Article(id=1322158328579474395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322158299525530318, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724083200000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793156710047, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793156710047, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793156710047, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793156710047, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322158299525530318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='280', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1753372800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793156703120, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158832445, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322167230608028625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322158299525530318, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322167230608028626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322158299525530318, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=83, endPage=92, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322158328810161116, articleId=1322158328579474395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Study on Reasonable Strength of Stope Filling Body in Large-Diameter Deep Hole Open Stoping with Subsequent Filling Mining Method, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The rational design of stope filling body is very important to ensure the safe and efficient mining of mines. Based on the engineering background of a stope mined by large-diameter deep hole open stoping with subsequent filling mining method, the reasonable strength of filling body in stope was studied by combining theoretical calculation and numerical simulation. The stress, displacement and surface subsidence deformation law inside the filling body of the stope were explored. The results show that the maximum principal stress inside the filling body gradually increases with the progress of mining. The stress is mainly compressive stress, which is more obvious at the roof and floor. The strength change of the filling body has little effect on the maximum and minimum principal stress peaks, but the increase of the strength of the filling body reduces the stress radiation range. The increase of the strength of the filling body reduces the roof subsidence space and limits the roof deformation, and its constraint effect on the roof is better than that of the surface. Under the influence of excavation disturbance, the displacement inside the filling body presents a step-like change rule. Under the working condition that the strength of the filling body in stope is 2.5 MPa at the 10 m of top and bottom and 1.5 MPa in the middle part, the maximum tilt deformation, curvature, maximum horizontal deformation in X-direction, and maximum horizontal deformation in Y-direction of the surface monitoring line are 0.109, 0.181×10-3,-0.024, and 0.059 mm/m, respectively. All these values meet the requirements of the safety regulations for the impact of surface subsidence on structures.

, authors=Ning YANG1, 2, Shiqiang XI3, Zhiping MA3, Renze OU1, 2, Xiaoping KAN3, Qingsong ZHANG1, 2, Hengbing ZHAO3, authorsList=Ning YANG, Shiqiang XI, Zhiping MA, Renze OU, Xiaoping KAN, Qingsong ZHANG, Hengbing ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shiqiang XI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322158331939111927, articleId=1322158328579474395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=大直径深孔空场嗣后充填采矿法采场充填体合理强度研究, columnId=1226462294490657775, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=采矿与矿山充填, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采场充填体的合理性设计对于保障矿山的安全高效开采至关重要。以某大直径深孔空场嗣后充填采矿法采场为工程背景,结合理论计算与数值模拟方法对采场充填体合理强度进行研究,探究了采场充填体内部的应力、位移及地表沉降变形规律。结果表明:充填体内部的最大主应力随着开采的进行逐渐增加,应力主要为压应力,在顶、底板处更加明显。充填体强度变化对最大和最小主应力峰值影响不大,但充填体强度的增加减小了应力辐射范围。充填体强度的增加减少了顶板下沉空间并限制了顶板变形,其对顶板的约束效果优于地表。受开挖扰动的影响,充填体内部的位移呈现阶梯状的变化规律。在采场充填体顶、底部10 m强度为2.5 MPa、中部强度为1.5 MPa的工况下,地表监测线的最大倾斜变形、曲率、最大X方向水平变形和最大Y方向水平变形分别为0.109、0.181×10-3、-0.024和0.059 mm/m,均满足安全规程允许的地表沉降对构筑物影响的要求。

, authors=杨宁1, 2, 席世强3, 马志平3, 欧任泽1, 2, 阚晓平3, 张庆嵩1, 2, 赵恒兵3, authorsList=杨宁, 席世强, 马志平, 欧任泽, 阚晓平, 张庆嵩, 赵恒兵, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=席世强, authorNote=

杨宁(1992—),男,宁厦中卫人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事采矿工程技术研究。E-mail:

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席世强(1977—),男,山西沁源人,高级工程师,主要从事采矿技术研发及管理工作。E-mail:
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1, caption=

