Article(id=1322158359831236723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322158299525530318, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737388800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793156717498, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793156717498, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793156717498, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793156717498, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322158299525530318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='280', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1753372800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793156703120, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158832445, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322167230608028625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322158299525530318, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322167230608028626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322158299525530318, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=43, endPage=50, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322158360150003828, articleId=1322158359831236723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Instability Characteristics of Open-Pit Bottom Pillar Structure System Based on the Gravity Increase Method, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The open stope mining with subsequent filling method is adopted in the open-pit to underground mining in Sijiaying Iron Mine, and horizontal isolation pillars are required to realize the isolation of open-pit and underground mining system to ensure the safety of underground mining. In order to improve the overall stability of the mining area, based on the gravity increase method, the effects of gravity acceleration on the distribution of stress field, displacement field and plastic zone of the open-pit bottom pillar structure system were studied when the thickness of open-pit bottom boundary pillar was 45 m and the width of panel pillar was 20 m. The results show that under the initial gravity acceleration, the pillar structure system is basically in a stable state, and with the increase of the gravity acceleration, the stress concentration phenomenon of the pillar structure system continues to increase. When the gravity acceleration increases to 2 times of the initial one, the maximum principal stress reaches 56.98 MPa. The distribution range of tensile stress also expands with the increase of gravity acceleration, and the value of tensile stress finally reaches the tensile strength of rock mass. Under the initial gravity acceleration, the maximum displacement of the pillar structure system is 259 mm and the distribution range is very small and the pillar system is in a stable state. However, the displacement increases exponentially with the gravity acceleration. The pit bottom boundary pillar and panel pillar within the range of N22 to N26 exploration lines in the mining area are high-risk areas prone to instability, which is likely to cause multiple pillar chain instability and failure. It is suggested that in the process of design and mining, measures should be taken to improve the bearing capacity of the panel pillars and the filling quality of the goaf in the range of N22 to N26 exploration lines, so as to ensure the safety and reliability of the open-pit to underground mining of Sijiaying Iron Mine.

, authors=Sheng LI1, 2, Hui RONG1, Jie ZHANG3, Qiangying MA4, Zengxiang LU4, Jiaoqun LI4, authorsList=Sheng LI, Hui RONG, Jie ZHANG, Qiangying MA, Zengxiang LU, Jiaoqun LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zengxiang LU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322158363023102083, articleId=1322158359831236723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=基于重度增加法的露天坑底矿柱系统失稳特征, columnId=1226462294490657775, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=采矿与矿山充填, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

司家营铁矿露天转地下开采工程采用空场嗣后充填采矿法,需留设水平隔离矿柱以实现露天与地下开采系统的隔离,从而确保地下开采的安全。为提高矿区开采的整体稳定性,基于重度增加法,研究了露天坑底境界矿柱厚度为45 m和盘区间柱宽度为20 m时,重力加速度对露天坑底矿柱结构系统的应力场、位移场和塑性区分布的影响。研究结果表明:(1) 初始重力加速度下,矿柱结构系统基本处于稳定状态,随着重力加速度的增加,矿柱结构系统应力集中现象不断增强,当重力加速度增大到初始重力加速度的2倍时,最大主应力达到了56.98 MPa,拉应力分布范围也随着重力加速度的增加逐渐扩大,最终拉应力会达到岩体的抗拉强度;(2) 初始重力加速度下,矿柱结构系统的最大位移量为259 mm且分布范围较小,处于稳定状态,随着重力加速度的增大,位移量呈指数型增长态势;(3) 矿区N22~N26勘探线范围的坑底境界矿柱与盘区间柱是易发生失稳的高风险区域,很可能引发多矿柱连锁失稳破坏问题;(4) 在矿山设计与开采过程中应采取增大盘区间柱承载能力和提高N22~N26勘探线范围内采空区充填质量等措施,以确保司家营铁矿露天转地下开采安全可靠。

