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In order to monitor the chlorophyll content of plants quickly and non-destructively, two different microbial reclamation treatments (inoculation group and control group) were set up, and six herbaceous plants (Astragalus adsurgens, Medicago sativa, Leymus chinensis, Agropyron cristatum, Elymus sibiricus, Bromus inermis) were selected according to four kinds of mixed sowing ratios (1∶1, 1∶2, 1∶3, 2∶1). The chlorophyll content and spectral reflectance of Astragalus adsurgens in the test area were measured respectively. Using the original spectrum, the logarithm of the reciprocal of the original spectrum, and the first-order differential, combined with three modeling methods of BP neural network regression, support vector machine (SVM) regression, and random forest (RF) regression, models were established for plant spectral characteristic curves under different treatments. The results show that the inoculation treatment increases the chlorophyll content, and the chlorophyll content is also different under different mixed sowing ratios. Compared with the original spectral curve, the modeling accuracy of the reciprocal logarithm and first order differential of original spectral is improved to varying degrees, and the modeling accuracy of FDR is the best. Under the condition of microbial reclamation, the RF regression model has the highest accuracy. Under the conditions of different planting ratios, the model established by BP neural network regression in the 1∶2 and 1∶3 regions of legumes has high accuracy, while the spectral samples in the 1∶1 and 2∶1 regions are more suitable for using RF regression method.

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为了快速、无损监测植物叶绿素含量,通过设定两种不同的微生物复垦处理(接菌和对照),并选取6种草本植物(沙打旺、紫花苜蓿、羊草、冰草、老芒麦、无芒雀麦)按4种豆禾混播比例(1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、2∶1)进行试验,分别测定试验小区内沙打旺的叶绿素含量及光谱反射率。采用原始光谱、原始光谱倒数的对数及一阶微分3种指标,结合BP神经网络回归、支持向量机(SVM)回归、随机森林(RF)回归3种建模方法,针对不同处理下的植物光谱特征曲线建立模型。结果表明:接菌处理提高了叶绿素含量,在不同混播比例下,叶绿素的含量也各有差异;与原始光谱曲线相比,其倒数的对数、一阶微分建模在精度上有不同程度的提升,其中一阶微分的建模精度最佳;在微生物复垦条件下,RF回归模型精度最高;在不同种植比例条件下,豆禾1∶2和1∶3区域使用BP神经网络回归建立的模型精度高,而1∶1和2∶1区域的光谱样本则更适合采用RF回归方法。

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毕银丽(1971一),女,陕西米脂人,博士,长江学者特聘教授,博士生导师,主要从事矿区地质环境治理、生态修复与土地复垦等方面的研究工作。E-mail:
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佘长超(1985一),男,河南安阳人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事露天煤矿技术管理工作。E-mail:

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佘长超(1985一),男,河南安阳人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事露天煤矿技术管理工作。E-mail:

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佘长超(1985一),男,河南安阳人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事露天煤矿技术管理工作。E-mail:

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figureFileBig=4Fibu9HMeT1S18rLikL1Vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462302103318869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462295077860340, language=CN, label=图2, caption=接种AM真菌后沙打旺原始光谱曲线变化, figureFileSmall=QSL16O79kYdspm8kSbaxjw==, figureFileBig=4Fibu9HMeT1S18rLikL1Vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462302216565085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462295077860340, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Original spectral curves under different planting ratios, figureFileSmall=xOCY6GyGAlN89ZPxiC00OA==, figureFileBig=zJ8359FiYIKh5iyJt8YtdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462302363365740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462295077860340, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同种植比例下原始光谱曲线, figureFileSmall=xOCY6GyGAlN89ZPxiC00OA==, figureFileBig=zJ8359FiYIKh5iyJt8YtdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462302451446135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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articleId=1226462295077860340, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同混播比例下叶绿素反演结果, figureFileSmall=gt91ICxNHQcp7zZ8FHeG+w==, figureFileBig=pbFSi3HuKUM4GR9jQy8p5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462302996705698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462295077860340, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Spectral sample division

