Article(id=1322158319737876767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322158299525530318, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744732800000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793156707938, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793156707938, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793156707938, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793156707938, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322158299525530318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='280', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1753372800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793156703120, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158832445, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322167230608028625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322158299525530318, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322167230608028626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322158299525530318, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=177, endPage=184, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322158320031478048, articleId=1322158319737876767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=3DEC Simulation of Response Characteristics of Surrounding Rock for Adjacent Roadway Under Blasting Action, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the dynamic response characteristics of adjacent roadway under blasting action, taking the adjacent roadway of a mine as the engineering background, the 3DEC discrete element simulation software was used to establish a bonded block model considering the discontinuous characteristics of rock mass. The vibration velocity field, stress wave propagation and fracture evolution law of surrounding rock of adjacent roadway under blasting load were simulated, and the response characteristics of the surrounding rock under different blasting rising time was analyzed. The results show that the short rising time makes the energy of blasting wave release intensively, which leads to the high peak vibration velocity of surrounding rock particles, but the attenuation is rapid. The long rising time makes the energy distribution more uniform, but the peak vibration velocity of surrounding rock particles decreases significantly, and the cumulative damage to surrounding rock is more significant. The evolution of fracture fractal dimension presents two-stage characteristics, which increases sharply in the early stage of blasting and increases slowly in the later stage. The long rising time has a stronger promoting effect on the expansion of surrounding rock damage range. Based on the stress wave propagation and the distribution law of the peak particle velocity of the surrounding rock, the short rising time is suitable for efficient blasting scenarios, while the long rising time needs to be combined with charge control to reduce the damage of the surrounding rock. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the safety design and construction control of blasting excavation in adjacent roadways.

, authors=Xingbao WENI, authorsList=Xingbao WEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322158323676328257, articleId=1322158319737876767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=爆破作用下邻近巷道围岩响应特征的3DEC模拟, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究爆破作用对邻近巷道的动态响应特征,以某矿山邻近巷道为工程背景,采用3DEC离散元仿真软件,建立考虑岩体非连续特性的黏结块体模型,模拟爆破载荷作用下邻近巷道围岩的振动速度场、应力波传播及裂隙演化规律,分析不同爆破上升时间下的围岩响应特征。结果表明:短上升时间使爆破波能量集中释放,导致围岩质点峰值振速较高,但衰减迅速,而长上升时间使爆破波能量分布更均匀,但围岩质点峰值振速显著减小,对围岩的累积损伤更显著;裂隙分形维数演化呈现两阶段特征,爆破初期急剧增加,后期缓慢增长,长上升时间对围岩损伤范围扩展的促进作用更强;基于应力波传播与围岩质点峰值振速分布规律,短上升时间适用于高效爆破场景,而长上升时间需配合装药控制以减少围岩损伤。研究成果为邻近巷道爆破开挖的安全设计与施工控制提供了理论依据。

, authors=文兴宝I, authorsList=文兴宝, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

文兴宝(1979—),男,重庆沙坪坝人,硕士,工程师,主要从事深部地下空间与TBM 管理相关的研究工作。E-mail:。

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文兴宝(1979—),男,重庆沙坪坝人,硕士,工程师,主要从事深部地下空间与TBM 管理相关的研究工作。E-mail:。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

文兴宝(1979—),男,重庆沙坪坝人,硕士,工程师,主要从事深部地下空间与TBM 管理相关的研究工作。E-mail:。

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dimension of fractures around roadway, figureFileSmall=fsfEnD8v2vKZ1upHZeanyw==, figureFileBig=KsKsZUkysiNBscE+xe3TeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322158326553620833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158319737876767, language=CN, label=图7, caption=爆破上升时间对巷道周围裂隙分形维数的影响, figureFileSmall=fsfEnD8v2vKZ1upHZeanyw==, figureFileBig=KsKsZUkysiNBscE+xe3TeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322158326662672738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158319737876767, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Peak vibration velocity statistics of monitoring points

