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In order to better monitor the filling morphology effect of goaf, a study on the characterization of grouting filling morphology effect with polarizability as the target was carried out based on resistivity parameters. Seven different kinds of cement were selected and prepared with five different contents of graphite powder. The variation of resistivity and polarizability of cement-based grouting filling materials was analyzed. The electrical characteristics and compressive strength of grouting filling materials under different cement types and ratios were studied, and the application test was carried out. The indoor test results indicate that with the increase of graphite powder conten, the compressive strength decreases, and the polarizability increases. When the ratio of cement to graphite is less than 10:1, the polarizability increases rapidly. In addition to sulphoaluminate cement, the content of graphite powder has little effect on the resistivity of cement-based grouting filling materials. Under the condition that the resistivity difference before and after grouting filling in goaf is not obvious, the visual characterization of filling morphology effect can be realized by polarizability (when the polarizability value of filling material is more than 3 times that of surrounding rock, the characterization effect is obvious). The research finding which is of great significance for broadening the field of grouting geophysical monitoring and improving the monitoring effect.

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为更好地监测采空区充填形态效果,在电阻率参数的基础上,以极化率为目标开展注浆充填形态效果表征研究。选取7种不同类型水泥并配备5种不同石墨粉掺量,分析水泥基注浆充填材料电阻率、极化率的变化规律,研究了不同水泥类型和配比下注浆充填材料的电学特征及抗压强度,并进行应用试验验证。室内测试结果表明:试件的抗压强度随石墨粉掺量的增加而降低;极化率随石墨粉掺量的增加而升高,当水泥与石墨的比例小于10:1后,极化率快速增长;除硫铝酸盐水泥外,石墨粉掺量对水泥基注浆充填材料电阻率的影响较小。在采空区注浆充填前后电阻率差异不明显的情况下,可以通过极化率实现充填形态效果的可视化表征(充填材料极化率值大于围岩3倍以上时,表征效果明显)。研究成果对于拓宽注浆物探监测领域、提升监测效果具有重要意义。

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王向鹏(1987一),男,陕西蓝田人,博士,副教授,主要从事勘探地球物理方法及应用研究工作。E-mail:
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宋洋(1982一),男,吉林长春人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事灾害应急处置研究。E-mail:

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宋洋(1982一),男,吉林长春人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事灾害应急处置研究。E-mail:

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宋洋(1982一),男,吉林长春人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事灾害应急处置研究。E-mail:

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Physical properties indexes of 7 types of cement

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水泥种类主要成分(除硅酸盐之外)初凝时间/min终凝时间/min
普通硅酸盐水泥矿渣(4.0%)、石灰石(7%)≥45≤600
铝酸盐水泥Al2O3(43.6%)、CaO(33.5%)≥60≤600
硫铝酸盐水泥硬石膏(16%)、石灰石(18%)≥60≤600
复合硅酸盐水泥火山灰(7.5%)、石灰石(17%)≥45≤600
粉煤灰水泥粉煤灰(38.0%)、柠檬酸渣(5.0%)≥60≤600
火山灰水泥火山灰(10.4%)、石灰石(27.2%)≥60≤600
矿渣水泥MgO(3.27%)、SO3(2.32%)≥60≤600
), ArticleFig(id=1226462312865902918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462303479050689, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

7种水泥的物性指标

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水泥种类主要成分(除硅酸盐之外)初凝时间/min终凝时间/min
普通硅酸盐水泥矿渣(4.0%)、石灰石(7%)≥45≤600
铝酸盐水泥Al2O3(43.6%)、CaO(33.5%)≥60≤600
硫铝酸盐水泥硬石膏(16%)、石灰石(18%)≥60≤600
复合硅酸盐水泥火山灰(7.5%)、石灰石(17%)≥45≤600
粉煤灰水泥粉煤灰(38.0%)、柠檬酸渣(5.0%)≥60≤600
火山灰水泥火山灰(10.4%)、石灰石(27.2%)≥60≤600
矿渣水泥MgO(3.27%)、SO3(2.32%)≥60≤600
), ArticleFig(id=1226462312983343438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462303479050689, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mixing ratio of different types of cement and graphite

