的影响,工况阶段为地震设计状况。抗震设防烈度为7度(0.15g),综合水平地震系数aw=0.037 5,地震作用重要性系数Ci=1.1。
工况3自重+暴雨1.15该工况考虑地下水作用,考虑张裂缝影响,考虑岩体节理的影响,不考虑地震荷载,工况阶段为偶然设计状况。极端暴雨作用下,岩土体处于饱和状态。
), ArticleFig(id=1322158460150595766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158445848019003, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Safety factors from the stability analysis of existing slip surface

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况P1边坡P2边坡稳定性判断
工况12.532.55均大于1.35,稳定。
工况21.311.52均大于1.15,稳定。
工况32.132.22均大于1.15,稳定。
), ArticleFig(id=1322158460247064759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158445848019003, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

已有滑动面稳定性分析安全系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况P1边坡P2边坡稳定性判断
工况12.532.55均大于1.35,稳定。
工况21.311.52均大于1.15,稳定。
工况32.132.22均大于1.15,稳定。
), ArticleFig(id=1322158460335145144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158445848019003, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Safety factors of the most dangerous slip surfaces of P1slope

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况安全系数圆心,半径/m稳定性判断备注
工况11.32(132.5,263.9), 61.14基本稳定–
工况20.88(327.98,334.23), 11.53不稳定共搜索出8处不安全滑动面,主要位于已有老滑坡体的外部、坡体的顶部和已有老滑坡体坡脚的下方,即坡度较陡且有变化的位置,以及局部突出的位置。
工况31.10(124.23, 275.95), 75.95基本稳定共搜索出3处不安全滑动面,主要位于已有老滑动面出口的下部。
), ArticleFig(id=1322158460410642617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158445848019003, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

P1 边坡最危险滑动面安全系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况安全系数圆心,半径/m稳定性判断备注
工况11.32(132.5,263.9), 61.14基本稳定–
工况20.88(327.98,334.23), 11.53不稳定共搜索出8处不安全滑动面,主要位于已有老滑坡体的外部、坡体的顶部和已有老滑坡体坡脚的下方,即坡度较陡且有变化的位置,以及局部突出的位置。
工况31.10(124.23, 275.95), 75.95基本稳定共搜索出3处不安全滑动面,主要位于已有老滑动面出口的下部。
), ArticleFig(id=1322158460490334394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158445848019003, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Safety factors of the most dangerous slip surfaces obtained of P2 slope

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况安全系数圆心,半径/m稳定性判断
工况11.69(239.43, 344.76), 42.7稳定
工况21.42(240.24, 341.77), 39.67稳定
工况31.52(320.39, 365.48), 29.06稳定
), ArticleFig(id=1322158460595191995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158445848019003, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

P2 边坡最危险滑动面安全系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况安全系数圆心,半径/m稳定性判断
工况11.69(239.43, 344.76), 42.7稳定
工况21.42(240.24, 341.77), 39.67稳定
工况31.52(320.39, 365.48), 29.06稳定
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某露天矿已有老滑坡体边坡勘察及稳定性分析研究
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李青松 I , 黎剑华 I , 董勤喜 I
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(7): 134-142
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (7) : 134 -142
某露天矿已有老滑坡体边坡勘察及稳定性分析研究
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李青松(1972—),男,湖南郴州人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为工程监测和检测。E-mail:

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李青松I , 黎剑华I, 董勤喜I
作者信息
  • 广州铁路职业技术学院,广东 广州 511300
作者简介:

李青松(1972—),男,湖南郴州人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为工程监测和检测。E-mail:

Investigation and Stability Analysis of Existing Old Landslide Body in an Open-Pit Mine
Qingsong LII , Jianhua LII, Qinxi DONGI
Affiliations
  • Guangzhou Railway Polytechnic, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511300, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25
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已有老滑坡体边坡作为露天矿采场的重大安全隐患,其稳定性研究对保障露天采场的安全生产具有重要意义。采用多种物探方法+模式搜索法对某露天矿已有老滑坡体的边坡稳定性进行研究。首先,通过地震映像法,并辅以瞬变电磁法及其他物探方法,对已有滑坡体的滑动面进行勘察,获得已有滑动面的位置;然后,采用模式搜索法对整个边坡最危险滑动面进行搜索,再结合毕肖谱法(Bishop法)分析其稳定性。结果表明:地震映像法和瞬变电磁法经过相互验证,均可作为勘察已有滑坡体滑动面的有效方法;已有老滑动面的安全系数均大于1.15,表明滑动面整体较为稳定。通过模式搜索法搜索出了已有滑坡体滑动面以外的潜在最危险滑动面,P1边坡在自重+地震工况下,共搜索出8处不安全滑动面,主要位于已有老滑坡体的外部、坡体的顶部和已有老滑坡体坡脚的下方,即坡度较陡且有变化的位置,以及局部突出的位置;P1边坡在自重+暴雨工况下,共搜索出3处不安全滑动面,主要位于已有老滑动面出口的下部;P2边坡则基本为稳定状态。研究结果可为边坡监测及地质灾害防治提供参考。

