Article(id=1226462299427352752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1226462293408531329, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730390400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770340998751, onlineDateStr=2026-02-06, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770340998751, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770340998751, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770340998751, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226462293408531329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770340997315, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770341205851, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226463168155792201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1226462293408531329, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226463168155792202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1226462293408531329, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=121, endPage=128, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226462299729342661, articleId=1226462299427352752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Prediction of Mining Area Blasting Vibration Based on I-GWO-BP Neural Network, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the problem of low prediction accuracy of existing blasting vibration velocity prediction formulas in complex ground environments, a BP neural network model based on improved grey wolf optimization (I-GWO) Algorithm was proposed. The grey wolf algorithm was improved by changing the convergence factor function of the neural network to enhance optimization accuracy, initializing the wolf pack position through chaotic mapping to accelerate solution speed, and dynamically adjusting weights based on step size Euclidean distance to improve optimization efficiency. Based on the monitoring data of blasting vibration velocity at the Lilou-Wuji Iron Mine, the I-GWO-BP model was established by selecting the blast center distance, the maximum single-stage charge amount, and total charge amount as input parameters. The results show that the convergence speed and accuracy of the I-GWO-BP model are better than those of the GWO-BP model and BP model, and the optimization effect is significant. The predicted values of the I-GWO-BP model are basically within the confidence band of the measured values ±0.08 cm/s, with an average absolute percentage error of 13.84%. Its prediction performance is significantly better than other prediction methods, and its prediction accuracy is high. The research results can provide some reference for predicting the blasting vibration velocity in mines.

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针对现有爆破振动速度预测公式在面对复杂地场环境时预测精度不高的问题,提出一种基于改进灰狼优化算法(I-GWO)的BP神经网络模型。通过改变神经网络收敛因子函数加强导优精度,混沌映射初始化狼群位置加快求解速度,基于步长欧式距离的比例权重动态调整权重、提升寻优效率来改进灰狼算法。结合李楼-吴集铁矿爆破振动速度监测数据,选取爆心距、最大单段装药量、总装药量作为输入参数建立I-GWO-BP模型。结果表明:I-GWO-BP模型的收敛速度以及收敛精度要优于GWO-BP模型及BP模型,优化效果明显;I-GWO-BP模型的预测值基本处于实测值±0.08 cm/s置信带内,平均绝对百分比误差为13.84%,预测效果显著优于其他预测方法,具有较高的预测精度。研究成果可为矿山的爆破振动速度预测提供一定的参考。

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龚永超(1989一),男,湖南娄底人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事采矿工艺及采矿方法研究。E-mail:
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徐敏(1990一),男,湖北黄冈人,工程师,主要从事金属矿山采矿工程技术管理工作。E-mail:

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徐敏(1990一),男,湖北黄冈人,工程师,主要从事金属矿山采矿工程技术管理工作。E-mail:

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徐敏(1990一),男,湖北黄冈人,工程师,主要从事金属矿山采矿工程技术管理工作。E-mail:

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Coal Science and Technology, 2018, 46(9):133-139., articleTitle=Prediction on characteristic parameters of blasting vibration based genetic BP neural network in coal mine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462318251389617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462299427352752, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=191, pageEnd=198, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=29, authorNames=陈家豪, 张燕, 杜明芳, journalName=金属矿山, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈家豪,张燕,杜明芳,等.基于优化极限学习机模型的边坡稳定性预测研究[J].金属矿山2024(6):191-198., articleTitle=基于优化极限学习机模型的边坡稳定性预测研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462318347858613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462299427352752, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=191, pageEnd=198, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=30, authorNames=CHEN Jiahao, ZHANG Yan, DU Mingfang, journalName=Metal Mine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Jiahao, ZHANG Yan, DU Mingfang. 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Advances in Engineering Software, 2014, 69:46-61., articleTitle=Grey wolf optimizer, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1226462315109855692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462299427352752, awardId=2023YFC2907202; 2023YFC2907404, language=CN, fundingSource=“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC2907202; 2023YFC2907404), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226462306813522684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462299427352752, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462306830299903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462299427352752, companyId=1226462306813522684, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Anhui Development Mining Co., Ltd., Lu’an, Anhui 237474, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462306847077122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, 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articleId=1226462299427352752, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=The average absolute percentage error of each prediction method, figureFileSmall=+7yPCx9EmkS9nMPcZm0/0g==, figureFileBig=UYBHLAt2bMnidBOJqM8Ezg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462314564596140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462299427352752, language=CN, label=图10, caption=各预测方法平均绝对百分比误差, figureFileSmall=+7yPCx9EmkS9nMPcZm0/0g==, figureFileBig=UYBHLAt2bMnidBOJqM8Ezg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462314665259441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462299427352752, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Training set data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号爆心距/m最大单段装药量/kg总装药量/kg爆破振动速度/(cm/s)
1295.9222.52 2500.551 1
2266.5177.53 0001.462 5
3321.5260.01 6250.556 5
4266.5177.52 2550.517 4
5296.2240.02 8001.190 0
……
76264.5175.02 0001.024 0
77321.5247.51 6250.624 2
78321.0245.01 8750.606 7
79293.9240.02 8000.531 3
80264.5175.02 0001.023 4
), ArticleFig(id=1226462314816254394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462299427352752, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