, authors=李胜1, 2, 荣辉1, 张杰3, 马强英4, 路增祥4, 李角群4, authorsList=李胜, 荣辉, 张杰, 马强英, 路增祥, 李角群, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=路增祥, authorNote=

李胜(1983—),男,河北唐山人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事金属矿床开采方面的技术与管理工作。E-mail:

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路增祥(1965—),男,陕西富平人,博士,教授,主要从事金属矿床地下开采方面的教学与研究。E-mail:
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李胜(1983—),男,河北唐山人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事金属矿床开采方面的技术与管理工作。E-mail:

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Mechanical parameters of rock mass

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩层抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)弹性模量/GPa泊松比
围岩622.16.034.423.50.25
矿体562.06.446.635.40.24
), ArticleFig(id=1322158369058705606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158359831236723, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

岩体力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩层抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)弹性模量/GPa泊松比
围岩622.16.034.423.50.25
矿体562.06.446.635.40.24
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基于重度增加法的露天坑底矿柱系统失稳特征
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李胜 1, 2 , 荣辉 1 , 张杰 3 , 马强英 4 , 路增祥 4 , 李角群 4
矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025,45(7): 43-50
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矿业研究与开发 |采矿与矿山充填 2025 , 45 (7) : 43 -50
基于重度增加法的露天坑底矿柱系统失稳特征
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李胜(1983—),男,河北唐山人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事金属矿床开采方面的技术与管理工作。E-mail:

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李胜(1983—),男,河北唐山人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事金属矿床开采方面的技术与管理工作。E-mail:

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李胜1, 2 , 荣辉1, 张杰3, 马强英4, 路增祥4 , 李角群4
作者信息
  • 1.河北钢铁集团矿业有限公司,河北 唐山市 063009
  • 2.东北大学 资源与土木工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110819
  • 3.中国恩菲工程技术有限公司,北京 100038
  • 4.辽宁科技大学 矿业工程学院,辽宁 鞍山市 114051
通讯作者:
路增祥(1965—),男,陕西富平人,博士,教授,主要从事金属矿床地下开采方面的教学与研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

李胜(1983—),男,河北唐山人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事金属矿床开采方面的技术与管理工作。E-mail:

Instability Characteristics of Open-Pit Bottom Pillar Structure System Based on the Gravity Increase Method
Sheng LI1, 2 , Hui RONG1, Jie ZHANG3, Qiangying MA4, Zengxiang LU4 , Jiaoqun LI4
Affiliations
  • 1.Hebei Iron and Steel Group Mining Co., Ltd., Tangshan, Hebei 063009, China
  • 2.School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University,Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China
  • 3.China ENFI Engineering Corporation, Beijing, 100038, China
  • 4.School of Mining Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, Liaoning 114051, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25
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司家营铁矿露天转地下开采工程采用空场嗣后充填采矿法,需留设水平隔离矿柱以实现露天与地下开采系统的隔离,从而确保地下开采的安全。为提高矿区开采的整体稳定性,基于重度增加法,研究了露天坑底境界矿柱厚度为45 m和盘区间柱宽度为20 m时,重力加速度对露天坑底矿柱结构系统的应力场、位移场和塑性区分布的影响。研究结果表明:(1) 初始重力加速度下,矿柱结构系统基本处于稳定状态,随着重力加速度的增加,矿柱结构系统应力集中现象不断增强,当重力加速度增大到初始重力加速度的2倍时,最大主应力达到了56.98 MPa,拉应力分布范围也随着重力加速度的增加逐渐扩大,最终拉应力会达到岩体的抗拉强度;(2) 初始重力加速度下,矿柱结构系统的最大位移量为259 mm且分布范围较小,处于稳定状态,随着重力加速度的增大,位移量呈指数型增长态势;(3) 矿区N22~N26勘探线范围的坑底境界矿柱与盘区间柱是易发生失稳的高风险区域,很可能引发多矿柱连锁失稳破坏问题;(4) 在矿山设计与开采过程中应采取增大盘区间柱承载能力和提高N22~N26勘探线范围内采空区充填质量等措施,以确保司家营铁矿露天转地下开采安全可靠。

