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Article(id=1226462296650728375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1226462293408531329, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730131200000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770340998089, onlineDateStr=2026-02-06, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770340998089, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770340998089, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770340998089, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226462293408531329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770340997315, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770341205851, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226463168155792201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1226462293408531329, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226463168155792202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1226462293408531329, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=160, endPage=165, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226462296873026502, articleId=1226462296650728375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Study on the Mechanical Properties and Mining Engineering Applications of Fiber-Reinforced Wet-Mix Shotcrete, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Fiber-reinforced wet-mix shotcrete has excellent properties such as deformation resistance and crack resistance. To evaluate the support performance of fiber-reinforced wet-mix shotcrete, a series of tests were conducted, including uniaxial compressive tests, notched beam flexural toughness tests, and disk flexural tests. The test results indicate that, although the addition of fibers slightly reduces the compressive strength of wet-mix shotcrete, the flexural strength and energy absorption capacity have been significantly enhanced. The roadway support test results shows that the compressive strength of the steel fiber wet-mix shotcrete can reach 25 MPa, the thickness of the spray layer is maintained at 100−150 mm, with a minimal rebound and notable support effectiveness.

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湿喷纤维混凝土具有抗变形、抗裂性等优异性能。为研究湿喷纤维混凝土支护效果，开展了湿喷纤维混凝土单轴抗压试验、切口梁弯曲韧性试验和圆盘弯曲测试。试验结果表明，尽管纤维的掺入略微降低了湿喷混凝土的抗压强度，但显著提升了其抗弯强度和能量吸收能力。巷道支护试验结果表明，钢纤维湿喷混凝土的抗压强度可达到25 MPa，喷层厚度保持在100~150 mm，反弹量小，支护效果良好。

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韩斌（1969一），男，甘肃张掖人，博士，教授，主要从事充填采矿与岩石力学研究。E-mail:
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郭荣华（1998一），男，江西赣州人，硕士，主要从事充填采矿与岩石力学研究。E-mail:

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郭荣华（1998一），男，江西赣州人，硕士，主要从事充填采矿与岩石力学研究。E-mail:

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郭荣华（1998一），男，江西赣州人，硕士，主要从事充填采矿与岩石力学研究。E-mail:

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Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2025, 47(5):1073-1081., articleTitle=Experimental investigation on on-site flexural toughness of wet-sprayed concrete with silica fume and steel fibers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462306880635649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=525, pageEnd=532, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=26, authorNames=韩斌, 刘超, 于少峰, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=韩斌，刘超，于少峰，等.基于RDP试验的合成纤维湿喷混凝土工作性能研究[C]//第14届全国岩石动力学学术会议暨工程安全与防护专题研讨会论文集，2015:525-532., articleTitle=基于RDP试验的合成纤维湿喷混凝土工作性能研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462307006464779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=525, pageEnd=532, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=27, authorNames=HAN Bin, LIU Chao, YU Shaofeng, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAN Bin, LIU Chao, YU Shaofeng, et al. 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Resarch on stress field and stress state of second mine block in the Jinchuan Mine[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2011., articleTitle=Resarch on stress field and stress state of second mine block in the Jinchuan Mine, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1226462303764267503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, awardId=52374115, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(52374115), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226462298215202836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462298223591445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, companyId=1226462298215202836, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462298231980054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, companyId=1226462298215202836, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京科技大学 土木与资源工程学院，北京　100083)]), AuthorCompany(id=1226462298387169315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462298395557924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, companyId=1226462298387169315, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462298403946533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, companyId=1226462298387169315, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.北京科技大学 金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室，北京　100083)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1226462301381902599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Particle size distribution of aggregates for wet-mix shotcrete, figureFileSmall=hpBoUqXzznYP0lTFQmK6nQ==, figureFileBig=fdhB4YMmus3J+5Xp2qYSvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462301495148818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, language=CN, label=图1, caption=湿喷混凝土骨料的粒径分布, figureFileSmall=hpBoUqXzznYP0lTFQmK6nQ==, figureFileBig=fdhB4YMmus3J+5Xp2qYSvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462301721641249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=28-day uniaxial compressive strength of FRC, figureFileSmall=9phv8FgsWLGYe4xWKJMktQ==, figureFileBig=sNLFpJEULhGMcf+2krUghQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462301864247597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, language=CN, label=图2, caption=纤维混凝土的28 d单轴抗压强度, figureFileSmall=9phv8FgsWLGYe4xWKJMktQ==, figureFileBig=sNLFpJEULhGMcf+2krUghQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462302057185594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Comparison results of flexural toughness tests for notched beams, figureFileSmall=rihGB4jam/qinPP41wGZUw==, figureFileBig=e5hArjfAOFUmI3vUVF74Fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462302170431811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, language=CN, label=图3, caption=切口梁弯曲韧性试验结果对比, figureFileSmall=rihGB4jam/qinPP41wGZUw==, figureFileBig=e5hArjfAOFUmI3vUVF74Fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462302279483724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Energy absorption curves of specimens in RDP tests, figureFileSmall=L+OaqfdOTYME8VVs67SUcA==, figureFileBig=0L8YaLXtlIXC9tyTN2XW4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462302417895772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, language=CN, label=图4, caption=RDP试验能量吸收曲线, figureFileSmall=L+OaqfdOTYME8VVs67SUcA==, figureFileBig=0L8YaLXtlIXC9tyTN2XW4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462302535336299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Technical parameters of fibers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纤维类型纤维系列抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa纤维长度/mm纤维直径/mm长径比
钢纤维3D≥1 345200350.5565
4D≥1 850200350.5565
合成纤维聚丙希合成纤维≥6501048——
), ArticleFig(id=1226462302615028087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

