Article(id=1322158425102987507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322158299525530318, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722355200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793156733060, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793156733060, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793156733060, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793156733060, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322158299525530318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='280', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1753372800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793156703120, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158832445, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322167230608028625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322158299525530318, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322167230608028626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322158299525530318, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=143, endPage=151, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322158425300119796, articleId=1322158425102987507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Research on Deformation Behavior and Laws of Multi-Level Mining in Xitieshan Lead-Zinc Mine, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the problem of dynamic disaster induced by multi-level combined mining in deep mines, the stress evolution law and deformation behavior characteristics of surrounding rock in multi-level mining area were studied. By means of geological survey, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the stability of the multi-level mining area of 03-011 line in the eastern part of 2 402-2 522 meter of Xitieshan Lead-Zinc Mine was analyzed, and the deformation and failure behaviors of surrounding rock and ore body in the mining process was demonstrated. The results show that the deformation and failure of the multi-level mining area in this mine mainly occur in the thick and large stope of individual ore bodies and the middle part of the regional mining. The maximum settlement of the top pillar position in the level of the mining status is close to 4 cm, and there is no greater risk. In the subsequent mining of 2 462 m level, the displacement of 14003-3 stope is the largest, and the settlement value exceeds 6 cm. The displacement of multiple stopes on both sides is about 5 cm, and there may be some stope collapse. Combined with the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of deformation and failure in multi-level mining, aiming at the potential ground pressure in the mining process, the mining planning optimization has been carried out for the mining design, which can provide a theoretical support for the safe and efficient mining of multi-level in the subsequent mining area.

, authors=Tianyu GAO1, Haiyun ZHANG2, 3, Zeshan CAI1, Zhengming LI1, Zhongchuan ZHANG2, 3, authorsList=Tianyu GAO, Haiyun ZHANG, Zeshan CAI, Zhengming LI, Zhongchuan ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Haiyun ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322158430295535876, articleId=1322158425102987507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=锡铁山多中段回采变形行为及规律研究, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对深部矿山多中段联合采动诱发动力灾害显现的问题,对多中段回采区域应力演化规律及围岩变形行为特征进行了研究,通过地质调查、理论分析、数值模拟等方法对锡铁山铅锌矿2 402~2 522 m东部03~011线多中段回采区域的稳定性进行了分析,对开采过程中的围岩及矿体变形破坏行为进行了论证。结果表明,锡铁山多中段回采区域变形破坏主要发生于个别矿体厚大采场以及区域回采中部位置。开采现状的中段顶柱位置最大沉降接近4 cm,暂无较大风险。后续开采2 462 m中段中,14003-3采场位移最大,沉降值超出6 cm,两侧多个采场位移约为5 cm,可能存在部分采场的垮冒。结合多中段回采变形破坏时空演化特征,针对开采过程中潜在的地压问题,对开采设计进行了回采规划优化。研究可为后续矿山区域内多中段安全高效开采提供理论支撑。

, authors=高天宇1, 张海云2, 3, 蔡泽山1, 李正明1, 张忠传2, 3, authorsList=高天宇, 张海云, 蔡泽山, 李正明, 张忠传, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张海云, authorNote=

高天宇(1993—),男,辽宁葫芦岛人,工程师,主要从事高效采矿技术研究。E-mail:

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张海云(1992—),男,湖南怀化人,硕士,工程师,主要从事金属矿床开采技术研究。E-mail:
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高天宇(1993—),男,辽宁葫芦岛人,工程师,主要从事高效采矿技术研究。E-mail:

