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Article(id=1226462296331956244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1226462293408531329, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730908800000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770340998012, onlineDateStr=2026-02-06, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770340998012, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770340998012, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770340998012, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226462293408531329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770340997315, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770341205851, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226463168155792201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1226462293408531329, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226463168155792202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1226462293408531329, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=138, endPage=143, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226462296692666402, articleId=1226462296331956244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Study on Compressive Strength of Soft Powder Rock in Underground Roadway Based on Rebound Instrument Test, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In view of the characteristics that the soft powder ore rock in the deep mining underground roadway of Jinshandian Mine can not take out the complete sample on site, the direct test of compressive strength of loose soft rock mass by rebound instrument was explored. Taking the powder ore and skarn fracture zone of −425 m and −455 m horizontal tunneling roadway in the east-west mining area of Jinshandian Mine as the research object, the rebound value was tested by rebound instrument. Based on the strength formula of concrete compressive strength detected by rebound instrument in national standards and industry standards, according to the engineering geological characteristics of Jinshandian Mine, the empirical formula was optimized, and the correlation sample of rebound value and compressive strength was constructed. Using mathematical statistics method, two modified empirical formulas for strength measurement of soft powder ore rock in Jinshandian Mine were obtained by regression. The results show that the average rebound value of −425 m horizontal powder ore rock in the east-west mining area is 19.35, and the average compressive strength is 6.58 MPa. The average rebound value of −455 m horizontal soft rock fracture zone in the west mining area is 21.92, and the average compressive strength is 14.994 MPa. The results are basically consistent with the results of the inversion of the soft powder rock roadway based on the convergence value of the roadway in Jinshandian Mine. The research results provide a feasible solution for the situation that was impossible to take samples on site for indoor rock compressive stength test under poor engineering geological conditions in underground engineering.

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针对金山店矿深部开采地下巷道松软粉矿岩无法现场取出完整试样的特点，探索采用回弹仪对松软矿岩体的抗压强度直接进行测试。以金山店矿东西采区−425 m、−455 m水平掘进巷道粉矿和矽卡岩破碎带为研究对象，采用回弹仪进行了回弹值测试；基于国家标准和行业标准中回弹仪检测混凝土抗压强度的测强公式，依据金山店矿矿岩工程地质特性，进行经验公式优选，构建回弹值和抗压强度的关联样本；采用数理统计方法，回归得到金山店矿松软粉矿岩的两个修正测强经验公式。结果表明，东西采区−425 m水平粉矿回弹值均值为19.35，抗压强度平均值为6.58 MPa，西采区−455 m水平软岩破碎带回弹平均值为21.92，抗压强度平均值为14.994 MPa，该结果与金山店矿松软粉矿岩巷道基于巷道收敛值反演出的结果基本一致。研究结果为地下工程中不良工程地质条件下无法现场取试样进行室内岩石抗压强度测试的情况提出了一种可行的解决方法。

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陈清运（1964一），男，湖北武汉人，博士，教授，主要从事采矿工程教学与研究工作。E-mail:
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石啸天（1998一），男，江苏南通人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为深部开采巷道稳定性控制。E-mail:

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石啸天（1998一），男，江苏南通人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为深部开采巷道稳定性控制。E-mail:

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石啸天（1998一），男，江苏南通人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为深部开采巷道稳定性控制。E-mail:

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Mining Research and Development, 2024, 44(10):81-88., articleTitle=Analysis of the mechanism of partial roof fall in soft rock roadway and research on filling materials, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462310135410782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296331956244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=55, issue=5, pageStart=181, pageEnd=190, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=32, authorNames=张书倩, 唐晓玲, 李友彬, journalName=水利水电技术（中英文）, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张书倩，唐晓玲，李友彬，等.无损检测方法在大尺寸堆石混凝土试验仓强度检测中的应用研究[J].水利水电技术（中英文），2024，55(5):181-190., articleTitle=无损检测方法在大尺寸堆石混凝土试验仓强度检测中的应用研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462310223491178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296331956244, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=55, issue=5, pageStart=181, pageEnd=190, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=33, authorNames=ZHANG Shuqian, TANG Xiaoling, LI Youbin, journalName=Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Shuqian, TANG Xiaoling, LI Youbin, et al. 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Fast forecasting of rock strength based on the ultrasonic-rebound comprehensive method[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 2018, 35(10):27-31+48., articleTitle=Fast forecasting of rock strength based on the ultrasonic-rebound comprehensive method, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1226462305601368697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296331956244, awardId=52174086, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(52174086), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1226462305739780744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296331956244, awardId=CX2023172, language=CN, fundingSource=武汉工程大学研究生教育创新基金项目(CX2023172), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226462298517188728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296331956244, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462298533965946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296331956244, companyId=1226462298517188728, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Resources & Safety Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462298550743163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296331956244, companyId=1226462298517188728, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.武汉工程大学 资源与安全工程学院，湖北　武汉　430074)]), AuthorCompany(id=1226462298647212161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296331956244, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462298655600772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296331956244, companyId=1226462298647212161, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.WISCO Resources Group Jinshandian Mining Co., Ltd., Daye, Hubei 435116, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462298663989380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296331956244, companyId=1226462298647212161, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.武钢资源集团金山店矿业有限公司，湖北　大冶市　435116)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1226462302887653787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296331956244, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Scatter plots of rebound value and uniaxial compressive strength value of powder ore, figureFileSmall=QWzSrq9LchfINh3hdmtLNg==, figureFileBig=TxkR0jROB4NNOKP4OAArkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462303051231655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296331956244, language=CN, label=图1, caption=粉矿回弹值与单轴抗压强度散点图, figureFileSmall=QWzSrq9LchfINh3hdmtLNg==, figureFileBig=TxkR0jROB4NNOKP4OAArkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462303361610170, 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Test results of rebound value of powder ore and soft rock infracture zone

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测区位置测区1~30回弹值均值采场巷道回弹值均值
东区－425 m 30#进路(粉矿)12.12514.87520.12528.12525.25015.50017.62
13.37524.25014.11013.33015.87514.550
东区－425 m 29#进路(粉矿)15.50016.30026.10012.00019.00012.00019.67
23.56013.00031.30021.50021.20024.600
西区－425 m 东7#进路(粉矿)20.25016.00016.00019.75016.00022.00020.77
22.00028.00025.75026.00022.00013.500
13.75012.00015.00021.50020.75022.000
20.00028.75028.00020.25021.75018.500
22.00020.25023.25022.00024.00022.000
西区－455 m 5#进路(矽卡岩)19.20031.60018.33031.33028.00017.25023.32
30.00026.33029.33022.00026.80030.000
24.00016.00016.00016.00014.330
西区－455 m 55#进路(矽卡岩)15.83023.17023.00024.00016.60020.52
), ArticleFig(id=1226462304888336942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296331956244, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

粉矿和软岩破碎带回弹值测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测区位置测区1~30回弹值均值采场巷道回弹值均值
东区－425 m 30#进路(粉矿)12.12514.87520.12528.12525.25015.50017.62
13.37524.25014.11013.33015.87514.550
东区－425 m 29#进路(粉矿)15.50016.30026.10012.00019.00012.00019.67
23.56013.00031.30021.50021.20024.600
西区－425 m 东7#进路(粉矿)20.25016.00016.00019.75016.00022.00020.77
22.00028.00025.75026.00022.00013.500
13.75012.00015.00021.50020.75022.000
20.00028.75028.00020.25021.75018.500
22.00020.25023.25022.00024.00022.000
西区－455 m 5#进路(矽卡岩)19.20031.60018.33031.33028.00017.25023.32
30.00026.33029.33022.00026.80030.000
24.00016.00016.00016.00014.330
西区－455 m 55#进路(矽卡岩)15.83023.17023.00024.00016.60020.52
), ArticleFig(id=1226462305009971771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296331956244, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Related experience formulae

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
经验公式岩石类型回弹仪型号
UCS=0.88R－12.11[13]煤—
UCS=1.15R－15[15]花岗岩—
UCS=e0.818+0.06R[16]石膏—
UCS=0.678R[17]凝灰岩、石灰石、泥灰岩L型
UCS=0.308R1.327[18]瓦鲁金组砂岩、泥岩L型
), ArticleFig(id=1226462305135800907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296331956244, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