Physical and mechanical parameters of each material

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材料容重/(kN/m3)抗拉强度/MPa体积模量/GPa剪切模量/GPa抗剪强度参数
黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)
黑云石英片岩27.00.833.151.982.2729.95
花岗斑岩26.01.314.233.043.4636.18
钠长石化花岗岩26.10.973.792.613.3233.86
锂辉石矿体27.21.403.772.263.2432.25
1.5 MPa充填体19.00.180.320.140.2028.00
2.5 MPa充填体20.50.250.400.190.3532.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322158339040067664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158328579474395, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各材料的物理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料容重/(kN/m3)抗拉强度/MPa体积模量/GPa剪切模量/GPa抗剪强度参数
黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)
黑云石英片岩27.00.833.151.982.2729.95
花岗斑岩26.01.314.233.043.4636.18
钠长石化花岗岩26.10.973.792.613.3233.86
锂辉石矿体27.21.403.772.263.2432.25
1.5 MPa充填体19.00.180.320.140.2028.00
2.5 MPa充填体20.50.250.400.190.3532.00
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大直径深孔空场嗣后充填采矿法采场充填体合理强度研究
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杨宁 1, 2 , 席世强 3 , 马志平 3 , 欧任泽 1, 2 , 阚晓平 3 , 张庆嵩 1, 2 , 赵恒兵 3
矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025,45(7): 83-92
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矿业研究与开发 |采矿与矿山充填 2025 , 45 (7) : 83 -92
大直径深孔空场嗣后充填采矿法采场充填体合理强度研究
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杨宁1, 2 , 席世强3 , 马志平3, 欧任泽1, 2, 阚晓平3, 张庆嵩1, 2, 赵恒兵3
作者信息
  • 1.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
  • 2.国家金属采矿工程技术研究中心,湖南 长沙 410012
  • 3.四川德鑫矿业资源有限公司,四川 阿坝藏族羌族自治州 624199
通讯作者:
席世强(1977—),男,山西沁源人,高级工程师,主要从事采矿技术研发及管理工作。E-mail:
作者简介:

杨宁(1992—),男,宁厦中卫人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事采矿工程技术研究。E-mail:

Study on Reasonable Strength of Stope Filling Body in Large-Diameter Deep Hole Open Stoping with Subsequent Filling Mining Method
Ning YANG1, 2 , Shiqiang XI3 , Zhiping MA3, Renze OU1, 2, Xiaoping KAN3, Qingsong ZHANG1, 2, Hengbing ZHAO3
Affiliations
  • 1.Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
  • 2.National Engineering Research Center for Metal Mining, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
  • 3.Sichuan Dexin Mining Resources Co., Ltd., Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan 624199, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25
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采场充填体的合理性设计对于保障矿山的安全高效开采至关重要。以某大直径深孔空场嗣后充填采矿法采场为工程背景,结合理论计算与数值模拟方法对采场充填体合理强度进行研究,探究了采场充填体内部的应力、位移及地表沉降变形规律。结果表明:充填体内部的最大主应力随着开采的进行逐渐增加,应力主要为压应力,在顶、底板处更加明显。充填体强度变化对最大和最小主应力峰值影响不大,但充填体强度的增加减小了应力辐射范围。充填体强度的增加减少了顶板下沉空间并限制了顶板变形,其对顶板的约束效果优于地表。受开挖扰动的影响,充填体内部的位移呈现阶梯状的变化规律。在采场充填体顶、底部10 m强度为2.5 MPa、中部强度为1.5 MPa的工况下,地表监测线的最大倾斜变形、曲率、最大X方向水平变形和最大Y方向水平变形分别为0.109、0.181×10-3、-0.024和0.059 mm/m,均满足安全规程允许的地表沉降对构筑物影响的要求。