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处理总样本数量/条训练集样本数量/条测试集样本数量/条
CK1188830
AM1209030
豆科∶禾本科 1∶1594415
豆科∶禾本科 1∶2604515
豆科∶禾本科 1∶3604515
豆科∶禾本科 2∶1594415
), ArticleFig(id=1226462303122534830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462295077860340, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

谱样本划分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理总样本数量/条训练集样本数量/条测试集样本数量/条
CK1188830
AM1209030
豆科∶禾本科 1∶1594415
豆科∶禾本科 1∶2604515
豆科∶禾本科 1∶3604515
豆科∶禾本科 2∶1594415
), ArticleFig(id=1226462303248363956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462295077860340, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of AM mycorrhizal inoculation on SPAD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理最大值最小值均值变异系数/%
CK65.645.252.4±5.1b9.7
AM79.452.165.1±4.7a7.2
), ArticleFig(id=1226462303390970300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462295077860340, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

接种 AM 菌根对 SPAD 的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理最大值最小值均值变异系数/%
CK65.645.252.4±5.1b9.7
AM79.452.165.1±4.7a7.2
), ArticleFig(id=1226462303579713988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462295077860340, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of different planting ratios on SPAD value

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理最大值最小值均值变异系数/%
豆科∶禾本科 1∶179.444.259.2±8.7a16.3
豆科∶禾本科 1∶275.947.461.1±9.1a15.0
豆科∶禾本科 1∶378.146.757.7±8.5a14.7
豆科∶禾本科 2∶177.944.658.1±9.5a16.3
), ArticleFig(id=1226462303722320336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462295077860340, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同种植比例对 SPAD 值的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理最大值最小值均值变异系数/%
豆科∶禾本科 1∶179.444.259.2±8.7a16.3
豆科∶禾本科 1∶275.947.461.1±9.1a15.0
豆科∶禾本科 1∶378.146.757.7±8.5a14.7
豆科∶禾本科 2∶177.944.658.1±9.5a16.3
), ArticleFig(id=1226462303831372251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462295077860340, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of inversion accuracy of AM mycorrhizal chlorophyll content

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理光谱模型方法光谱指标训练集测试集
R2RMSER2RMSERPD
CKBPR0.5712.1240.5831.9241.412
LR0.7051.7820.6891.6091.759
FDR0.8171.6340.8061.1672.167
SVRR0.6061.3430.6111.7781.565
LR0.7691.6720.7641.3362.033
FDR0.8351.0140.8221.2262.391
RFR0.6981.5770.6541.6411.517
LR0.7771.1970.7841.0832.180
FDR0.8810.9810.8541.2522.543
AMBPR0.6142.8350.5942.3281.504
LR0.7451.3820.7281.8161.891
FDR0.8141.4130.8251.3052.377
SVRR0.6781.8900.6442.2001.599
LR0.7901.4690.7701.4792.075
FDR0.8371.2220.8311.2282.262
RFR0.6981.4850.6871.8911.798
LR0.7791.5380.7861.5692.183
FDR0.9241.0290.8921.0712.911
), ArticleFig(id=1226462304011727335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462295077860340, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

接种 AM 菌根叶绿素含量反演精度对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理光谱模型方法光谱指标训练集测试集
R2RMSER2RMSERPD
CKBPR0.5712.1240.5831.9241.412
LR0.7051.7820.6891.6091.759
FDR0.8171.6340.8061.1672.167
SVRR0.6061.3430.6111.7781.565
LR0.7691.6720.7641.3362.033
FDR0.8351.0140.8221.2262.391
RFR0.6981.5770.6541.6411.517
LR0.7771.1970.7841.0832.180
FDR0.8810.9810.8541.2522.543
AMBPR0.6142.8350.5942.3281.504
LR0.7451.3820.7281.8161.891
FDR0.8141.4130.8251.3052.377
SVRR0.6781.8900.6442.2001.599
LR0.7901.4690.7701.4792.075
FDR0.8371.2220.8311.2282.262
RFR0.6981.4850.6871.8911.798
LR0.7791.5380.7861.5692.183
FDR0.9241.0290.8921.0712.911
), ArticleFig(id=1226462304133362162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462295077860340, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comparison of inversion accuracy of chlorophyll content under different mixed sowing ratios