相关经验公式

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
经验公式岩石类型回弹仪型号
UCS=0.88R－12.11[13]煤—
UCS=1.15R－15[15]花岗岩—
UCS=e0.818+0.06R[16]石膏—
UCS=0.678R[17]凝灰岩、石灰石、泥灰岩L型
UCS=0.308R1.327[18]瓦鲁金组砂岩、泥岩L型
), ArticleFig(id=1226462305261630035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296331956244, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Calculation results of rock compressive strength of powder ore and soft rock in fracture zone

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测区位置测区1~30抗压强度平均值/MPa采场巷道岩石抗压强度平均值/MPa
东区－425 m 30#进路(粉矿)0.372.737.2414.1111.643.275.093
1.4410.782.081.413.592.45
东区－425 m 29#进路(粉矿)3.273.9612.370.266.270.266.851
10.191.1216.848.428.1611.08
西区－425 m 东7#进路(粉矿)7.353.703.706.923.708.857.792
8.8514.0012.0712.298.851.55
1.770.262.848.427.788.85
7.1314.6514.007.358.645.85
8.857.359.928.8510.578.85
西区－455 m 5#进路(矽卡岩)12.2624.6511.4924.3620.8110.5516.414
22.9219.0922.2114.8419.5722.92
16.769.509.509.508.14
西区－455 m 55#进路(矽卡岩)9.3515.9615.7916.7610.0013.573
), ArticleFig(id=1226462305366487645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296331956244, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

粉矿及软岩破碎带岩石抗压强度计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测区位置测区1~30抗压强度平均值/MPa采场巷道岩石抗压强度平均值/MPa
东区－425 m 30#进路(粉矿)0.372.737.2414.1111.643.275.093
1.4410.782.081.413.592.45
东区－425 m 29#进路(粉矿)3.273.9612.370.266.270.266.851
10.191.1216.848.428.1611.08
西区－425 m 东7#进路(粉矿)7.353.703.706.923.708.857.792
8.8514.0012.0712.298.851.55
1.770.262.848.427.788.85
7.1314.6514.007.358.645.85
8.857.359.928.8510.578.85
西区－455 m 5#进路(矽卡岩)12.2624.6511.4924.3620.8110.5516.414
22.9219.0922.2114.8419.5722.92
16.769.509.509.508.14
西区－455 m 55#进路(矽卡岩)9.3515.9615.7916.7610.0013.573
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基于回弹仪测试的地下巷道松软粉矿岩抗压强度研究
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石啸天 1 , 陈清运 1 , 朱汉明 2 , 邵春悦 1 , 刘珂君 1 , 袁帅 1 , 王朝旭 1
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(10): 138-143
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矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025, 45(10): 138-143
基于回弹仪测试的地下巷道松软粉矿岩抗压强度研究
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石啸天1 , 陈清运1 , 朱汉明2, 邵春悦1, 刘珂君1, 袁帅1, 王朝旭1
作者信息
  • 1.武汉工程大学 资源与安全工程学院，湖北　武汉　430074
  • 2.武钢资源集团金山店矿业有限公司，湖北　大冶市　435116

    • 石啸天（1998一），男，江苏南通人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为深部开采巷道稳定性控制。E-mail:

通讯作者:

陈清运（1964一），男，湖北武汉人，博士，教授，主要从事采矿工程教学与研究工作。E-mail:
Study on Compressive Strength of Soft Powder Rock in Underground Roadway Based on Rebound Instrument Test
Xiaotian SHI1 , Qingyun CHEN1 , Hanming ZHU2, Chunyue SHAO1, Kejun LIU1, shuai YUAN1, Chaoxu WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Resources & Safety Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
  • 2.WISCO Resources Group Jinshandian Mining Co., Ltd., Daye, Hubei 435116, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25
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摘要
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针对金山店矿深部开采地下巷道松软粉矿岩无法现场取出完整试样的特点，探索采用回弹仪对松软矿岩体的抗压强度直接进行测试。以金山店矿东西采区−425 m、−455 m水平掘进巷道粉矿和矽卡岩破碎带为研究对象，采用回弹仪进行了回弹值测试；基于国家标准和行业标准中回弹仪检测混凝土抗压强度的测强公式，依据金山店矿矿岩工程地质特性，进行经验公式优选，构建回弹值和抗压强度的关联样本；采用数理统计方法，回归得到金山店矿松软粉矿岩的两个修正测强经验公式。结果表明，东西采区−425 m水平粉矿回弹值均值为19.35，抗压强度平均值为6.58 MPa，西采区−455 m水平软岩破碎带回弹平均值为21.92，抗压强度平均值为14.994 MPa，该结果与金山店矿松软粉矿岩巷道基于巷道收敛值反演出的结果基本一致。研究结果为地下工程中不良工程地质条件下无法现场取试样进行室内岩石抗压强度测试的情况提出了一种可行的解决方法。

深部开采  /  松软粉矿岩  /  回弹值  /  单轴抗压强度  /  经验公式

In view of the characteristics that the soft powder ore rock in the deep mining underground roadway of Jinshandian Mine can not take out the complete sample on site, the direct test of compressive strength of loose soft rock mass by rebound instrument was explored. Taking the powder ore and skarn fracture zone of −425 m and −455 m horizontal tunneling roadway in the east-west mining area of Jinshandian Mine as the research object, the rebound value was tested by rebound instrument. Based on the strength formula of concrete compressive strength detected by rebound instrument in national standards and industry standards, according to the engineering geological characteristics of Jinshandian Mine, the empirical formula was optimized, and the correlation sample of rebound value and compressive strength was constructed. Using mathematical statistics method, two modified empirical formulas for strength measurement of soft powder ore rock in Jinshandian Mine were obtained by regression. The results show that the average rebound value of −425 m horizontal powder ore rock in the east-west mining area is 19.35, and the average compressive strength is 6.58 MPa. The average rebound value of −455 m horizontal soft rock fracture zone in the west mining area is 21.92, and the average compressive strength is 14.994 MPa. The results are basically consistent with the results of the inversion of the soft powder rock roadway based on the convergence value of the roadway in Jinshandian Mine. The research results provide a feasible solution for the situation that was impossible to take samples on site for indoor rock compressive stength test under poor engineering geological conditions in underground engineering.