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监测点位置1#监测断面2#监测断面3#监测断面4#监测断面5#监测断面
拱顶11.729.0810.2312.4511.46
拱腰5.364.285.123.364.96
边墙3.983.894.163.234.15
), ArticleFig(id=1322158326746558819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158319737876767, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

监测点峰值振动速度统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点位置1#监测断面2#监测断面3#监测断面4#监测断面5#监测断面
拱顶11.729.0810.2312.4511.46
拱腰5.364.285.123.364.96
边墙3.983.894.163.234.15
), ArticleFig(id=1322158326889165156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158319737876767, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Blasting parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
装药密度 ρ0/(kg·m-3)爆炸速度 D/(m·s-1)装药直径 r0/m炮孔间距 a/m爆破载荷 P0/GPa爆破等效峰值载荷 Pe/GPa
1 0003 2000.040.61.60.213
), ArticleFig(id=1322158326994022757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158319737876767, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

爆破参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
装药密度 ρ0/(kg·m-3)爆炸速度 D/(m·s-1)装药直径 r0/m炮孔间距 a/m爆破载荷 P0/GPa爆破等效峰值载荷 Pe/GPa
1 0003 2000.040.61.60.213
), ArticleFig(id=1322158327094686054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158319737876767, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Macroscopic mechanical parameters of uniaxial compression test of granite

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/(kg·m-3)杨氏模量/GPa泊松比单轴抗压强度/MPa
2 700500.22128
), ArticleFig(id=1322158327199543655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158319737876767, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

花刚岩单轴压缩试验的宏观力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/(kg·m-3)杨氏模量/GPa泊松比单轴抗压强度/MPa
2 700500.22128
), ArticleFig(id=1322158327308595560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158319737876767, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Calibration of meso-mechanical parameters of block contact surface

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
接触面法向刚度/GPa切向刚度/GPa黏聚力/MPa抗拉强度/MPa内摩擦角/(°)
摩尔–库伦5×1042.5×104501530
), ArticleFig(id=1322158327388287337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158319737876767, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

块体接触面的细观力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
接触面法向刚度/GPa切向刚度/GPa黏聚力/MPa抗拉强度/MPa内摩擦角/(°)
摩尔–库伦5×1042.5×104501530
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爆破作用下邻近巷道围岩响应特征的3DEC模拟
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文兴宝 I
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(7): 177-184
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爆破作用下邻近巷道围岩响应特征的3DEC模拟
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[Author(id=1322158324028649798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158319737876767, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=476260235@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322158324120924488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158319737876767, authorId=1322158324028649798, language=EN, stringName=Xingbao WEN, firstName=Xingbao, middleName=null, lastName=WEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=I, address=China Railway 11th Bureau Group Fifth Engineering Co., Ltd.,Chongqing 400037, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322158324196421961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322158319737876767, authorId=1322158324028649798, language=CN, stringName=文兴宝, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=I, address=中铁十一局集团第五工程有限公司,重庆 400037, bio={"content":"

文兴宝(1979—),男,重庆沙坪坝人,硕士,工程师,主要从事深部地下空间与TBM 管理相关的研究工作。E-mail:。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

文兴宝(1979—),男,重庆沙坪坝人,硕士,工程师,主要从事深部地下空间与TBM 管理相关的研究工作。E-mail:。

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文兴宝I
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  • 中铁十一局集团第五工程有限公司,重庆 400037
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文兴宝(1979—),男,重庆沙坪坝人,硕士,工程师,主要从事深部地下空间与TBM 管理相关的研究工作。E-mail:。

