Article(id=1226462296046743567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1226462293408531329, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732636800000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770340997945, onlineDateStr=2026-02-06, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770340997945, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770340997945, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770340997945, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226462293408531329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770340997315, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770341205851, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226463168155792201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1226462293408531329, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226463168155792202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1226462293408531329, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=12, endPage=21, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226462296348733461, articleId=1226462296046743567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Research Status of Glycine Green Hydrometallurgical Leaching Technology, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In view of the limitations of existing technologies in the field of hydrometallurgy regarding green environmental protection, the application value and development potential of the glycine leaching system as a new type of green hydrometallurgical leaching technology were explored. By analyzing the unique physicochemical properties of glycine and its application advantages in the hydrometallurgy industry, the development history of the glycine hydrometallurgical leaching technology was reviewed, the research status and commercial dynamics of this technology in treating different types of mineral resources were sorted out, and the main existing problems of the technology were systematically summarized. The research results show that the glycine green hydrometallurgical leaching technology can expand the existing technologies in the metallurgical industry, and has the potential to replace the traditional cyanide gold extraction technology, especially in the field of rare and precious metals. Meanwhile, from aspects such as applicable fields, leaching efficiency of target metals, universality for secondary resources, and the mechanism of synergistic leaching systems, the development direction of the technology is clarified. The glycine green hydrometallurgical leaching technology has significant application value in the field of green hydrometallurgy, and can provide references for metal resource utilization, recovery of rare and precious resources, and secondary resource processing.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Fulai HAO, Ye ZHENG, Shibiao ZHANG, Yanming ZHANG, Yanbai SHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1226462305169355342, articleId=1226462296046743567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=甘氨酸绿色湿法浸出工艺研究现状, columnId=1226462296445202457, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=资源绿色开发综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对当前湿法冶金领域现有技术在绿色环保方面的局限,探索甘氨酸浸出体系这一新型绿色湿法浸出工艺的应用价值与发展潜力。通过分析甘氨酸特有的物理化学特性及其在湿法冶金行业的应用优势,回顾甘氨酸湿法浸出工艺的发展历程,梳理该工艺处理不同类型矿产资源的研究现状与商业动态,并系统归纳工艺现存主要问题。研究结果表明,甘氨酸绿色湿法浸出工艺可拓展冶金行业现有技术,尤其在稀贵金属领域具备替代传统氰化提金工艺的潜力,同时从适用领域、目标金属浸出效果、次级资源普适性及协同浸出体系作用机制等方面,明晰了该工艺的发展方向。甘氨酸绿色湿法浸出工艺在绿色湿法冶金领域具有显著应用价值,可为金属资源化、稀贵资源回收及次级资源处理提供参考。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
沈岩柏(1978一),男,黑龙江密山人,博士,教授,主要从事矿山污染物传感监测与危害防治研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Sy/zZN1OuopP0X9y5xSHlQ==, magXml=mvtTLRDpFhcaGx7oDAAHZg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=CuvjV7svxralYJGmXOq5UQ==, pdfFileSize=2370571, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Q1LWRkxJMbjmvmVmwgd5Bw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=5UeblSHLY0egYLXuGuKiAQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

郝福来(1982一),男,内蒙古赤峰人,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事黄金选冶技术研发工作。E-mail:

, authorsList=郝福来, 郑晔, 张世镖, 张晏铭, 沈岩柏)}, authors=[Author(id=1226462305899164309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=feihu55@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1226462306092102317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, authorId=1226462305899164309, language=EN, stringName=Fulai HAO, firstName=Fulai, middleName=null, lastName=HAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China
2.Changchun Gold Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changchun, Jilin 130012, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1226462306285040320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, authorId=1226462305899164309, language=CN, stringName=郝福来, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.东北大学 资源与土木工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110819
2.长春黄金研究院有限公司,吉林 长春 130012, bio={"content":"

郝福来(1982一),男,内蒙古赤峰人,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事黄金选冶技术研发工作。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

郝福来(1982一),男,内蒙古赤峰人,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事黄金选冶技术研发工作。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226462305483928169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462305504899694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, companyId=1226462305483928169, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462305517482607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, companyId=1226462305483928169, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.东北大学 资源与土木工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110819)]), AuthorCompany(id=1226462305626534523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462305643311740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, companyId=1226462305626534523, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Changchun Gold Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changchun, Jilin 130012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462305706226309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, companyId=1226462305626534523, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.长春黄金研究院有限公司,吉林 长春 130012)])]), Author(id=1226462306423452365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1226462306524115675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, authorId=1226462306423452365, language=EN, stringName=Ye ZHENG, firstName=Ye, middleName=null, lastName=ZHENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Changchun Gold Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changchun, Jilin 130012, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1226462306624778982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, authorId=1226462306423452365, language=CN, stringName=郑晔, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.长春黄金研究院有限公司,吉林 长春 130012, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226462305626534523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462305643311740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, companyId=1226462305626534523, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Changchun Gold Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changchun, Jilin 130012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462305706226309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, companyId=1226462305626534523, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.长春黄金研究院有限公司,吉林 长春 130012)])]), Author(id=1226462306704470771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1226462306834494208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, authorId=1226462306704470771, language=EN, stringName=Shibiao ZHANG, firstName=Shibiao, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Changchun Gold Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changchun, Jilin 130012, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1226462306960323342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, authorId=1226462306704470771, language=CN, stringName=张世镖, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.长春黄金研究院有限公司,吉林 长春 130012, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226462305626534523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462305643311740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, companyId=1226462305626534523, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Changchun Gold Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changchun, Jilin 130012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462305706226309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, companyId=1226462305626534523, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.长春黄金研究院有限公司,吉林 长春 130012)])]), Author(id=1226462307065180960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1226462307161649967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, authorId=1226462307065180960, language=EN, stringName=Yanming ZHANG, firstName=Yanming, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Changchun Gold Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changchun, Jilin 130012, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1226462307270701882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, authorId=1226462307065180960, language=CN, stringName=张晏铭, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.长春黄金研究院有限公司,吉林 长春 130012, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226462305626534523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462305643311740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, companyId=1226462305626534523, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Changchun Gold Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changchun, Jilin 130012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462305706226309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, companyId=1226462305626534523, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.长春黄金研究院有限公司,吉林 长春 130012)])]), Author(id=1226462307396531021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=shenyangbai@mail.neu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1226462307736269666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, authorId=1226462307396531021, language=EN, stringName=Yanbai SHEN, firstName=Yanbai, middleName=null, lastName=SHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1226462307853710190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, authorId=1226462307396531021, language=CN, stringName=沈岩柏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.东北大学 资源与土木工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110819, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226462305483928169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462305504899694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, companyId=1226462305483928169, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462305517482607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, companyId=1226462305483928169, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.东北大学 资源与土木工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110819)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1226462307962762117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Glycine), Keyword(id=1226462308264752022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Green hydrometallurgical leaching technology), Keyword(id=1226462308369609632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Hydrometallurgy), Keyword(id=1226462308478661552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Metal resource utilization), Keyword(id=1226462308633850816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=Rare and precious resources recovery), Keyword(id=1226462308784845778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=Secondary resource processing), Keyword(id=1226462308906480612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=甘氨酸), Keyword(id=1226462309015532525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=绿色湿法浸出工艺), Keyword(id=1226462309082641401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=湿法冶金), Keyword(id=1226462309170720768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=金属资源化), Keyword(id=1226462309279772687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=稀贵资源回收), Keyword(id=1226462309393018910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=次级资源处理)], refs=[Reference(id=1226462311167209665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=87, issue=2, pageStart=995, pageEnd=1012, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=MUZZARELLI R A A, BOUDRANT J, MEYER D, journalName=Carbohydrate Polymers, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MUZZARELLI R A A, BOUDRANT J, MEYER D, et al. Current views on fungal chitin/chitosan, human chitinases, food preservation, glucans, pectins and inulin: a tribute to Henri Braconnot, precursor of the carbohydrate polymers science, on the chitin bicentennial[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2012, 87(2):995-1012., articleTitle=Current views on fungal chitin/chitosan, human chitinases, food preservation, glucans, pectins and inulin: a tribute to Henri Braconnot, precursor of the carbohydrate polymers science, on the chitin bicentennial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462311251095750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=148, issue=1, pageStart=B51, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=AKSU S, DOYLE F M, journalName=Journal of the Electrochemical Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AKSU S, DOYLE F M. Electrochemistry of copper in aqueous glycine solutions[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2001, 148(1):B51., articleTitle=Electrochemistry of copper in aqueous glycine solutions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462311364341963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=24, issue=9, pageStart=1022, pageEnd=1024, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=FENG D, VAN DEVENTER J S J, journalName=Minerals Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FENG D, VAN DEVENTER J S J. The role of amino acids in the thiosulphate leaching of gold[J]. Minerals Engineering, 2011, 24(9):1022-1024., articleTitle=The role of amino acids in the thiosulphate leaching of gold, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462311435645136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=EKSTEEN J J, ORABY E A, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=EKSTEEN J J, ORABY E A. A process for copper and/or precious metal recovery: WO2015/031943A1[P]. 