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companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西部矿业股份有限公司锡铁山分公司,青海 海西蒙古族藏族自治州 816203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322158430731743496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322158430756909321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, companyId=1322158430731743496, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Chagnsha, Hunan 410012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322158430765297930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, companyId=1322158430731743496, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322158430874349835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322158430882738444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, companyId=1322158430874349835, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.National Engineering Research Center for Metal Mining, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322158430891127053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, companyId=1322158430874349835, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.国家金属采矿工程技术研究中心,湖南 长沙 410012)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322158433768419633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Mining status of 2 402-2 522 meter east 03-011 line, figureFileSmall=BqxAULgSpxiDQ86aR0wV9A==, figureFileBig=a5QWVQeU/WMyzNnp2BPiFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322158433852305714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2 402~2 522 m 东部 03~011线开采现状, figureFileSmall=BqxAULgSpxiDQ86aR0wV9A==, figureFileBig=a5QWVQeU/WMyzNnp2BPiFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322158434074603827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=On-site measurements, figureFileSmall=iNg6N15F4+1P6mhPFpqHdg==, figureFileBig=eaONfHZDopmw5KsC58cf7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322158434154295604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=CN, label=图2, caption=现场测量结果, figureFileSmall=iNg6N15F4+1P6mhPFpqHdg==, figureFileBig=eaONfHZDopmw5KsC58cf7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322158434233987381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Modeling of mining area, figureFileSmall=w5o1Af0Yn/dGxM27efx5sg==, figureFileBig=i/gOh91lCMfSmvY1SQeFQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322158434313679158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=CN, label=图3, caption=矿区建模情况, figureFileSmall=w5o1Af0Yn/dGxM27efx5sg==, figureFileBig=i/gOh91lCMfSmvY1SQeFQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322158434410148151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Distribution of minimum principal stress in vertical profile of ore body during mining process, figureFileSmall=W9h5NUAHuWtXfLMwij34Mw==, figureFileBig=xc+f4LJHGpPOQiZSKThLcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322158434502422840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=CN, label=图4, caption=回采过程中矿体垂直剖面最小主应力分布情况, figureFileSmall=W9h5NUAHuWtXfLMwij34Mw==, figureFileBig=xc+f4LJHGpPOQiZSKThLcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322158434594697529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Distribution of principal stress, displacement and plastic zone of stope roof, figureFileSmall=g3HhcnAJvRNvqR0YI2W4VQ==, figureFileBig=PXHd2uu8o8228xqTeZLKqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322158434674389306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=CN, label=图5, caption=采场顶板主应力、位移与塑性区分布情况, figureFileSmall=g3HhcnAJvRNvqR0YI2W4VQ==, figureFileBig=PXHd2uu8o8228xqTeZLKqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322158434783441211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Distribution of minimum principal stress, displacement and plastic zone of stope roof, figureFileSmall=cr+uF0NfLCwZxe1CkcHuNA==, figureFileBig=gxsbBEnyLlE78t2Twcti1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322158434879910204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=CN, label=图6, caption= 采场顶板最小主应力、位移与塑性区分布情况, figureFileSmall=cr+uF0NfLCwZxe1CkcHuNA==, figureFileBig=gxsbBEnyLlE78t2Twcti1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322158434963796285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Support forms of anchor cable, figureFileSmall=EHzWXuUZUZUtxKgETKZ8EQ==, figureFileBig=YmEtqMeWjQ3qjSdA7gJrJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322158435039293758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=CN, label=图7, caption=锚索支护形式, figureFileSmall=EHzWXuUZUZUtxKgETKZ8EQ==, figureFileBig=YmEtqMeWjQ3qjSdA7gJrJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322158435114791231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Petrophysical and mechanical parameters of typical ore body and surrounding rock

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别块体密度/(g/cm3)抗拉强度/MPa单轴抗压强度/MPa泊松比内摩擦角/(°)黏聚力/MPa
大理岩(天然)2.7022.2531.160.24240.80~59.914.19~8.77
矿体(天然)3.9712.9444.040.29050.49~61.025.68~10.48
片岩(天然)3.3463.1675.950.21748.25~66.947.75~13.57
片岩(饱水)3.516—46.520.32460.786.06
), ArticleFig(id=1322158435194483008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

典型矿体、围岩的物理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别块体密度/(g/cm3)抗拉强度/MPa单轴抗压强度/MPa泊松比内摩擦角/(°)黏聚力/MPa
大理岩(天然)2.7022.2531.160.24240.80~59.914.19~8.77
矿体(天然)3.9712.9444.040.29050.49~61.025.68~10.48
片岩(天然)3.3463.1675.950.21748.25~66.947.75~13.57
片岩(饱水)3.516—46.520.32460.786.06
), ArticleFig(id=1322158435303534913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Survey results of typical structural plane

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
调查位置矿岩节理条数/条平均间距/(m/条)
2 416 m分段15005穿脉22(矿体)3.4
2 416 m分段15005-02穿脉20(矿体)3.4
2 416 m分段15005穿脉13(围岩)5.5
2 416 m分段15005-02穿脉5(围岩)5.5
), ArticleFig(id=1322158435395809602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

典型结构面调查结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
调查位置矿岩节理条数/条平均间距/(m/条)
2 416 m分段15005穿脉22(矿体)3.4
2 416 m分段15005-02穿脉20(矿体)3.4
2 416 m分段15005穿脉13(围岩)5.5
2 416 m分段15005-02穿脉5(围岩)5.5
), ArticleFig(id=1322158435500667203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Evaluation results of engineering geological rock mass quality

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别RQD值分级法RMR 分级法Q系统分级法GSI 分类法
级别评级级别评级级别评级GSI值评级
矿体Ⅲ较好Ⅲ中等Ⅲ中55好
围岩Ⅲ较好Ⅲ中等Ⅳ差46较好
), ArticleFig(id=1322158435609719108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

工程地质岩体质量评价结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别RQD值分级法RMR 分级法Q系统分级法GSI 分类法
级别评级级别评级级别评级GSI值评级
矿体Ⅲ较好Ⅲ中等Ⅲ中55好
围岩Ⅲ较好Ⅲ中等Ⅳ差46较好
), ArticleFig(id=1322158435701993797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Simulation calculation mechanical parameters of ore body and surrounding rock

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/MPa泊松比容重/(g/cm3)剪切模量/GPa黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)
矿体6.50.625 412.680.283.9722.481.5628.0
围岩5.40.545 287.530.213.3518.191.4827.6
), ArticleFig(id=1322158435790074182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