纤维技术参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纤维类型纤维系列抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa纤维长度/mm纤维直径/mm长径比
钢纤维3D≥1 345200350.5565
4D≥1 850200350.5565
合成纤维聚丙希合成纤维≥6501048——
), ArticleFig(id=1226462302770217351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of uniaxial compressive strength tests

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号材料类型纤维掺量/(kg/m3)28 d单轴抗压强度/MPa
试件1试件2试件3平均值
1素混凝土—25.225.525.925.5
2合成纤维425.024.524.224.6
3合成纤维525.024.524.224.6
4合成纤维624.525.024.824.8
5合成纤维724.924.824.324.7
63D钢纤维3023.424.025.924.4
73D钢纤维3524.724.424.624.6
83D钢纤维4024.924.424.424.6
94D钢纤维2524.724.824.424.6
104D钢纤维3024.524.524.124.4
114D钢纤维3524.424.324.324.3
), ArticleFig(id=1226462302849909137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

单轴抗压试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号材料类型纤维掺量/(kg/m3)28 d单轴抗压强度/MPa
试件1试件2试件3平均值
1素混凝土—25.225.525.925.5
2合成纤维425.024.524.224.6
3合成纤维525.024.524.224.6
4合成纤维624.525.024.824.8
5合成纤维724.924.824.324.7
63D钢纤维3023.424.025.924.4
73D钢纤维3524.724.424.624.6
83D钢纤维4024.924.424.424.6
94D钢纤维2524.724.824.424.6
104D钢纤维3024.524.524.124.4
114D钢纤维3524.424.324.324.3
), ArticleFig(id=1226462302933795229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of flexural toughness tests for notched beams

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号材料类型抗拉强度/MPa纤维掺量/(kg/m3)弯曲强度/MPa
fsfR1fR2fR3fR4
1素混凝土——2.560.310.040.010.00
2合成纤维混凝土≥650 MPa42.920.560.410.380.36
352.831.051.121.100.99
463.151.271.291.311.21
573.321.461.751.811.68
63D钢纤维混凝土≥1 345 MPa303.651.671.861.861.74
7353.442.462.923.052.88
8403.442.983.483.523.25
94D钢纤维混凝土≥1 850 MPa253.031.872.142.111.97
10303.663.043.533.523.21
11354.183.524.284.363.99
), ArticleFig(id=1226462303038652844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

切口梁弯曲韧性试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号材料类型抗拉强度/MPa纤维掺量/(kg/m3)弯曲强度/MPa
fsfR1fR2fR3fR4
1素混凝土——2.560.310.040.010.00
2合成纤维混凝土≥650 MPa42.920.560.410.380.36
352.831.051.121.100.99
463.151.271.291.311.21
573.321.461.751.811.68
63D钢纤维混凝土≥1 345 MPa303.651.671.861.861.74
7353.442.462.923.052.88
8403.442.983.483.523.25
94D钢纤维混凝土≥1 850 MPa253.031.872.142.111.97
10303.663.043.533.523.21
11354.183.524.284.363.99
), ArticleFig(id=1226462303160287673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Energy absorption values of specimens in RDP tests