Deep mining  /  Soft powder ore rock  /  Rebound value  /  Uniaxial compressive strength  /  Empirical formula
石啸天, 陈清运, 朱汉明, 邵春悦, 刘珂君, 袁帅, 王朝旭. 基于回弹仪测试的地下巷道松软粉矿岩抗压强度研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (10) : 138 -143 .
Xiaotian SHI, Qingyun CHEN, Hanming ZHU, Chunyue SHAO, Kejun LIU, shuai YUAN, Chaoxu WANG. Study on Compressive Strength of Soft Powder Rock in Underground Roadway Based on Rebound Instrument Test[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (10) : 138 -143 .
正文
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0　引言
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深部岩体稳定性控制是巷道支护领域的研究热点之一。在矿山开采过程中，巷道松软粉矿岩的抗压强度评估一直是比较棘手的问题，自矿山岩石力学研究工作开展以来，尽管已有多种方法用于评估岩石的单轴抗压强度，但在松软粉矿岩等特殊地质条件下，常规方法因难以取出完整岩芯而无法适用。因此，研究一种可用于特殊工程地质条件下的岩石抗压强度检测方法，具有重要的理论和实践意义。
巷道松软粉矿岩的单轴抗压强度是评价矿山巷道稳定性的关键因素，同时也是规划井下支护措施的重要依据。回弹法作为一种便捷的无损检测方法，可根据回弹仪检测结果估算岩石抗压强度。自1960年起，国际学术界开始广泛探索回弹法在岩石强度检测中的应用，该方法通过使用回弹仪对岩石表面进行冲击测试，从而推测抗压强度。BARTON等[1]在评估岩体结构面抗压强度时采用了回弹指标，其方法因其操作简便和具有较高的现场适用性而得到广泛应用。AYDIN等[2]对不同型号回弹仪在岩石单轴抗压强度测定中的精度进行了研究，推荐使用N型回弹仪进行野外岩石强度测试。20世纪80年代，中国开始广泛使用回弹仪进行岩石力学强度的测试和研究。付永胜[3]研究了不同冲击能回弹仪与各类岩石单轴抗压强度的关系，全面分析了测试过程中多种因素的影响。刘宗平等[4]为寻求一种可靠的施密特锤数据处理方法，利用数理统计方法和灰色系统理论对数据的分布特征进行了分析，并提出了合理的冲击点数和冲击次数。1985年，中国制定了回弹仪测量混凝土强度的规范，并对规范内容持续进行改进。赵银栓等[5]针对非烧结混凝土多孔砖回弹法检测结果与实际抗压强度存在差异的问题，通过选取实际样本并开展试验，提出了更准确的换算强度计算公式，提高了检测的准确性。
不同类型岩石的回弹值与单轴抗压强度之间的关系函数存在显著差异。邱思检等[6]以碎屑岩为研究对象，发现回弹值与岩石抗压强度呈线性相关。王子娟等[7]建立了基于“超声-回弹-密度”综合法的岩石强度预测模型，为岩石强度的快速预测提供了新途径。不同学者所提出的经验公式，在适用性和准确性方面存在差异。龙德育等[8]通过大量试验研究，得到了适用于红层岩石的经验公式。姚树标等[9]结合声波试验和单轴压缩试验，提出了声波-回弹结合的二元回归分析方法，提高了公式的精确度。在矿山工程和岩土工程设计领域，回弹法可为研究岩石力学性质和解决工程实际问题提供一种简便、高效的手段。
本文以金山店矿深部开采地下巷道松软粉矿岩为研究背景，在东西采区−425 m、−455 m水平的掘进巷道粉矿体和矽卡岩破碎带，采用回弹仪进行回弹值测试。参照国家标准和行业标准中利用回弹仪测定混凝土抗压强度的公式，依据金山店矿矿岩工程地质特性，对国内外学者采用回弹仪进行岩块测试所总结出的经验公式进行优选，构建出回弹值和抗压强度的关联样本。旨在解决地下工程中处于不良工程地质条件下岩石抗压强度无法测定，以及岩石力学参数在低强度区间无法直接测试的问题。
1　工程背景