露天转地下开采  /  坑底境界矿柱  /  矿柱结构系统  /  重度增加法  /  失稳特征

The open stope mining with subsequent filling method is adopted in the open-pit to underground mining in Sijiaying Iron Mine, and horizontal isolation pillars are required to realize the isolation of open-pit and underground mining system to ensure the safety of underground mining. In order to improve the overall stability of the mining area, based on the gravity increase method, the effects of gravity acceleration on the distribution of stress field, displacement field and plastic zone of the open-pit bottom pillar structure system were studied when the thickness of open-pit bottom boundary pillar was 45 m and the width of panel pillar was 20 m. The results show that under the initial gravity acceleration, the pillar structure system is basically in a stable state, and with the increase of the gravity acceleration, the stress concentration phenomenon of the pillar structure system continues to increase. When the gravity acceleration increases to 2 times of the initial one, the maximum principal stress reaches 56.98 MPa. The distribution range of tensile stress also expands with the increase of gravity acceleration, and the value of tensile stress finally reaches the tensile strength of rock mass. Under the initial gravity acceleration, the maximum displacement of the pillar structure system is 259 mm and the distribution range is very small and the pillar system is in a stable state. However, the displacement increases exponentially with the gravity acceleration. The pit bottom boundary pillar and panel pillar within the range of N22 to N26 exploration lines in the mining area are high-risk areas prone to instability, which is likely to cause multiple pillar chain instability and failure. It is suggested that in the process of design and mining, measures should be taken to improve the bearing capacity of the panel pillars and the filling quality of the goaf in the range of N22 to N26 exploration lines, so as to ensure the safety and reliability of the open-pit to underground mining of Sijiaying Iron Mine.