2015-06-18., articleTitle=A process for copper and/or precious metal recovery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462311502754006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=70, issue=null, pageStart=36, pageEnd=42, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=EKSTEEN J J, ORABY E A, journalName=Minerals Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=EKSTEEN J J, ORABY E A. The leaching and adsorption of gold using low concentration amino acids and hydrogen peroxide: effect of catalytic ions, sulphide minerals and amino acid type[J]. Minerals Engineering, 2015, 70:36-42., articleTitle=The leaching and adsorption of gold using low concentration amino acids and hydrogen peroxide: effect of catalytic ions, sulphide minerals and amino acid type, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462311599223005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=156, issue=null, pageStart=81, pageEnd=88, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=ORABY E A, EKSTEEN J J, journalName=Hydrometallurgy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ORABY E A, EKSTEEN J J. Gold leaching in cyanide-starved copper solutions in the presence of glycine[J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2015, 156:81-88., articleTitle=Gold leaching in cyanide-starved copper solutions in the presence of glycine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462311712469222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=169, issue=null, pageStart=339, pageEnd=345, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=ORABY E A, EKSTEEN J J, TANDA B C, journalName=Hydrometallurgy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ORABY E A, EKSTEEN J J, TANDA B C. Gold and copper leaching from gold-copper ores and concentrates using a synergistic lixiviant mixture of glycine and cyanide[J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2017, 169:339-345., articleTitle=Gold and copper leaching from gold-copper ores and concentrates using a synergistic lixiviant mixture of glycine and cyanide, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462311825715440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=57, issue=4, pageStart=390, pageEnd=398, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=EKSTEEN J J, ORABY E A, TANDA B C, journalName=Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, refType=null, unstructuredReference=EKSTEEN J J, ORABY E A, TANDA B C, et al. Towards industrial implementation of glycine-based leach and adsorption technologies for gold-copper ores[J]. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 2018, 57(4):390-398., articleTitle=Towards industrial implementation of glycine-based leach and adsorption technologies for gold-copper ores, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462311938961657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=SEAMAN B, NEWTON T, ORABY E A, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SEAMAN B, NEWTON T, ORABY E A, et al. Development of a glycine-cyanide leach process for gold-copper concentrate [C]//Proceedings of ALTA Hydrometallurgy Conference. Perth: ALTA Metallurgical Services, 2019., articleTitle=Development of a glycine-cyanide leach process for gold-copper concentrate, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462312056402177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=O'MALLEY G, ORABY E, TRASK F, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=O'MALLEY G, ORABY E, TRASK F, et al. Recent advances with the GlyCatTM process for extraction of gold and silver in the presence of copper[C]//Proceedings of ALTA hydrometallurgy conference. Perth: ALTA Metallurgical Services, 2022., articleTitle=Recent advances with the GlyCatTM process for extraction of gold and silver in the presence of copper, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462312152871175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=150, issue=null, pageStart=14, pageEnd=19, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=ORABY E A, EKSTEEN J J, journalName=Hydrometallurgy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ORABY E A, EKSTEEN J J. The selective leaching of copper from a gold-copper concentrate in glycine solutions[J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2014, 150:14-19., articleTitle=The selective leaching of copper from a gold-copper concentrate in glycine solutions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462312257728784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=167, issue=null, pageStart=153, pageEnd=162, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=TANDA B C, EKSTEEN J J, ORABY E A, journalName=Hydrometallurgy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANDA B C, EKSTEEN J J, ORABY E A. An investigation into the leaching behaviour of copper oxide minerals in aqueous alkaline glycine solutions[J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2017, 167:153-162., articleTitle=An investigation into the leaching behaviour of copper oxide minerals in aqueous alkaline glycine solutions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462312375169303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=178, issue=null, pageStart=264, pageEnd=273, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=TANDA B C, EKSTEEN J J, ORABY E A, journalName=Hydrometallurgy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANDA B C, EKSTEEN J J, ORABY E A. Kinetics of chalcocite leaching in oxygenated alkaline glycine solutions[J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2018, 178:264-273., articleTitle=Kinetics of chalcocite leaching in oxygenated alkaline glycine solutions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462312488415518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=447, pageEnd=484, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=AYLMORE M G, journalName=Gold Ore Processing (Second Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=AYLMORE M G. Alternative lixiviants to cyanide for leaching gold ores[J]. Gold Ore Processing (Second Edition), 2016:447-484., articleTitle=Alternative lixiviants to cyanide for leaching gold ores, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462312580690215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=138, issue=null, pageStart=112, pageEnd=118, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=ORABY E A, EKSTEEN J J, KARRECH A, journalName=Minerals Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ORABY E A, EKSTEEN J J, KARRECH A, et al. Gold extraction from paleochannel ores using an aerated alkaline glycine lixiviant for consideration in heap and in-situ leaching applications[J]. Minerals Engineering, 2019, 138:112-118., articleTitle=Gold extraction from paleochannel ores using an aerated alkaline glycine lixiviant for consideration in heap and in-situ leaching applications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462312677159218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=139, issue=null, pageStart=122, pageEnd=139, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=LI H, EKSTEEN J, ORABY E, journalName=Resources, Conservation and Recycling, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI H, EKSTEEN J, ORABY E. Hydrometallurgical recovery of metals from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs): current status and perspectives: a review[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2018, 139:122-139., articleTitle=Hydrometallurgical recovery of metals from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs): current status and perspectives: a review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462312769433917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=181, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=LI H, ORABY E, EKSTEEN J, journalName=Minerals Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI H, ORABY E, EKSTEEN J. Extraction of precious metals from waste printed circuit boards using cyanide-free alkaline glycine solution in the presence of an oxidant[J]. Minerals Engineering, 2022, 181:107501., articleTitle=Extraction of precious metals from waste printed circuit boards using cyanide-free alkaline glycine solution in the presence of an oxidant, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462312891068745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=21, issue=15, pageStart=1109, pageEnd=1114, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=XIE F, DREISINGER D, LU J M, journalName=Minerals Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE F, DREISINGER D, LU J M. The novel application of ferricyanide as an oxidant in the cyanidation of gold and silver[J]. Minerals Engineering, 2008, 21(15): 1109-1114., articleTitle=The novel application of ferricyanide as an oxidant in the cyanidation of gold and silver, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462313012703569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=9, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=李洪慧, 李青云, 李梅, journalName=化工进展, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李洪慧,李青云,李梅,等.生物法处理典型难降解铁氰络合物[J/OL].化工进展:1-9[2024-11-13].https://doi.org/10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0286., articleTitle=生物法处理典型难降解铁氰络合物, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462313134338393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=9, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=19, authorNames=LI Honghui, LI Qingyun, LI Mei, journalName=Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Honghui, LI Qingyun, LI Mei, et al. Biodegradation of typical refractory metal cyanide complexes: iron cyanide complexes [J/OL]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress: 1-9[2024-11-13]. https://doi.org/10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0286., articleTitle=Biodegradation of typical refractory metal cyanide complexes: iron cyanide complexes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462313264361831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=61, issue=2, pageStart=232, pageEnd=241, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=20, authorNames=INSAUSTI M J, MATA-PÉREZ F, ALVAREZ-MACHO M P, journalName=Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=INSAUSTI M J, MATA-PÉREZ F, ALVAREZ-MACHO M P. Kinetic study of the oxidation of glycine by permanganate ions in acid medium[J]. Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1996, 61(2):232-241., articleTitle=Kinetic study of the oxidation of glycine by permanganate ions in acid medium, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462313398579572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=12, issue=5, pageStart=612, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=21, authorNames=LI H, ORABY E, EKSTEEN J, journalName=Minerals, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI H, ORABY E, EKSTEEN J, et al. Extraction of gold and copper from flotation tailings using glycine-ammonia solutions in the presence of permanganate[J]. Minerals, 2022, 12(5):612., articleTitle=Extraction of gold and copper from flotation tailings using glycine-ammonia solutions in the presence of permanganate, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462314082251143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1954, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=192, pageEnd=199, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=22, authorNames=ISSA I M, ISSA R M, journalName=Analytica Chimica Acta, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ISSA I M, ISSA R M. Formic acid as a reagent for alkaline permanganate: potentiometric determination of formate[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1954, 11:192-199., articleTitle=Formic acid as a reagent for alkaline permanganate: potentiometric determination of formate, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462314216468881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=7, issue=1, pageStart=63, pageEnd=70, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=23, authorNames=YERNENI K K, CHOLKAR K, GUIN M, journalName=Current Physical Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YERNENI K K, CHOLKAR K, GUIN M, et al. Palladium (Ⅱ) catalyzed oxidation of glycine by ferricyanide in acid medium: kinetics and mechanism[J]. Current Physical Chemistry, 2017, 7(1):63-70., articleTitle=Palladium (Ⅱ) catalyzed oxidation of glycine by ferricyanide in acid medium: kinetics and mechanism, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462314321326489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=113, issue=null, pageStart=28, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=24, authorNames=LU Y, XU Z M, journalName=Resources, Conservation & Recycling, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LU Y, XU Z M. Precious metals recovery from waste printed circuit boards: a review for current status and perspective[J]. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 2016, 113:28-39., articleTitle=Precious metals recovery from waste printed circuit boards: a review for current status and perspective, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462314438767010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=216, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=25, authorNames=LI H, DENG Z X, ORABY E, journalName=Hydrometallurgy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI H, DENG Z X, ORABY E, et al. Amino acids as lixiviants for metals extraction from natural and secondary resources with emphasis on glycine: a literature review[J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2023, 216:106008., articleTitle=Amino acids as lixiviants for metals extraction from natural and secondary resources with emphasis on glycine: a literature review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462314552013224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=145, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=26, authorNames=EKSTEEN J J, ORABY E A, NGUYEN V, journalName=Minerals Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=EKSTEEN J J, ORABY E A, NGUYEN V. Leaching and ion exchange based recovery of nickel and cobalt from a low grade, serpentine-rich sulfide ore using an alkaline glycine lixiviant system[J]. Minerals Engineering, 2020, 145:106073., articleTitle=Leaching and ion exchange based recovery of nickel and cobalt from a low grade, serpentine-rich sulfide ore using an alkaline glycine lixiviant system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462314677842356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=27, authorNames=SABA M, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SABA M. The extraction behaviour of zinc, lead and silver from ores and concentrates by glycine leaching processes[D]. Perth: Curtin University, 2019., articleTitle=The extraction behaviour of zinc, lead and silver from ores and concentrates by glycine leaching processes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462314816254396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=185, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=28, authorNames=KHODAEI H, HAGHSHENAS DAVOUD F, FIROOZI S, journalName=Minerals Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KHODAEI H, HAGHSHENAS DAVOUD F, FIROOZI S. Selective leaching of zinc from carbonate source using glycine as an ecofriendly lixiviant[J]. Minerals Engineering, 2022, 185:107680., articleTitle=Selective leaching of zinc from carbonate source using glycine as an ecofriendly lixiviant, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462314908529088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=203, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=29, authorNames=ORABY E, LI H, DENG Z X, journalName=Minerals Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ORABY E, LI H, DENG Z X, et al. Selective extraction of Ni and Co from a pyrrhotite-rich flotation slime using an alkaline glycine-based leach system[J]. Minerals Engineering, 2023, 203:108330., articleTitle=Selective extraction of Ni and Co from a pyrrhotite-rich flotation slime using an alkaline glycine-based leach system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462315009192389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=30, authorNames=EKSTEEN J J, ORABY E A, LOMBARD L, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=EKSTEEN J J, ORABY E A, LOMBARD L, et al. Leaching of cobalt bearing nickel sulfide and furnace converter mattes with alkaline glycine, and subsequent SX and IX [C]//Proceedings of ALTA Hydrometallurgy Conference. Perth: ALTA Metallurgical Services, 2018., articleTitle=Leaching of cobalt bearing nickel sulfide and furnace converter mattes with alkaline glycine, and subsequent SX and IX, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462315135021518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=273, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=31, authorNames=HUANG Yukun, GUO Haojie, ZHANG