3DEC Simulation of Response Characteristics of Surrounding Rock for Adjacent Roadway Under Blasting Action
Xingbao WENI
Affiliations
  • China Railway 11th Bureau Group Fifth Engineering Co., Ltd.,Chongqing 400037, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25
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为研究爆破作用对邻近巷道的动态响应特征,以某矿山邻近巷道为工程背景,采用3DEC离散元仿真软件,建立考虑岩体非连续特性的黏结块体模型,模拟爆破载荷作用下邻近巷道围岩的振动速度场、应力波传播及裂隙演化规律,分析不同爆破上升时间下的围岩响应特征。结果表明:短上升时间使爆破波能量集中释放,导致围岩质点峰值振速较高,但衰减迅速,而长上升时间使爆破波能量分布更均匀,但围岩质点峰值振速显著减小,对围岩的累积损伤更显著;裂隙分形维数演化呈现两阶段特征,爆破初期急剧增加,后期缓慢增长,长上升时间对围岩损伤范围扩展的促进作用更强;基于应力波传播与围岩质点峰值振速分布规律,短上升时间适用于高效爆破场景,而长上升时间需配合装药控制以减少围岩损伤。研究成果为邻近巷道爆破开挖的安全设计与施工控制提供了理论依据。

邻近巷道  /  爆破  /  上升时间  /  分形维数  /  离散元仿真

In order to study the dynamic response characteristics of adjacent roadway under blasting action, taking the adjacent roadway of a mine as the engineering background, the 3DEC discrete element simulation software was used to establish a bonded block model considering the discontinuous characteristics of rock mass. The vibration velocity field, stress wave propagation and fracture evolution law of surrounding rock of adjacent roadway under blasting load were simulated, and the response characteristics of the surrounding rock under different blasting rising time was analyzed. The results show that the short rising time makes the energy of blasting wave release intensively, which leads to the high peak vibration velocity of surrounding rock particles, but the attenuation is rapid. The long rising time makes the energy distribution more uniform, but the peak vibration velocity of surrounding rock particles decreases significantly, and the cumulative damage to surrounding rock is more significant. The evolution of fracture fractal dimension presents two-stage characteristics, which increases sharply in the early stage of blasting and increases slowly in the later stage. The long rising time has a stronger promoting effect on the expansion of surrounding rock damage range. Based on the stress wave propagation and the distribution law of the peak particle velocity of the surrounding rock, the short rising time is suitable for efficient blasting scenarios, while the long rising time needs to be combined with charge control to reduce the damage of the surrounding rock. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the safety design and construction control of blasting excavation in adjacent roadways.