矿体、围岩的模拟计算力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/MPa泊松比容重/(g/cm3)剪切模量/GPa黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)
矿体6.50.625 412.680.283.9722.481.5628.0
围岩5.40.545 287.530.213.3518.191.4827.6
), ArticleFig(id=1322158435882348871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Mining situation of some stopes in the level of 2 402 m and 2 462 m in the mining area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采场编号分段/m回采结束时间分段/m回采结束时间采场编号分段/m回采结束时间分段/m回采结束时间
14001-1-12474.52021年8月2 485—15 0012 4162023年9月2 439—
14001-12 474.52019年3月2 4852022年3月15 0022 4162023年2月2 439—
14001-22 474.52021年11月2 485—15 0032 4162023年3月2 439—
14001-32474.52020年4月2 4852023年11月15001-12 4162022年5月2 439—
14003-12 474.52019年12月2 485—15001/15002-22 4162022年6月2 439—
14003-22 474.52023年6月2 485—15002-22 4162022年5月2 439—
14003-32 474.52019年12月2 4852020年6月15002-32 4162022年7月2 439—
14004-12 474.52022年5月2 4852023年3月15003-22 4162022年1月2 4392023年2月
14004-22 474.52020年3月2 4852020年12月15004-22 4162020年8月2 439—
14005-12 474.52019年3月2 485—150052 4162020年7月2 4392023年1月
14005-22 474.52019年1月2 4852019年10月15005-22 4162020年8月2 4392022年9月
14005-32 474.52019年3月2 485—15 0062 4162020年8月2 4392023年4月
14005-42 474.52019年5月2 4852019年11月15006-22 4162020年7月2 4392022年11月
14005-62 474.52020年4月2 485—15 0072 4162020年8月2 439—
14 0062 474.52019年4月2 485—15007-22 4162020年8月2 439—
14006-22 474.52020年2月2 4852020年7月15 0082 4162020年6月2 439—
14007-12 474.52023年6月2 485—15008-22 4162020年6月2 439—
14007-22 474.52019年10月2 4852020年7月15 0092 4162021年4月2 4392022年11月
14007-32 474.52019年1月2 485—15009-22 4162020年5月2 4392021年8月
), ArticleFig(id=1322158435991400776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

矿区2 402 m中段与2 462 m中段部分采场回采情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采场编号分段/m回采结束时间分段/m回采结束时间采场编号分段/m回采结束时间分段/m回采结束时间
14001-1-12474.52021年8月2 485—15 0012 4162023年9月2 439—
14001-12 474.52019年3月2 4852022年3月15 0022 4162023年2月2 439—
14001-22 474.52021年11月2 485—15 0032 4162023年3月2 439—
14001-32474.52020年4月2 4852023年11月15001-12 4162022年5月2 439—
14003-12 474.52019年12月2 485—15001/15002-22 4162022年6月2 439—
14003-22 474.52023年6月2 485—15002-22 4162022年5月2 439—
14003-32 474.52019年12月2 4852020年6月15002-32 4162022年7月2 439—
14004-12 474.52022年5月2 4852023年3月15003-22 4162022年1月2 4392023年2月
14004-22 474.52020年3月2 4852020年12月15004-22 4162020年8月2 439—
14005-12 474.52019年3月2 485—150052 4162020年7月2 4392023年1月
14005-22 474.52019年1月2 4852019年10月15005-22 4162020年8月2 4392022年9月
14005-32 474.52019年3月2 485—15 0062 4162020年8月2 4392023年4月
14005-42 474.52019年5月2 4852019年11月15006-22 4162020年7月2 4392022年11月
14005-62 474.52020年4月2 485—15 0072 4162020年8月2 439—
14 0062 474.52019年4月2 485—15007-22 4162020年8月2 439—
14006-22 474.52020年2月2 4852020年7月15 0082 4162020年6月2 439—
14007-12 474.52023年6月2 485—15008-22 4162020年6月2 439—
14007-22 474.52019年10月2 4852020年7月15 0092 4162021年4月2 4392022年11月
14007-32 474.52019年1月2 485—15009-22 4162020年5月2 4392021年8月
), ArticleFig(id=1322158436113035593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

The maximum principal stress range of each stope in the process of top pillar mining