训练集数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号爆心距/m最大单段装药量/kg总装药量/kg爆破振动速度/(cm/s)
1295.9222.52 2500.551 1
2266.5177.53 0001.462 5
3321.5260.01 6250.556 5
4266.5177.52 2550.517 4
5296.2240.02 8001.190 0
……
76264.5175.02 0001.024 0
77321.5247.51 6250.624 2
78321.0245.01 8750.606 7
79293.9240.02 8000.531 3
80264.5175.02 0001.023 4
), ArticleFig(id=1226462314916917699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462299427352752, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Test set data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号爆心距/m最大单段装药量/kg总装药量/kg爆破振动速度/(cm/s)
1269.5177.53 0000.786 1
2276.6177.52 2550.615 3
3289.7175.02 0000.670 3
4357.8245.01 8750.551 6
5330.3175.02 0000.698 6
6351.2247.51 6250.788 1
7346.7112.52 7500.115 5
8346.7115.03 5000.112 1
9389.5133.84 7000.196 9
10434.2133.84 7000.182 6
), ArticleFig(id=1226462315013386693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462299427352752, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

测试集数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号爆心距/m最大单段装药量/kg总装药量/kg爆破振动速度/(cm/s)
1269.5177.53 0000.786 1
2276.6177.52 2550.615 3
3289.7175.02 0000.670 3
4357.8245.01 8750.551 6
5330.3175.02 0000.698 6
6351.2247.51 6250.788 1
7346.7112.52 7500.115 5
8346.7115.03 5000.112 1
9389.5133.84 7000.196 9
10434.2133.84 7000.182 6
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基于I-GWO-BP神经网络的矿区爆破振动预测
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徐敏 1 , 林卫星 2 , 石磊 1 , 欧任泽 2 , 于振建 1 , 龚永超 2 , 胡力可 3 , 胡军生 4
矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025,45(10): 121-128
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矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025, 45(10): 121-128
基于I-GWO-BP神经网络的矿区爆破振动预测
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徐敏1 , 林卫星2, 石磊1, 欧任泽2, 于振建1, 龚永超2 , 胡力可3, 胡军生4
作者信息
  • 1.安徽开发矿业有限公司,安徽 六安市 237474
  • 2.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
  • 3.五矿矿业控股有限公司,安徽 合肥 230091
  • 4.鞍山五矿陈台沟矿业有限公司,辽宁 鞍山市 114051
  • 徐敏(1990一),男,湖北黄冈人,工程师,主要从事金属矿山采矿工程技术管理工作。E-mail:

通讯作者:

龚永超(1989一),男,湖南娄底人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事采矿工艺及采矿方法研究。E-mail:
Prediction of Mining Area Blasting Vibration Based on I-GWO-BP Neural Network
Min XU1 , Weixing LIN2, Lei SHI1, Renze OU2, Zhenjian YU1, Yongchao GONG2 , Like HU3, Junsheng HU4
Affiliations
  • 1.Anhui Development Mining Co., Ltd., Lu’an, Anhui 237474, China
  • 2.Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
  • 3.Minmetals Mining Holdings Limited, Hefei, Anhui 230091, China
  • 4.Anshan Chentaigou Mining Co., Ltd., China Minmetals Corporation, Anshan, Liaoning 114051, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25
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针对现有爆破振动速度预测公式在面对复杂地场环境时预测精度不高的问题,提出一种基于改进灰狼优化算法(I-GWO)的BP神经网络模型。通过改变神经网络收敛因子函数加强导优精度,混沌映射初始化狼群位置加快求解速度,基于步长欧式距离的比例权重动态调整权重、提升寻优效率来改进灰狼算法。结合李楼-吴集铁矿爆破振动速度监测数据,选取爆心距、最大单段装药量、总装药量作为输入参数建立I-GWO-BP模型。结果表明:I-GWO-BP模型的收敛速度以及收敛精度要优于GWO-BP模型及BP模型,优化效果明显;I-GWO-BP模型的预测值基本处于实测值±0.08 cm/s置信带内,平均绝对百分比误差为13.84%,预测效果显著优于其他预测方法,具有较高的预测精度。研究成果可为矿山的爆破振动速度预测提供一定的参考。