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号类型强度特性纤维掺量/(kg/m3)能量吸收值/J
W5W10W15W20W25W30W35
1素混凝土——15151515151515
23D钢纤维混凝土抗拉强度≥1 345 MPa3066129181222255282304
3弹性模量≥20 GPa4089179250304347383410
44D钢纤维混凝土抗拉强度≥1 850 MPa2571136190234273308338
5弹性模量≥20 GPa3578151209256298334366
), ArticleFig(id=1226462303260950980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

RDP 试验能量吸收值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号类型强度特性纤维掺量/(kg/m3)能量吸收值/J
W5W10W15W20W25W30W35
1素混凝土——15151515151515
23D钢纤维混凝土抗拉强度≥1 345 MPa3066129181222255282304
3弹性模量≥20 GPa4089179250304347383410
44D钢纤维混凝土抗拉强度≥1 850 MPa2571136190234273308338
5弹性模量≥20 GPa3578151209256298334366
), ArticleFig(id=1226462303378391508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Mix proportions of steel fiber wet-mix shotcrete

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
混凝土等级水灰比水泥/ (kg/m3)水/ (kg/m3)石子/ (kg/m3)河砂/ (kg/m3)减水剂/ (kg/m3)3D钢纤维/ (kg/m3)
C250.643872465861 1145.030
), ArticleFig(id=1226462303567135199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296650728375, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

钢纤维湿喷混凝土的配合比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
混凝土等级水灰比水泥/ (kg/m3)水/ (kg/m3)石子/ (kg/m3)河砂/ (kg/m3)减水剂/ (kg/m3)3D钢纤维/ (kg/m3)
C250.643872465861 1145.030
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纤维增强湿喷混凝土的力学特性及矿山工程应用研究
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郭荣华 1, 2 , 韩斌 1, 2 , 潘岳浩 1, 2 , 胡亚飞 1, 2 , 王琪 1, 2
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(10): 160-165
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矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025, 45(10): 160-165
纤维增强湿喷混凝土的力学特性及矿山工程应用研究
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郭荣华1, 2 , 韩斌1, 2 , 潘岳浩1, 2, 胡亚飞1, 2, 王琪1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.北京科技大学 土木与资源工程学院，北京　100083
  • 2.北京科技大学 金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室，北京　100083

    • 郭荣华（1998一），男，江西赣州人，硕士，主要从事充填采矿与岩石力学研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

韩斌（1969一），男，甘肃张掖人，博士，教授，主要从事充填采矿与岩石力学研究。E-mail:
Study on the Mechanical Properties and Mining Engineering Applications of Fiber-Reinforced Wet-Mix Shotcrete
Ronghua GUO1, 2 , Bin HAN1, 2 , Yuehao PAN1, 2, Yafei HU1, 2, Qi WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25
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摘要
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湿喷纤维混凝土具有抗变形、抗裂性等优异性能。为研究湿喷纤维混凝土支护效果，开展了湿喷纤维混凝土单轴抗压试验、切口梁弯曲韧性试验和圆盘弯曲测试。试验结果表明，尽管纤维的掺入略微降低了湿喷混凝土的抗压强度，但显著提升了其抗弯强度和能量吸收能力。巷道支护试验结果表明，钢纤维湿喷混凝土的抗压强度可达到25 MPa，喷层厚度保持在100~150 mm，反弹量小，支护效果良好。

湿喷混凝土  /  纤维  /  单轴抗压强度  /  弯曲韧性  /  能量吸收值

Fiber-reinforced wet-mix shotcrete has excellent properties such as deformation resistance and crack resistance. To evaluate the support performance of fiber-reinforced wet-mix shotcrete, a series of tests were conducted, including uniaxial compressive tests, notched beam flexural toughness tests, and disk flexural tests. The test results indicate that, although the addition of fibers slightly reduces the compressive strength of wet-mix shotcrete, the flexural strength and energy absorption capacity have been significantly enhanced. The roadway support test results shows that the compressive strength of the steel fiber wet-mix shotcrete can reach 25 MPa, the thickness of the spray layer is maintained at 100−150 mm, with a minimal rebound and notable support effectiveness.