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采场编号最大主应力范围/MPa采场编号最大主应力范围/MPa采场编号最大主应力范围/MPa采场编号最大主应力范围/MPa
15002-5.068 8~ -3.418 715004-2-5.177 0~ -3.265 515009-5.101 9~ -2.698 215010-2-5.100 4~ -2.211 0
15002-2-5.091 3~ -3.419 915004-3-5.062 5~ -2.283 315009-1-5.301 4~ -2.385 415010-3-5.099 3~ -2.672 2
15002-3-5.102 4~ -3.180 315005-5.103 5~ -3.421 515009-2-5.344 4~ -0.5282 315011-5.061 2~ -2.765 7
15003-5.107 5~ -3.440 515005-15.085 6~ -2.791 715009-3-5.098 7~ -1.082 215011-1-5.229 6~ -3.721 3
15003-1-5.151 7~ -3.889 015005-2-5.105 6~ -3.673 2150 010-5.097 5~0.614 46e15011-2-5.118 3~ -3.852 9
15003-2-5.085 6~ -2.791 715005-3-5.069 3~ -3.411 515010-1-5.098 5~ -1.286 515011-3-5.136 7~ -3.727 2
15 006-5.104 3~ -4.210 715007-2-5.064 6~ -4.142 9150012-5.151 7~ -3.889 0150 013-5.072 9~ -3.512 9
15006-1-5.119 0~ -4.175 815007-3-5.096 6~ -3.319 9150012-1-5.100 5~ -3.675 5150013-1-5.081 6~ -4.062 8
15006-2-5.069 0~ -4.121 615008-5.092 9~0.457 25e150012-2-5.138 7~ -3.703 1150013-2-5.083 5~ -4.587 0
15006-3-5.066 5~ -4.178 515008-1-5.060 8~ -2.859 8150012-3-5.094 6~ -3.345 4150014-2-5.065 1~ -4.777 7
150 07-5.069 8~ -3.960 215008-2-5.057 5~ -2.990 415007-1-5.097 6~ -3.676 715008-3-5.088 6~ -2.721 5
), ArticleFig(id=1322158436255641930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

顶柱回采过程中各采场最大主应力范围

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采场编号最大主应力范围/MPa采场编号最大主应力范围/MPa采场编号最大主应力范围/MPa采场编号最大主应力范围/MPa
15002-5.068 8~ -3.418 715004-2-5.177 0~ -3.265 515009-5.101 9~ -2.698 215010-2-5.100 4~ -2.211 0
15002-2-5.091 3~ -3.419 915004-3-5.062 5~ -2.283 315009-1-5.301 4~ -2.385 415010-3-5.099 3~ -2.672 2
15002-3-5.102 4~ -3.180 315005-5.103 5~ -3.421 515009-2-5.344 4~ -0.5282 315011-5.061 2~ -2.765 7
15003-5.107 5~ -3.440 515005-15.085 6~ -2.791 715009-3-5.098 7~ -1.082 215011-1-5.229 6~ -3.721 3
15003-1-5.151 7~ -3.889 015005-2-5.105 6~ -3.673 2150 010-5.097 5~0.614 46e15011-2-5.118 3~ -3.852 9
15003-2-5.085 6~ -2.791 715005-3-5.069 3~ -3.411 515010-1-5.098 5~ -1.286 515011-3-5.136 7~ -3.727 2
15 006-5.104 3~ -4.210 715007-2-5.064 6~ -4.142 9150012-5.151 7~ -3.889 0150 013-5.072 9~ -3.512 9
15006-1-5.119 0~ -4.175 815007-3-5.096 6~ -3.319 9150012-1-5.100 5~ -3.675 5150013-1-5.081 6~ -4.062 8
15006-2-5.069 0~ -4.121 615008-5.092 9~0.457 25e150012-2-5.138 7~ -3.703 1150013-2-5.083 5~ -4.587 0
15006-3-5.066 5~ -4.178 515008-1-5.060 8~ -2.859 8150012-3-5.094 6~ -3.345 4150014-2-5.065 1~ -4.777 7
150 07-5.069 8~ -3.960 215008-2-5.057 5~ -2.990 415007-1-5.097 6~ -3.676 715008-3-5.088 6~ -2.721 5
), ArticleFig(id=1322158436360499531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

The model calculates the stope mining project

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
计算步骤计算内容备注
12439-15004-2、2439-15006、2439-15006-2、2427.5-15007、2427.5-15007-2、2439-15008-2、2439-15009、2495.5-14005-2、2439-15010-2、2439-15011、2439-15011-2、2439-15012、2439-15013-2、2495.5-14004-1、2495.5-14009-4、2495.5-14005-4、2427.5-15002-2、2427.5-15003开挖充填
22439-15007、2439-15007-2、2474.5-14004-3、2439-15002-2、2439-15003开挖充填
32416-15004、2416-15004-3、2416-15005-1、2416-15005-3、2416-15013-1、2416-15012-3、2416-15012-1、2416-15011-3、2416-15011-1、2474.5-14001-1-2、2474.5-14001-1-2、2474.5-14001-1-4、2474.5-14003-2、2474.5-140012、2474.5-140010、2485-14004-3开挖充填
………………
112427.5-15006-3、2427.5-15007-3、2427.5-15008-3、2427.5-15009-3、2427.5-15010-3、2485-14006-4、2495.5-14007-2、2427.5-15014-2、2485-14009-6、2474.5-14008-3开挖计算
122439-15006-3、2439-15007-3、2439-15008-3、2439-15009-3、2439-15010-3、2495.5-14006-4、2439-15014-2、2495.5-14009-6、2485-14007-3、2485-14008-3开挖计算
132495.5-14007-3、2495.5-14008-3开挖计算
), ArticleFig(id=1322158436452774220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158425102987507, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