Open-pit to underground mining  /  Bottom boundary pillar  /  Pillar structure system  /  Gravity increase method  /  Instability characteristic
李胜, 荣辉, 张杰, 马强英, 路增祥, 李角群. 基于重度增加法的露天坑底矿柱系统失稳特征. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (7) : 43 -50 .
Sheng LI, Hui RONG, Jie ZHANG, Qiangying MA, Zengxiang LU, Jiaoqun LI. Instability Characteristics of Open-Pit Bottom Pillar Structure System Based on the Gravity Increase Method[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (7) : 43 -50 .
金属矿露天转地下开采过程中,若采用具有空场法特征的地下采矿方法,需留设一定厚度的露天境界矿柱来保障矿山生产安全[1]。若境界矿柱留设厚度过小,不能起到“隔离”两个开采系统的作用,可能导致地下采空区大面积冒落、岩移,造成严重的人员伤亡和财产损失[2];留设厚度过大,则会造成资源浪费。因此,研究境界矿柱的安全厚度,并确保其稳定性,对金属矿露天转地下开采的安全生产具有重要意义。
目前,关于露天转地下开采境界矿柱的研究,大多聚集于境界矿柱的留设厚度确定及其稳定性分析方面[3-4],并形成了K.B.鲁别涅依塔公式、普氏拱理论、平板梁理论为代表的理论计算方法,以及经验类比法和数值模拟法等,为境界矿柱安全厚度的确定与稳定性研究提供了多角度的理论支撑。徐帅等[5]采用多方法联合分析归来庄金矿露天转地下境界矿柱的最优厚度。刘恒亮等[6]采用理论方法与ANSYS数值模拟方法相结合,研究了新桥矿露天转地下开采境界矿柱的安全厚度。操永胜[7]研究了露天转地下过渡期,露天开采爆破对境界矿柱稳定性的影响。仪海豹等[8]采用数值模拟方法,研究了金川龙首矿高应力坑底隔离矿柱的失稳破坏模式,得到了该矿坑底隔离矿柱的变形破坏呈渐进式破坏模式,不会产生突变性灾害的结论。王文军等[9]研究了采空区下方隔离矿柱的承载机制,确定了某铅锌矿预留隔离矿柱的安全厚度为25 m。程纬华[10]基于厚板理论研究了多应力场作用下,露天与地下联合开采隔离矿柱的受力与稳定性问题。董凯程等[11]采用数值模拟方法,研究了地下大直径深孔阶段空场嗣后充填法开采扰动下,上部隔离矿柱的稳定性问题。
境界矿柱的合理留设是关系到露天转地下开采矿山安全生产的重要问题,现有研究多聚焦于露天坑底境界矿柱在不同受力状态下的承载机制、稳定状态和破坏模式,所取得的成果对矿山生产实践具有指导作用。然而,当露天转地下开采的矿山采用具有空场法特征的采矿方法时,地下开采系统形成的各种纵向矿柱(如盘区间柱、采场间柱等),与露天坑底的水平境界矿柱相连,形成了一种复杂的矿柱结构系统,针对这类矿柱结构系统方面的相关研究鲜见报道。近年来,基于增加重度使岩土工程达到临界状态的重度增加法[12-13]在国内外岩土工程中有了较多的应用[14-15],并在实践过程中不断地得到了改进完善[16-17]。因此,本文拟采用数值模拟方法,以司家营铁矿区露天转地下开采工程为背景,针对该矿地下开采盘区矿柱与露天坑底境界矿柱组成的矿柱结构系统,采用重度增加法分析其稳定性,以期为矿山的设计与安全生产提供依据。
司家营铁矿是河北钢铁集团矿业有限公司的重点铁矿山,矿区西邻平青乐公路,东侧有滦河流经。经过十余年的露天开采,司家营铁矿已进入深凹露天矿开采阶段,亟需转入地下开采。
鉴于司家营铁矿区露天开采不具备平面扩界的条件,必须确保地下开采引起的地表沉降不会对平青乐公路及滦河产生影响。为确保地表建(构)筑物不受破坏,司家营铁矿区露天转地下开采可行性研究设计中,根据矿体的赋存特征,对极厚大矿体推荐采用阶段空场嗣后充填采矿法,对厚及中厚矿体推荐采用分段空场嗣后充填采矿法。
两种采矿方法均以盘区为回采单元,盘区垂直矿体走向布置,长120 m,高60 m,宽度为矿体厚度。盘区内一步骤采场和二步骤采场垂直矿体走向间隔布置,矿块宽20 m,长50 m,高60 m。回采时,一步骤回采按“隔一采一”、二步骤回采按“隔三采一”的顺序进行。