充填采矿法  /  充填体合理强度  /  地表沉降变形  /  理论计算  /  数值模拟

The rational design of stope filling body is very important to ensure the safe and efficient mining of mines. Based on the engineering background of a stope mined by large-diameter deep hole open stoping with subsequent filling mining method, the reasonable strength of filling body in stope was studied by combining theoretical calculation and numerical simulation. The stress, displacement and surface subsidence deformation law inside the filling body of the stope were explored. The results show that the maximum principal stress inside the filling body gradually increases with the progress of mining. The stress is mainly compressive stress, which is more obvious at the roof and floor. The strength change of the filling body has little effect on the maximum and minimum principal stress peaks, but the increase of the strength of the filling body reduces the stress radiation range. The increase of the strength of the filling body reduces the roof subsidence space and limits the roof deformation, and its constraint effect on the roof is better than that of the surface. Under the influence of excavation disturbance, the displacement inside the filling body presents a step-like change rule. Under the working condition that the strength of the filling body in stope is 2.5 MPa at the 10 m of top and bottom and 1.5 MPa in the middle part, the maximum tilt deformation, curvature, maximum horizontal deformation in X-direction, and maximum horizontal deformation in Y-direction of the surface monitoring line are 0.109, 0.181×10-3,-0.024, and 0.059 mm/m, respectively. All these values meet the requirements of the safety regulations for the impact of surface subsidence on structures.