模型计算采场回采工程

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
计算步骤计算内容备注
12439-15004-2、2439-15006、2439-15006-2、2427.5-15007、2427.5-15007-2、2439-15008-2、2439-15009、2495.5-14005-2、2439-15010-2、2439-15011、2439-15011-2、2439-15012、2439-15013-2、2495.5-14004-1、2495.5-14009-4、2495.5-14005-4、2427.5-15002-2、2427.5-15003开挖充填
22439-15007、2439-15007-2、2474.5-14004-3、2439-15002-2、2439-15003开挖充填
32416-15004、2416-15004-3、2416-15005-1、2416-15005-3、2416-15013-1、2416-15012-3、2416-15012-1、2416-15011-3、2416-15011-1、2474.5-14001-1-2、2474.5-14001-1-2、2474.5-14001-1-4、2474.5-14003-2、2474.5-140012、2474.5-140010、2485-14004-3开挖充填
………………
112427.5-15006-3、2427.5-15007-3、2427.5-15008-3、2427.5-15009-3、2427.5-15010-3、2485-14006-4、2495.5-14007-2、2427.5-15014-2、2485-14009-6、2474.5-14008-3开挖计算
122439-15006-3、2439-15007-3、2439-15008-3、2439-15009-3、2439-15010-3、2495.5-14006-4、2439-15014-2、2495.5-14009-6、2485-14007-3、2485-14008-3开挖计算
132495.5-14007-3、2495.5-14008-3开挖计算
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锡铁山多中段回采变形行为及规律研究
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高天宇 1 , 张海云 2, 3 , 蔡泽山 1 , 李正明 1 , 张忠传 2, 3
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(7): 143-151
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (7) : 143 -151
锡铁山多中段回采变形行为及规律研究
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高天宇1 , 张海云2, 3 , 蔡泽山1, 李正明1, 张忠传2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.西部矿业股份有限公司锡铁山分公司,青海 海西蒙古族藏族自治州 816203
  • 2.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
  • 3.国家金属采矿工程技术研究中心,湖南 长沙 410012
通讯作者:
张海云(1992—),男,湖南怀化人,硕士,工程师,主要从事金属矿床开采技术研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

高天宇(1993—),男,辽宁葫芦岛人,工程师,主要从事高效采矿技术研究。E-mail:

Research on Deformation Behavior and Laws of Multi-Level Mining in Xitieshan Lead-Zinc Mine
Tianyu GAO1 , Haiyun ZHANG2, 3 , Zeshan CAI1, Zhengming LI1, Zhongchuan ZHANG2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.Xitieshan Branch of Western Mining Co., Ltd., Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai 816203, China
  • 2.Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Chagnsha, Hunan 410012, China
  • 3.National Engineering Research Center for Metal Mining, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25
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针对深部矿山多中段联合采动诱发动力灾害显现的问题,对多中段回采区域应力演化规律及围岩变形行为特征进行了研究,通过地质调查、理论分析、数值模拟等方法对锡铁山铅锌矿2 402~2 522 m东部03~011线多中段回采区域的稳定性进行了分析,对开采过程中的围岩及矿体变形破坏行为进行了论证。结果表明,锡铁山多中段回采区域变形破坏主要发生于个别矿体厚大采场以及区域回采中部位置。开采现状的中段顶柱位置最大沉降接近4 cm,暂无较大风险。后续开采2 462 m中段中,14003-3采场位移最大,沉降值超出6 cm,两侧多个采场位移约为5 cm,可能存在部分采场的垮冒。结合多中段回采变形破坏时空演化特征,针对开采过程中潜在的地压问题,对开采设计进行了回采规划优化。研究可为后续矿山区域内多中段安全高效开采提供理论支撑。

多中段回采  /  稳定性分析  /  变形破坏  /  锚索支护

Aiming at the problem of dynamic disaster induced by multi-level combined mining in deep mines, the stress evolution law and deformation behavior characteristics of surrounding rock in multi-level mining area were studied. By means of geological survey, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the stability of the multi-level mining area of 03-011 line in the eastern part of 2 402-2 522 meter of Xitieshan Lead-Zinc Mine was analyzed, and the deformation and failure behaviors of surrounding rock and ore body in the mining process was demonstrated. The results show that the deformation and failure of the multi-level mining area in this mine mainly occur in the thick and large stope of individual ore bodies and the middle part of the regional mining. The maximum settlement of the top pillar position in the level of the mining status is close to 4 cm, and there is no greater risk. In the subsequent mining of 2 462 m level, the displacement of 14003-3 stope is the largest, and the settlement value exceeds 6 cm. The displacement of multiple stopes on both sides is about 5 cm, and there may be some stope collapse. Combined with the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of deformation and failure in multi-level mining, aiming at the potential ground pressure in the mining process, the mining planning optimization has been carried out for the mining design, which can provide a theoretical support for the safe and efficient mining of multi-level in the subsequent mining area.