Wet-mix shotcrete  /  Fiber  /  Uniaxial compressive strength  /  Flexural toughness  /  Energy absorption value
郭荣华, 韩斌, 潘岳浩, 胡亚飞, 王琪. 纤维增强湿喷混凝土的力学特性及矿山工程应用研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (10) : 160 -165 .
Ronghua GUO, Bin HAN, Yuehao PAN, Yafei HU, Qi WANG. Study on the Mechanical Properties and Mining Engineering Applications of Fiber-Reinforced Wet-Mix Shotcrete[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (10) : 160 -165 .
正文
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0　引言
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喷射混凝土最初是由机喷砂浆发展而来，距今已经有一百多年的发展历史。喷射混凝土支护技术的应用始于20世纪40年代。在初始阶段，人们只会使用干喷法，但干喷混凝土存在衬砌强度低、易开裂、韧性差以及施工过程中粉尘浓度高、回弹率高等问题。20世纪70年代逐步兴起湿喷法，相对于干喷法，降低了粉尘浓度和回弹率，改善了施工环境[1-5]。传统的湿喷混凝土以水泥为胶结剂、以天然砂或人工砂为骨料制备而成，但喷射混凝土也存在抗变形性能差、易开裂、抗渗性差、耐久性差等问题[6]，纤维混凝土的出现使得这一问题得以改善。
纤维材料可以提高混凝土的韧性和强度，可以抵抗混凝土裂缝的生成及扩展，从根本上提高混凝土的抗裂性能[7]。掺入纤维材料的混凝土称为纤维混凝土(Fiber Reinforced Concrete, FRC)，其中若加入钢纤维，则称为钢纤维混凝土，适用于对抗折、抗弯、抗裂、抗冲击和抗疲劳等性能要求较高的工程；若掺入合成纤维，则适用于改善混凝土早期抗裂、抗冲击、抗疲劳等性能的工程[8-9]。
结合某矿山巷道的变形破坏特点，系统对比分析了钢纤维和合成纤维湿喷混凝土的力学性能，通过单轴抗压试验、弯曲韧性试验和能量吸收对比[10-12]，最终优化出适用于矿山巷道的纤维增强混凝土支护方案，并通过工业试验验证其支护效果。
1　试验材料与方法
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1.1　试验材料
（1）胶凝材料。胶凝材料为P·O 42.5普通硅酸盐水泥。
（2）骨料。试验所用骨料为绿豆石和河砂的混合料，绿豆石最大粒径为12 mm，河砂的细度模数为3.07。混合骨料粒径组成如图1所示。
（3）纤维。试验采用的纤维包括钢纤维与合成纤维，钢纤维是由贝尔卡特公司生产的3D钢纤维系列和4D钢纤维系列。根据纤维长径比与掺量之间的关系，初步确定钢纤维最低掺量为25 kg/m3，合成纤维用量为4~7 kg/m3。纤维的基本技术参数见表1。
1.2　配合比方案设计
根据前期大量试验，确定纤维混凝土水灰比为0.67，水泥掺量为414 kg/m3，试验分别设置了3D钢纤维掺量为30 kg/m3、35 kg/m3和40 kg/m3，4D钢纤维掺量为25 kg/m3、30 kg/m3和35 kg/m3，合成纤维掺量为4 kg/m3、5 kg/m3、6 kg/m3和7 kg/m3，并以湿喷素混凝土作为对照组。为全面对比钢纤维和合成纤维对湿喷混凝土力学性能的影响，对混凝土进行了抗压、抗弯以及最大弯曲挠度测试。
1.3　试验过程
（1）单轴抗压强度试验。单轴抗压试验通过对试件施加单向压力来研究材料在压缩下的变形和破坏特性。标准试件为100 mm×100 mm×100 mm的正方体。为了减小试验误差，每种配合比的混凝土浇筑3个试件，最终的28 d抗压强度测试结果取其平均值。