重度增加法的基本原理[18]是保持岩土体的抗剪强度、黏聚力以及内摩擦角等力学指标为常数,通过逐渐增大重力加速度,也即相当于增大岩体自重的方法,直到工程岩体达到极限平衡状态,使岩体在自重力的作用下产生滑动破坏的趋势。此时,工程岩体在极限平衡状态时的重力加速度glimit与实际重力加速度g的比值称为该工程的安全系数,计算见式(1)。
式中,FS为安全系数。
(1)数值模型。
根据司家营铁矿的矿体和地表模型以及可行性研究推荐的开采方案,采用犀牛和FLAC3D软件联合建模方式构建矿体开采模型,主要包括露天坑、矿体、境界矿柱、采场、充填体等。
模型边界取至采动影响范围以外的位置,确定模型范围X方向(矿体倾向)长3 153 m, Y方向(矿体走向)宽5 100 m, Z方向(重力方向)为-1 250 m至地表。模型划分单元网格1 596 496个、节点1 758 874个,建立的矿山三维模型如图1所示。
(2)模拟方案。
从采空区暴露面积和岩体结构特征两方面分析影响境界矿柱稳定性的主控因素,通过重度增加法研究境界矿柱潜在的失稳模式及其失稳后对边坡和地下采场的影响。
根据可行性研究推荐的开采方案和前期司家营露天转地下开采研究成果,确定露天坑底境界矿柱的留设厚度为45 m,分布在露天坑的北侧,处于矿山N18~N32勘探线之间;盘区间柱宽度为20 m。
通过模拟试算,最终确定重力加速度值分别为1.0g、1.1g、1.2g、1.5g、1.8g、2.0g。
(3)参数确定。
参考矿区已有研究成果,并通过强度折减方法计算岩体力学参数,见表1。
司家营铁矿露天坑底境界矿柱与纵向留设的盘区间柱,共同组成了复杂的露天坑底矿柱结构系统。该矿柱系统在盘区采场的开采和充填过程中应力状态复杂多变,每一次采动都会引起矿柱应力重分布,并产生围岩体的损伤。
开采完成后,露天坑底矿柱结构系统在不同的重力加速度下的最大主应力分布特征如图2所示。
分析图2可知,开采过程中坑底境界矿柱的下表面出现较小的拉应力,主要分布在盘区采场的顶板以及靠近露天坑东侧边坡的坑底境界矿柱上表面,其范围在N22~N24勘探线之间,为矿体最厚大区域。
在初始重力加速度条件下(1.0g),矿柱主要系统内最大主应力值约为41.15 MPa,盘区间柱结构承受压应力,其值约为10~25 MPa。此时,坑底境界矿柱和盘区间柱处于稳定状态。
当重力加速度增大到1.2g时,在坑底境界矿柱和盘区间柱交汇的角部,以及盘区间柱和采场交汇的位置出现了较大的集中应力,最大的应力值约为48.38 MPa。
当重力加速度增大到1.5g时,在坑底境界矿柱和盘区间柱交汇的角部,以及盘区间柱和采场交汇位置,应力集中现象继续突显,坑底境界矿柱内最大主应力值约为52.15 MPa,盘区间柱承受的压应力值为10~30 MPa。
当重力加速度增大到2.0g时,应力集中现象愈发严重,坑底境界矿柱内最大主应力值达到了56.98 MPa。
不同重力加速度下,矿柱结构系统的最小主应力分布特征如图3所示。
分析图3中露天坑底境界矿柱和间柱的最小主应力分布情况可以发现:露天坑底境界矿柱内的拉应力分布范围随重力加速度的增大而逐渐扩大,境界矿柱上表面拉应力最大值约为2 MPa,达到了岩体的抗拉强度,分布区域由露天边坡东侧向西侧发展;盘区间柱内的拉应力分布范围和应力值随重力加速度的增大也呈增大趋势,尤其是在N22~N26勘探线范围内。当某一个盘区矿柱发生失稳破坏时,其产生的应力转移行为很可能引起矿柱失稳的“多米诺效应”[19-20],形成多矿柱复合型失稳破坏特征[21],导致露天坑底境界矿柱发生大面积破坏与冒落。同时,随着地下开采深度的增加,多矿柱的连锁失稳破坏现象愈发明显。
露天坑围岩失稳破坏往往伴随着大变形的发生,因此,分析了不同重力加速度条件下露天坑底矿柱结构系统的位移变化情况,如图4所示。
由图4可知,在初始重力加速度下,矿柱结构系统内围岩的最大位移量为259 mm,分布在坑底境界矿柱西侧与N24勘探线附近盘区间柱的交汇位置,但分布范围较小,矿柱结构系统处于稳定状态;当重力加速度增大到1.2g,矿柱系统处于轻微变形状态;随着重力加速度增大到1.5g,矿柱结构系统的最大位移增加到850 mm,其分布范围沿盘区间柱方向向西发展,矿柱处于严重变形状态;当重力加速度增大到2.0g,矿柱系统的最大位移达到了2 065 mm,在N22~N26勘探线范围的盘区间柱发生极大变形,坑底境界矿柱处于失稳破坏状态。
根据矿柱系统的位移变化特征,可以确定N22~N26勘探线范围为司家营铁矿露天转地下开采过程中易发生失稳的高风险区域,此区域的露天坑底境界矿柱与盘区间柱最易发生失稳破坏。