Multi-level mining  /  Stability analysis  /  Deformation and failure  /  Anchor cable support
高天宇, 张海云, 蔡泽山, 李正明, 张忠传. 锡铁山多中段回采变形行为及规律研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (7) : 143 -151 .
Tianyu GAO, Haiyun ZHANG, Zeshan CAI, Zhengming LI, Zhongchuan ZHANG. Research on Deformation Behavior and Laws of Multi-Level Mining in Xitieshan Lead-Zinc Mine[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (7) : 143 -151 .
随着近几十年来我国矿产资源开采强度的增加,浅部优质资源消耗殆尽以及逐年对产能需求的提升,开采模式已发生了巨大改变[1-3]。当前,多中段回采是一种高效经济的开采模式,合理的多中段联合回采方式不仅能够有效降低矿山管理难度,而且对扩大生产规模,降低采矿成本意义重大[4-5]。然而,上下中段联合回采过程中,多中段联合开采扰动叠加、地压控制难度大、潜在破坏失稳风险提升限制了该模式的推广[6-9]。
针对多中段开采下出现的一系列变形扰动问题,专家学者开展了大量的研究工作。侯国权等[10]提出并验证了双中段区域整体崩落回采顶底柱和间柱的残矿回采方案是切实可行的,从而降低了矿体的损失率。黄德镛等[11]从14种多中段回采方案中择优选择了“中段间采取自下而上-中段内采取隔一采一-由中间向两翼回采”的回采方案,最大限度地保障了多中段回采安全。孙万明[12]验证了深部多中段充填开采可较大程度地减小围岩变形且不会影响地表塌陷区的稳定性,为多中段充填开采提供了宝贵的借鉴价值。胡亚桥等[13]根据风险等级选择了不同的综合治理方案,解决了多中段复杂采空区治理难题,提高了后续残留矿柱回采的安全性。孟庆彬等[14]研究发现各中段联合开采扰动下,残留矿柱削减了相邻中段间的开采扰动,减弱了上覆岩层的变形破坏,对维持采场围岩的稳定性有一定的积极作用。盛佳等[15]采用回采嗣后崩落法进行现场工业试验,实现了下缓倾斜厚大矿体在多中段群空区下的高效开采,为类似多中段群矿山提供了有力的技术支撑。郁标等[16]研究了井下3个中段协同开采巷道变形破坏特征,表明协同开采扰动、矿岩原始状态及地应力是3个中段协同开采巷道变形破坏的主要原因。可见,由于矿山地下的复杂性、独特性及不确定性,多中段联合开采的围岩控制理论仍不清晰,巷道控制方案仍需完善[17-18]。
金属矿山在多中段联合开采时,各中段的采动交互影响作用逐渐显现,采动引起的叠加扰动也随之逐渐剧烈,各中段的变形破坏愈加严重[19-20]。因此,本文以锡铁山典型铅锌矿为例,针对深部矿山多中段回采诱发动力灾害显现这一问题,研究多中段回采围岩变形破坏特征,通过地质调查、数值计算、理论分析及工程实践等方法,对锡铁山多中段回采过程中应力演化规律、围岩运移情况及联动塑性破坏特征进行分析,从而总结多中段开采区域的变形行为诱因,并提出相应的控制方案,以期为多中段联合开采围岩控制及灾害防治提供一定的参考。
锡铁山铅锌矿2 402~2 522 m东部03~011线区域分为2 402 m和2 462 m两个中段,60 m一个中段,2 402~2 416 m为2 402 m中段底柱,2 450~2 462 m为2 402 m中段顶柱;2 462~2 474 m为2 462 m中段底柱,2 506~2 522 m为2 462 m中段顶柱。
该区域采用两个中段同时回采,中段内矿房采用两步骤小分段空场充填采矿法,一步骤回采结束后待充填体达到养护强度后进行二步骤矿房回采。当前区域内主要回采一步骤采场,实际生产过程中出现局部采场顶板及侧帮的破坏现象,对矿区正常生产造成了一定影响。
同时由于上下中段联合回采方式下应力叠加导致的应力高度集中与能量释放规律不明,顶底柱潜在断裂破坏风险时刻影响矿山生产,因此亟需对矿山多中段回采过程进行应力–应变分布演化规律进行研究,论证区域多中段开采稳定性,对后续采场的回采进行合理规划,保障矿山回采的安全性。
采集锡铁山铅锌矿2 402~2 522 m东部03~011线区域内典型矿体、上下盘围岩岩样,试验在长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司岩石力学实验室完成,具体试验结果见表1。
采用详细线观测法对锡铁山铅锌矿2 402~2 522 m东部03~011线区域内典型结构面的发育情况进行详细调查,调查结果见表2。
现场测量结果如图2所示。根据现场调查结果可知,东区矿体优势结构面有三组,第一组165°∠ 85°,第二组228°∠51°,第三组18°∠84°;东区围岩优势结构面有两组,第一组223°∠67°;第二组265°∠87°。
岩石物理力学参数可作为判别岩性力学类别的量化依据,而岩体参数需通过多因素耦合分析确定。单纯以岩石强度数值评判岩体质量参数更为符合岩土工程环境,参数的优劣直接关系地下工程的稳定性。运用RQD值分级法、RMR分级法、Q系统分级法与GSI分类法对区域工程岩体进行分级。综合评价锡铁山东部矿区岩体属中等质量,需在实际生产过程中视工程揭露情况进行加固强化处理。