爆破振动速度  /  BP神经网络  /  改进灰狼优化算法  /  预测模型  /  预测精度

Aiming at the problem of low prediction accuracy of existing blasting vibration velocity prediction formulas in complex ground environments, a BP neural network model based on improved grey wolf optimization (I-GWO) Algorithm was proposed. The grey wolf algorithm was improved by changing the convergence factor function of the neural network to enhance optimization accuracy, initializing the wolf pack position through chaotic mapping to accelerate solution speed, and dynamically adjusting weights based on step size Euclidean distance to improve optimization efficiency. Based on the monitoring data of blasting vibration velocity at the Lilou-Wuji Iron Mine, the I-GWO-BP model was established by selecting the blast center distance, the maximum single-stage charge amount, and total charge amount as input parameters. The results show that the convergence speed and accuracy of the I-GWO-BP model are better than those of the GWO-BP model and BP model, and the optimization effect is significant. The predicted values of the I-GWO-BP model are basically within the confidence band of the measured values ±0.08 cm/s, with an average absolute percentage error of 13.84%. Its prediction performance is significantly better than other prediction methods, and its prediction accuracy is high. The research results can provide some reference for predicting the blasting vibration velocity in mines.

Blasting vibration velocity  /  BP neural network  /  Improved grey wolf optimization algorithm  /  Predictive model  /  Prediction accuracy
徐敏, 林卫星, 石磊, 欧任泽, 于振建, 龚永超, 胡力可, 胡军生. 基于I-GWO-BP神经网络的矿区爆破振动预测. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (10) : 121 -128 .
Min XU, Weixing LIN, Lei SHI, Renze OU, Zhenjian YU, Yongchao GONG, Like HU, Junsheng HU. Prediction of Mining Area Blasting Vibration Based on I-GWO-BP Neural Network[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (10) : 121 -128 .
钻爆法因其具有经济、高效、灵活等特点而被广泛应用于矿山生产[1],伴随其优点而来的还有爆破振动对周围环境的危害。爆破振动以应力波的形式在岩土体中传播,当振动速度超过岩土体的承载负荷,就会损伤岩土体的完整性及承载能力,对矿区地下结构及地表建筑安全性造成严重威胁[2]。而爆破振动受到场地条件、爆破参数等多种因素综合影响,其大小及其分布具有随机性和不确定性[3]。因此,科学预测爆破振动大小及分布对保障矿山安全开采具有重要意义。