Adjacent roadway  /  Blasting action  /  Rising time  /  Fractal dimension  /  Discrete element simulation
文兴宝. 爆破作用下邻近巷道围岩响应特征的3DEC模拟. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (7) : 177 -184 .
Xingbao WEN. 3DEC Simulation of Response Characteristics of Surrounding Rock for Adjacent Roadway Under Blasting Action[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (7) : 177 -184 .
随着地下空间开发的持续推进与井下巷道密度的增大,巷道群邻近施工工程的建设强度与复杂性显著增加,安全风险同步攀升[1-3]。在矿山井下巷道开掘过程中,新建巷道的爆破开挖不可避免地会对邻近既有巷道产生动力扰动,导致围岩应力重分布、损伤累积甚至结构失稳,严重威胁施工安全与长期运营稳定性[4-7]。尤其在节理发育的岩体中,爆破应力波与岩体结构面的相互作用可能进一步加剧围岩动力响应的非线性特征,传统连续介质力学理论及简化分析方法难以准确揭示此类复杂力学行为[8-10]。
近年来,国内外学者针对爆破振动对邻近巷道的影响开展了大量研究,主要集中在现场监测、经验公式预测及数值模拟等方面,如孙晓刚等[11]基于离散元数值计算软件和声发射监测技术,研究了爆破扰动诱发巷道围岩微破裂的动态扩展特征,揭示了巷道围岩微破裂响应特征与应力和爆破扰动参数之间的关系。常聚才等[12]研究了爆破扰动应力波在不同煤岩体中的传播规律及巷道动力响应机制,提出优化爆破参数可以减少爆破对巷道的影响。余浪浪等[13]利用有限元软件,研究深部巷道围岩爆破开挖的损伤破坏规律,对不同地应力环境下巷道爆破效果影响因素、围岩扰动范围等问题进行数值分析。然而,既有的研究多聚焦于静态荷载或简谐振动作用下的围岩响应,对瞬态爆破冲击荷载下岩体损伤演化、应力波传播路径及能量耗散机制的研究较少[14-16]。此外,节理岩体的非连续特性对围岩动力响应的影响尚未被充分量化,导致现有设计规范对邻近巷道安全间距与爆破参数的优化指导仍较为保守。而离散元法(DEM)因其在处理非连续介质大变形与复杂接触问题中的独特优势,逐渐成为分析节理岩体动力响应的有效工具。3DEC(3-Dimensional Distinct Element Code)作为基于离散元理论的三维数值模拟平台,能够精确表征岩体结构面网络,并通过显式时域积分算法捕捉爆破荷载作用下围岩的动态破裂过程与能量传递规律[17-18]。
综上,学者们大多基于现场监测数据与数值模拟相结合的方式对爆破作用下巷道围岩的动力响应特征开展研究,推动了巷道爆破灾害防控技术的发展,但针对爆破上升时间与邻近巷道间距等关键参数对巷道围岩动力响应的系统性研究仍显不足。鉴于此,本文依托某矿山巷道群邻近施工工程案例,建立考虑岩体离散化特征的邻近巷道BBM三维数值模型[19-20],系统研究爆破荷载作用下邻近巷道围岩的振动速度场、应力波传播路径及损伤区扩展规律,探讨爆破上升时间、邻近巷道间距等关键参数对围岩动力响应的影响机制。研究成果可为邻近巷道爆破开挖的优化设计及安全控制提供理论依据与技术支持。
某矿山采用空场采矿法回采矿石,为提高矿石回采量,计划新掘一条穿脉巷道,采用爆破法进行施工。该穿脉巷道与中段运输巷道最近距离约为5 m,巷道内频繁爆破作业诱发围岩局部损伤,致使其承载能力下降,进而威胁邻近巷道的稳定性。为准确表征爆破振动波在岩体介质中的传播特性,现场测试选取某矿山地质条件具有代表性的区段作为研究对象。邻近中段运输巷道外径8.8 m,埋深35~40 m,穿越地层以微风化花岗岩为主,微风化花岗岩单轴抗压强度平均为128 MPa,弹性模量50 GPa,岩体完整性系数(Kv)介于0.65~0.75之间。上覆岩层自下而上依次为中风化花岗岩(厚度约30 m,节理裂隙较发育)及人工填土层(厚度约7 m),整体呈现典型“硬岩-软土”复合地层结构。