为研究区内多中段回采规律,忽略其他因素的影响,对模拟对象进行简化与假设,主要包括忽略地下工程如巷道、溜井对采场稳定性影响,简化应力场影响因素构成,仅考虑矿岩体自重作用,忽略构造应力、地震波、爆破瞬时振动等因素影响。
根据矿区矿体地质平面图构建矿体模型,结合上下盘围岩情况构建模型,如图3所示。具体过程为绘制锡铁山铅锌矿2 402~2 522 m东部03~011线区域矿体分布纵投影图、中(分)段平面图,删除多余线段,并对奇点、尖锐点进行圆滑处理,闭合构建矿体三维模型。根据矿山实际回采参数切分三维模型,划分计算采场结构。围岩根据上下盘情况由矿体向外扩展形成3~5倍范围的围岩。整体模型X方向长804 m, Y方向长470 m, Z方向长300 m,模型单元总数约为77.9万个,节点总数约为13.7万个。
模型除上表面为自由面外,其余表面均采用固定位移约束,忽略区域构造应力,只考虑重力作用。同时由于是截取区段进行模拟分析,上表面根据区域平均赋存深度700 m,即上覆岩层产生的均布载荷数值为22.9 MPa。
基于霍克–布朗破坏准则,结合地质调查结果,对矿体围岩力学参数进行折减,得出模拟计算力学参数,见表4。
不同开采顺序导致的区域内围岩应力重分布及围岩变形破坏分布情况差异巨大,因此多中段回采稳定性的分析工作需结合矿体原中段回采具体情况,具体分析回采过程中应力–应变分布情况及演化规律,进而探索下步回采过程中区域范围内的岩体变形破坏行为。表5为2019—2023年2 462 m中段和2 402 m中段的矿房回采情况统计,根据历年回采情况,合理规划回采步骤,使得回采过程更为贴合实际。回采过程中矿体垂直剖面最小主应力分布情况如图5所示。
顶柱回采过程中最小主应力、最大主应力、位移和塑性区分布见图5和表6。
(1)最小主应力分析:受岩体开挖影响,采场的顶板、底板以及侧帮形成开挖临空面,失去矿岩支撑,进而在应力作用下往采空区内部方向发生拉伸变形。由于矿岩稳固性较好,拉应力主要分布在采场采空区周围矿岩内,当采空区靠近顶柱附近或已开采并充填后,顶柱才会出现拉应力,其他时间顶柱主要呈现压应力状态。从数值上来看,整个历史回采过程中,采空区底板拉应力极值为0.36 MPa,小于矿体的张拉屈服强度,但由于云图无法将所有采场矿岩的最小主应力充分展现,单纯从图上拉应力分布规律来看,采场开采后,采场临空位置的矿岩可能存在拉伸破坏,需补充监测点数据进一步分析。
(2)最大主应力分析:受采场回采影响,原岩应力二次分布,采空区顶底板区域岩体应力有一定程度释放,二步骤位置则相对出现了不同程度的应力集中现象,应力集中程度因采空区体积、所处中段位置、距离矿脉中部远近以及二步骤采场自身尺寸而存在差异,这部分区域容易发生剪切破坏。顶柱区域的压应力值在2~4 MPa之间,部分区域由于矿体形态尖锐,如采场顶底板与两帮相交位置,出现了应力集中现象,最大压应力值达到27.8 MPa,因而局部区域容易因应力超出强度极限而被破坏。
(3)位移分析:采场开挖后,其周边岩体向采空区内部产生变形,因采空区体积、所处中段位置等不同,不同采空区的顶底板沉降或底鼓位移也有所差异,整体表现为采空区体积越大、越靠近矿脉中部,采空区顶柱对应的垂直变形量越大,其中2 462 m中段顶柱主要表现为沉降,2 402 m中段顶柱主要表现为向上隆起。由采空区的顶柱位移分析可知,2 462 m中段顶柱沉降最大部分主要分布在14003-3、14003-2和14003-1等采场附近,其中14003-3采场顶柱位置沉降接近4 cm,在未来开采过程中,可能有增大趋势;2 402 m中段15004-2、15004-3等采场顶柱附近主要表现为向上隆起,最大隆起值约为3 cm。根据容许极限位移量判据可知,采场顶板的最大下沉或隆起量为5~10 cm,岩体存在潜在稳定性问题,可知开采至今,两中段顶柱暂时未出现较大风险。
顶底柱回采后,采场顶板中心监测点的最小主应力由初始平衡状态下的负值逐渐转变为正值,即实现了由压应力向拉应力的转变。从监测点的最大主应力数值大小来看,除150010、140011、140011-2、140013采场顶柱位置的拉应力值整体较大,最大拉应力值接近矿体的极限抗拉强度0.62 MPa,采场顶柱位置可能发生拉伸破坏,其他大多数采场未回采至最上分段靠近顶柱位置,因此应力主要以压应力为主,拉伸破坏的区域范围需结合塑性区部分进行分析。
(4)塑性区分析:整个历史回采过程中,处于当前状态下的塑性破坏类型主要为剪切破坏,主要分布在采场的二步骤采空区周围(一步骤充填体内),结合前文应力分析可知,这部分区域应力集中现象显著,最大剪切应力超过充填体的抗剪强度,进而导致二步骤采场发生剪切破坏,顶柱位置出现塑性区的范围基本在1 m以内,未出现塑性区大面积贯通的现象。
根据开采现状分析可知,当前锡铁山2 402~2 522 m东部03~011线区域多中段回采过程中,局部区域会出现一定破坏,但并不会出现范围性矿柱破坏。后续矿体还存在一定矿量并未开采,结合矿区未来整体回采计划,进行回采步骤编录,进行回采模拟,详见表7。
(1)主应力分析:研究区域内采空区底板拉应力极值为0.45 MPa,采场临空位置的矿岩可能存在拉伸破坏。