现有国内外普遍使用的爆破振动预测方法是通过回归分析得到爆破振动速度与爆心距及装药量之间的经验公式,如萨道夫斯基方程、美国矿务局公式等。研究发现,爆破峰值振动速度与爆心至测点的高程相关,爆破振动峰值速度往往随高程的增加而增大[4]。我国众多学者也考虑高程效应的影响,对经验公式进行了修正[5-6]。爆破振动受多种因素综合影响,且传播介质岩土体为非均质材料,现有的爆破预测手段为保证预测准确性,往往高度依赖场地系数,缺乏普适性。
近年来,机器学习因其对非线性关系具有强大的处理能力,被学者们广泛应用到采矿工程领域,为爆破振动速度预测提供了新思路[7]。目前运用机器学习预测爆破振动速度的方法有:支持向量机学习(SVM)、BP神经网络、极限学习机(ELM)、遗传算法(GA)等,众多学者将计算机技术与统计学分析手段相结合以达到更好的预测精度[8-17]。上述算法在处理过拟合优化问题、局部最优及预测精度方面存在一定的不足,为此,引入由MIRJALILI等[18]提出的基于群体智能(SI)的灰狼优化(GWO)算法对BP神经网络进行优化。SI算法在搜索过程中能够保留解空间的信息并记忆最优解,通过群体中的个体协同作用来帮助算法寻找最优解。为进一步提升性能,本文对灰狼算法加以改进,通过混沌映射初始化灰狼位置以加快求解速度,调整收敛因子和学习率以提高寻优精度。研究使用李楼-吴集铁矿的实测爆破振动速度训练模型,构建I-GWO-BP模型,并与其他预测方式进行对比,验证了其优越性,研究结果可为爆破振动的预测提供一定参考。
二十世纪八十年代,Rumelhart、Hinton和Williams等提出了误差反向传播算法(简称BP算法),并且在数学上给出了完整推导。BP神经网络结构由输入层、隐含层及输出层组成,其传播过程分为正向传播和反向传播。正向传播中,学习数据样本经连接函数计算后,由输入层通过隐含层处理,得到输出结果。反向传播则根据计算出的结果与期望值之间的误差进行反向传递,通过调整权值和阈值来减小总体误差,经过多次训练使误差小于某个阈值或者达到设置的迭代次数,网络训练结束。BP神经网络作为一种多层前馈感知器网络,通过强大的函数逼近能力构建复杂的输入-输出关系,具有很强的非线性映射关系,在处理岩土相关问题时具有很大的优势。然而,该模型也存在一些缺陷,如收敛速度慢、网络性能差、易陷入局部最优解等问题,需要引入其他优化算法进行改进。
由Mirjalili等提出的灰狼优化算法(GWO)是以狼群捕猎行为中的协同性及自适应特性为灵感的一种优化算法,在工程领域应用表现出色。GWO算法模拟自然界中狼群等级制度以及捕猎行为,通过构建4种类型的灰狼(αβδω)模拟社会等级。首先在搜索空间中随机产生灰狼,每一只灰狼代表一个可能解,将种群中适应度最优解、次优解和第三优解分别视作α狼、β狼及δ狼,它们具有最优的搜索性能,带领群体向最优解区域移动。在此期间,ω狼根据领导阶层α狼、β狼及δ狼的位置自适应调整更新自身位置,从而达到捕猎最优解的目的。GWO算法灰狼示意如图1所示。
GWO算法的具体数学模型如下:
式中:t为迭代次数;AC为系数向量,A=2ar1aC=2r2r1r2均为[0, 1]之间的随机向量;a为收敛因子,随迭代次数增加从2逐渐减小到0;XpX分别为猎物和灰狼的位置向量;D为灰狼与猎物间的距离。
狼群首先会包围猎物,计算与猎物之间的距离,然后由领导阶层狼引导狩猎过程。在抽象的搜索空间中,灰狼最初并不了解猎物的精确位置,假设α狼(最优解)、β狼及δ狼拥有猎物更多的潜在位置信息,因此在狩猎过程中会保存最优解,并驱使其他狼(ω狼)根据最优搜索位置来更新自身位置。
当猎物停止移动时,灰狼发起攻击,完成狩猎并确定猎物位置(最优解),这一过程通过收敛因子在迭代过程中从2递减至0来实现。随着收敛因子的减小,A的波动范围也线性减小,模拟狼群不断靠近猎物的行为。C1C2C3分别表示不同狼的位置对猎物位置影响的权重,有助于避免算法陷入局部最优解,增强全局搜索能力。
算法的初始解对算法的寻优及收敛性具有重要影响。传统算法使用伪随机数生成个体位置,使得种群在全局分布,但也会导致种群在空间中分布不均匀,造成一些区域分布过于拥挤而降低寻优效率。为改善此问题,通过引入混沌理论进行种群位置初始化,利用其非重复性、遍历性特点使种群在空间中均匀分布。Logistic映射理论见式(6)。其中,μ为控制参数(0<μ≤4),μ越大则混沌性越大,混沌轨道取值范围为0<Xn+1<1。通过生成d维向量X,并进一步将其混沌映射成n个向量作为狼群个体。
原始灰狼算法中的收敛因子是一个线性递减的函数,这种调整方式可能会导致过早收敛问题及局部最优问题。对收敛因子采用非线性调整方法,搜寻最优解过程前段,收敛因子衰减程度低,可更好地寻找全局最优解;后段衰减程度高,提高寻找局部最优解的精度。具体调整方法见式(7)。收敛因子变化曲线如图2所示。
式中,k为非线性调节系数。
为进一步提升寻优效率,提出了一种基于步长欧式距离的比例权重,表达式见式(8)至式(10)。