Chen, journalName=Separation and Purification Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG Yukun, GUO Haojie, ZHANG Chen, et al. A novel method for the separation of zinc and cobalt from hazardous zinc-cobalt slag via an alkaline glycine solution[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2021, 273:119009., articleTitle=A novel method for the separation of zinc and cobalt from hazardous zinc-cobalt slag via an alkaline glycine solution, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462315227296215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=440, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=32, authorNames=ZHENG Xuan, LIU Jiayao, WEI Yibin, journalName=Chemical Engineering Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHENG Xuan, LIU Jiayao, WEI Yibin, et al. Glycine-mediated leaching-mineralization cycle for CO2 sequestration and CaCO3 production from coal fly ash: dual functions of glycine as a proton donor and receptor[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 440:135900., articleTitle=Glycine-mediated leaching-mineralization cycle for CO2 sequestration and CaCO3 production from coal fly ash: dual functions of glycine as a proton donor and receptor, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462315336348128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=9, issue=8, pageStart=3246, pageEnd=3257, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=33, authorNames=ZHENG Q X, SHIBAZAKI K, HIRAMA S, journalName=ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHENG Q X, SHIBAZAKI K, HIRAMA S, et al. Glycine-assisted hydrothermal leaching of LiCoO2/LiNiO2 cathode materials with high efficiency and negligible acid corrosion employing batch and continuous flow system[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2021, 9(8):3246-3257., articleTitle=Glycine-assisted hydrothermal leaching of LiCoO2/LiNiO2 cathode materials with high efficiency and negligible acid corrosion employing batch and continuous flow system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462315411845610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=242, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=34, authorNames=OGHABI H, HAGHSHENAS DAVOUD F, FIROOZI S, journalName=Separation and Purification Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OGHABI H, HAGHSHENAS DAVOUD F, FIROOZI S. Selective separation of Cd from spent Ni-Cd battery using glycine as an eco-friendly leachant and its recovery as CdS nanoparticles[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2020, 242:116832., articleTitle=Selective separation of Cd from spent Ni-Cd battery using glycine as an eco-friendly leachant and its recovery as CdS nanoparticles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462315533480438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=482, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=35, authorNames=CHEN Mengjun, WANG Rong, QI Yaping, journalName=Journal of Power Sources, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Mengjun, WANG Rong, QI Yaping, et al. Cobalt and lithium leaching from waste lithium ion batteries by glycine[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2021, 482:228942., articleTitle=Cobalt and lithium leaching from waste lithium ion batteries by glycine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462315642532353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=36, authorNames=SETHURAJAN M, SHIRODKER M G P, RENE E R, journalName=Environmental Technology & Innovation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SETHURAJAN M, SHIRODKER M G P, RENE E R, et al. Hydrometallurgical leaching and recovery of cobalt from lithium ion battery[J]. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 2022, 28:102915., articleTitle=Hydrometallurgical leaching and recovery of cobalt from lithium ion battery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462315734807047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=19, issue=4, pageStart=1, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=37, authorNames=MURALI A, SARSWAT P K, BENEDICT J, journalName=International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MURALI A, SARSWAT P K, BENEDICT J, et al. Determination of metallic and polymeric contents in electronic waste materials and evaluation of their hydrometallurgical recovery potential[J]. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2022, 19(4):1-14., articleTitle=Determination of metallic and polymeric contents in electronic waste materials and evaluation of their hydrometallurgical recovery potential, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462315839664655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=38, issue=12, pageStart=106, pageEnd=107+112, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=38, authorNames=林龙飞, journalName=中国资源综合利用, refType=null, unstructuredReference=林龙飞.论电子废弃物资源化利用研究进展[J].中国资源综合利用202038(12):106-107+112., articleTitle=论电子废弃物资源化利用研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462315906773523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=38, issue=12, pageStart=106, pageEnd=107+112, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=39, authorNames=LIN Longfei, journalName=China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIN Longfei. Discussion on the research progress of electronic waste resource utilization[J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2020, 38(12):106-107+112., articleTitle=Discussion on the research progress of electronic waste resource utilization, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462315973882394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=5, issue=4, pageStart=125, pageEnd=127, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=40, authorNames=赵英, 化虎蝶, 徐霞, journalName=皮革制作与环保科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵英,化虎蝶,徐霞.电子废弃物资源化处理技术关键及其实践探讨[J].皮革制作与环保科技20245(4):125-127., articleTitle=电子废弃物资源化处理技术关键及其实践探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462316070351393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=5, issue=4, pageStart=125, pageEnd=127, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=41, authorNames=ZHAO Ying, HUA Hudie, XU Xia, journalName=Leather Manufacture and Environmental Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Ying, HUA Hudie, XU Xia. Key points and practice discussion of electronic waste recycling treatment technology[J]. Leather Manufacture and Environmental Technology, 2024, 5(4):125-127., articleTitle=Key points and practice discussion of electronic waste recycling treatment technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462316158431781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=42, authorNames=FORTI V, BALDE C P, KUEHR R, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FORTI V, BALDE C P, KUEHR R, et al. The global e-waste monitor 2020: quantities, flows and the circular economy potential [R]. Bonn/Geneva/Rotterdam: United Nations University (UNU)/United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)-co-hosted SCYCLE Programme, International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and International Solid Waste Association (ISWA), 2020., articleTitle=The global e-waste monitor 2020: quantities, flows and the circular economy potential, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462316263289386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=120, issue=null, pageStart=549, pageEnd=563, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=43, authorNames=SHITTU O S, WILLIAMS I D, SHAW P J, journalName=Waste Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHITTU O S, WILLIAMS I D, SHAW P J. Global e-waste management: can WEEE make a difference? a review of e-waste trends, legislation, contemporary issues and future challenges[J]. Waste Management, 2020, 120:549-563., articleTitle=Global e-waste management: can WEEE make a difference? a review of e-waste trends, legislation, contemporary issues and future challenges, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462316384924212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=43, issue=3, pageStart=567, pageEnd=576, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=44, authorNames=李历铨, 李伯含, 陈从喜, journalName=资源科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李历铨,李伯含,陈从喜.区域层面电子废弃物远景资源化潜力预测:以北京为例[J].资源科学202143(3):567-576., articleTitle=区域层面电子废弃物远景资源化潜力预测:以北京为例, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462316489781819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=43, issue=3, pageStart=567, pageEnd=576, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=45, authorNames=LI Liquan, LI Bohan, CHEN Congxi, journalName=Resources Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Liquan, LI Bohan, CHEN Congxi. Forecasting prospective potential of the secondary resources in electronic waste at the regional level: evidence from Beijing[J]. Resources Science, 2021, 43(3):567-576., articleTitle=Forecasting prospective potential of the secondary resources in electronic waste at the regional level: evidence from Beijing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462316644971077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=402, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=46, authorNames=SUN Bingbing, LI Beibei, MA Shexia, journalName=Journal of Cleaner Production, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN Bingbing, LI Beibei, MA Shexia, et al. The recycling potential of unregulated waste electrical and electronic equipment in China: generation, economic value, and cost-benefit analysis[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023, 402:136702., articleTitle=The recycling potential of unregulated waste electrical and electronic equipment in China: generation, economic value, and cost-benefit analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462316737245769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=126, issue=null, pageStart=209, pageEnd=218, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=47, authorNames=WANG Huaidong, ZHANG Shuhao, LI Bin, journalName=Resources, Conservation and Recycling, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Huaidong, ZHANG Shuhao, LI Bin, et al. Recovery of waste printed circuit boards through pyrometallurgical processing: a review[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2017, 126:209-218., articleTitle=Recovery of waste printed circuit boards through pyrometallurgical processing: a review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462316833714766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=27, issue=1, pageStart=33, pageEnd=42, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=48, authorNames=LI J Z, SHRIVASTAVA P, GAO Z, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Electronics Packaging Manufacturing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI J Z, SHRIVASTAVA P, GAO Z, et al. Printed circuit board recycling: a state-of-the-art survey[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electronics Packaging Manufacturing, 2004, 27(1):33-42., articleTitle=Printed circuit board recycling: a state-of-the-art survey, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462316905017939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=33, issue=5, pageStart=392, pageEnd=400, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=49, authorNames=XU Yuquan, LIU Junsheng, journalName=Waste Management & Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU Yuquan, LIU Junsheng. Recent developments and perspective of the spent waste printed circuit boards[J]. Waste Management & Research, 2015, 33(5):392-400., articleTitle=Recent developments and perspective of the spent waste printed circuit boards, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462317005681244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=41, issue=12, pageStart=106, pageEnd=113+119, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=50, authorNames=蒋冬梅, 陈姝媛, 梁倩, journalName=中国资源综合利用, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蒋冬梅,陈姝媛,梁倩,等.废电路板元器件稀土资源回收及其碳减排潜力研究[J].中国资源综合利用202341(12):106-113+119., articleTitle=废电路板元器件稀土资源回收及其碳减排潜力研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462317139898978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=41, issue=12, pageStart=106, pageEnd=113+119, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=51, authorNames=JIANG Dongmei, CHEN Shuyuan, LIANG Qian, journalName=China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG Dongmei, CHEN Shuyuan, LIANG Qian, et al. Research on rare earth resource recovery and carbon emission reduction potential of waste circuit board components[J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2023, 41(12):106-113+119., articleTitle=Research on rare earth resource recovery and carbon emission reduction potential of waste circuit board components, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462317227979368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=23, issue=6, pageStart=2365, pageEnd=2369, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=52, authorNames=SZAŁATKIEWICZ J, journalName=Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SZAŁATKIEWICZ J. Metals content in printed circuit board waste[J]. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2014, 23(6):2365-2369., articleTitle=Metals content in printed circuit board waste, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462317420917368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=3897, pageEnd=3909, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=53, authorNames=ORABY E A, LI H, EKSTEEN J J, journalName=Waste and Biomass Valorization, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ORABY E A, LI H, EKSTEEN J J. An alkaline glycine-based leach process of base and precious metals from powdered waste printed circuit boards[J]. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2020, 11:3897-3909., articleTitle=An alkaline glycine-based leach process of base and precious metals from powdered waste printed circuit boards, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462317529969282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=187, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=54, authorNames=LI H, ORABY E A, EKSTEEN J J, journalName=Resources, Conservation and Recycling, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI H, ORABY E A, EKSTEEN J J. Development of an integrated glycine-based process for base and precious metals recovery from waste printed circuit boards[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2022, 187:106631., articleTitle=Development of an integrated glycine-based process for base and precious metals recovery from waste printed circuit boards, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462317634826888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=154, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=55, authorNames=LI H, ORABY E A, EKSTEEN J J, journalName=Resources, Conservation and Recycling, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI H, ORABY E A, EKSTEEN J J. Extraction of copper and the co-leaching behaviour of other metals from waste printed circuit boards using alkaline glycine solutions[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2020, 154:104624., articleTitle=Extraction of copper and the co-leaching behaviour of other metals from waste printed circuit boards using alkaline glycine solutions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462317777433232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=30, issue=3, pageStart=869, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=56, authorNames=LAITOS J G, journalName=Pace Environmental Law Review, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LAITOS J G. Cyanide, mining, and the environment[J]. Pace Environmental Law Review, 2013, 30(3):869., articleTitle=Cyanide, mining, and the environment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1226462317886485145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=389, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=57, authorNames=REZAEE M, SANEIE R, MOHAMMADZADEH A, journalName=Journal of Cleaner Production, refType=null, unstructuredReference=REZAEE M, SANEIE R, MOHAMMADZADEH A, et al. Eco-friendly recovery of base and precious metals from waste printed circuit boards by step-wise glycine leaching: process optimization, kinetics modeling, and comparative life cycle assessment[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023, 389:136016., articleTitle=Eco-friendly recovery of base and precious metals from waste printed circuit boards by step-wise glycine leaching: process optimization, kinetics modeling, and comparative life cycle assessment, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1226462311049769143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, awardId=2023YFC2907803, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC2907803), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1226462305483928169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462305504899694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, companyId=1226462305483928169, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462305517482607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, companyId=1226462305483928169, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.