Filling mining method  /  Reasonable strength of filling body  /  Surface subsidence deformation  /  Theoretical calculation  /  Numerical simulation
杨宁, 席世强, 马志平, 欧任泽, 阚晓平, 张庆嵩, 赵恒兵. 大直径深孔空场嗣后充填采矿法采场充填体合理强度研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (7) : 83 -92 .
Ning YANG, Shiqiang XI, Zhiping MA, Renze OU, Xiaoping KAN, Qingsong ZHANG, Hengbing ZHAO. Study on Reasonable Strength of Stope Filling Body in Large-Diameter Deep Hole Open Stoping with Subsequent Filling Mining Method[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (7) : 83 -92 .
大直径深孔嗣后充填采矿法因其具有工程量少、生产能力大等优势而被广泛应用于矿山工程中,被视为一种高效的采矿方法[1]。在采用该方法进行回采时,常常会将矿体划分为矿房和矿柱两个步骤进行回采。在一步回采完成后,对采空区进行充填作业,充填体被用作人工矿柱,以减缓地压,为矿柱回采提供必要的支撑条件。一步回采充填体在此过程中承担着重要作用,因此对充填体有着较高的质量要求[2-3]。故确定合理的充填体强度不仅有助于降低充填成本,避免强度过剩而导致的资源浪费,更能减弱地下开采对地表环境的不良影响,对于保障矿山的安全高效生产至关重要。
不同矿山因矿岩类型、稳定性及赋存条件的不同,导致其在充填体进入采场后所需的承载要求各不相同。合理的充填体强度应以矿区实际条件为基础,保证充填体的自立性与稳定性,防止回采过程中充填体与岩体的破坏失稳[4]。目前学者们在充填体合理强度的计算方面开展了大量的研究工作。刘光生等[5]在考虑采充时序过程的基础上,对米切尔计算法进行修正,并结合数值模拟,验证并扩展了强度修正模型的准确性与适用性。贺桂成等[6]利用FLAC3D模拟分析了废石胶结充填体强度对围岩应力的影响,并且依据模拟结果选用的充填体参数有效控制了采场深部开采地压。黄德镛等[7]通过FAHP-CRITIC法优化了采场结构参数和充填体配比。此外,熊朝辉等[8]通过3种力学模型解析分层胶结充填体的强度需求,优化了高阶段嗣后分层胶结充填体的充填参数。王谦源等[9]结合大范围嗣后充填分析模型,提出带式充填结构以增强薄弱部位的稳定性,大幅降低了充填成本。林卫星等[10]通过高效仓储造浆放砂实现了结构流高浓度充填的浓度稳定,并循环使用高效能充填设备实现了矿山的采充平衡,结合新型胶凝材料在满足充填体强度的情况下,大幅度降低了充填成本,实现了特大型贫铁矿的高质量、低成本充填。这些研究为不同工程背景下合理充填体强度的确定提供了有效的解决方案,具有重要的理论和实践意义。
本文针对某矿采用的大直径深孔空场嗣后充填采矿法,在理论公式计算得到的初步设计强度的基础上,利用数值模拟软件进一步优化采场充填体合理强度,分析一步采场充填体内部承载规律,确定采场充填体稳定自立所需强度值,以期为矿山安全高效和低成本开采提供依据。
某矿的工业矿体为锂辉石矿体,矿区内共圈定17条矿体,赋存标高为3 500~4 040 m。在矿区西侧存在一条埋藏较浅的X号矿体,矿体倾角为53°,矿体平均厚度为30 m,埋深为40~90 m, Li2O平均品位为1.34%,开采方法采用大直径深孔嗣后充填采矿法。考虑充填成本以及浅埋矿体对地表建筑物安全的潜在影响,本研究旨在通过理论计算和数值模拟等方法,对采场充填体的合理强度进行深入分析,以此避免设计强度过高而造成资源浪费,确保矿区X号矿体的低成本、安全高效生产。
采场充填体强度的确定受到多个因素的影响,包括矿山的开采技术条件、采场结构参数、充填方式和充填体强度特性等[11]。其中,满足充填体自立性是最基本的要求。计算采场充填体强度会涉及不同的理论和方法,因此得到的充填体自立强度值可能会有所不同。为了获得合理的采场充填体强度值,本研究采用了托马斯(Thomas)模型法[12]、安庆铜矿经验公式法[13]、覆岩承重计算法[14]、蔡嗣经经验公式法[15]和米切尔(Mitchell)计算法等5种理论方法,通过计算分析得出的结果可以为优化充填体设计提供理论依据。
不同安全系数下各经验公式计算出的充填体强度如图1所示。由图1可知,蔡嗣经经验公式法与安庆铜矿经验公式法的计算结果比较接近,计算出的充填体强度适中,而Thomas模型法、Mitchell计算法和覆岩承重计算法计算结果均较小。根据国内外充填体强度设计的经验,Thomas模型法、Mitchell计算法的安全系数(通常要求为1.5~2.0)分别选取为1.88, 1.8;覆岩承重计算法与安庆铜矿经验公式法的安全系数(通常要求为1.2~1.5)分别选取为1.4, 1.45;蔡嗣经经验公式法为现场统计的结果,故可以取用略小的安全系数值1.1。综合得出充填体设计强度为1.5~2.5 MPa。但需要指出的是,上述计算结果只考虑了充填体的自立因素,并未涉及爆破扰动作用,以及地下环境及矿体开采对充填体强度的影响,故充填体强度值的确定还需要通过数值模拟手段加以验证。