露天矿  /  边坡勘察  /  老滑坡体  /  稳定性分析  /  模式搜索法

The existing old landslide body is a major safety hazard in the open-pit mining field, and its stability research is of great significance to ensure the safe production of the open-pit mining field. The slope stability of an existing old landslide body in an open-pit mine was studied by using multiple geophysical methods + pattern search method. Firstly, through the seismic imaging method, supplemented by transient electromagnetic method and other geophysical methods, the sliding surface of the existing landslide body was investigated to obtain the position of the existing sliding surface. Then, the pattern search method was used to search the most dangerous sliding surface of the whole slope, and the Bishop method was used to analyze its stability. The results show that the seismic imaging method and the transient electromagnetic method can be used as an effective method to investigate the sliding surface of the existing landslide body after mutual verification. The safety factor of the existing old sliding surface is greater than 1.15, indicating that the sliding surface is relatively stable as a whole. The potential most dangerous sliding surface outside the sliding surface of the existing landslide body has been searched by the pattern search method. A total of eight unsafe sliding surfaces have been found in the P1 slope under the condition of self-weight and earthquake, which are mainly located outside the existing old landslide body, at the top of the slope and below the toe of the existing old landslide body, that is, the position where the slope is steep and varied, and the position with local outburst. A total of three unsafe sliding surfaces have been found in the P1 slope under the self-weight and rainfall conditions, which are mainly located at the lower part of the exit of the existing old sliding surface. P2 slope is basically stable. The research results can provide a reference for slope monitoring and geological disaster prevention.