监测系统采用三向速度传感器,沿邻近既有巷道轴线方向布设5个监测断面,每个监测断面在拱顶、拱腰及边墙位置布置测点,共15个测点,监测点峰值振动速度统计见表1。爆破施工采用台阶法开挖,单循环进尺为2 m,孔径为42 mm,孔距为0.8 m,炸药单耗量为0.6 kg / m3,延时起爆间隔时间为25 ms。为后续3DEC模型中爆破荷载时程曲线的反演提供了边界条件。
由表1可知,监测点的峰值振动速度最大值为12.45 cm/s,最小值为3.23 cm/s。在同一截面,巷道顶部的振动速度最大,振动速度基本在9.08~13 cm/s范围内,根据《地下工程允许爆破安全规程》(GB 6722—2014),该振动速度将导致既有巷道原有裂缝继续扩展,破碎区岩体剥落失稳。
对于柱状炮孔来说,爆破振源载荷可以通过施加径向载荷来实现。多年来,延迟方程被用于研究爆破的延迟效应,在大多数的爆破模拟中,众多学者采用压力延迟方程来复现真实的振源波形。本文采用的爆破压力方程[21]为:
式中:P为t时刻的载荷;P0为爆破载荷的峰值压力;α和β为常数。
为了使爆破载荷的上升和衰减过程更加直观和方便,定义另外两个参数t0和ξ。其中,,为达到峰值载荷P0所对应的时间,。式(1)可以改写为:
研究表明,当β / α的值在1.5和100之间,上升时间t0可以在10, 100, 500和1000 μs之间变化。
在3DEC中,可以对节点施加径向速度载荷。因此,爆破波的施加关键在于将节点速度以载荷的形式施加。在炮孔爆破的初始时刻,爆破荷载对孔壁周围施加的均为径向载荷,此时可以认为振源中心的载荷均产生P波(纵波)。理论公式为:
式中:σp为径向应力;ρ为岩体密度;cp为岩体纵波波速;vt为孔壁节点的振动速度,随着时间变化。
因此,联立式(2)、式(3),可以得到炮孔周围节点径向应力载荷为:
式中,λ和G分别为拉梅常数和岩石的剪切模量,其计算公式为:
式中:E为弹性模量,MPa;μ为泊松比。
采用法向节点施加速度载荷的方法,本文将上升时间t0设置为5 μs、10 μs、50 μs、100 μs等,峰值载荷P0固定为1.6 GPa,具体爆破载荷时间函数P(t)如图1所示。对于巷道而言,爆破在巷道壁面产生的爆破载荷以等效载荷的形式施加在爆破开挖面的外法线方向上。等效载荷计算方式为:
式中:Pe为爆破等效峰值载荷,GPa;r0为装药直径,m;a为炮孔间距,m。通过式(7)的等效载荷公式,将计算出的爆破参数列于表2中。
黏结块体模型(BBM)具有输入参数数量少和易于校准的优点。本文参考WALTON等[22]提出的FLAC3D应力–应变曲线,基于裂隙岩体的力学特性,采用线弹性模型对该块体进行建模。室内单轴压缩试验获得花岗岩的宏观力学参数见表3。对于接触界面,力学性能包括法向和切向变形,其特征参数包括法向刚度、切向刚度、黏聚力、内摩擦角和抗拉强度。表4给出了标定后的块体接触界面的细观力学参数。数值仿真与实际试验的应力–应变曲线如图2所示。由图2可知,数值仿真与实际试验的应力–应变曲线变化规律基本一致,且峰值应力也基本相同,在破坏模式方面,数值仿真与实际试验的破坏形式均为剪切型裂纹,呈共轭状。说明以表3的力学参数进行的数值仿真与实际试验的吻合程度较好,可为后续数值模拟提供数据支撑。
小净距巷道施工过程中巷道围岩的稳定性是本文所关注的关键问题,采用3DEC离散元软件创新性地引入BBM对巷道爆破施工进行模拟。邻近巷道爆破数值模型如图3所示,数值模型整体尺寸为80 m×40 m× 60 m,巷道埋深为15 m,巷道直径8 m,简化为圆形,邻近巷道距离为5 m。爆破区采用BBM进行建模,用来模拟岩体的破裂行为,块体个数为76 583个。
不同爆破上升时间下的应力波速度云图如图4所示。从图4中可以发现,上升时间为10 μs时,爆破波的传播速度在最初阶段迅速增加,并且波动较强。这表明爆破波迅速达到较高的速率,能量集中在爆破源周围,外部区域的波动较小。上升时间为50 μs时,爆破波的传播速度有一个相对较缓慢的上升过程,中心区域的能量分布开始扩散,速度变化趋于平稳,爆轰中心周围的岩体振动速度开始增大,爆破波传播的范围相对更广。上升时间为100 μs时,爆破载荷到达峰值载荷的时间更长,能量的扩展逐渐均匀,爆轰中心区域周围开始接近中心区域的速度。这表明较长的上升时间导致爆破波传播的能量分布更加均匀。因此,可以根据不同的爆破需求(例如需要集中能量或均匀分布),选择合适的上升时间。短上升时间适用于需要快速、高效爆破的工程,长上升时间适用于需要平稳、均匀爆破的场景。