东北大学 资源与土木工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110819)]), AuthorCompany(id=1226462305626534523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462305643311740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, companyId=1226462305626534523, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Changchun Gold Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changchun, Jilin 130012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1226462305706226309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, companyId=1226462305626534523, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.长春黄金研究院有限公司,吉林 长春 130012)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1226462309560791089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Development process of glycine leaching technology, figureFileSmall=yq4YPG8W4Z6F2voHpXnsBQ==, figureFileBig=Q1LWRkxJMbjmvmVmwgd5Bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462309669843004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, language=CN, label=图1, caption=甘氨酸浸出工艺的发展过程, figureFileSmall=yq4YPG8W4Z6F2voHpXnsBQ==, figureFileBig=Q1LWRkxJMbjmvmVmwgd5Bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462310122827869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=PCBs structure with different processing methods, figureFileSmall=SQD8Rp03l6+xcs/LGNWUkA==, figureFileBig=ve3SD8bf+G4zi18Og3V7IA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462310227685484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同加工方式的PCBs结构, figureFileSmall=SQD8Rp03l6+xcs/LGNWUkA==, figureFileBig=ve3SD8bf+G4zi18Og3V7IA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462310340931702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Process of metal recovery from WPCBs by glycine three-stage technology, figureFileSmall=83JhpJuFzvTL7scBPteT5g==, figureFileBig=b9ZrS6c1jpSoAW+Ftin6Hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462310458372229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, language=CN, label=图3, caption=甘氨酸三段浸出工艺回收WPCBs中金属的流程, figureFileSmall=83JhpJuFzvTL7scBPteT5g==, figureFileBig=b9ZrS6c1jpSoAW+Ftin6Hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462310571618444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Potential oxidants and related information in glycine leaching system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氧化剂反应氧化还原电对E0/V
O2/空气O2+4H++4e=2H2OO2/H2O1.23
O2+2H2O+4e=4OHO2/OH0.40
H2O2H2O2+2H++2e=2H2OH2O2/H2O1.76
ClOClO+H2O+2e=Cl+2OHClO/Cl0.89
Cl2Cl2(aq)+2e=2ClCl2/Cl1.40
Cu2+Cu2++2e=CuCu2+/Cu0.34
Cu2++e=Cu+Cu2+/Cu+0.16
Cu2++2CN+e=Cu(CN)21.12
I2I2(aq)+2e=2II2/I0.62
Fe3+Fe3++e=Fe2+Fe3+/Fe2+0.77
0.36
0.60
), ArticleFig(id=1226462310718419098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

甘氨酸浸出体系潜在氧化剂及其相关信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氧化剂反应氧化还原电对E0/V
O2/空气O2+4H++4e=2H2OO2/H2O1.23
O2+2H2O+4e=4OHO2/OH0.40
H2O2H2O2+2H++2e=2H2OH2O2/H2O1.76
ClOClO+H2O+2e=Cl+2OHClO/Cl0.89
Cl2Cl2(aq)+2e=2ClCl2/Cl1.40
Cu2+Cu2++2e=CuCu2+/Cu0.34
Cu2++e=Cu+Cu2+/Cu+0.16
Cu2++2CN+e=Cu(CN)21.12
I2I2(aq)+2e=2II2/I0.62
Fe3+Fe3++e=Fe2+Fe3+/Fe2+0.77
0.36
0.60
), ArticleFig(id=1226462310810693794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Stability constants of metal-glycine complexes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
稳定常数Cu+Cu2+Zn2+Ni2+Pb2+Co2+Fe2+Fe3+Au+Au3+Ag+Pd2+
KML8.605.526.185.535.234.137.053.419.12
KML210.015.549.9611.149.989.257.6518.0010.576.8917.55
KML316.2715.0010.76
), ArticleFig(id=1226462310907162796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462296046743567, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

金属-甘氨酸络合物的稳定常数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
稳定常数Cu+Cu2+Zn2+Ni2+Pb2+Co2+Fe2+Fe3+Au+Au3+Ag+Pd2+
KML8.605.526.185.535.234.137.053.419.12
KML210.015.549.9611.149.989.257.6518.0010.576.8917.55
KML316.2715.0010.76
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1225396331729022976, delFlag=0, nameCn=矿业研究与开发, nameEn=Mining Research and Development, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1005-2763, eissn=null, cn=43-1215/TD, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Mining Research and Development, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1770086852251, updatedTime=1770087111158, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=M, firstLetterEn=M, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=null, picEn=null, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1225397417764372753, language=CN, name=矿业研究与开发, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1770087111178, updatedTime=1770087111178, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.chinamine.org.cn/kyyjykf/author/login, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.chinamine.org.cn/kyyjykf/editor/login, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.chinamine.org.cn/kyyjykf/reviewer/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1225397417831481618, language=EN, name=Mining Research and Development, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1770087111194, updatedTime=1770087111194, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.chinamine.org.cn/kyyjykfen/author/login, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.chinamine.org.cn/kyyjykfen/editor/login, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.chinamine.org.cn/kyyjykfen/reviewer/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1225396423026438145, websiteList=[Website(id=1225409554104627231, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1225396423026438145, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kyyjykf/CN, language=CN, createTime=1770090004708, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770090031995, updateBy=18614031015, name=矿业研究与开发-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=矿业研究与开发, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1225410533512364352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225409554104627231, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770090238216, updateTime=1770090238216, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225410533487198525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225409554104627231, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770090238210, updateTime=1770090238210, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225410533533335875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225409554104627231, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770090238221, updateTime=1770090238221, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225410533470421308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225409554104627231, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kyyjykf/EN/file/pic?fileId=++etCLRiS7F8czudkkUdPA==, createTime=1770090238206, updateTime=1770090238206, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225410533550113093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225409554104627231, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770090238225, updateTime=1770090238225, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225410533508170047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225409554104627231, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kyyjykf/CN/file/pic, createTime=1770090238215, updateTime=1770090238215, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225410533541724484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225409554104627231, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770090238223, updateTime=1770090238223, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225410533499781438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225409554104627231, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1770090238213, updateTime=1770090238213, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225410533520752961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225409554104627231, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770090238218, updateTime=1770090238218, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225410533524947266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225409554104627231, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770090238219, updateTime=1770090238219, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1225409554180124705, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1225396423026438145, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kyyjykf/EN, language=EN, createTime=1770090004726, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770090069284, updateBy=18614031015, name=矿业研究与开发英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Mining Research and Development, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1225410562574696778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225409554180124705, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770090245145, updateTime=1770090245145, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225410562553725255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225409554180124705, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770090245140, updateTime=1770090245140, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225410562612445517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225409554180124705, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770090245154, updateTime=1770090245154, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225410562536948038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225409554180124705, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kyyjykf/EN/file/pic?fileId=++etCLRiS7F8czudkkUdPA==, createTime=1770090245136, updateTime=1770090245136, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225410562629222735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225409554180124705, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770090245158, updateTime=1770090245158, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225410562566308169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225409554180124705, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kyyjykf/EN/file/pic, createTime=1770090245143, updateTime=1770090245143, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225410562620834126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225409554180124705, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770090245156, updateTime=1770090245156, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225410562562113864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225409554180124705, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1770090245142, updateTime=1770090245142, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225410562583085387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225409554180124705, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770090245147, updateTime=1770090245147, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1225410562604056908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1225409554180124705, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770090245152, updateTime=1770090245152, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Mining Research and Development, journalPhotoCn=null, journalPhotoEn=null, journalFirstLetter=M, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kyyjykf/CN/Y2025/V45/I10/12, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kyyjykf/EN/Y2025/V45/I10/12, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kyyjykf/CN/PDF/Y2025/V45/I10/12, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kyyjykf/EN/PDF/Y2025/V45/I10/12, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
甘氨酸绿色湿法浸出工艺研究现状
收藏切换
PDF下载
郝福来 1, 2 , 郑晔 2 , 张世镖 2 , 张晏铭 2 , 沈岩柏 1
矿业研究与开发 | 资源绿色开发综述 2025,45(10): 12-21
收起
收藏切换
矿业研究与开发 | 资源绿色开发综述 2025, 45(10): 12-21
甘氨酸绿色湿法浸出工艺研究现状
全屏
郝福来1, 2 , 郑晔2, 张世镖2, 张晏铭2, 沈岩柏1
作者信息
  • 1.东北大学 资源与土木工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110819
  • 2.长春黄金研究院有限公司,吉林 长春 130012
  • 郝福来(1982一),男,内蒙古赤峰人,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事黄金选冶技术研发工作。E-mail:

通讯作者:

沈岩柏(1978一),男,黑龙江密山人,博士,教授,主要从事矿山污染物传感监测与危害防治研究。E-mail:
Research Status of Glycine Green Hydrometallurgical Leaching Technology
Fulai HAO1, 2 , Ye ZHENG2, Shibiao ZHANG2, Yanming ZHANG2, Yanbai SHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China
  • 2.Changchun Gold Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25
文章导航
收藏切换

针对当前湿法冶金领域现有技术在绿色环保方面的局限,探索甘氨酸浸出体系这一新型绿色湿法浸出工艺的应用价值与发展潜力。通过分析甘氨酸特有的物理化学特性及其在湿法冶金行业的应用优势,回顾甘氨酸湿法浸出工艺的发展历程,梳理该工艺处理不同类型矿产资源的研究现状与商业动态,并系统归纳工艺现存主要问题。研究结果表明,甘氨酸绿色湿法浸出工艺可拓展冶金行业现有技术,尤其在稀贵金属领域具备替代传统氰化提金工艺的潜力,同时从适用领域、目标金属浸出效果、次级资源普适性及协同浸出体系作用机制等方面,明晰了该工艺的发展方向。甘氨酸绿色湿法浸出工艺在绿色湿法冶金领域具有显著应用价值,可为金属资源化、稀贵资源回收及次级资源处理提供参考。

甘氨酸  /  绿色湿法浸出工艺  /  湿法冶金  /  金属资源化  /  稀贵资源回收  /  次级资源处理

In view of the limitations of existing technologies in the field of hydrometallurgy regarding green environmental protection, the application value and development potential of the glycine leaching system as a new type of green hydrometallurgical leaching technology were explored. By analyzing the unique physicochemical properties of glycine and its application advantages in the hydrometallurgy industry, the development history of the glycine hydrometallurgical leaching technology was reviewed, the research status and commercial dynamics of this technology in treating different types of mineral resources were sorted out, and the main existing problems of the technology were systematically summarized. The research results show that the glycine green hydrometallurgical leaching technology can expand the existing technologies in the metallurgical industry, and has the potential to replace the traditional cyanide gold extraction technology, especially in the field of rare and precious metals. Meanwhile, from aspects such as applicable fields, leaching efficiency of target metals, universality for secondary resources, and the mechanism of synergistic leaching systems, the development direction of the technology is clarified. The glycine green hydrometallurgical leaching technology has significant application value in the field of green hydrometallurgy, and can provide references for metal resource utilization, recovery of rare and precious resources, and secondary resource processing.