（2）切口梁弯曲韧性试验。切口梁弯曲韧性试验也称为断裂韧性试验，是一种用于评估材料在弯曲载荷下抗断裂能力的试验方法。该试验通常用于脆性材料（如混凝土、陶瓷、岩石等）的力学性能，特别是韧性和抗裂性能的研究[13]。试验所用试模为150 mm×150 mm×550 mm的标准尺寸试模。将养护到期的试件进行切口梁弯曲测试，测试前在试件一侧切割一道宽2 mm，深25 mm的切口。设置试验加载速率为0.2 mm/min，直到试件产生破坏时停止加载。
（3）圆板静定（Round Determinate Panel, RDP）试验。RDP试验能够通过准确测试圆板试件的能量吸收值来评判湿喷混凝土支护体的残余能量和挠曲强度，可以较为真实地反映井下支护体在应力作用下的承载能力[14-15]。标准试件为直径800 mm、厚度75 mm的圆形板件，试验采用ZWICKToni试验机。
2　试验结果与讨论
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2.1　单轴抗压强度
由表2和图2可知，不论是添加钢纤维还是合成纤维，所制备的混凝土的单轴抗压强度均比素混凝土的低，但差距很小，表明纤维对湿喷混凝土抗压强度有轻微的弱化作用。原因在于，混凝土中加入纤维后，骨料与纤维接触部位产生缺陷，混凝土中的孔隙结构增多，因此受压后首先在界面薄弱区引起破坏，导致抗压强度有轻微的下降。
2.2　切口梁弯曲韧性试验
不同类型混凝土切口梁弯曲韧性试验结果见表3。
梁的挠度是梁在载荷作用下其中部或其他特定测量点发生的垂直于轴线方向的位移。较大的挠度值通常意味着梁在承受载荷时具有更好的塑性变形能力，从而表现出更高的韧性。通过比较不同材料或结构的挠度，可以判断其抗变形能力和裂缝扩展控制能力。
抗弯韧性试验结果表明，湿喷混凝土中掺入纤维材料能够显著提高其抗弯强度，尤其是钢纤维混凝土的抗弯性能最佳。
由图3可知，无论是钢纤维混凝土还是合成纤维混凝土，其抗弯能力和残余抗弯能力均随着纤维掺量的增加而提升。4D钢纤维对峰后抗弯强度的提升效果优于3D钢纤维，其中，3D钢纤维掺量从30 kg/m3增加到40 kg/m3时，峰后抗弯强度提高了约90%，而4D钢纤维掺量从25 kg/m3提高到35 kg/m3时，峰后抗弯强度提高了约100%。在纤维掺量超过一定限度时，湿喷钢纤维混凝土的抗弯能力显著优于湿喷合成纤维混凝土和湿喷素混凝土。
2.3　RDP试验
RDP试验通过载荷-挠度曲线评估材料的变形能力和能量吸收性能，能够通过位移-载荷曲线积分得出不同位移对应的加载功率，即试件吸收的能量值，试件吸收的能量越多，表明试件具有更强的韧性、抗冲击性和断裂安全性，RDP试验结果见表4。
根据表4绘制出RDP试验能量吸收曲线，如图4所示。由图4可得出以下结论。
（1）湿喷素混凝土试块在破裂后迅速丧失了承载能力，挠度达到5 mm后，其能量吸收值显著下降，几乎趋近于0，表现出明显的脆性破坏特征。这表明湿喷素混凝土的残余承载能力极为有限，其抗弯力学性能较差。
（2）随着挠度的增大，3D钢纤维和4D钢纤维混凝土试件的能量吸收值均呈现上升趋势。值得注意的是，3种材料的试件在挠度达到40 mm时，能量吸收值的上升幅度趋缓。
（3）在所有试件中，掺钢纤维使湿喷混凝土的能量吸收能力显著提升，能量吸收能力为湿喷素混凝土的15倍以上，显著增强了试件的抗弯强度和韧性。总体而言，掺入不同增强材料的湿喷混凝土，在能量吸收能力上有明显改善。这对提升地下巷道围岩的支护效果具有重要的工程意义。
3　工程应用
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基于试验结果，在某矿山井下开展了工业试验。该矿山开采深度已超过1 000 m，矿区深部岩体节理发育，蚀变程度较为严重，岩体质量较差，主要属于Ⅲ～Ⅳ类岩体。同时，矿区深部地应力较大，最大主应力一般在30 MPa，最高可达50 MPa[16]。在这种高应力条件下，复杂的岩体结构表现出独特的力学行为，导致支护系统频繁出现剥落、片帮等问题，巷道返修次数大幅增加，严重影响了矿山的正常生产。由于素混凝土这一脆性材料在支护系统中未能有效应对高应力下的变形和破坏，必须采用具有优异抗裂性能和韧性的钢纤维混凝土来改进支护效果，减少支护结构的失效，降低巷道返修频率。工业试验所采用的配合比见表5。
3.1　工业试验