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金山店矿井下采准巷道具有量多面广、地质条件复杂多变、断面大且互相影响、安全性要求高等特点。东区1#矿体下盘存在大范围的极软破岩层，岩石呈灰白色或浅绿色，节理光滑并带有擦痕和灰绿色充填物，遇水迅速崩解和泥化，自稳时间不足，在此岩体中掘进井巷时，经常出现垮冒现象，巷道维护也十分困难，导致开采条件恶化。2#矿体下盘巷道位于强度低、水理性强、自稳性差的绿泥化矽卡岩体中，岩体受构造活动影响，具有明显的压碎现象，岩石破碎，裂隙发育，完整性差。粉状磁铁矿石多呈透镜状和不规则状，夹于块状矿石之中，构成矿体的软弱夹层。存在此种软弱夹层的矿段，其稳固性会有所降低。
2　回弹法检测岩石强度试验
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在金山店矿东采区−425 m水平818矿块的29#、30#进路，以及西采区−425 m水平东7#进路，采用检测范围为2~15 MPa的ZC5型砂浆回弹仪对粉矿（掌子面及巷道两帮位置）进行回弹值测试。在西采区−455 m水平55#、5#进路，采用检测范围为10~60 MPa的ZC3-A型混凝土回弹仪对软岩破碎带进行回弹值测试。
2.1　粉矿现场回弹试验
根据金山店矿工程地质特性，粉矿岩体表面为细粉末状，无法现场取出完整矿岩体试样，采用ZC5型砂浆回弹仪进行原位测定，用回弹值R表示。测试时，在掌子面以及巷道两帮未喷浆处选择相对平整的新鲜岩面，用地质锤刮净表面粉矿，露出相对坚硬岩面，在该岩面上均匀布置回弹点，每个测试点布置的回弹点不少于10个，各回弹点之间的间距不小于3 cm，每个回弹点测试一次。利用砂浆回弹仪进行回弹值测试时，需记录回弹值，并测量回弹仪与水平面之间的夹角。保证每个测区有10~16个回弹值，根据实际测量情况，去掉1~3个最大值和3个最小值之后再取平均值，作为该测区的回弹值。
2.2　软岩现场回弹试验
受工程地质条件影响，金山店矿地处多条断层交接处，围岩裂隙发育，巷道围岩多表现为“粉、碎、膨”，即矽卡岩呈破碎状，无法直接在掌子面进行回弹测试。因此，在西采区−455 m水平55#进路，选择在巷道帮部矽卡岩裸露部位进行回弹试验；在5#进路，选择掘进巷道矽卡岩爆堆中完整新鲜岩块进行回弹试验。
测试时，在岩块上均匀布置回弹点，每个测试点布置的回弹点不少于10个，各回弹点之间的间距不小于3 cm，每个回弹点只测试一次。每次测试回弹值时，记录回弹值并测量回弹仪与水平面之间的夹角。确保每个测区有8个回弹值，根据实际测量情况，去掉1个最大值和1个最小值之后取平均值，作为该测区的回弹值。
3　试验结果
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3.1　粉矿及软岩破碎带回弹试验结果
受风化作用、岩体松动、爆破作业产生的粉尘以及地质构造特点等的影响，回弹值所测结果为岩石表面回弹值，岩石内部回弹值应比测量结果略大。根据《回弹法检测混凝土抗压强度技术规程》（JGJ/T 23—2011），统一回弹仪检测方法的目的是为了保证检测结果的准确性和可靠性。不同型号回弹仪可能有不同的测量原理和能量输出，因此，明确回弹仪的型号有助于确保测试结果的一致性和可比性。不同型号的回弹仪则适用于不同岩性、不同条件下的试验，这有助于确保岩石强度测试结果的科学性和实用性。
由回弹仪现场回弹值测试结果可知，东西采区−425 m水平粉矿回弹值均值为19.35，西采区−455 m水平软岩破碎带回弹值均值为21.92，粉矿体和软岩破碎带回弹值测试结果见表1。
3.2　岩石回弹值与单轴抗压强度的函数关系
国内外学者对于岩石回弹值与单轴抗压强度（UCS)的拟合关系的研究已有较为丰富的成果，众多估算方法也得到行业内的认可。对于岩石回弹值与单轴抗压强度的换算关系，主要在实验室和野外开展试验研究，岩性、回弹仪型号以及试验方法不同时，各公式之间的差异性也较大。
对比以前学者的研究发现，常见的拟合关系主要是幂函数、指数函数、一元及二元线性函数拟合等。对岩石回弹和单轴抗压强度的关系拟合函数进行整理分析，得出33条不同岩性条件下的回弹值与岩石抗压强度的经验公式[10]。根据《回弹法检测混凝土抗压强度技术规程》(JGJ/T 23—2011)及《砌体工程现场检测技术标准》(GB/T 50315—2011)中的标准回弹法测强公式进行计算，并采用Origin软件绘制强度曲线。结果显示，将回弹值代入经验公式后，所绘制的抗压强度散点图的测强曲线存在相关性，以国家标准和行业标准中砂浆、混凝土抗压强度测强公式为参照基准，将部分与国家标准和行业标准测强曲线偏差较大的经验公式剔除，优选出曲线趋势相近的几个经验公式，如图1和图2所示。将实测回弹值分别代入上述测强公式和经验公式，构建出回弹值和抗压强度的关联样本。保留的相关经验公式见表2。
4　分析与讨论
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4.1　巷道松软粉矿岩抗压强度经验公式的确定