根据矿区现有地质资料,建立了X号矿体充填体强度计算力学模型,整体模型尺寸为400 m×600 m×300 m。建模的重点区域需体现充填体内部应力分布规律及其稳定性,因此采场网格分布较密,单个采场阶段高为50 m,长为20 m,模型共计336 830个单元,235 850个节点。为更好地分析充填体应力扰动关系及稳定状态,沿着矿脉走向和倾角选取A—A典型剖面进行分析,剖面位置示意如图2所示。各岩层与充填体的物理力学参数见表1。
为了确定大直径深孔空场嗣后充填采矿法的合理充填体强度值,本研究综合运用了理论计算和数值模拟的方法,通过理论计算初步确定了充填体强度值的适宜范围为1.5~2.5 MPa。数值模拟详细分析了充填体内部的应力分布、塑性区域以及矿柱与采场顶板的稳定性情况,旨在进一步优化充填体的设计强度。根据理论计算结果,本研究设计并模拟了3种不同工况:工况一中,充填体完全采用1.5 MPa强度;工况二中,顶、底部10 m采用了2.5 MPa的高强度充填材料,其余部分维持1.5 MPa;工况三中,充填体整体采用2.5 MPa强度。模拟工况如图3所示。
根据矿区采场规划,矿块按照所处的约束情况,分为两步采场,回采顺序如图4所示。为了确保凿岩、回采和充填作业之间互不干扰,并避免在充填体内进行掘进或凿岩,采场采用间隔布置的方法。回采过程中,按照“隔三采一”的原则进行作业,首先开采第一步采场(矿房采场),接着进行充填,然后继续回采剩余的第一步采场(矿房采场),接着充填采空区,再按照回采顺序开采第二步采场(矿柱采场),随后充填第二步采场并继续回采剩余的第二步采场(矿柱采场),待第二步采场回采完成后,再进行充填作业。
在回采过程中,一、二步骤采场充填体的受力状态是不相同的。一步骤采场充填体作为矿柱回采过程中的围岩,对矿柱回采的安全稳定和经济效益具有重要影响,因此其稳定性是研究的关键。二步骤采场充填体主要用于填充采空区,并充当工作平台或顶板。为了研究充填体应力分布规律及其稳定性情况,需要选择一个最危险状态、具有代表性的充填体。步骤一时105#矿房充填体两侧为矿柱;步骤二时105#矿房充填体一侧为矿柱、充填体,另一侧为采空区、充填体;步骤三时105#矿房充填体一侧为充填体,另一侧为采空区、充填体。由于在不同模拟步骤中105#矿房采场的约束情况不同,因此在105#矿房充填体中设6个监测点(1号监测点高度为1 m,监测点间距为10 m),分析其应力分布规律及稳定性情况,监测点布置位置如图5所示。
工况一动态开挖过程中A—A剖面的应力变化如图6所示。无论开挖到哪一步骤,充填体应力分布都呈现出较为明显的规律,即最大主应力主要由压应力主导,且充填体底部和顶部的受力最为显著。在步骤一中,应力集中现象在充填体底部与围岩交界处显现,相对于未充填的采场,充填体由于其应力转移的作用,有效缓解了底部的应力集中[16]。步骤二回采时,随着两个采场之间矿柱的回采,充填体一侧邻近围岩,另一侧则为采空区。在这种情况下,充填体临空面的应力大致维持在0.5 MPa,由于采空区的卸压作用,充填体未出现明显的应力集中现象,大部分压应力仍由矿柱承担[17]。在步骤三中,充填体顶部所承受的拉应力增大,顶部发生拉伸破坏的风险提高。在步骤四中,充填体的压应力峰值相近,这是因为步骤四中未出现新的开挖扰动区域,充填体需要转移的应力并未增加。
105#矿房充填体在不同高度处的应力分布情况如图7所示。由图7可知,充填体内部仅存在压应力,且压应力的最大值出现在充填体的顶、底板处。随着开挖作业的进行,充填体内部的最大主应力逐渐增加。这是由于随着开挖的进行,承载上部应力的矿柱逐渐减少,充填体开始承担起来自矿柱的应力,因此充填体内部的应力逐渐增大[18]。在步骤三和步骤四中,应力变化并不显著,这是因为步骤四仅涉及对105#采场充填体邻近采空区的充填操作,并未引入新的开挖扰动,因此充填体内部的应力变化较小。
不同工况下的应力对比如图8所示。由图8可知,充填采空区的充填体强度变化虽然对最大主应力和最小主应力峰值影响不大,但对应力范围有显著影响。随着充填体强度的增加,相同数值区域内的最大主应力和最小主应力范围均减小。这进一步证明了充填体强度的增加使其能够承担更多的应力,有效地转移了覆岩的压力,从而提高了充填体的承载能力和充填后采场的稳定性。
不同工况下的位移对比如图9所示。从图9中可以看出,随着充填体强度的增加,充填体对采场顶板下沉的抑制作用得到增强。从工况一到工况三,A—A切面处顶板下沉量的峰值由19.38 mm减少至16.79 mm,减小了13.36%;地表沉降峰值由14.48 mm减少到13.74 mm,减小了5.11%。由此可见,充填体强度的增加减少了采场顶板下沉的空间,进一步限制了顶板的变形,而且充填体强度的增加对顶板的约束效果高于地表。