Glycine  /  Green hydrometallurgical leaching technology  /  Hydrometallurgy  /  Metal resource utilization  /  Rare and precious resources recovery  /  Secondary resource processing
郝福来, 郑晔, 张世镖, 张晏铭, 沈岩柏. 甘氨酸绿色湿法浸出工艺研究现状. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (10) : 12 -21 .
Fulai HAO, Ye ZHENG, Shibiao ZHANG, Yanming ZHANG, Yanbai SHEN. Research Status of Glycine Green Hydrometallurgical Leaching Technology[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (10) : 12 -21 .
氨基酸是动物营养蛋白质的基本物质,分子结构中同时含有氨基和羧基的有机化合物。1820年,通过蛋白质水解,分离出第一个天然氨基酸产物——甘氨酸[1]。甘氨酸为白色结晶粉末,无毒、不挥发、不吸湿,具有稳定的化学热稳定性(240 ℃分解产生氨气),可回收试剂,同时实现了工业化生产。目前,甘氨酸在工业上广泛地应用于制药工业、生化试剂及有机合成。在食品加工领域,甘氨酸主要被用作食品和动物饲料中的添加剂。甘氨酸参与蛋白质的合成,维持人体各组织器官的运作,在安全摄入量范围内,对人体有益。无毒、无害、生物有益的化学特性有利于甘氨酸在绿色湿法冶金领域的推广。研究表明[2],在不同pH溶液中,甘氨酸以三种形式存在,即甘氨酸阴离子(H2NCH2COO),两性离子(+H3NCH2COO)和甘氨酸阳离子(+H3NCH2COOH)。
甘氨酸作为生物资源,近年来在湿法冶金研究领域备受瞩目。通过调研,汇总了甘氨酸浸出工艺发展过程中具有里程碑意义的节点,如图1所示。
早期,甘氨酸作为添加剂,通过协同作用增强其他浸出体系,实现预期目的。FENG等[3]为了降低硫代硫酸盐的消耗,将甘氨酸作为添加剂引入硫代硫酸盐浸出体系处理金铜混合精矿,研究发现,加入1×10−2mol/L甘氨酸,浸出24 h,硫代硫酸盐消耗量从12.6 kg/t降至6.3 kg/t,但上述研究未明确甘氨酸在浸出体系中协同增益的具体反应机制。
2013年,EKSTEEN等[4]首次公开了甘氨酸浸出体系提取铜和贵金属的相关专利,并于2015年正式授权,随后对甘氨酸浸出工艺的研究继续深化,确定了该工艺的适用领域。
EKSTEEN等[5]研究了甘氨酸浸出工艺对纯金、纯银及其合金的浸出效果。研究表明,在甘氨酸0.5 mol/L、过氧化氢1%、pH=11的条件下,纯金浸出48 h后,金的浸出速率为0.322×10−6mol/(m2·s),浸出效果相当于硫脲存在条件下,硫代硫酸盐-EDTA浸出体系或硫代硫酸盐-草酸浸出体系的浸金速率(0.22~0.25)×10−6mol/(m2·s))。与其他种类的绿色贵金属浸出体系相比,甘氨酸浸出体系在浸出速率方面具有一定优势。同时,甘氨酸与贵金属反应所需pH在碱性范围内,这有利于与传统贵金属浸出药剂(氰化物)的联合使用。
围绕甘氨酸浸出体系的研究从2017年开始变得特别活跃,每年都有多家出版物公开相关成果。截至2024年11月,涉及甘氨酸处理含金资源的文章超过200余篇。甘氨酸浸出体系适用范围广泛,可以应用于各种自然资源(如含铜金矿石、精金矿、氧化铜矿、硫化铜矿和硫化镍矿等)和次生资源,包括废旧印刷电路板(PCBs)和锂离子电池阴极材料(LIBs)。此外,科研人员还对甘氨酸浸出液中的金属分离和回收进行了大量研究。
碱性条件下,与传统浸金体系(氰化物)相比,甘氨酸-过氧化氢浸出体系浸金速率慢,浸出率低。为了解决上述问题,ORABY等[6]在pH=11.5、低浓度氰化物铜(1×10−2 mol/L)的条件下,添加1.1×10−2 mol/L甘氨酸,浸出2 h,浸金速率达到1.11×10−5 mol/(m2⋅s),提高了17倍,该效果为使用0.5 mol/L甘氨酸和1%过氧化氢的浸出速率的35倍。
甘氨酸阴离子与铜离子具有高效螯合效果,可以实现铜资源的高效浸出。因此,ORABY等[7]对不同种类的金铜矿(金-铜氧化矿物和金-铜硫化矿物)进行了研究,并对氰化浸出工艺和甘氨酸-氰化物协同浸出工艺进行了比较。研究表明,在氰化物/铜盐摩尔比1.4∶1、甘氨酸/铜盐摩尔比2.2∶1的条件下,浸出48 h,金的浸出率可达99%,铜的浸出率为95%。与此同时,甘氨酸-氰化物协同浸出工艺中金的溶解速率几乎是氰化浸出工艺的3倍。
该项工艺的工业化预估和中试化验证结果表明,该项工艺处理金-铜矿资源提取铜、金的工业前景巨大[89]。从经济角度来说,传统氰化浸出工艺处理铜含量高的铜-金矿石,成本过高。由于甘氨酸具有抑制氰化物转化为游离的氰基或转化为亚铁氰化物(WAD)、硫氰酸酯和氰酸酯的特性,因此,甘氨酸-氰化物协同浸出工艺为解决上述问题提供了可行性方案。甘氨酸的成本低于氰化物成本,环保成本下降,以及甘氨酸的可回收性有利于降低冶金成本。O’MALLEY等[10]以GlyCatTM商标推广的低氰化物-甘氨酸浸金技术已经商业化,该技术成果已授权给多家企业使用。
近年来,单独使用甘氨酸作为绿色浸出药剂,在湿法冶金领域引起了极大关注。早期,甘氨酸浸出体系侧重于研究铜资源。甘氨酸阴离子与铜离子具有较高的稳定常数K,可以实现铜的靶向浸出。ORABY等[11]处理铜、金品位分别为3.75%和0.21%的矿石样品,在温度为23 ℃、pH=11、甘氨酸0.3 mol/L和过氧化氢1%的条件下,浸出48 h,从金-铜精矿中选择性地浸出了98%的铜,而金浸出率较低。甘氨酸-过氧化氢浸出体系可以选择性地提取金精矿中的铜,化学反应见式(1)至式(4)。
针对甘氨酸浸出体系对不同类型的铜矿资源是否具有普适性的问题,TANDA等[12]测试了不同类型的氧化铜矿物,包括蓝铜矿、黄铜矿、赤铜矿和孔雀石,化学反应见式(5)至式(8)。研究表明,在甘氨酸/铜摩尔比为4∶1、pH=11、温度为室温的条件下,浸出24 h, 蓝铜矿中铜的浸出率为95.0%, 黄铜矿中铜的浸出率为91.0%, 赤铜矿中铜的浸出率为83.8%, 孔雀石中铜的浸出率为17.4%。通过上述研究可以发现,除孔雀石外,甘氨酸浸出体系对不同类型的含铜矿物适用性较强,这有利于丰富铜矿行业湿法冶金技术耗用药剂的应用领域。
硫化铜矿物资源以黄铜矿(CuFeS2)为主,占世界铜资源储量的70%,是铜的重要来源。黄铜矿被认为是一种难处理的铜矿石。TANDA等[13]探索了单独使用甘氨酸溶液处理黄铜矿时的浸出动力学研究。研究表明,−0.020 mm粒径的黄铜矿,浸出6 h,铜的浸出率可达78%。TANDA预测,通过进一步优化工艺参数,可以实现黄铜矿中铜资源的高效浸出。同时指出,铜的浸出过程分为两个阶段。第一阶段,矿物粒径是铜浸出率的主要影响因素,在相同的浸出时间内(6 h), 20μm的铜矿,浸出率为78%;38~53μm的铜矿,浸出率为40%。第二阶段,铜的浸出率受化学反应控制。黄铜矿浸出过程涉及的化学路径也可分为两个阶段。第一阶段,辉铜矿转化为硫化铜的钝化层,硫化铜与甘氨酸阴离子络合,化学反应如式(9)所示。第二阶段,生成的硫化铜以较慢的化学速率转化为铜离子和硫酸根离子,化学反应如式(10)所示。
AYLMORE[14]研究表明,甘氨酸-金配合物为Au(Gly2),其具有良好的稳定性能,logβ2=18, E0=0.63 V,其中β2为累积稳定常数,E0为标准电极电势。甘氨酸浸出工艺虽然可以实现金的浸出,化学反应如式(11)和式(12)所示,但金的浸出速率非常慢,难以满足工业生产要求。
ORABY等[15]、LI等[16]使用甘氨酸浸出工艺处理一种传统冶金方法难以处理的低品位含金水滑石矿,其中,金的品位为2.5 g/t。研究表明,在甘氨酸15 g/L、矿浆质量浓度30%、pH=12.5的条件下,浸出336 h,金的浸出率达到85%。研究人员发现,在室温下,甘氨酸浸出体系的浸金速率仅为氰化浸出体系的1/20。同时,浸出溶液体系的碱性提高至pH=12以上有利于金的浸出。当pH从10升至12时,金的浸出率从22.4%大幅增加至72.2%,其主要原因可以归结为不同pH下,甘氨酸阴离子的占比不同,影响反应速率。通过上述相关研究发现,单独使用甘氨酸浸出体系浸金速率慢,但浸出条件温和,加之甘氨酸作为一种无毒、无害的生物制化学品,该浸出体系更适用于处理含金矿物的原位堆浸等工艺。
为了提高甘氨酸体系对金的浸出效果。研究人员通过筛选氧化剂,升级甘氨酸浸金体系。表1为甘氨酸浸出体系潜在氧化剂及其相关信息[15-16]
O2/空气在水溶液中的溶解度较低(在25 ℃时,空气中的O2约为8×10−6m3/L),这在很大程度上限制了浸出效率。过氧化氢具有相当高的标准电极电势(1.76 V),同时,不会给浸出体系带来任何杂质,被认为是最环保的氧化剂之一。但试剂易分解,特别是在Fe3+和Cu2+存在的情况下,分解更加剧烈,因此无法实现试剂的循环利用。
此外,高价金属盐类氧化剂在甘氨酸绿色浸出体系的应用也备受瞩目。例如,Fe3+作为氧化剂,虽然在碱性环境中受到限制,但其衍生的新型含铁氧化剂Fe(CN)63−由于较宽的电化学窗口[17],拓展了含铁氧化剂在碱性环境的适用范围,已被报道用于Au−Ag矿物[18],其浸金过程涉及的化学反应如式(13)至式(15)所示。