式中,W1W2W3分别表示ω狼对α狼、β狼、δ狼的学习率。改进灰狼算法优化BP神经网络的主要方式是通过灰狼算法对BP神经网络的权重和阈值进行寻优,再将最优权值和阈值赋给BP神经网络,从而确定最优的神经网络结构用于预测。具体的算法流程如图3所示。
安徽李楼-吴集矿区位于淮河中上游南岸,属沿淮河侵蚀堆积平原区。李楼铁矿床为大型沉积变质型铁矿床,赋存于周集组地层中,受控于周集倒转向斜的西翼单斜构造。吴集铁矿矿床赋存于吴集组地层中,受控于周集倒转向斜的西、东两翼单斜构造。两矿区实施联合建设,在−425 m运输水平连通,溜破系统、提升系统集中布置,采用竖井+斜坡道联合开拓。矿区生产采用穿孔爆破工艺,但由于矿区内断层破碎带发育,且地表民用建筑、道路、工业建筑密集,地表安全稳定性问题突出。爆破振动作为主要的有害效应,其精准预测对灾害防治具有重要意义。
李楼铁矿4系采场和吴集铁矿8系采场地下爆破作业均采用毫秒延时起爆技术,利用数码电子雷管激发起爆具并引爆铵油炸药。装药均采用连续柱状装药结构,炮孔深为10~35 m,炮孔孔底间距约为2.7 m,炮孔排距为2.0 m,最小抵抗线为2.0 m。
为了准确评价爆破损伤情况,在李楼铁矿4系采场和吴集铁矿8系采场爆破工程对应的地表周边关键建(构)筑物处布设监测点。为便于测试并更加准确地反映爆破振动传播规律,李楼铁矿4系采场沿采场轴向方向自西向东(LL01)、正东北方向(LL02)及垂直于轴向方向自南向北(LL03)3个断面分别布设1条测线。吴集铁矿8系采场沿采场轴向方向自东北向西南方向(WJ)布设1条测线。每条测线上布置5个监测点,各监测点至爆源的距离按近密远疏的对数规律布置。
振动数据采集分析采用TC-4850型测振仪。为确保数据能真实反映爆破振动衰减特性,选取基础牢固的水泥墩、路面等作为临时测点。对于松软覆土层的监测点,采用专用基座地插埋设,钢板基座与地面贴实并保持水平。
在4条测线上共布置20个测点,随着−250 m、−275 m、−300 m中段各采场爆破开采,累计采集到90组爆破振动数据。选取前80组数据作为训练集,用于训练BP神经网络,见表1;后10组数据作为测试集,用于检验BP神经网络对爆破振动速度的预测能力,见表2
相关性系数是评价两组数据之间线性关系的指标,取值范围为[−1,1],正值表示两者成正相关关系,负值表示两者成负相关关系,相关性系数绝对值越大,表示相关性越高。爆破参数与爆破振动速度的Pearson相关性系数热力图如图4所示。图中蓝色框表示所需的相关性结果(颜色标识见电子版):爆心距与爆破振动速度成负相关,最大单段装药量、总装药量与爆破振动速度成正相关,最大单段装药量与爆破振动速度相关性最高。现有微差爆破技术下,最大单段装药量对爆破振动速度的主导作用强于总装药量。
BP神经网络的预测精度受到隐含层节点数的影响。节点数太少会导致神经网络学习能力不足,训练精度较差,需要增加训练的次数。而隐含层节点过多则会延长训练时间并可能引发过拟合问题,即模型对训练数据过度拟合而在测试数据时表现不佳。因此,选择合适的隐含层节点数量对神经网络学习质量及预测精度具有重要意义。常用的选择节点数的方法是先使用经验公式(见式(11))计算初始节点数量,然后使用试凑法进行优化,在每一节点数下训练10次,计算每次训练的平均绝对误差,除去最大误差和最小误差后取平均值作为评价依据。
式中:Nh为隐含层节点数量;Ns为训练样本数量;Ni为输入层神经元数量;No为输出层神经元数量;b为2至10之间的随机数。
本文设置爆心距、最大单段装药量、总装药量3个输入值,设置爆破振动速度1个输出值,隐含层节点数量应当为2~10个,每一节点下的平均绝对误差如图5所示。使用二项式曲线拟合平均绝对误差,拟合曲线呈抛物线,平均绝对误差随节点数量增加呈先减小再增大的趋势。平均绝对误差在节点数量为6时最小,为0.068,因此设置隐含层节点为6个。
BP神经网络预测值主要通过权值和阈值调整和修正来优化。结合GWO理论,将BP神经网络的权值和阈值对应为灰狼种群中的个体。初始化权值和阈值后,进行正向传递并计算BP神经网络的输出值,根据预测出的数据与实际输出值之间的误差评估适应度,利用适应度不断更新α狼、β狼和δ狼的位置,当达到最大迭代次数或者目标适应度值后,输出最优解作为BP神经网络的最终权值及阈值。训练模型的输入层、隐含层、输出层节点数量分别为3个、6个、1个,灰狼算法中初始狼群数量为20,最大迭代次数为30次。利用前文数据分别对BP、GWO-BP、I-GWO-BP模型进行训练,通过决定系数(R2)、平均绝对误差(MAE)、均方误差(MSE)、均方根误差(RMSE)及平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)这5个评价指标来比较模型的优劣,各模型评价指标如图6所示。
图6可以看出,I-GWO-BP模型的训练效果最佳,决定系数R2为0.921 6,平均绝对误差百分比为13.4%,各误差评价指标表现显著优于BP及GWO-BP模型。