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水泥类型配比(水泥:石墨:水)
纯水泥水泥:石墨为20∶1水泥:石墨为10∶1水泥:石墨为5∶1水泥:石墨为3∶1
铝酸盐水泥(A)0.4∶/∶0.140.4∶0.02∶0.140.35∶0.035∶0.150.36∶0.072∶0.190.3∶0.1∶0.22
硫铝酸盐水泥(B)0.4∶/∶0.140.4∶0.02∶0.140.35∶0.035∶0.150.36∶0.072∶0.190.3∶0.1∶0.22
复合硅酸盐水泥(C)0.4∶/∶0.140.4∶0.02∶0.140.35∶0.035∶0.150.36∶0.072∶0.190.3∶0.1∶0.22
普通硅酸盐水泥(D)0.4∶/∶0.140.4∶0.02∶0.140.35∶0.035∶0.150.36∶0.072∶0.190.3∶0.1∶0.22
粉煤灰水泥(E)0.4∶/∶0.140.4∶0.02∶0.140.35∶0.035∶0.150.36∶0.072∶0.190.3∶0.1∶0.22
火山灰水泥(F)0.4∶/∶0.140.4∶0.02∶0.140.35∶0.035∶0.150.36∶0.072∶0.190.3∶0.1∶0.22
矿渣水泥(G)0.4∶/∶0.140.4∶0.02∶0.140.35∶0.035∶0.150.36∶0.072∶0.190.3∶0.1∶0.22
), ArticleFig(id=1226462313130144088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462303479050689, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同种类水泥与石墨配比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水泥类型配比(水泥:石墨:水)
纯水泥水泥:石墨为20∶1水泥:石墨为10∶1水泥:石墨为5∶1水泥:石墨为3∶1
铝酸盐水泥(A)0.4∶/∶0.140.4∶0.02∶0.140.35∶0.035∶0.150.36∶0.072∶0.190.3∶0.1∶0.22
硫铝酸盐水泥(B)0.4∶/∶0.140.4∶0.02∶0.140.35∶0.035∶0.150.36∶0.072∶0.190.3∶0.1∶0.22
复合硅酸盐水泥(C)0.4∶/∶0.140.4∶0.02∶0.140.35∶0.035∶0.150.36∶0.072∶0.190.3∶0.1∶0.22
普通硅酸盐水泥(D)0.4∶/∶0.140.4∶0.02∶0.140.35∶0.035∶0.150.36∶0.072∶0.190.3∶0.1∶0.22
粉煤灰水泥(E)0.4∶/∶0.140.4∶0.02∶0.140.35∶0.035∶0.150.36∶0.072∶0.190.3∶0.1∶0.22
火山灰水泥(F)0.4∶/∶0.140.4∶0.02∶0.140.35∶0.035∶0.150.36∶0.072∶0.190.3∶0.1∶0.22
矿渣水泥(G)0.4∶/∶0.140.4∶0.02∶0.140.35∶0.035∶0.150.36∶0.072∶0.190.3∶0.1∶0.22
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基于极化率参数表征注浆充填形态效果的试验研究
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宋洋 1 , 王向鹏 2, 3 , 王堃鹏 2 , 姚磊钧 1 , 李论 4 , 安新 1 , 王珂 5
矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025,45(10): 95-101
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矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025, 45(10): 95-101
基于极化率参数表征注浆充填形态效果的试验研究
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宋洋1 , 王向鹏2, 3 , 王堃鹏2, 姚磊钧1, 李论4, 安新1, 王珂5
作者信息
  • 1.中国安能集团第三工程局有限公司,四川 成都 610036
  • 2.成都理工大学 地球勘探与信息技术教育部重点实验室,四川 成都 610059
  • 3.陕西千骏捷建筑工程有限公司,陕西 咸阳市 713699
  • 4.中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司,陕西 西安 710077
  • 5.成都理工博大工程科技有限公司,四川 成都 610059
  • 宋洋(1982一),男,吉林长春人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事灾害应急处置研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

王向鹏(1987一),男,陕西蓝田人,博士,副教授,主要从事勘探地球物理方法及应用研究工作。E-mail:
Experimental Study on Characterizing the Effect of Grouting Filling Morphology Based on Polarizability Parameters
Yang SONG1 , Xiangpeng WANG2, 3 , Kunpeng WANG2, Leijun YAO1, Lun LI4, Xin AN1, Ke WANG5
Affiliations
  • 1.China Anergy Group Third Engineering Bureau Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Earth Exploration and Information Techniques of Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
  • 3.Shaanxi Qianjunjie Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., Xianyang, Shaanxi 713699, China
  • 4.CCTEG Xi'an Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, China
  • 5.Chengdu Science and Technology Boda Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25
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为更好地监测采空区充填形态效果,在电阻率参数的基础上,以极化率为目标开展注浆充填形态效果表征研究。选取7种不同类型水泥并配备5种不同石墨粉掺量,分析水泥基注浆充填材料电阻率、极化率的变化规律,研究了不同水泥类型和配比下注浆充填材料的电学特征及抗压强度,并进行应用试验验证。室内测试结果表明:试件的抗压强度随石墨粉掺量的增加而降低;极化率随石墨粉掺量的增加而升高,当水泥与石墨的比例小于10:1后,极化率快速增长;除硫铝酸盐水泥外,石墨粉掺量对水泥基注浆充填材料电阻率的影响较小。在采空区注浆充填前后电阻率差异不明显的情况下,可以通过极化率实现充填形态效果的可视化表征(充填材料极化率值大于围岩3倍以上时,表征效果明显)。研究成果对于拓宽注浆物探监测领域、提升监测效果具有重要意义。