然而,铁氰化钾属于自然界中性质非常稳定、难以衰减或分解的一类环境污染物,采用化学氧化法难以去除,这对后续浸出工艺废液的环保处理提出了新的挑战[19]。大量研究表明[1720],高锰酸钾作为一种强氧化剂,在甘氨酸浸出体系可以实现金的浸出,浸金反应如式(16)所示。
LI等[21]采用甘氨酸-氨水-高锰酸钾浸出体系处理金矿的浮选尾矿。研究结果表明,在甘氨酸20 g/L、高锰酸钾10 kg/t、活性炭20 g/L、pH=10.5和固液比30%的条件下,浸出48 h,金的浸出率达到76.5%。同时,氨水作为pH调节剂,代替氢氧化钠或石灰,可以显著提高金的浸出速率。
综上所述,甘氨酸浸出体系可用于提取金属资源。金的浸出条件比铜的浸出条件更加苛刻,包括强碱性浸出环境、过量的甘氨酸浓度、额外的氧化剂等。氧化剂的种类决定了金的浸出效果,但是氧化剂在实现甘氨酸体系浸金的同时,会带来负面影响,最直观的影响是氧化消耗甘氨酸,破坏浸出体系甘氨酸平衡浓度。INSAUSTI等[20]研究表明,在弱碱性环境中,高锰酸盐会氧化消耗甘氨酸,其产物为甲醛、氨气和二氧化碳,化学反应如式(17)所示。在强碱性环境中,高锰酸盐氧化能力降低,但也会将甘氨酸氧化为甲酸、氨气,化学反应如式(18)所示。与此同时,甘氨酸氧化产物的种类取决于氧化剂的用量[22]。例如,过量的高锰酸钾可以进一步将甲醛氧化为甲酸,化学反应如式(19)所示。当体系中存在贵金属(金、银、钯等)催化剂时[23],甲酸甚至会进一步分解为二氧化碳,化学反应如式(20)至式(21)所示。此外,高锰酸钾的氧化产物二氧化锰以沉淀形式存在,很有可能会干扰金与甘氨酸药剂的接触,影响反应的进行[24]
目前,针对甘氨酸–氧化剂浸出体系,浸金过程中甘氨酸被氧化消耗的研究尚不深入,既没有对甘氨酸消耗量进行核定,也没有判断甘氨酸氧化后的副产物对金浸出行为的影响。同时,现有的甘氨酸含量测试方法很难适用于甘氨酸浸金体系的试验条件,例如,凯氏定氮法需在酸性条件下进行,而甘氨酸浸金反应需在强碱性条件下进行;有色氧化剂干扰茚三酮比色法的颜色识别结果;残留的氧化剂氧化甲醛导致甲醛滴定法失效。因此亟需简单、快速、易于实验室操作的甘氨酸消耗量检测方法。
由于甘氨酸对各种金属离子具有高亲和力,科研人员在探索甘氨酸绿色浸出工艺的同时,也在拓展甘氨酸浸出技术的适用领域。常见的金属–甘氨酸络合物稳定常数(KML代表一级络合/螯合表观稳定常数、KML2代表二级络合/螯合表观稳定常数、KML3代表三级络合/螯合表观稳定常数)[25]表2
EKSTEEN等[26]对一种高酸性、低品位的硫化镍矿(镍品位0.67%)进行了甘氨酸浸出研究。在甘氨酸46.3 g/L、pH=10、矿浆质量浓度40%、温度为室温的条件下,浸出672 h,镍和钴的浸出率分别为83.5%和76.3%。在传统浸出工艺(硫酸200 g/L、硫酸铁3 g/L)中,镍的浸出率仅为5.98%,钴的浸出率仅为1.13%。后续工序使用180 g/L硫酸溶液洗脱树脂,可以实现镍与钴的回收。该工艺对目标金属(镍、钴)具有极高选择性,可以避免铁的共浸现象,加之浸出条件温和,在堆浸和原位浸出方面具有极高的可行性。
SABA等[27]开展了从方铅矿和闪锌矿中浸出铅的研究,研究了其溶解过程中的电化学机理。KHODAEI等[28]处理了富含方解石的石英矿,研究表明,在最佳条件下(甘氨酸浓度为1.5 mol/L、pH=9.5、温度为70 ℃、矿浆质量浓度为10%),锌形成了可溶性三甘氨酸锌阴离子配合物,浸出率达到90%以上,而主要干扰金属(铁、铝)的浸出率可以忽略不计,最终加入硫化钠,形成硫化锌沉淀,实现浸出液中锌的回收。
目前,有关甘氨酸浸出工艺可以细分为:GlyCatTM,GlyLeachTM,GlyAmmTM[29]。在贵金属领域,GlyCatTM主要应用于金铜矿资源,旨在减少氰化物消耗,扩大试验结果表明,与传统氰化浸出相比,金的浸出率提高了10%~35%。针对含镍、钴的资源,与传统方法相比,GlyLeachTM能够以更高的选择性浸出目标金属[30]。随着后续甘氨酸浸出技术在不同资源领域的拓展与工业化连续试验的开展,甘氨酸浸出技术有望实现湿法冶金领域绿色、环保的发展理念。但是,作为一种新型的湿法冶金工艺,甘氨酸浸出体系的研究尚不全面,有待进一步深入探索,其中涉及甘氨酸循环液体的再生,吸附材料的优化,以及联合工艺的匹配程度。
工业生产中产生的废弃物,如废渣、粉尘、矿山尾矿、电子废弃物和废旧电池等,因其具有较大的经济潜力,统一归类为次级资源。次级资源的利用不仅有助于实现资源的循环利用,减少环境污染,还能带来显著的经济效益,对于实现可持续发展具有重要意义。
近年来,甘氨酸浸出体系在固体废弃物资源化领域备受瞩目。HUANG等[31]使用甘氨酸浸出体系处理锌-钴矿渣,当甘氨酸浓度为1.33 mol/L、pH=10、温度为45 ℃、固液比为2.5%时,浸出3 h,可以实现高效选择浸出,其中锌的浸出率高达90%,镉的浸出率为85%,而钴和锰无法浸出。ZHENG等[32]使用甘氨酸从煤灰中浸出钙,在甘氨酸浓度为2 mol/L、温度为25 ℃、pH=8.8的条件下,钙的浸出率为42.2%。控制二氧化碳的流量为0.2 L/min,浸出的甘氨酸钙可转化为碳酸钙沉淀。与此同时,甘氨酸钙中的甘氨酸阴离子被释放,实现了甘氨酸的循环利用。
甘氨酸特有的分子结构,使其可以与金属离子形成特有的螯合效果,这一特性有望拓展现有固体废弃物的处理手段,尤其在战略性矿产资源领域具有潜在价值。
近年来,甘氨酸浸出体系应用领域的研究已经涉及废弃电池中金属资源的循环利用。ZHENG等[33]单独使用甘氨酸溶液处理锂电池的LIBs阴极材料(LiCoO2和LiNiO2),研究表明,0.5 mol/L甘氨酸在180 ℃条件下浸出0.5 h,可以实现LiCoO2的完全浸出。OGHABI等[34]采用甘氨酸浸出体系处理废弃镍镉电池,研究表明,在最佳浸出工艺参数(甘氨酸1.2 mol/L、pH=9.6、浸出时间为2.5 h、温度为25 ℃、固液比为10%)下,镉以Cd(Gly)2形式被浸出,浸出率高达85%,而浸出液中镍的浓度可以忽略,实现了镉的选择性浸出。CHEN等[35]采用甘氨酸-过氧化氢浸出体系处理锂电池粉末,研究表明,在甘氨酸4 mol/L、过氧化氢10%、固液比为1%、温度为80 ℃的条件下,浸出7 h,钴的浸出率为97.1%,锂的浸出率为91.0%。SETHURAJAN等[36]采用甘氨酸-过氧化氢浸出体系处理电池的正极材料,研究表明:在甘氨酸1.2 mol/L、过氧化氢5%、温度为100 ℃的条件下,浸出2 h,钴的浸出率高达89.7%。
到目前为止,使用甘氨酸浸出体系回收废弃电池的研究非常有限。鉴于电动汽车和储能市场的持续蓬勃发展,以及正极材料中金属(Li、Ni、Co和Mn)的高价值,锂离子电池的回收领域有望受到更多的关注。
随着技术的飞速进步和市场的不断渗透,全球已经产生了大量的废弃电气和电子设备(WEEE),其数量仍在继续以惊人的速度增长[37-39]。特别是在小型电子产品的推动下,2019年,全球电子废弃物产量约为5 360 万 t,预计2030年将增加至7 470 万 t[40]。全球大部分的WEEE来自发达国家和快速发展中国家,亚洲产生的电子垃圾约占全球的50%(2 490 万 t),其次是美国(1 310 万 t)和欧洲(1 200 万 t)[41]。2016年,我国已经超越美国,成为全球第一大电子垃圾生产国,国内电子废弃物以年均13%~15%的速率增长。以北京市为例,在2020年之前,北京市电子产品报废量呈快速增长的趋势,年均增长率超过10%,年产生量超过26.5 万 t,其中金属含量较多,占资源总量的54%以上[42]。预计到2030年,我国的电子废弃物产量将达到4 041 万 t(非管制类1 201 万 t、管制类2 840 万 t)[43]
印刷电路板(PCBs),也称为印刷线路板(PWBs),是几乎所有电气和电子设备(EEE)的组成部分。PCBs一般占WEEE总质量的4%~7%[44]。值得一提的是,电子通信产品(20%~30%)、电脑(20%)、电视(10%)等电子产品中的PCBs占比更大[44-45]。PCBs独特的性质和复杂的组成,使其与天然矿物资源具有极大差异。PCBs根据不同的加工方式可分为不同的类型。不同加工方式的PCBs结构如图2所示。PCBs加工结构层数可分为单层、双层和多层。基板可以是刚性基板、柔性基板或柔性、刚性组合基板[46]。此外,PCBs中复杂的金属种类影响目标金属浸出机制的判断,研究人员[47-48]总结出PCBs中金属元素多达40余种,非金属元素有近10余种。
针对甘氨酸浸出体系适用领域的拓展问题,ORABY等[49]最早将GlyCatTM工艺应用于电子废弃物领域。采用甘氨酸-氰化物协同浸出工艺处理PCBs,第一阶段为低价金属的浸出工序,在固液比0.4%、甘氨酸30 g/L、pH=11、温度为室温的条件下,浸出24 h,得出锌、铝、铅、铜和镍的浸出率分别为80.9%、99.1%、85.6%、72.5%和6.5%;第二阶段为稀贵金属的浸出工序,在甘氨酸30 g/L、氰化钠30kg/t、pH=11、温度为室温的条件下,浸出24 h,得出金、银和铜的浸出率分别为92.1%、85.3%和99.1%。LI等[50]为了实现对目标金属的高效选择性浸出,升级了原有的甘氨酸二段浸出工艺,甘氨酸三段浸出工艺回收废弃印刷电路板(WPCBs)中金属的流程如图3所示。