(2)位移分析:2 462 m、2 402 m中段顶柱主要表现为向下沉降,沉降最大部分主要分布在03~04线14003-3采场附近,沉降值接近5 cm,存在顶板局部垮塌的可能;2 402 m中段顶柱由原先的向上隆起转变为向下沉降,但沉降值相对偏小,主要在2~3 cm范围内。
(3)中段分析:以“14”开头的采场顶柱,即2 462 m中段采场顶柱主要以向下沉降为主,相对于历史回采过程分析沉降更明显,“15”开头的采场顶柱,即2 402 m中段采场顶柱由向上隆起转变为向下沉降,位移值主要分布在3 cm范围以内。从监测点的位移数值大小来看,2 462 m中段14003-3采场位移最大,沉降值超出5 cm,两侧14001-1-2、14004-1、14003-2、14001-1-3、14001-1-2、14004-3、14005-1、14005-2等采场位移接近5 cm,可能存在部分采场的垮冒。
(4)塑性区分析:06~010线二步骤采场或一步骤充填体发生剪切破坏。研究区域内采场顶柱位置的塑性区范围较小,且上下中段间塑性区未贯通,顶柱整体较稳定。
综上所述,2 402 m中段需关注06~010线矿体的二步骤采场,该部分采场一步骤充填体容易发生剪切破坏,导致采空区上部的顶柱产生剪切变形;2 462 m中段主要需关注03~04线的采场,该处采场位移较大。
采场顶板最小主应力、位移与塑性区分布情况如图6所示。
根据对锡铁山多中段回采变形行为及规律研究,确定两个中段重点变形破坏潜在区域,并事先制定对应措施防止后期出现大的地压活动现象。
(1)2 402 m中段的剪切破坏区域面积远大于2 462 m中段,主要分布在15006-2、15007、15007-2、15008、15008-2、15009、15009-2等充填体内,且与采空区贯通,15006-3、15007-1、15007-3、15008-1、15008-3、15009-1紧靠以上充填体,其顶柱需要防止发生剪切破坏。但是从整体破坏区域来看,上下中段间矿柱未发生塑性区贯通现象,顶板冒落仅为小部分区域,对顶底柱的整体稳定性影响有限,当顶板围岩较破碎时,可视情况可在采场顶部增加锚索等支护,如图7所示,锚索排距为5 000 mm、孔底距为2 400~2 700 mm。
(2)2 462 m中段14003-2采场位移最大,沉降值超出6 cm,两侧14001-1-4、14003-1、14003-3、14004-1、14004-3、14005-1、14005-2、14005-3等采场位移在超出或接近5 cm范围,岩体存在潜在稳定性问题,但顶板塑性区依然较小,可能存在小范围冒落,对整体稳定性影响较小,当顶板围岩较破碎时,可视情况可在采场顶部增加锚索等支护。
(1)通过室内试验、现场工程地质调查及岩体质量评价确定了矿山基本数据,确定了锡铁山东部矿区岩体质量属中等质量,局部区域需视现场情况进行加固强化处理。
(2)构建了矿区多中段开采数值分析模型,结合矿区开采历史过程及现状,对矿山开采过程中应力、位移及塑性区分布规律进行了研究。分析表明,2 402 m中段15004-2、15004-3等采场顶柱附近最大隆起值约3 cm, 2 462 m中段14003-3采场顶柱位置沉降接近4 cm,均未达到5~10 cm的极限位移值。多中段回采过程中,采场局部因应力超出强度极限而破坏,需在回采过程中增加采场顶部锚索进行维护。
(3)整个回采过程中,采空区底板拉应力极值为0.45 MPa,小于矿体的张拉屈服强度,上下中段间矿柱未发生大的塑性区贯通现象,主要表现为小区域贯穿,对顶底柱的整体稳定性影响有限,根据变形破坏特征,2 462 m中段14003-3采场位移最大,沉降值超出6 cm,两侧14001-1-2、14004-1、14003-2、14001-1-3、14001-1-2、14004-3、14005-1、14005-2等采场位移约5 cm,可能存在部分采场的垮冒。因此,预先分不同区域进行支护加固处理,能够有效控制围岩变形,确保后续开采过程的安全稳定。

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2025年第45卷第7期
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  • 接收时间:2024-07-31
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
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    1.西部矿业股份有限公司锡铁山分公司,青海 海西蒙古族藏族自治州 816203
    2.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
    3.国家金属采矿工程技术研究中心,湖南 长沙 410012

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张海云(1992—),男,湖南怀化人,硕士,工程师,主要从事金属矿床开采技术研究。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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