结合优选后保留的经验公式所涉及的相关工程背景，参照国家标准和行业标准中测强曲线得出的单轴抗压强度，经回归拟合得到适用于金山店矿松软粉矿岩的抗压强度经验公式，拟合相关性系数用r2表示，粉矿和软岩破碎带中回弹值与单轴抗压强度拟合曲线如图3至图5所示。
由图3至图5可知，粉矿可采用线性回归拟合，经验公式为：UCS=0.858 78R−10.042 25, r2=0.834，相关性系数较为可靠。软岩破碎带由于回弹值与岩石单轴抗压强度散点呈曲线型分布，若采用线性拟合，离散性较大，故采用指数函数及幂函数拟合。基于国家标准和行业标准中的测强曲线，结合砂浆回弹仪测量范围2~15 MPa，以及混凝土回弹仪测量范围10~60 MPa，剔除个别不符合规范量程的离散点，得出金山店矿松软粉矿岩两个修正测强经验公式，分别为：UCS=3.948 4e0.058 96R，r2=0.706；UCS=0.194 88R1.401 67，r2=0.675。经验算对比后发现，由指数函数得到的经验公式估算出抗压强度平均值为7.765 MPa，不符合回弹仪检测量程范围，应舍去，仅保留幂函数经验公式。
4.2　巷道松软粉矿岩抗压强度估值
采用数理统计方法，针对金山店矿松软粉矿岩，回归得到两个修正的测强经验公式。采用该经验公式对金山店矿松软粉矿岩的抗压强度进行计算，结果见表3。
由表3可知，金山店矿东西采区−425 m水平3条主要采矿进路粉矿抗压强度平均值为6.58 MPa，西区−455 m水平软岩破碎带抗压强度平均值为14.994 MPa。参考武钢金山店铁矿Ⅰ区西部矿块崩落采矿法试验研究鉴定资料中粉状磁铁矿抗压强度5.14 MPa，矽卡岩抗压强度13.67 MPa，可知本文所得抗压强度在相应岩石力学参数的合理范围内。因此，在该岩性条件下，利用回弹法得出的估算结果具有可靠性，可为不良地质条件下矿山深部开采采场稳定性研究提供矿岩体力学参数。
5　结论
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以金山店矿巷道松软粉矿岩为研究对象，对主要矿岩材料采用回弹仪进行了回弹值测试，参照国家标准和行业标准中回弹仪检测混凝土抗压强度的测强公式，结合金山店矿矿岩工程地质特性，对国内外学者总结出的经验公式进行优选，构建出回弹值和抗压强度的关联样本。采用数理统计方法，回归得到金山店矿松软粉矿岩的两个修正测强经验公式，主要得出以下结论。
（1）经回弹仪现场回弹值测试结果可知，东西采区−425 m水平粉矿回弹值均值为19.35，西采区−455 m水平软岩破碎带回弹值均值为21.92。
（2）采用数理统计方法，回归得到金山店矿松软粉矿岩的两个修正测强经验公式，其中，粉矿回弹值与抗压强度呈线性关系，经验公式为UCS=0.858 78R−10.042 25，相关性系数为0.834；软岩破碎带回弹值与岩石抗压强度呈曲线型分布，经验公式为UCS=0.194 88R1.401 67，相关性系数为0.675。
（3）采用该经验公式得出金山店矿东西采区−425 m水平粉矿抗压强度平均值为6.58 MPa，西区−455 m水平软岩破碎带抗压强度平均值为14.994 MPa，该结果与金山店矿松软粉矿岩巷道基于巷道收敛值反演出的结果基本一致，表明采用回弹仪对巷道松软粉矿岩进行抗压强度直接测试具有可靠性。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52174086)
  • 武汉工程大学研究生教育创新基金项目(CX2023172)
文献
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2025年第45卷第10期
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  • 接收时间：2024-11-07
  • 首发时间：2026-02-06
  • 出版时间：2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-11-07
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52174086)
武汉工程大学研究生教育创新基金项目(CX2023172)
作者信息
    1.武汉工程大学 资源与安全工程学院，湖北　武汉　430074
    2.武钢资源集团金山店矿业有限公司，湖北　大冶市　435116

通讯作者:

陈清运（1964一），男，湖北武汉人，博士，教授，主要从事采矿工程教学与研究工作。E-mail:
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