不同工况下的充填体内部监测点竖向位移变化情况如图10所示。由图10可知,在不同工况下,充填体内部的位移变化均呈现出相似的规律。1号监测点位于采场底板与充填体交界处,受应力影响较大,因此出现了底鼓现象。2~6号监测点远离底板,受底板应力影响较小,因此出现下沉现象。工况一、二、三中5号和6号监测点的位移变化曲线趋势相似,沉降峰值分别为15.00 mm、14.60 mm、14.17 mm,表明充填体顶部承受更大的应力,充填体顶部是需要重点关注的区域。此外,位移呈现阶梯状的变化规律,这是因为相邻矿房的开挖和充填作业对位移存在影响[19]。因此,为确保采场充填体的稳定性,需要重点关注采场开挖过程的扰动。
不同工况下的塑性区分布云图如图11所示。由图11可知,塑性破坏主要集中在充填体四周和顶部,随着充填体强度的增加,塑性区的体积逐渐减小。在工况一中,顶部存在较大的破坏区域,但当充填体顶部10 m的强度从1.5 MPa提升到工况二的2.5 MPa时,顶部的塑性区域显著减少。当充填体强度进一步提升至工况三的全部2.5 MPa时,仅出现少量塑性区域。
综合应力和位移的分析结果可知,当充填体强度全部采用理论计算值的最小值1.5 MPa时,采场充填体的稳定性稍显不足,顶部和底部的应力较大,顶部充填体存在较高的破坏风险。然而,当充填体全部采用理论计算值的最大值2.5 MPa时,采场充填体的稳定性非常好,充填体失稳和破坏的风险很低。考虑到充填成本,即使仅将采场顶部和底部的10 m改为2.5 MPa的充填体,也足以确保采场充填体的稳定性,使充填体的强度设计更为合理。
地下开采引起的上覆岩层及地表移动变形会直接影响地表建筑物的安全,较大的变形将会引起建筑物的破损。为了确保工况二条件下地表建筑物的安全,在矿体上方设置地表沉降监测线(见图12),并计算其倾斜、水平和曲率变形值以判断其安全性。
通过对采场充填过程的模拟分析,根据地表监测线的位移情况计算出相应的最大倾斜、曲率以及水平变形,如图13所示。经计算,在采场充填体顶、底部10 m强度为2.5 MPa、中部强度为1.5 MPa的工况下,地表监测线的最大倾斜变形i=0.109 mm/m,最大曲率k=0.181×10-3 mm/m,最大X方向水平变形ε=-0.024 mm/m,最大Y方向水平变形ε=0.059 mm/m,均满足安全规程允许的地表沉降对构筑物影响的要求[20]。
结合理论计算与FLAC3D数值模拟,针对某锂辉石矿浅埋X号矿体进行了不同工况条件下的大直径深孔空场嗣后充填采矿法采场充填体合理强度研究,探究了采场充填体内部的应力、位移及地表沉降变形规律,得出以下主要结论。
(1)结合矿山实际条件,采用了Thomas模型法、安庆铜矿经验公式法、覆岩承重计算法、蔡嗣经经验公式法和Mitchell计算法等5种理论公式,得出充填体设计强度为1.5~2.5 MPa。
(2)随着开挖过程的进行,充填体内部的最大主应力逐渐增加,并以压应力为主,压应力的最大值出现在充填体的顶、底板处。在充填采空区时,充填体强度变化虽然对最大主应力和最小主应力峰值的影响不大,但充填体强度的增加减小了应力辐射范围。
(3)随着充填体强度的增加,一方面,充填体对采场顶板下沉的抑制作用得到增强;另一方面,充填体强度的增加,减少了采场顶板下沉的空间,进一步限制了顶板的变形,且充填体强度对顶板的约束效果优于地表。另外,受开挖扰动的影响,充填体内部的位移呈现阶梯状的变化规律。
(4)在采场充填体顶、底部10 m强度为2.5 MPa、中部强度为1.5 MPa的工况下,地表监测线的最大倾斜变形i=0.109 mm/m,最大曲率k=0.181×10-3 mm/m,最大X方向水平变形ε=-0.024 mm/m,最大Y方向水平变形ε=0.059 mm/m,均满足安全规程允许的地表沉降对构筑物影响的要求。
  • “十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2904001)
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2025年第45卷第7期
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  • 接收时间:2024-08-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2904001)
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    1.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
    2.国家金属采矿工程技术研究中心,湖南 长沙 410012
    3.四川德鑫矿业资源有限公司,四川 阿坝藏族羌族自治州 624199

通讯作者:

席世强(1977—),男,山西沁源人,高级工程师,主要从事采矿技术研发及管理工作。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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