质点峰值振速(PPV)是爆破开挖扰动的重要指标,图5为不同上升时间下巷道周围PPV值随时间的变化曲线。从图5中可以看出,上升时间越久,爆破作用对巷道周围的PPV值显著程度越强。在不同的爆破时间段内,巷道周围PPV值到达峰值的时间与上升时间有关,一般爆破载荷上升时间越短,巷道周围PPV值到达峰值的时间越短,而上升时间越长,巷道周围PPV值到达峰值的时间也就越长。从PPV的分布数值上看,爆破载荷上升时间为10 μs时,巷道周围PPV峰值最大为6.586 7 m/s;爆破载荷上升时间为50 μs时,巷道周围PPV峰值最大为34.114 m/s;爆破载荷上升时间为100 μs时,巷道周围PPV峰值最大为53.981 m/s。巷道周围的PPV值似乎按照上升时间的等比例关系增大,这种现象在不同的爆破时间段内都存在。在PPV值达到峰值后,随着爆破时间的推移,PPV值存在先急速下降、然后缓慢减小的过程。
采用BBM对爆破过程进行模拟,可以直观展现巷道周围裂隙的动态演化过程,图6展示了爆破过程中巷道周围裂隙的演化规律。对于不同的爆破载荷上升时间,巷道周围裂隙分形维数都经历了从急剧增加到缓慢增加的过程,裂隙分形维数最初时刻为1。爆破载荷的上升时间越短,相应的裂隙分形维数急剧增加的时间也就越短。例如,上升时间为10 μs时,裂隙分形维数急剧增加的时间段介于0~6.5 ms之间,裂隙分形维数从1增加到了1.2左右;而上升时间为100 μs时,裂隙分形维数急剧增加的时间点则介于0~10 ms之间,裂隙分形维数从1增加到1.58左右。
爆破载荷上升时间对巷道周围裂隙分形维数的影响如图7所示。随着上升时间从10 μs提高到50 μs,巷道裂隙分形维数在不同时间阶段的变化表现出显著的差异。具体而言,在爆破时间5 ms之前,无论上升时间为10 μs、50 μs还是100 μs,裂隙分形维数的变化趋势相对接近,差异不大。这可能是因为在爆破初期,爆破波的传播还未对巷道周围的裂隙结构产生显著影响,裂隙分形维数的变化尚处于一个相对平稳的状态。然而,在爆破时间超过5 ms后,随着上升时间的不同,裂隙分形维数的变化趋势开始明显分化。另外,从裂隙分形维数最终变化的结果上看,较高的爆破载荷上升时间对于巷道围岩损伤更为不利,爆破时间为30 ms时,上升时间为100 μs的裂隙分形维数达到1.623 6,上升时间为50 μs的裂隙分形维数达到1.599 3,上升时间为10 μs的裂隙分形维数仅为1.310 7。因此,在进行工程施工时,根据爆破设计的需求,可以通过调节上升时间来控制裂隙的扩展模式。短上升时间适合需要快速破坏的情况,而长上升时间则适用于需要更均匀、破坏程度更大的情况。
(1)通过现场监测,爆破振动对邻近巷道的中上部位影响最大,进行爆破作业时,需重点关注该部位围岩的稳定性。
(2)通过数值模拟的方式,对比了不同爆破上升时间对邻近巷道围岩动力响应的影响。结果表明,较短的上升时间会导致爆破波能量集中释放,围岩振动速度峰值较高但衰减迅速;而较长的上升时间则使能量分布更加均匀,振动速度峰值虽较低但持续时间更长,对围岩的累积损伤更为显著。
(3)通过裂隙分形维数的演化规律,揭示了爆破载荷对围岩损伤的阶段性特征。爆破初期,裂隙分形维数急剧增加,随后进入缓慢增长阶段。爆破上升时间越长,裂隙扩展范围越大,分形维数最终值越高,表明长爆破上升时间更易引发围岩大范围损伤,对巷道长期稳定性不利。
(4)通过应力波传播路径与质点峰值振速(PPV)分布规律,对于需快速、高效爆破的工程,可采用短上升时间以集中能量;对于需减少围岩损伤的场景,应控制上升时间并优化装药结构参数,同时结合监测数据动态调整爆破方案,以平衡施工效率与邻近巷道的安全性。

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  • 接收时间:2025-04-16
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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