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To achieve the efficient exploitation of refractory bismuth-bearing polymetallic ores and the comprehensive recovery of bismuth resources, the technical challenges associated with high-carbon and high-calcium bismuth middlings were addressed, including strong interference from high-carbon and high-calcium gangue, a complex flotation pulp environment, and the inhibition of bismuthinite floatability caused by residual reagents from prior separation stages. An innovative combined impurity removal process of "reagent removal pretreatment-flotation bismuth extraction-acid leaching purification" was proposed. Process mineralogy analysis and bismuth recovery experiments were systematically conducted, and the process parameters were systematically optimized. The research results show that after conditioning with hydrochloric acid and reagent removal treatment with activated carbon, the high-carbon and high-calcium bismuth middlings undergo flotation bismuth extraction using sodium silicate and lime as depressants, butyl xanthate as the collector, and No.2 oil as the frother. Subsequently, acid leaching is performed with hydrochloric acid at a mass concentration of 18% under conditions of a leaching temperature of 30 ℃ and a liquid-solid ratio of 2∶1 for 8 min. Ultimately, a qualified bismuth concentrate with a yield of 17.07%, a bismuth grade of 19.91%, and a bismuth recovery of 74.75% can be obtained. This process precisely overcomes the key technical bottleneck in the recovery of high-carbon and high-calcium bismuth middlings. The reagent removal pretreatment with activated carbon accurately eliminates the inhibitory effect of residual reagents. Subsequently, the flotation process achieves efficient separation and enrichment of bismuth minerals from gangue minerals such as calcium carbonate. Finally, acid leaching realizes the selective removal of residual impurities, thereby significantly enhancing the quality of the bismuth concentrate and ultimately achieving efficient impurity removal and purification of these high-carbon and high-calcium bismuth middlings.

, authors=Daohe Ji^{1, 2}, Shunyuan Xiao³, Pengfei Chen¹, Yuyan Duan³, authorsList=Daohe Ji, Shunyuan Xiao, Pengfei Chen, Yuyan Duan, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321893306586485193, articleId=1321893306091557319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=高碳高钙铋中矿脱药浮铋-酸浸联合提纯工艺研究, columnId=1226462297560892399, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=选矿与资源综合利用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为实现难选含铋多金属矿石的高效开发与铋资源的综合回收，针对高碳高钙铋中矿存在的高碳高钙脉石干扰强烈、矿浆浮选环境复杂、前端分选药剂残留抑制辉铋矿可浮性等技术难题，创新性地提出“脱药预处理-浮选提铋-酸浸提纯”联合除杂工艺，系统开展工艺矿物学分析与铋回收试验研究，并对工艺参数进行系统优化。研究结果表明：高碳高钙型铋中矿经盐酸调浆和活性炭脱药处理后，以水玻璃+石灰为抑制剂、丁基黄药为捕收剂、2^#油为起泡剂进行浮选提铋，再采用质量浓度18%的盐酸，在浸出温度30 ℃、液固比2∶1的条件下浸出8 min，最终获得产率为17.07%、铋品位为19.91%、铋回收率为74.75%的合格铋精矿。此工艺精准破解了高碳高钙铋中矿回收的关键技术瓶颈，通过活性炭脱药预处理精准消除药剂抑制效应，再采用浮选工艺实现铋矿物与碳酸钙等脉石矿物的高效分离与富集，最后通过酸浸实现残留杂质的选择性脱除，从而显著提升铋精矿品质，最终实现了对该高碳高钙铋中矿的高效除杂与提纯。

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纪道河（1986—），男，湖北大冶人，高级工程师，主要从事有色金属选矿技术研究和应用开发工作。E-mail:duan123004@163.com

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纪道河（1986—），男，湖北大冶人，高级工程师，主要从事有色金属选矿技术研究和应用开发工作。E-mail:duan123004@163.com

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