第一段浸出工艺采用甘氨酸-氨水浸出体系,在最佳条件(固液比15%,温度35 ℃,n(NH3)/n(Cu)=6,n(Gly)/n(Cu)=3)下,浸出24 h,铜几乎完全浸出。第二段浸出工艺采用甘氨酸-氰化钠浸出体系,在最佳条件(固液比10%,室温,4×n(Gly),氰化钠12.5kg/t, pH=11,浸出溶液中Cu(Ⅱ)为200 mg/L)下,当浸出24 h时,加入15 g/L活性炭,随后再浸出48 h,铜的浸出率和活性炭吸附率分别为51.4%和26.6%,金的浸出率和活性炭吸附率分别为82.0%和79.7%,银的浸出率和活性炭吸附率分别为91.9%和90.3%,钯的浸出率和活性炭吸附率分别为82.7%和57.7%。第三段浸出采用硫酸-硫脲浸出体系,在最佳参数条件(固液比10%,温度35 ℃,3×n(硫酸),铁(Ⅲ)盐0.1 mol/L,硫脲0.3 mol/L)下,各金属的浸出率分别为:铁92.3%,锌75.0%,锡36.0%,铝95.0%,铅2.0%,钴79.1%,铜86.3%,银95.3%,金71.0%,钯31.1%。甘氨酸三段浸出工艺实现了电子废弃物中多金属的高效选择性浸出。
甘氨酸-氰化物协同浸出工艺具有普适性,可以实现电子废弃物中贵金属的高效选择性浸出。然而,协同药剂(氰化物)的使用,限定了其工作环境。与偏远地区采矿冶金作业环境不同,为了降低运输成本,PCBs回收场所通常建在城市郊区附近[51]。但全球大多数国家禁止在城市地区使用氰化物,如德国、捷克共和国、希腊和美国蒙大纳州等[52]
LI等[17]比较了甘氨酸-高锰酸钾浸出体系与甘氨酸-铁氰化钾浸出体系。由于高锰酸钾与铁氰酸钾在氧化能力上存在差异,在相同条件下,贵金属的浸出效果存在明显差异。在氧化剂(高锰酸钾或铁氰化钾)0.08 mol/L、甘氨酸0.5 mol/L、pH=11、固液比2%、温度为室温的条件下,甘氨酸-高锰酸盐浸出体系的控制电极电位为100~150 mV,浸出96 h,浸出86.8%的金、70.2%的银、89.3%的钯和87.9%的铜。相比之下,甘氨酸-铁氰化物浸出体系,控制电极电位为250~350 mV,可在96 h内浸出79.3%的金,69.0%的银,68.5%的钯,83.1%的铜。
REZAEE[53]采用甘氨酸异步浸出工艺处理电子废弃物。第一阶段,在甘氨酸0.5 mol/L、过氧化氢1%、固液比2%、pH=10.5、温度为室温的条件下,浸出48 h,铜的浸出率高达99.96%。在最佳浓度的硫氢化钠(n[HS]:n[CuT]=1.5)下,95.2%的铜以硫化铜的形式沉淀,实现了铜的回收。第二阶段,采用甘氨酸-高锰酸钾浸出体系,在最佳工艺参数(甘氨酸4 g/L、高锰酸盐2 g/L和固液比1%)下,浸出48 h,金的浸出率达到96%。在活性炭浓度为6 g/L时,吸附4 h,浸出液中的绝大部分金都被吸附在活性炭上。
到目前为止,使用甘氨酸绿色无氰浸出工艺处理PCBs的研究非常有限,同时,在浸出过程中,各金属间相互影响,导致甘氨酸浸出工艺作用机理尚不明确。后续研究应在确定目标金属的基础上,通过控制杂质金属种类及其含量,根据具体的浸出效果,判断杂质金属对目标金属浸出行为的影响,根据增益效果的差异,将杂质金属转化为浸出助剂,拓展甘氨酸浸出体系的应用领域。
本文对甘氨酸在湿法冶金领域的研究进展进行了总结,得出的主要结论如下。
(1)甘氨酸浸出体系难以实现贵金属的高效浸出,需要强化升级甘氨酸浸出工艺。现有主流强化浸出工艺分为两个方向,一是在贵金属浸出工序上采取甘氨酸-氰化物复合体系,上述工艺虽然可以保证贵金属的浸出,但由于使用了氰化物,无法真正实现绿色清洁理念;二是添加氧化性较强的氧化剂实现金的浸出,但由于氧化剂的存在,会增加甘氨酸消耗量,同时,现有研究尚未明确甘氨酸氧化分解程度、分解后副产物种类等问题,这将影响后续浸出体系循环性能的判断。
(2)现有的甘氨酸复合体系研究多侧重于提高浸出效果,在处理复杂矿物资源时,通常出现多金属共浸现象,目标金属的选择性较差,难以实现靶向浸出,多金属共浸现象的存在不利于开展后续的金属提纯工序。
(3)针对甘氨酸浸出体系处理次级资源的研究,机理的判定常以浸出效果为定性依据,缺少客观的检测手段加以佐证。此外,由于次级资源成分与组成的特异性,在浸出过程中,各金属间相互影响,导致甘氨酸浸出工艺作用机理复杂,现有研究未考虑金属间的相互作用机制,因此,应进一步研究甘氨酸在复杂金属体系浸出过程中的作用机制,为拓展绿色浸出药剂的应用领域提供依据。
(4)甘氨酸浸出体系及相关工艺作为一种新型的湿法冶金技术,通过优化浸出条件,可以实现多金属的选择性浸出,尤其适用于贵金属领域。随着技术的持续积累与工业化连续试验的开展,有望逐步实现绿色–非氰浸金体系对传统氰化浸金体系的替代,促进甘氨酸浸金工艺在绿色湿法冶金领域的应用。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC2907803)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
MUZZARELLI R A A, BOUDRANT J, MEYER D, et al. Current views on fungal chitin/chitosan, human chitinases, food preservation, glucans, pectins and inulin: a tribute to Henri Braconnot, precursor of the carbohydrate polymers science, on the chitin bicentennial[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2012, 87(2):995-1012.
[2]
AKSU S, DOYLE F M. Electrochemistry of copper in aqueous glycine solutions[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2001, 148(1):B51.
[3]
FENG D, VAN DEVENTER J S J. The role of amino acids in the thiosulphate leaching of gold[J]. Minerals Engineering, 2011, 24(9):1022-1024.
[4]
EKSTEEN J J, ORABY E A. A process for copper and/or precious metal recovery: WO2015/031943A1[P]. 2015-06-18.
[5]
EKSTEEN J J, ORABY E A. The leaching and adsorption of gold using low concentration amino acids and hydrogen peroxide: effect of catalytic ions, sulphide minerals and amino acid type[J]. Minerals Engineering, 2015, 70:36-42.
[6]
ORABY E A, EKSTEEN J J. Gold leaching in cyanide-starved copper solutions in the presence of glycine[J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2015, 156:81-88.
[7]
ORABY E A, EKSTEEN J J, TANDA B C. Gold and copper leaching from gold-copper ores and concentrates using a synergistic lixiviant mixture of glycine and cyanide[J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2017, 169:339-345.
[8]
EKSTEEN J J, ORABY E A, TANDA B C, et al. Towards industrial implementation of glycine-based leach and adsorption technologies for gold-copper ores[J]. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 2018, 57(4):390-398.
[9]
SEAMAN B, NEWTON T, ORABY E A, et al. Development of a glycine-cyanide leach process for gold-copper concentrate [C]//Proceedings of ALTA Hydrometallurgy Conference. Perth: ALTA Metallurgical Services, 2019.