首先按照试验方案的材料配比制备钢纤维湿喷混凝土料浆，然后通过混凝土罐车将混凝土料浆运送至试验地点并进行钢纤维湿喷混凝土支护，混凝土喷层厚度为100 mm。在工业试验过程中发现，由于钢纤维长度与台车上的格筛网孔尺寸不匹配，钢纤维容易堆积成团并堵塞网孔，混凝土料浆无法顺利进入湿喷台车，从而影响下料速率，造成喷浆作业不连续。为解决此问题，将现有15 mm×30 mm的格筛网孔调整为30 mm×30 mm之后，喷浆效果良好。对现场钢纤维混凝土取样并进行抗压试验，试验测得3D钢纤维湿喷混凝土的7 d、28 d抗压强度分别为16.20 MPa和25.66 MPa，该强度值符合工程设计要求。
3.2　应用效果分析
（1）钢纤维湿喷混凝土流动性符合现场实际要求，且钢纤维湿喷混凝土的28 d单轴抗压强度能达到25 MPa。
（2）喷浆支护过程中，钢纤维湿喷混凝土料浆能顺利喷出，无堵塞喷头的现象，混凝土上墙效果良好，反弹料少；钢纤维在混凝土中分布均匀，巷道两帮没有出现喷层开裂和片帮等现象。
（3）喷层面平整，喷层厚度可达100~150 mm；钢纤维与混凝土间有较好的锚固力，支护效果良好。
4　结论
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（1）单轴抗压强度试验结果表明，尽管掺入纤维后湿喷混凝土的抗压强度略有降低（降低3%左右），但混凝土的受压韧性得到了显著提升。
（2）抗弯韧性试验结果表明，掺入纤维材料能显著提升湿喷混凝土的抗弯强度，且钢纤维效果优于合成纤维。随着纤维掺量的增加，湿喷混凝土的抗弯能力和残余抗弯能力均明显提高，其中4D钢纤维在提升峰后抗弯强度方面优于3D钢纤维。3D钢纤维掺量从30 kg/m3增加到40 kg/m3时，峰后抗弯强度提高了约90%；而4D钢纤维掺量从25 kg/m3增加到35 kg/m3时，峰后抗弯强度提高了约100%。当纤维掺量超过一定限度时，湿喷钢纤维混凝土的抗弯能力显著优于湿喷合成纤维混凝土和湿喷素混凝土。
（3）圆盘试验结果表明，湿喷素混凝土在破裂后迅速丧失承载能力，表现出明显的脆性破坏特征，且能量吸收能力极低。掺纤维湿喷混凝土的能量吸收能力是湿喷素混凝土的15倍以上，显著增强了其抗弯强度与韧性。这一改善对提升井下巷道围岩的支护质量及巷道稳定性具有重要的工程意义。
（4）从现场工业试验来看，钢纤维湿喷混凝土在流动性和抗压强度上符合现场要求，抗压强度能够达到25 MPa。在喷浆过程中，料浆顺利喷出，无堵塞现象，混凝土上墙效果良好，反弹料少，纤维分布均匀且未出现开裂或片帮的现象，支护效果良好。喷层厚度达到100~150 mm，喷层面平整，钢纤维与混凝土的锚固力较强。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52374115)
文献
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2025年第45卷第10期
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  • 接收时间：2024-10-29
  • 首发时间：2026-02-06
  • 出版时间：2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-10-29
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52374115)
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    1.北京科技大学 土木与资源工程学院，北京　100083
    2.北京科技大学 金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室，北京　100083

通讯作者:

韩斌（1969一），男，甘肃张掖人，博士，教授，主要从事充填采矿与岩石力学研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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