Open-pit mine  /  Slope investigation  /  Old landslide body  /  Stability analysis  /  Pattern search method
李青松, 黎剑华, 董勤喜. 某露天矿已有老滑坡体边坡勘察及稳定性分析研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (7) : 134 -142 .
Qingsong LI, Jianhua LI, Qinxi DONG. Investigation and Stability Analysis of Existing Old Landslide Body in an Open-Pit Mine[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (7) : 134 -142 .
20世纪以来,技术进步和经济发展推动了露天矿产业的迅速发展。随着露天矿产量增加,边坡问题日益突出。边坡的安全性和稳定性是影响露天矿生产安全和经济效益的关键因素之一[1-2]。特别是已有老滑坡体的边坡,其对于露天矿安全生产的影响尤其显著。因此,对已有老滑坡体边坡进行稳定性分析显得尤为紧迫和重要。
常用的边坡稳定性分析方法有数值分析法、组合赋权评价法、安全系数评价方法等。针对数值分析法,吴礼军等[3]使用Geo-Studio软件对高陡边坡下矿体开采对边坡稳定性的影响进行数值模拟,得到了不同开采阶段边坡的稳定性系数。WANG等[4]使用ABQUS模拟软件研究边坡稳定性和岩体渗透系数的关系。任高峰等[5]使用ANSYS/LS-DYNA模拟软件分析有无溶洞条件下爆破对边坡稳定性的影响,发现溶洞的存在会造成应力值的改变和应力集中现象,但产生的有效应力峰值总体远低于岩体的单轴抗压强度。杨明财等[6]采用FLAC3D软件结合强度折减法对某露天矿山边坡稳定性进行分析,发现内摩擦角对边坡稳定性的影响最大,其次为黏聚力,而泊松比的影响最小。刘国寅等[7]采用极限平衡法和FLAC3D数值模拟法分析了终了露天采场边坡稳定性。
针对组合赋权评价法,傅杨攀等[8]将CSMR和卷积神经网络结合进行建模;陈文强等[9]利用TOPSIS方法结合组合权重进行建模;程平等[10]用传统层次分析法结合可拓理论进行建模;程杰等[11]用层次分析法结合模糊数学进行建模;冯忠居等[12]基于熵权–灰关联法进行建模;王其虎等[13]基于博弈论–可拓云模型进行建模;王洪麒等[14]将指标权重与云模型理论相结合进行建模。基于以上方法建立边坡稳定评价模型,并进行边坡稳定性分析。
应用最为广泛的评价方法是安全系数评价方法。陈祖煜[15]和李德林[16]应用单形法、牛顿迭代法、非线性规划法等最优化理论数学方法,研究了如何快速找到最危险滑动面。WANG等[17]、李宁等[18]、刘恺等[19]、邓骐宁[20]为了分析结构面产状与边坡坡面空间关系对边坡稳定性的影响,用聚类法和图形分析法来研究如何确定优势结构面。此外,蚁群算法、粒子群算法、模拟退火算法、鱼群算法、人工蜂群算法、人工仿生算法等启发式群体智能算法[21-28]也被引入到智能优化算法中,并将其应用到边坡临界滑面搜索领域。周亮等[29]、莫海鸿等[30]对搜索者寻优算法进行了改进,突破了传统搜索最危险滑动面方法的束缚,提出了一种运用模式搜索法确定边坡最危险滑动面的方法,并计算出与其对应的最小安全系数。
以上研究主要对新开挖边坡及尾矿库边坡进行分析,而对已有老滑坡边坡稳定性的研究较少。对此,以某露天矿山已有老滑坡为工程背景,首先,采用物探方法对已有老滑坡体不同位置的滑动面进行较为准确的勘察;然后,在勘察出已有滑移面的基础上,对已有老滑坡体进行安全系数法分析;最后,运用模式搜索法对已有老滑坡体滑动面在自重、自重+地震、自重+暴雨3种不同工况下的稳定性进行分析。研究结果可为有效预防已有老滑坡体边坡发生地质灾害提供参考。
该露天采场呈椭圆形展布,长轴走向约为36°,东西长1 200 m,南北宽500 m。采坑周缘为多台阶岩质边坡,台阶高度为10 m,采坑最大垂直深度近200 m,台阶边坡角为53°~68°,工作帮坡角为40°~ 55°。采场由北向南依次出露双桥山群变质粉砂岩及泥质板岩、黄龙组白云质灰岩及锡矿山组石英砂岩、砂砾岩。露天采场东南侧因开挖卸荷形成阶梯状边坡,该区域发育两处典型滑坡体,分为P1和P2。
P1边坡最大高程约为333 m,最低高程约为135 m,最大坡高约为198 m,宽度约为200 m,坡面倾向约为299°,边坡坡度为35°~50°。前期滑坡发生于边坡的中上部至坡顶,标高为255~333 m。标高255 m处有一平台,宽度为10~15 m;标高255 m以上坡度稍缓,标高255 m以下坡度稍陡。平台下部呈多级台阶状,坡度为40°~55°。
P2边坡最大高程约为326 m,最低高程约为137 m,最大坡高约为189 m,宽度约为210 m,坡面倾向约为302°,边坡坡度为35°~40°。前期发生滑坡的平面上大致呈梯形,滑坡后壁高程约为325 m,滑动破坏坡脚处高程约为200 m,滑坡中部宽度约为170 m。标高200 m以上坡度稍缓;标高200 m以下坡度稍陡,呈多级台阶状。
P1和P2边坡地层由上到下主要为第四系坡积碎石土、锡矿山组(D3x)石英砂岩岩组、棋子桥–佘田桥组(D2q-D3s)灰岩夹薄层状粉砂岩岩组,下伏双桥山群(Pt2sh)板岩及变质粉砂岩岩组。
为准确查明P1和P2滑坡体的滑动面位置,初期采用钻探进行勘察,但由于坡体破碎程度高,护壁泥浆制备较困难,钻孔内泥浆流失速度快,塌孔严重,导致勘察结果并不准确。后期采用高密度电阻率法、地震映像法、瞬变电磁法分别在各滑坡体的上部、中部和下部3条水平测线处进行勘察。
由于两处滑坡体表面碎石含量较多,细颗粒含量过少,空隙率较高,含水量很小,在电极位置浇水的匹配性都较差,高密度电阻率法未能取得较好的效果。因此,主要选取了地震映像法对P1和P2边坡进行测定,得到了P1和P2边坡的时间剖面图及物探地质断面图,并在P2边坡上部测线位置辅以瞬变电磁法进行复核,结果如图1和图2所示。基于物探分析结果,结合已有地形图等资料,得出两处已有滑坡体边坡滑动面的工程地质剖面图,如图3和图4所示。由以上勘察结果可以看出,相对于已有滑动面,整体坡体基本稳定,与现状相符。