注浆充填  /  极化率  /  电阻率  /  抗压强度

In order to better monitor the filling morphology effect of goaf, a study on the characterization of grouting filling morphology effect with polarizability as the target was carried out based on resistivity parameters. Seven different kinds of cement were selected and prepared with five different contents of graphite powder. The variation of resistivity and polarizability of cement-based grouting filling materials was analyzed. The electrical characteristics and compressive strength of grouting filling materials under different cement types and ratios were studied, and the application test was carried out. The indoor test results indicate that with the increase of graphite powder conten, the compressive strength decreases, and the polarizability increases. When the ratio of cement to graphite is less than 10:1, the polarizability increases rapidly. In addition to sulphoaluminate cement, the content of graphite powder has little effect on the resistivity of cement-based grouting filling materials. Under the condition that the resistivity difference before and after grouting filling in goaf is not obvious, the visual characterization of filling morphology effect can be realized by polarizability (when the polarizability value of filling material is more than 3 times that of surrounding rock, the characterization effect is obvious). The research finding which is of great significance for broadening the field of grouting geophysical monitoring and improving the monitoring effect.

Grouting filling  /  Polarizability  /  Resistivity  /  Compressive strength
宋洋, 王向鹏, 王堃鹏, 姚磊钧, 李论, 安新, 王珂. 基于极化率参数表征注浆充填形态效果的试验研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (10) : 95 -101 .
Yang SONG, Xiangpeng WANG, Kunpeng WANG, Leijun YAO, Lun LI, Xin AN, Ke WANG. Experimental Study on Characterizing the Effect of Grouting Filling Morphology Based on Polarizability Parameters[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (10) : 95 -101 .