为便于直观分析露天坑底境界矿柱的位移变化特征,从图4中读取了不同重力加速度条件下坑底境界矿柱的最大位移量,并据此绘制了位移变化曲线,如图5所示。
从图5可以看出,随着重力加速度的增大,坑底境界矿柱的最大位移量呈指数型增长趋势,重力加速度的增幅越大,境界矿柱的位移量增幅越大,矿柱的稳定性也越差。
模拟分析了不同重力加速度条件下露天坑底矿柱结构系统的塑性区分布特征,如图6所示。
由图6可知,在初始重力加速度下,露天坑底矿柱结构系统的塑性区分布范围较小,主要分布在应力集中和位移较大的位置,其中间柱和采场交汇位置集中应力稍大,出现了少量塑性破坏,但此时坑底境界矿柱和盘区间柱均处于稳定状态;随着重力加速度增大到1.5g,坑底境界矿柱和盘区间柱的浅部塑性区范围明显扩大,而盘区间柱深部塑性破坏范围较少,此时坑底境界矿柱和盘区间柱处于严重变形状态;当重力加速度增大到2.0g,坑底境界矿柱和盘区间柱的塑性区完全连通,处于失稳破坏状态。
矿柱结构系统的整体稳定性依赖于盘区间柱的承载特性以及坑底境界矿柱和盘区间柱之间的相互作用。根据不同重力加速度条件下坑底境界矿柱和间柱失稳特征分析结果可知,首先发生破坏的最不利位置主要集中在矿区N22~N26勘探线附近。一旦该区域的某一矿柱发生破坏,会诱发矿柱的连锁失稳破坏现象。
因此,矿山在采矿设计与生产过程中,建议采取以下措施加强N22~N26线区域的稳定性:
(1)通过增加盘区间柱的宽度以提高其承载能力;
(2)提高一、二步骤采空区的充填效果,尤其是提高充填体的胶结强度和充填接顶率,充分发挥充填体与盘区间柱的协同承载能力,以保障露天坑底矿柱结构系统的稳定性。
(1)采用重度增加法,研究了不同重力加速度下司家营铁矿露天转地下开采露天坑底矿柱结构系统的应力场、位移场和塑性区特征,结果表明,初始重力加速度条件下,露天坑底矿柱结构系统处于稳定状态。
(2)露天坑底矿柱结构系统的应力场演化特征表明,随着重力加速度的增加,矿柱结构系统显现出应力集中现象,且应力值不断增大;当重力加速度增加到初始重力加速度的2倍时,最大主应力最大值达到56.98 MPa;在矿区N22~N26勘探线范围内,盘区间柱的拉应力值和分布范围随重力加速度增加而逐渐扩大,最终会达到岩体的抗拉强度,很可能会引起矿柱失稳的“多米诺效应”,产生多矿柱复合型失稳破坏。
(3)露天坑底矿柱结构系统的位移场与塑性区分布特征表明,司家营铁矿区露天转地下开采过程中,矿区N22~N26勘探线范围内的坑底境界矿柱与盘区间柱是易发生失稳的高风险区域。随着重力加速度的增大,坑底境界矿柱的位移量呈指数型增长趋势,矿柱结构系统的塑性区分布范围也不断扩展,直到完全连通而产生失稳破坏。
(4)为防止N22~N26勘探线附近矿柱可能失稳而诱发多矿柱连锁失稳破坏问题,应采取增大盘区间柱承载能力和提高该区域采空区充填效果等综合措施,保障坑底矿柱结构系统的稳定性,提高司家营铁矿露天转地下开采的安全可靠性。
  • 河钢集团重点科技项目(HG2023215)
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2025年第45卷第7期
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  • 接收时间:2025-01-21
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-21
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河钢集团重点科技项目(HG2023215)
作者信息
    1.河北钢铁集团矿业有限公司,河北 唐山市 063009
    2.东北大学 资源与土木工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110819
    3.中国恩菲工程技术有限公司,北京 100038
    4.辽宁科技大学 矿业工程学院,辽宁 鞍山市 114051

通讯作者:

路增祥(1965—),男,陕西富平人,博士,教授,主要从事金属矿床地下开采方面的教学与研究。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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