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
不同混播比例光谱模型方法光谱指标训练集测试集
R2RMSER2RMSERPD
豆科∶禾本科1∶1BPR0.7003.8510.7334.1561.545
LR0.7793.6300.7763.5052.012
FDR0.8322.9560.8062.4912.249
SVRR0.7843.1940.7023.0821.756
LR0.6533.8880.6743.5601.665
FDR0.7662.6490.7032.6971.862
RFR0.7972.3590.7682.5642.103
LR0.8553.0950.8373.1141.944
FDR0.8642.2620.8422.5702.189
豆科∶禾本科1∶2BPR0.6991.8820.6902.3161.839
LR0.7772.0340.7082.2271.839
FDR0.8621.5510.8561.1412.706
SVRR0.6812.8150.6603.0571.487
LR0.7032.7980.6892.3361.790
FDR0.7531.7050.7271.9321.958
RFR0.7382.4970.7182.1361.878
LR0.7402.6510.7192.8231.550
FDR0.8211.3590.8471.7102.504
豆科∶禾本科1∶3BPR0.7952.1490.7582.1961.897
LR0.8052.1340.8142.4752.098
FDR0.8901.6370.8991.8432.652
SVRR0.6252.9270.6193.2731.548
LR0.7252.9830.7342.9061.693
FDR0.7333.2310.7163.6251.799
RFR0.8712.6640.8483.0042.404
LR0.7933.2300.7453.0611.948
FDR0.7812.1920.7862.6521.928
豆科∶禾本科2∶1BPR0.7752.6590.7213.0491.924
LR0.8322.0080.8012.2002.210
FDR0.8482.2270.8112.0072.360
SVRR0.7172.7670.7023.0771.845
LR0.7452.6850.7472.6351.987
FDR0.7662.3270.7472.8841.763
RFR0.7972.3200.7882.6462.221
LR0.8552.7240.8322.1822.262
FDR0.8701.9610.8502.2762.410
), ArticleFig(id=1226462304443740677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462295077860340, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同混播比例下叶绿素含量反演精度对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
不同混播比例光谱模型方法光谱指标训练集测试集
R2RMSER2RMSERPD
豆科∶禾本科1∶1BPR0.7003.8510.7334.1561.545
LR0.7793.6300.7763.5052.012
FDR0.8322.9560.8062.4912.249
SVRR0.7843.1940.7023.0821.756
LR0.6533.8880.6743.5601.665
FDR0.7662.6490.7032.6971.862
RFR0.7972.3590.7682.5642.103
LR0.8553.0950.8373.1141.944
FDR0.8642.2620.8422.5702.189
豆科∶禾本科1∶2BPR0.6991.8820.6902.3161.839
LR0.7772.0340.7082.2271.839
FDR0.8621.5510.8561.1412.706
SVRR0.6812.8150.6603.0571.487
LR0.7032.7980.6892.3361.790
FDR0.7531.7050.7271.9321.958
RFR0.7382.4970.7182.1361.878
LR0.7402.6510.7192.8231.550
FDR0.8211.3590.8471.7102.504
豆科∶禾本科1∶3BPR0.7952.1490.7582.1961.897
LR0.8052.1340.8142.4752.098
FDR0.8901.6370.8991.8432.652
SVRR0.6252.9270.6193.2731.548
LR0.7252.9830.7342.9061.693
FDR0.7333.2310.7163.6251.799
RFR0.8712.6640.8483.0042.404
LR0.7933.2300.7453.0611.948
FDR0.7812.1920.7862.6521.928
豆科∶禾本科2∶1BPR0.7752.6590.7213.0491.924
LR0.8322.0080.8012.2002.210
FDR0.8482.2270.8112.0072.360
SVRR0.7172.7670.7023.0771.845
LR0.7452.6850.7472.6351.987
FDR0.7662.3270.7472.8841.763
RFR0.7972.3200.7882.6462.221
LR0.8552.7240.8322.1822.262
FDR0.8701.9610.8502.2762.410
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排土场AM接种与种植模式对沙打旺叶绿素光谱估算的影响
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佘长超 1 , 解琳琳 2, 3 , 王建国 4 , 毕银丽 2, 3 , 孙郡庆 4 , 李梦琪 3 , 黄月军 1
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(10): 182-189
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矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025, 45(10): 182-189
排土场AM接种与种植模式对沙打旺叶绿素光谱估算的影响
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佘长超1 , 解琳琳2, 3, 王建国4, 毕银丽2, 3 , 孙郡庆4, 李梦琪3, 黄月军1
作者信息
  • 1.国能北电胜利能源有限公司,内蒙古 锡林浩特市 026000
  • 2.西安科技大学地质与环境学院,陕西 西安 710054
  • 3.中国矿业大学(北京)煤炭精细勘探与智能开发国家重点实验室,北京 100083
  • 4.国能新疆托克逊能源有限责任公司,新疆 吐鲁番市 838100
  • 佘长超(1985一),男,河南安阳人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事露天煤矿技术管理工作。E-mail:

通讯作者:

毕银丽(1971一),女,陕西米脂人,博士,长江学者特聘教授,博士生导师,主要从事矿区地质环境治理、生态修复与土地复垦等方面的研究工作。E-mail:
Effects of AM Inoculation and Planting Patterns on Chlorophyll Spectrum Estimation of Astragalus Adsurgens in Mining Waste Dump
Changchao SHE1 , Linlin XIE2, 3, Jianguo WANG4, Yinli BI2, 3 , Junqing SUN4, Mengqi LI3, Yuejun HUANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.CHN Energy Beidian Shengli Energy Co., Ltd., Xilin hot, Inner Mongolia 026000, China
  • 2.College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
  • 3.State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
  • 4.CHN Energy Xinjiang Toksun Energy Co., Ltd., Turpan, Xinjiang 838100, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25
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为了快速、无损监测植物叶绿素含量,通过设定两种不同的微生物复垦处理(接菌和对照),并选取6种草本植物(沙打旺、紫花苜蓿、羊草、冰草、老芒麦、无芒雀麦)按4种豆禾混播比例(1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、2∶1)进行试验,分别测定试验小区内沙打旺的叶绿素含量及光谱反射率。采用原始光谱、原始光谱倒数的对数及一阶微分3种指标,结合BP神经网络回归、支持向量机(SVM)回归、随机森林(RF)回归3种建模方法,针对不同处理下的植物光谱特征曲线建立模型。结果表明:接菌处理提高了叶绿素含量,在不同混播比例下,叶绿素的含量也各有差异;与原始光谱曲线相比,其倒数的对数、一阶微分建模在精度上有不同程度的提升,其中一阶微分的建模精度最佳;在微生物复垦条件下,RF回归模型精度最高;在不同种植比例条件下,豆禾1∶2和1∶3区域使用BP神经网络回归建立的模型精度高,而1∶1和2∶1区域的光谱样本则更适合采用RF回归方法。

排土场复垦  /  沙打旺  /  丛枝菌根真菌  /  叶绿素含量  /  高光谱技术

In order to monitor the chlorophyll content of plants quickly and non-destructively, two different microbial reclamation treatments (inoculation group and control group) were set up, and six herbaceous plants (Astragalus adsurgens, Medicago sativa, Leymus chinensis, Agropyron cristatum, Elymus sibiricus, Bromus inermis) were selected according to four kinds of mixed sowing ratios (1∶1, 1∶2, 1∶3, 2∶1). The chlorophyll content and spectral reflectance of Astragalus adsurgens in the test area were measured respectively. Using the original spectrum, the logarithm of the reciprocal of the original spectrum, and the first-order differential, combined with three modeling methods of BP neural network regression, support vector machine (SVM) regression, and random forest (RF) regression, models were established for plant spectral characteristic curves under different treatments. The results show that the inoculation treatment increases the chlorophyll content, and the chlorophyll content is also different under different mixed sowing ratios. Compared with the original spectral curve, the modeling accuracy of the reciprocal logarithm and first order differential of original spectral is improved to varying degrees, and the modeling accuracy of FDR is the best. Under the condition of microbial reclamation, the RF regression model has the highest accuracy. Under the conditions of different planting ratios, the model established by BP neural network regression in the 1∶2 and 1∶3 regions of legumes has high accuracy, while the spectral samples in the 1∶1 and 2∶1 regions are more suitable for using RF regression method.