模式搜索法是一种最优化计算方法,也称为步长加速法,一般用于求n元函数f(x1,x2,x3,··· ,xn)的极值。该方法包括探索性移动和模式性移动。前者是为了发现目标函数的变化规律,探索n元函数f(x1,x2,x3,···,xn)的变化方向;后者是为了沿着已探索好的有利方向找到更好的点,可以看成是一种加速。
探索性移动的公式为:
式中:为从迭代点x(k)出发,迭代第k+1次,按坐标方向ei探索性移动时得到的点;x(k)为迭代点;k为不同迭代次数的迭代点的序号,k=0,1,2,···;k=0时,为初始点;ei为坐标方向,i=0,1,2,···;ai为探索性移动步长,a0>0;、为中间变量。
以第一个坐标方向为例(i=0),取,,进行探索性移动,具体步骤如下:
(1)若,则这一维的探索性移动完成,取。然后对第二个分量进行探索;
(2)若,取,再判定,若,则这一维的探索性移动完成,取,然后对第二个分量进行探索;
(3)若,则认为这一维的探索性移动完成,取,然后对第二个分量进行探索;
(4)若,则缩小步长,再进行探索性移动,如果还是有,则继续缩小步长,再进行探索性移动,直至‖a‖≤ε,此时为近似极小值点;
(5)若,则完成探索性移动,然后进行模式性移动。
模式性移动的公式为:
式中:ẍ(k+1)是新的试验点,是从迭代点出发,沿方向,步长λk=1求出的新试验点;λk为模式性移动步长;为模式性移动迭代点,是通过探索性移动得到的点,可以设;Pk为模式性移动迭代方向,可以设。
ẍ(k+1)求出后,从ẍ(k+1)出发,根据式(2)对其进行一次模式性移动,得到点,然后进行以下判断:
(1)若,则令,一次迭代完成,得到新迭代点x(k+1);
(2)若,则令,将步长缩小,重新从式(1)开始探索性移动,当步长足够小时,迭代结束。
按以上模式搜索法,计算出n元函数f(x1, x2, x3, ···, xn)的极值,该方法也可以结合到其他计算方法中应用,如结合简步法(Janbu)、毕肖普法(Bishop)等。
根据钻探取样的室内试验成果,结合已有的矿区详细勘探地质报告等相关资料,得出计算分析所需的已有滑坡体边坡岩土介质基本参数,见表1。
采用模式搜索法与简化毕肖普法(Bishop)对滑坡体的边坡稳定性进行分析,已有滑动面按物探所得成果给定,其他潜在破坏滑动面通过模式搜索法计算得到。土条宽度设定为1.0 m,当土条重切向分力与滑动方向相反时,将其等效视为下滑力参与计算,搜索时的圆心步长为0.5 m,搜索时的半径步长为0.5 m。自动搜索最危险滑裂面,基于总应力法开展计算,充分考虑渗透力的影响,边坡外侧静水压力暂不考虑,计算边坡安全系数。表2为不同工况下的安全系数。
地震荷载标准根据《中国地震动参数区划图》(GB 18306–2015),矿区所在地方抗震设防烈度为Ⅵ度,可不考虑地震荷载作用。进行稳定性分析时将矿区所在地方抗震设防烈度提高至Ⅶ度,地震动峰值加速度为0.15g,地震动反应谱特征周期为0.35 s。
根据图3和图4,对P1和P2边坡已有滑动面进行整体稳定性分析,得出其安全系数,见表3。
采用模式搜索法对P1和P2边坡进行稳定性分析,得出不同工况下边坡已有老滑动面以外最危险滑动面,如图5和图6所示,其对应的安全系数见表4和表5。
由表3可知,P1和P2坡体整体在已有滑动面上是稳定的,这一点与该露天矿现状坡体的状态相符。由图5和图6、表4和表5可知,P1边坡在工况1时基本稳定;在工况2时共搜索出8处不安全滑动面,主要位于已有老滑坡体的外部、坡体的顶部和已有老滑坡体坡脚的下方,即坡度较陡且有变化的位置,以及局部突出的位置;在工况3时共搜索出3处不安全滑动面,主要位于已有老滑动面出口的下部。P2坡体均为稳定状态。该分析结果可为地质灾害监测提供有效参考。
本文基于多种物探方法对某露天矿已有老滑坡体不同位置的滑动面进行精准勘察,并通过模式搜索计算方法分析自重、自重+地震、自重+暴雨3种不同工况下已有老滑坡体的稳定性,得出以下主要结论。
(1)通过物探分析方法对已有老滑坡体边坡滑动面位置进行有效勘察,其中,地震映像法和瞬变电磁法的勘察效果较好。勘察发现,相对于已有滑动面,整体坡体基本稳定,与现状相符。
(2)用模式搜索法对已有滑动面在不同工况下的稳定性进行分析,结果表明,P1和P2边坡已有滑动面在3种工况下是稳定的。进一步分析最危险滑动面,发现最危险滑动面分别存在于P1和P2边坡的不同区域,但其对应的安全系数均略小于通常设定的安全系数,可以认为是基本稳定状态,局部存在较小范围的不稳定状态,与现状相符。
(3)通过实践再次验证了安全系数评价方法在露天矿边坡已有老滑坡体稳定性分析中的可行性,不仅可以评价边坡的整体稳定性,还可以分析得出可能存在的不稳定区域。研究结果可以为边坡监测及地质灾害防治提供参考。
  • 广州市教育局产学研结合项目(202032798)
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2025年第45卷第7期
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  • 接收时间:2024-10-16
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-16
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广州市教育局产学研结合项目(202032798)
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    广州铁路职业技术学院,广东 广州 511300
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Percentage of
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属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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