矿山开采形成的采空区会引发地面塌陷、不均匀沉降等地质灾害[1-2],为保障环境安全和区域开发利用,需对采空区进行充填加固处理。注浆充填是一种通过物理或化学方法将胶结性能材料配制成浆液,再利用注浆泵或其他手段将浆液注入到地下空间,以实现填充加固的主流技术[3-4]。注浆充填形态效果的好坏往往与材料性能直接相关,而材料在地下空间的扩散情况极大影响了充填形态效果,目前最常用的注浆充填材料有化学注浆材料和水泥基注浆材料两类[5]。水泥基注浆材料具有成本较低、原料广泛、制备方便等特点,且可以通过添加外加剂、矿物掺合料等提高其流动性、可注性、渗透性、结石体强度等,如何有效评价水泥基注浆材料的充填形态效果也是近些年的研究热点之一[6-10]
近年来,国内外许多学者在水泥基注浆材料中加入外加剂,研究复合材料的电阻率特性,LEE Dongsoo等[11]利用时域反射法对水泥浆体和水泥基-泥混合料的电学特性进行综合分析,结果表明,养护时间、水灰比和水固比变化会引起水泥浆体和水泥基-泥混合料的介电常数和电阻率发生变化,这一过程可通过宏观参数进行表征。MOBILI Alessandra等[12]发现在水泥中加入气化炭和再生碳纤维可以使复合材料电阻率下降,且不影响复合材料的力学性能。廖宜顺等[13]在水泥中掺入不同量的粉煤灰,结果表明,当粉煤灰掺量分别为0、20%和40%时,水泥浆体的电阻率变化曲线会交叉,在交点之前,随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,浆体的电阻率上升;而在交点之后,随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,浆体的电阻率则下降。廖国胜等[14]以硅酸盐水泥为例,研究了水泥基注浆材料中添加矿粉或粉煤灰后,在不同稠度条件下,水泥基注浆材料在水化过程中电阻率及水化产物的变化情况。张刚艳[15]绘制了高掺量粉煤灰水泥注浆材料的典型电阻率曲线,研究了电阻率与浆液性能的关系。姜春萌等[16]利用电阻率对低热水泥基注浆材料水化热、抗压强度进行表征,为低热水泥基注浆材料的热学性能与力学性能预测提供了新思路。甘志超[17]开展了采空区注浆材料电阻率随水固比和龄期变化的研究,发现可以通过宏观电阻率测量评估采空区回填材料的水化反应。王超等[18]开展了煤矿膏体充填材料电阻率试验研究,通过选取4种不同成分水泥,分析了水泥类型和水灰比对电阻率的影响。YIN Weisong等[19]通过添加不同类型的添加剂对水泥基注浆材料进行改性,发现硅灰的添加有助于提高砂浆的绝缘性和延迟电响应,而粉煤灰的加入则有利于降低水泥基注浆材料的电阻率,并激活其力电响应。上述研究通过电阻率参数推动了水泥基注浆材料实验室性能的研究和对水化反应、充填形态效果的探讨,但目前研究仍存在3个方面的不足:针对不同水泥种类及其外加剂对电阻率的影响分析较少;针对极化率的影响研究鲜有报道;通过电阻率、极化率表征注浆充填形态效果的研究仍处于试验分析阶段。
本文从满足工程材料强度要求和充填形态效果评估出发,以电阻率、极化率、抗压强度入手,选取7种类型水泥,分别加入5种不同掺量的石墨粉,共浇筑了140个试件进行室内测试和注浆充填试验研究。通过室内测量试件的电阻率、极化率与抗压强度,探究不同种类和不同配比水泥基注浆材料的电学性能和力学性能,得出水泥类型和石墨粉掺量对材料电阻率、极化率及抗压强度的影响规律。以水泥基注浆材料极化率参数进行注浆充填形态效果表征试验研究为目标,对比视电阻率表征结果,分析以极化率参数表征注浆充填形态效果的优势及不足,为复杂地层条件及围岩与充填物电阻率差异较小条件下的注浆充填形态评估提供一条新路径。
(1)水泥。室内测试选取来自不同厂家的7种常用水泥作为水泥基注浆充填材料的基材,7种水泥的性能参数见表1
(2)石墨粉。石墨具有导电性良好、热稳定性好、润滑性好、极化效果突出等特点,是一种友好的添加剂材料。因水泥基材料本身极化效应微弱,不利于在富水岩层及采空区与围岩物性差异小的情况下进行充填形态效果监测,因此在不影响水泥基注浆充填材料工作性能的前提下,通过添加石墨粉进行成像测量试验。此次室内测试所用石墨粉为超细柔性胶体石墨,粒径2 500 μm,固定含碳量98%。
(3)水。室内测试所用水均为自来水,为了保证试验的一致性,在室内测试和场地试验中使用同一处自来水。
为研究不同水泥种类和石墨粉掺量对水泥基注浆充填材料电阻率和极化率参数的影响,在水泥样品中添加不同质量分数(水泥:石墨分别为20:1, 10:1, 5:1, 3:1)的石墨进行室内测试。分析不同种类水泥、不同配比(水泥:石墨:水)条件下,注浆充填材料的电学性能变化和抗压强度特征,以期通过宏观电阻率和极化率测量实现对注浆过程更合理的监测和对注浆充填形态效果更科学的评估。因注浆充填材料的流动性是浆液扩散的重要指标,在最初的配比设计中,通过改变水灰比(水与水泥+石墨的质量比)保持注浆充填材料具有相同的流动性,具体配比见表2
试验样品的配制过程如下:
(1)准备好140个模具、140个材料放置器皿、电子秤、水容器,室内测试所需的7种水泥和石墨粉;