Reclamation of mining waste dump  /  Astragalus adsurgens  /  Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi  /  Chlorophyll content  /  Hyperspectral technology
佘长超, 解琳琳, 王建国, 毕银丽, 孙郡庆, 李梦琪, 黄月军. 排土场AM接种与种植模式对沙打旺叶绿素光谱估算的影响. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (10) : 182 -189 .
Changchao SHE, Linlin XIE, Jianguo WANG, Yinli BI, Junqing SUN, Mengqi LI, Yuejun HUANG. Effects of AM Inoculation and Planting Patterns on Chlorophyll Spectrum Estimation of Astragalus Adsurgens in Mining Waste Dump[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (10) : 182 -189 .
近年来,微生物复垦技术已成为应用于矿区生态治理的一种低成本、高效率的方法[1]。丛枝菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhiza, AM)真菌作为一种自然界普遍存在的微生物,与植物共生形成丛枝结构后,能够增大植物根系及根系表面积,对植物吸收养分有积极的提升作用[2],可提高苗木移栽成活率,促进植被恢复[3]。植被恢复是矿区生态修复治理的关键问题,豆科和禾本科植物在草原生态系统中具有重要意义,合理地搭配豆禾种植比例不仅可以降低植物间资源竞争,还可以改善种间关系[4]
叶绿素是绿色植物体内一种重要的色素,其含量的多少能够直观地体现植物生长状况和与外界交换能量的能力。传统测量叶绿素的方法费时费力,监测效率不高。随着这些年遥感技术的发展,运用高光谱技术对叶绿素含量进行无损、快速的监测逐渐走入了人们的视野。沙打旺在内蒙古地区是一种常见的优势物种,然而在现有的研究当中却鲜有对其进行高光谱研究。
国内利用高光谱技术对植物叶绿素含量的研究已有很多,杨峰等[5]通过研究光谱预处理对大豆叶绿素反演的影响,得出微分处理能大幅度提升模型预测精度的结论。陈书琳等[6]通过建立接菌大豆和对照组的叶绿素光谱反演模型,证明了采用高光谱技术监测并评价菌根效应的影响是可行的。然而,目前国内利用高光谱技术监测混播比例对植物叶绿素的影响却比较少见。本文以沙打旺为研究对象,采用原始光谱、原始光谱倒数的对数及一阶微分3类指标,结合BP神经网络、支持向量机回归、随机森林回归3种建模方法,针对微生物复垦及草禾不同混播比例条件下的植物光谱特征曲线建立模型,为利用高光谱技术监测植物生长状况奠定基础。
试验样地位于内蒙古锡林浩特市北郊的北电胜利露天矿区排土场,地势较为开阔平坦。该矿区的年降雨量为284.9 mm,年平均气温为0~3℃,降雨集中在7月至9月这3个月份,7月气温最高,而且昼夜温差大,属于典型的半干旱大陆季风气候。
示范区共采用6种草本植物,设置了4种不同的配比组合。所用草本植物包括豆科植物沙打旺和紫花苜蓿,以及禾本科植物羊草、冰草、老芒麦、无芒雀麦。4种不同配比为豆科与禾本科植物的比例分别为1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、2∶1。本试验选取小区内沙打旺为研究对象,分别在对照区(CK)和接菌区(AM)的4种不同种植比例(共8个小区,见图1)中均匀随机选取30株植物,每株于上、中、下3个部位各选取1片叶子,采用SVCHR-1024i型全波段地物光谱仪采集叶片光谱反射率信息,光谱仪波长范围为350~2 500 nm。为减少环境对光谱测量的干扰,每隔0.5 h进行一次白板校正。每片叶子采集3次光谱数据,取其平均值作为原始数据。采用SPAD-502型便携式叶绿素仪测量叶片的叶绿素含量,每片叶子同样测量3次并取平均值。
