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To solve the problems of difficult lithium-sodium separation and low product purity in conventional processes, a pilot study on lithium extraction from spent lithium battery black mass was carried out using the sulfation roasting-alkali leaching process, with the innovative introduction of bipolar membrane electrodialysis technology. The pilot study showed that under optimized process conditions (a volume ratio of black mass to concentrated sulfuric acid of 1∶0.65 and roasting at 540 ℃ for 3.5 h), the lithium leaching rate was stably above 99.38%, and 99.65% of the fluorine in the black mass entered the flue gas, resulting in an extremely low fluorine content in the leachate. The nickel-cobalt-manganese residue obtained after alkali leaching was subjected to two-stage countercurrent acid leaching, and the leaching rates of nickel, cobalt, and manganese all exceeded 99.2%, enabling efficient recovery. To address the high sodium content in the alkali leachate, bipolar membrane electrodialysis was employed to convert the purified lithium sulfate solution into a lithium hydroxide solution with a hydroxide ion concentration of 1.38 mol/L and dilute sulfuric acid with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1.48 mol/L. The lithium hydroxide solution was further purified by nanofiltration and evaporation crystallization to prepare a lithium hydroxide product that met battery-grade quality requirements. The process is simple and efficient, with an overall lithium recovery of approximately 97.9%. Preliminary cost estimation shows that the total processing cost per ton of lithium produced by this process is approximately 94 100 yuan, demonstrating both technical feasibility and economic competitiveness and providing a new approach for the comprehensive resource utilization of spent lithium batteries.

, authors=Xiaoxia Yang¹, Ruishan Chen¹, Min Fu¹, Yongji Hu¹, Chen Chen^{2, 3}, authorsList=Xiaoxia Yang, Ruishan Chen, Min Fu, Yongji Hu, Chen Chen, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yongji Hu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321897383403831821, articleId=1321897382925681163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=基于硫酸化焙烧-碱浸工艺的废旧锂电池综合利用技术研究, columnId=1226462297560892399, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=选矿与资源综合利用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决传统工艺锂钠分离困难、产品纯度低的难题，以废旧锂电池回收的电池黑粉料为原料，开展了“硫酸化焙烧-碱浸”提锂工艺的中试研究，并创新性地引入双极膜电渗析技术。中试研究表明，在优化工艺条件（黑粉料与浓酸体积比1∶0.65，540 ℃焙烧3.5 h）下，锂浸出率稳定在99.38%以上，且黑粉料中99.65%的氟进入烟气，浸出液含氟量极低。碱浸后所得镍钴锰渣经二段逆流酸浸，镍、钴、锰的浸出率均大于99.2%，可实现高效回收。针对碱浸液钠含量高的问题，采用双极膜电渗析技术将纯净硫酸锂溶液转化为氢氧根浓度为1.38 mol/L的氢氧化锂溶液和氢离子浓度为1.48 mol/L的稀硫酸。氢氧化锂溶液经纳滤纯化及蒸发结晶，可制备出满足电池级质量要求的氢氧化锂产品。该工艺简洁高效，全流程锂总回收率约为97.9%，经初步成本核算，使用此工艺制备吨锂的总加工成本约为9.41万元，兼具技术可行性与经济竞争力，为废旧锂电池资源化综合利用提供了新思路。

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杨晓霞（1971—），女，甘肃平凉人，高级工程师，长期从事镍钴铜等湿法冶金工艺技术研究与产业化工作。E-mail:yangxiaoxia@jnmc.com

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杨晓霞（1971—），女，甘肃平凉人，高级工程师，长期从事镍钴铜等湿法冶金工艺技术研究与产业化工作。E-mail:yangxiaoxia@jnmc.com

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