记录I-GWO-BP模型和GWO-BP模型在迭代计算中适应度变化曲线,如图7所示。GWO-BP模型初始适应度为0.294,经23次迭代后稳定为0.279;I-GWO-BP模型初始适应度值为0.270,经14次迭代后稳定为0.237。I-GWO-BP模型的初始适应度及最佳适应度较GWO-BP模型均更小,前者的收敛精度及收敛速度显著优于后者,优化效果明显。
以实测值的±0.08 cm/s建立置信带,3种模型预测值与实测值的分布如图8所示。由图8可以看出,I-GWO-BP模型预测值基本处于实测值置信带内,且与实测值误差较小,预测效果最佳;GWO-BP模型多数编号未能分布于置信带中,与实测值误差较大,模型可信度较低;BP模型编号10的预测值与实测值出现较大偏差,模型可信度较低。
经过多年对爆破振动的研究,针对爆破振动速度预测这一问题,学者们提出了多种经验预测方程。本文引入其中影响力最大的萨道夫斯基回归预测方程进行比较,见式(12)。该方程建立了爆心距(r)、微差爆破中最大单段装药量(Q)与爆破振动速度(V)之间的比例与立方根关系,通过对式中的衰减指数Kd进行回归预测,以达到计算爆破振动速度的目的。计算得出d=1.372 1, K=107.479,将测试集数据代入方程计算,其结果与3种预测模型结果对比如图9所示。
对3种预测模型与萨道夫斯基方程预测结果进行误差分析,平均绝对百分比误差如图10所示。综合10组数据误差计算出平均绝对百分比误差,GWO-BP模型、BP模型、萨道夫斯基方程的平均绝对百分比误差分别为22.61%、50.05%、60.54%,I-GWO-BP模型表现最佳,其平均绝对百分比误差为13.84%。I-GWO-BP模型的预测准确度最高,与实测值最为接近。
本文基于现场实测的爆破振动数据,构建基于改进灰狼优化算法和反向传播神经网络(I-GWO-BP)的爆破振动预测模型,并对其预测效果进行分析,得出以下主要结论。
(1)根据Pearson相关性系数热力图分析,最大单段装药量与爆破振动速度的相关性系数最高,为0.55,在现有微差爆破技术下,合理设计最大单段装药量是控制爆破振动速度的有效手段。
(2)通过适应度值分析可知,通过改变收敛因子、学习率、狼群初始化位置改进的I-GWO-BP模型的初始适应度及最佳适应度均优于GWO-BP模型,合理的优化手段能够大大提升模型的寻优效率与响应速度。
(3)由BP、GWO-BP、I-GWO-BP以及萨道夫斯基方程的爆破振动速度预测结果可知,I-GWO-BP模型预测值基本处于实侧值±0.08 cm/s置信带内,平均绝对百分比误差为13.84%,显著优于其他预测方法,证实了I-GWO-BP模型在预测精度上的显著优势,为矿山智能化建设提供了一种科学可靠的爆破振动速度预测方法。
  • “十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC2907202; 2023YFC2907404)
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2025年第45卷第10期
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  • 接收时间:2024-11-01
  • 首发时间:2026-02-06
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-01
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“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC2907202; 2023YFC2907404)
作者信息
    1.安徽开发矿业有限公司,安徽 六安市 237474
    2.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410012
    3.五矿矿业控股有限公司,安徽 合肥 230091
    4.鞍山五矿陈台沟矿业有限公司,辽宁 鞍山市 114051

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龚永超(1989一),男,湖南娄底人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事采矿工艺及采矿方法研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Number of
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Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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