(2)根据表2不同种类水泥与石墨配比(质量比)称取各组分,加入事先准备好的器皿中;
(3)将每个器皿中的样品搅拌约1 min,保证均匀,再加入水进行充分搅拌;
(4)料浆拌均匀后,注入半径2.5 cm、高10 cm的圆柱体模具中,室内放置1 d后脱模,标准养护28 d后备用。
决定材料电阻率和极化率性能的主要因素之一是其电化学性质和成分。二者的定义如下:注浆充填材料的电阻率是指注浆充填材料对电流流动的阻碍程度,是衡量注浆充填材料导电性能的一个重要指标;注浆充填材料的极化率是用来表征注浆充填材料激发极化效应强弱的一个物理量,反映了离子浓度等性质。
电阻率是外作用电流场的一次特征体现,极化率是二次场的表征。在外加电流场、磁场或激发场源作用下,具有不同电化学性质和成分的注浆充填材料,由于受电流场作用将产生随时间变化的二次电场(激发极化场),这种注浆充填材料的物理化学作用称为具有激发极化效应。可通过测量其总电场与二次场,直接分析试验试件极化率的变化情况来研究配比及水泥本身成分中各个因素对试验所述注浆充填材料激发极化效应的影响。
本次室内测试试件的电阻率和极化率参数直接使用多功能IP(Induced polarization)测量仪进行测量,140个样品在室内养护28 d后,按照设备操作规范进行极化率和电阻率值测量。极化率值由时间域的积分公式求出:
式中:Ma表示试验样品的极化率值,‰;Vp表示测量的一次场电压,V;t1t2分别表示测量的时间,s;V(t)表示测量时间段内随时间变化的二次电场,V。
电阻率值由公式(2)求出:
式中:ρ为电阻率值,Ω·m;R为电阻,Ω;L为样品的长度,m;S为横截面积,m2
140个试验样品按照《工程岩体试验方法标准》(GB/T 50266—2013)规范进行实验室力学性能测试,每种配比取4个样品测试其抗压强度,最后取平均值作为参考值。
石墨粉掺量对试件极化率的影响主要体现在两个方面:一是未加入石墨粉的纯水泥试件主要是通过导电粒子在水化反应过程中,于人工电场作用下产生二次电场,从而使材料产生激发极化效应;二是水化反应过程和掺入石墨粉带入的带电离子、电荷的重新分配产生的二次电场,从而使材料产生激发极化效应。因此,对于加入石墨粉的注浆充填材料,其自身的极化率和石墨粉掺量对基材的电化学影响,二者共同决定宏观极化效应的强度。
7种水泥基注浆材料在不同配比下的极化率如图1所示。
图1可知,水泥-石墨粉注浆充填材料的极化率随石墨粉掺量的增加总体呈上升趋势,且当水泥与石墨的比例小于10∶1后,极化率值快速增长;当水泥与石墨比例大于10∶1时,极化率值变化相对平缓;火山灰水泥基充填注浆材料从纯水泥到水泥与石墨比例为10∶1之间时,极化率值出现先增加后减小的现象。复合硅酸盐水泥、铝酸盐水泥和硫铝酸盐水泥3种水泥基材料在水泥与石墨比例从5∶1变化到3∶1过程中的极化率值出现陡增;粉煤灰水泥基材料在同比例石墨粉掺量情况下,总体极化率值高于其他6种水泥,可以作为今后研究可视化注浆充填材料的重点。室内测试结果表明,石墨粉具有优秀的导电性能,石墨粉的加入使充填材料电离子数量增加,注浆充填材料的导电性能增加,激发极化效应更加剧烈,导致极化率值增加。因此,可以根据注浆充填检测的需求,选择合适的配比进行注浆充填过程非开挖示踪成像检测。
7种水泥基注浆材料在不同配比下的电阻率如图2所示。
图2可知,随着石墨掺量的增加,水泥-石墨注浆充填材料的电阻率值总体呈下降趋势。硫铝酸盐水泥在石墨粉掺量低时电阻率极大,铝酸盐水泥次之,但总体电阻率远高于其他5种水泥,可能是由于这两种水泥的主要成分粒径比其他5种水泥的主要成分粒径更大,难以形成相互连通的导电网络。当水泥与石墨比例为纯水泥至10∶1之间时,除了硫铝酸盐水泥外,其他6种水泥的电阻率值变化相对平缓,随着石墨粉掺量的增大,电阻率值有了明显的下降,这是因为石墨作为良好的导电材料,当达到一定掺量后,材料会有多种导电离子融入,导致整体的电阻率值下降。
7种水泥基注浆材料在不同配比下的抗压强度如图3所示。
图3可知,随着石墨含量的增加,注浆充填材料的抗压强度呈下降趋势,且在相同配比条件下,硫铝酸盐水泥和矿渣水泥基注浆充填材料的抗压强度高于其他5种水泥。矿渣水泥和铝酸盐水泥基注浆充填材料在水泥与石墨粉比例为纯水泥至10∶1之间时,抗压强度变化相对平缓;当水泥与石墨比例从10∶1变化到3∶1时,抗压强度快速降低。火山灰水泥和硫铝酸盐水泥基注浆充填材料在水泥与石墨比例为纯水泥至10∶1之间时,抗压强度降低幅度较大;水泥与石墨比例从10∶1变化到3∶1时,抗压强度变化相对平缓。复合硅酸盐水泥、粉煤灰水泥和火山灰水泥基注浆充填材料随石墨粉掺量的增加,抗压强度呈线性减小。这是因为随着石墨粉掺量增加,注浆充填材料的胶结性变弱,内部结构有更多的缺陷,在受到外力作用后更容易遭到破坏,导致单轴抗压强度下降。同时,水灰比的变化也影响着充填材料的强度,在石墨粉掺量增加的同时,水的掺量也在增加,最终在石墨粉掺量增加和水灰比的共同作用下,抗压强度下降。