[10]
O'MALLEY G, ORABY E, TRASK F, et al. Recent advances with the GlyCatTM process for extraction of gold and silver in the presence of copper[C]//Proceedings of ALTA hydrometallurgy conference. Perth: ALTA Metallurgical Services, 2022.
[11]
ORABY E A, EKSTEEN J J. The selective leaching of copper from a gold-copper concentrate in glycine solutions[J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2014, 150:14-19.
[12]
TANDA B C, EKSTEEN J J, ORABY E A. An investigation into the leaching behaviour of copper oxide minerals in aqueous alkaline glycine solutions[J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2017, 167:153-162.
[13]
TANDA B C, EKSTEEN J J, ORABY E A. Kinetics of chalcocite leaching in oxygenated alkaline glycine solutions[J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2018, 178:264-273.
[14]
AYLMORE M G. Alternative lixiviants to cyanide for leaching gold ores[J]. Gold Ore Processing (Second Edition), 2016:447-484.
[15]
ORABY E A, EKSTEEN J J, KARRECH A, et al. Gold extraction from paleochannel ores using an aerated alkaline glycine lixiviant for consideration in heap and in-situ leaching applications[J]. Minerals Engineering, 2019, 138:112-118.
[16]
LI H, EKSTEEN J, ORABY E. Hydrometallurgical recovery of metals from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs): current status and perspectives: a review[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2018, 139:122-139.
[17]
LI H, ORABY E, EKSTEEN J. Extraction of precious metals from waste printed circuit boards using cyanide-free alkaline glycine solution in the presence of an oxidant[J]. Minerals Engineering, 2022, 181:107501.
[18]
XIE F, DREISINGER D, LU J M. The novel application of ferricyanide as an oxidant in the cyanidation of gold and silver[J]. Minerals Engineering, 2008, 21(15): 1109-1114.
[19]
李洪慧,李青云,李梅,等.生物法处理典型难降解铁氰络合物[J/OL].化工进展:1-9[2024-11-13].https://doi.org/10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0286.
LI Honghui, LI Qingyun, LI Mei, et al. Biodegradation of typical refractory metal cyanide complexes: iron cyanide complexes [J/OL]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress: 1-9[2024-11-13]. https://doi.org/10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0286.
[20]
INSAUSTI M J, MATA-PÉREZ F, ALVAREZ-MACHO M P. Kinetic study of the oxidation of glycine by permanganate ions in acid medium[J]. Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1996, 61(2):232-241.
[21]
LI H, ORABY E, EKSTEEN J, et al. Extraction of gold and copper from flotation tailings using glycine-ammonia solutions in the presence of permanganate[J]. Minerals, 2022, 12(5):612.
[22]
ISSA I M, ISSA R M. Formic acid as a reagent for alkaline permanganate: potentiometric determination of formate[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1954, 11:192-199.
[23]
YERNENI K K, CHOLKAR K, GUIN M, et al. Palladium (Ⅱ) catalyzed oxidation of glycine by ferricyanide in acid medium: kinetics and mechanism[J]. Current Physical Chemistry, 2017, 7(1):63-70.
[24]
LU Y, XU Z M. Precious metals recovery from waste printed circuit boards: a review for current status and perspective[J]. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 2016, 113:28-39.
[25]
LI H, DENG Z X, ORABY E, et al. Amino acids as lixiviants for metals extraction from natural and secondary resources with emphasis on glycine: a literature review[J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2023, 216:106008.
[26]
EKSTEEN J J, ORABY E A, NGUYEN V. Leaching and ion exchange based recovery of nickel and cobalt from a low grade, serpentine-rich sulfide ore using an alkaline glycine lixiviant system[J]. Minerals Engineering, 2020, 145:106073.
[27]
SABA M. The extraction behaviour of zinc, lead and silver from ores and concentrates by glycine leaching processes[D]. Perth: Curtin University, 2019.
[28]
KHODAEI H, HAGHSHENAS DAVOUD F, FIROOZI S. Selective leaching of zinc from carbonate source using glycine as an ecofriendly lixiviant[J]. Minerals Engineering, 2022, 185:107680.
[29]
ORABY E, LI H, DENG Z X, et al. Selective extraction of Ni and Co from a pyrrhotite-rich flotation slime using an alkaline glycine-based leach system[J]. Minerals Engineering, 2023, 203:108330.
[30]
EKSTEEN J J, ORABY E A, LOMBARD L, et al. Leaching of cobalt bearing nickel sulfide and furnace converter mattes with alkaline glycine, and subsequent SX and IX [C]//Proceedings of ALTA Hydrometallurgy Conference. Perth: ALTA Metallurgical Services, 2018.
[31]
HUANG Yukun, GUO Haojie, ZHANG Chen, et al. A novel method for the separation of zinc and cobalt from hazardous zinc-cobalt slag via an alkaline glycine solution[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2021, 273:119009.
[32]
ZHENG Xuan, LIU Jiayao, WEI Yibin, et al. Glycine-mediated leaching-mineralization cycle for CO2 sequestration and CaCO3 production from coal fly ash: dual functions of glycine as a proton donor and receptor[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 440:135900.
[33]
ZHENG Q X, SHIBAZAKI K, HIRAMA S, et al. Glycine-assisted hydrothermal leaching of LiCoO2/LiNiO2 cathode materials with high efficiency and negligible acid corrosion employing batch and continuous flow system[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2021, 9(8):3246-3257.
[34]
OGHABI H, HAGHSHENAS DAVOUD F, FIROOZI S. Selective separation of Cd from spent Ni-Cd battery using glycine as an eco-friendly leachant and its recovery as CdS nanoparticles[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2020, 242:116832.
[35]
CHEN Mengjun, WANG Rong, QI Yaping, et al. Cobalt and lithium leaching from waste lithium ion batteries by glycine[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2021, 482:228942.
[36]
SETHURAJAN M, SHIRODKER M G P, RENE E R, et al. Hydrometallurgical leaching and recovery of cobalt from lithium ion battery[J]. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 2022, 28:102915.
[37]
MURALI A, SARSWAT P K, BENEDICT J, et al. Determination of metallic and polymeric contents in electronic waste materials and evaluation of their hydrometallurgical recovery potential[J]. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2022, 19(4):1-14.
[38]
林龙飞.论电子废弃物资源化利用研究进展[J].中国资源综合利用202038(12):106-107+112.
LIN Longfei. Discussion on the research progress of electronic waste resource utilization[J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2020, 38(12):106-107+112.
[39]
赵英,化虎蝶,徐霞.电子废弃物资源化处理技术关键及其实践探讨[J].皮革制作与环保科技20245(4):125-127.
ZHAO Ying, HUA Hudie, XU Xia. Key points and practice discussion of electronic waste recycling treatment technology[J]. Leather Manufacture and Environmental Technology, 2024, 5(4):125-127.
[40]
FORTI V, BALDE C P, KUEHR R, et al. The global e-waste monitor 2020: quantities, flows and the circular economy potential [R]. Bonn/Geneva/Rotterdam: United Nations University (UNU)/United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)-co-hosted SCYCLE Programme, International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and International Solid Waste Association (ISWA), 2020.
[41]
SHITTU O S, WILLIAMS I D, SHAW P J. Global e-waste management: can WEEE make a difference? a review of e-waste trends, legislation, contemporary issues and future challenges[J]. Waste Management, 2020, 120:549-563.
[42]
李历铨,李伯含,陈从喜.区域层面电子废弃物远景资源化潜力预测:以北京为例[J].资源科学202143(3):567-576.
LI Liquan, LI Bohan, CHEN Congxi. Forecasting prospective potential of the secondary resources in electronic waste at the regional level: evidence from Beijing[J]. Resources Science, 2021, 43(3):567-576.
[43]
SUN Bingbing, LI Beibei, MA Shexia, et al. The recycling potential of unregulated waste electrical and electronic equipment in China: generation, economic value, and cost-benefit analysis[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023, 402:136702.
[44]
WANG Huaidong, ZHANG Shuhao, LI Bin, et al. Recovery of waste printed circuit boards through pyrometallurgical processing: a review[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2017, 126:209-218.
[45]
LI J Z, SHRIVASTAVA P, GAO Z, et al. Printed circuit board recycling: a state-of-the-art survey[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electronics Packaging Manufacturing, 2004, 27(1):33-42.
[46]
XU Yuquan, LIU Junsheng. Recent developments and perspective of the spent waste printed circuit boards[J]. Waste Management & Research, 2015, 33(5):392-400.
[47]
蒋冬梅,陈姝媛,梁倩,等.废电路板元器件稀土资源回收及其碳减排潜力研究[J].中国资源综合利用202341(12):106-113+119.
JIANG Dongmei, CHEN Shuyuan, LIANG Qian, et al. Research on rare earth resource recovery and carbon emission reduction potential of waste circuit board components[J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2023, 41(12):106-113+119.
[48]
SZAŁATKIEWICZ J. Metals content in printed circuit board waste[J]. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2014, 23(6):2365-2369.
[49]
ORABY E A, LI H, EKSTEEN J J. An alkaline glycine-based leach process of base and precious metals from powdered waste printed circuit boards[J]. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2020, 11:3897-3909.
[50]
LI H, ORABY E A, EKSTEEN J J. Development of an integrated glycine-based process for base and precious metals recovery from waste printed circuit boards[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2022, 187:106631.
[51]
LI H, ORABY E A, EKSTEEN J J. Extraction of copper and the co-leaching behaviour of other metals from waste printed circuit boards using alkaline glycine solutions[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2020, 154:104624.
[52]
LAITOS J G. Cyanide, mining, and the environment[J]. Pace Environmental Law Review, 2013, 30(3):869.
[53]
REZAEE M, SANEIE R, MOHAMMADZADEH A, et al. Eco-friendly recovery of base and precious metals from waste printed circuit boards by step-wise glycine leaching: process optimization, kinetics modeling, and comparative life cycle assessment[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023, 389:136016.
2025年第45卷第10期
PDF下载
100
44
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
  • 接收时间:2024-11-27
  • 首发时间:2026-02-06
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-27
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC2907803)
作者信息
    1.东北大学 资源与土木工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110819
    2.长春黄金研究院有限公司,吉林 长春 130012

通讯作者:

沈岩柏(1978一),男,黑龙江密山人,博士,教授,主要从事矿山污染物传感监测与危害防治研究。E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kyyjykf/CN/1226462296046743567
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