通过室内测试分析了试件的电阻率、极化率和抗压强度随水泥种类、石墨粉掺量的变化情况,明确了在满足水泥基注浆充填材料工作性能强度要求的前提下,可以通过对水泥基充填材料添加示踪剂实现注浆充填形态效果的监测。基于室内测试,在某工程现场进行应用测试,模拟采空区情况,在鹅卵石富集地层进行充填材料预注浆充填,测量注浆充填前后及充填过程中电阻率、极化率的变化情况(本次试验中,电阻率和极化率的测量设备为N2高密度电法仪)。
在施工现场预先选择一块空地,且保证远离高压电等供电设施,以免影响试验的科学性和可靠性。考虑经济性和可推广性,选择了矿渣水泥进行应用测试。首先,通过N2高密度电法仪对场地的背景视电阻率、极化率进行测量,连续测量3次取平均值,以形成对比数据。其次,根据室内测试结果选取水泥与石墨粉比例为3∶1作为标准材料,通过小型注浆设备模拟采空区注浆充填过程。最后,注浆充填完24 h后在相同位置布置电极进行效果评估测量,注浆充填前后极化率参数可视化对比如图4所示(红色部分,颜色标识见电子版,下同),视电阻率参数可视化对比如图5所示(深蓝色部分)。
应用试验结果表明,使用本次试验研究的注浆充填材料,其极化率参数可以很好地显示注浆充填后浆液在地下空间的分布情况,而视电阻率参数对注浆充填后浆液在地下空间的分布情况反映效果较差。另外,注浆充填面积越大,测量效果越好,充填材料极化率值大于围岩3倍以上时表征效果明显,可以通过控制测量电极的极距和测线长度反演地下不同深度的注浆充填形态效果。
(1)随着石墨粉掺量的增加,室内测试所用7种水泥基注浆充填材料的极化率均增高、电阻率均减小、抗压强度均降低,且水泥与石墨的比例在纯水泥至10∶1之间时,硫铝酸盐水泥和铝酸盐水泥基注浆充填材料的电阻率值远高于其他5种水泥。
(2)从室内测试结果可以得出,水泥与石墨的比例在10∶1时是一个转折点,可以作为工程应用的配比参考。在10∶1至3∶1之间时,宏观上7种水泥基注浆充填材料的抗压强度和电阻率均与石墨粉掺量成负相关,而极化率与石墨粉掺量成正相关。
(3)应用试验结果表明,对于注浆充填形态效果,以视电阻率为依据无法有效表征地质情况,可通过极化率参数来表征,充填材料极化率值大于围岩3倍以上时表征效果明显。对于金属矿山、岩溶发育区等场地,以矿渣为基材,从本研究所提出的激电效应出发,将富含金属离子的矿渣作为充填材料进行注浆形态效果成像监测/检测研究将是一个新路径。
(4)目前室内测试和应用试验研究所用材料仅添加了石墨粉,价格昂贵,普适性差。后期将以矿渣等作为添加成分进行室内测试、试验研究。此次研究在固废资源化利用和拓宽注浆充填形态效果物探监测领域具有重要意义。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(42004057)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB3905004)
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2025年第45卷第10期
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  • 接收时间:2024-10-18
  • 首发时间:2026-02-06
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-18
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42004057)
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB3905004)
作者信息
    1.中国安能集团第三工程局有限公司,四川 成都 610036
    2.成都理工大学 地球勘探与信息技术教育部重点实验室,四川 成都 610059
    3.陕西千骏捷建筑工程有限公司,陕西 咸阳市 713699
    4.中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司,陕西 西安 710077
    5.成都理工博大工程科技有限公司,四川 成都 610059

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王向鹏(1987一),男,陕西蓝田人,博士,副教授,主要从事勘探地球物理方法及应用研究工作。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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