光谱样本共采集240条,剔除异常值,剩余238条。对样本按照训练集∶测试集为3∶1的比例进行划分(见表1)。
去除每条光谱样本噪声影响较大的边缘波段350~400 nm和2400~2 500 nm,本研究选择400~2 400 nm范围内的光谱进行处理与分析。光谱采集过程中,由于测试环境、仪器本身、测试背景等条件限制,所获光谱曲线仍存在噪声,需对光谱进行预处理。使用ENVI5.3对光谱曲线进行平滑去噪处理和重采样。
在沙打旺原始光谱反射率(Original Spectral Reflectance, R)的基础上,计算其倒数的对数(Inverse-log Reflectance, LR)和一阶微分(First Order Differential Reflectance, FDR)。LR处理可有效减弱因光照变化引起的光谱波动,而FDR可抑制背景噪声,并提升光谱敏感度。LR和FDR两项指标均通过ENVI5.3软件计算获得。
BP(Back Propagation, BP)神经网络是一种误差反向传播神经网络,通常包含3层或3层以上的网络层次,每层由若干个神经元组成。BP神经网络是一种有效的多层神经网络学习方法,能学习和存贮大量的输入-输出模式映射关系,擅长处理非线性问题,且无需建立具体的数学模型[7]。本研究以全波段的光谱参数作为输入,叶绿素含量作为输出,利用Matlab2014软件建立BP神经网络模型。
支持向量机回归(Support Vector Regression, SVR)通过预设的非线性映射将输入向量映射到高维特征空间(Hilbert空间),并在该空间进行线性回归,从而实现对原始空间的非线性回归[8]。SVR不依赖于传统的推导方法,简化了通常的回归问题。本研究同样使用Matlab 2014软件建立SVR模型。
随机森林回归(Random Forest Regression, RF)模型由多棵相互独立的回归树构成,其最终输出结果由森林中的所有决策树共同决定。RF能够降低数据噪声、特征共线性等因素对结果的干扰,从而显著提高模型的稳定性[9]。本研究使用Matlab2014软件建立模型。
模型的预测精度采用决定系数R2、均方根误差(Root Mean Squared Error, RMSE)和相对分析误差(Relative Percent Deviation, RPD)3个参数进行评价。R2表征模型的稳定性,其值越接近1,模型越稳定;RMSE用来评估模型的预测效果,其值越小表明模型的预测能力强;RPD为测试集标准差与RMSE的比值,用来判断模型的预测能力。RPD<1.4表示该模型预测能力较差;1.4≤RPD<2.0表示该模型有较好的预测能力;RPD≥2.0表示模型有极好的预测能力[10]
尽管野外环境复杂,影响因素较多,但是接种AM真菌后的叶绿素值仍显著高于CK,其最小值为52.1,最高可达79.4(见表2)。这表明接种AM真菌有效促进了植物叶绿素含量的积累,这一效应在沙打旺的光谱特征曲线上也得到了体现。接菌组与对照组的沙打旺光谱曲线具有类似的形状及变化规律(如图2所示)。在可见光范围内,随着波长的增加,光谱在540 nm附近出现一个反射峰(绿峰)。随后光谱急剧上升,在中红外波段,受植被水分的影响,在1 400 nm、1 900 nm附近分别形成两个吸收谷。尽管两种处理的光谱曲线走势类似,但整体来看,CK的光谱反射率高于AM的。这是由于接菌植株的叶绿素含量更高,对光的吸收能力强所致。
经过双因素方差分析,不同处理对沙打旺叶绿素的含量虽然无显著差异,但从表3可以看出,1∶2条件下的植物叶片叶绿素相对含量(Soil and Plant Anayzer Development, SPAD值)最高。这说明了豆科与禾本科植物的种植比例不同,也会为植物生长产生促进或抑制作用。由不同种植比例下原始光谱曲线(见图3)可知,不同比例下沙打旺的原始光谱变化也呈现出与接菌曲线相似的变化规律,分别在540 nm、1 400 nm、1 900 nm附近出现一个反射峰和两个吸收谷。其中,1∶3的光谱特征曲线最高,2∶1、1∶1的曲线次之,1∶2的曲线最低。分析其原因可能是在1∶2的比例下,豆科植物和禾本科植物相互之间的促进作用更强,使沙打旺的发育情况较好,叶绿素含量多,对光的吸收能力强。
建立对照和接菌两种情况下的叶绿素含量反演模型。接种AM菌根叶绿素含量反演精度对比情况见表4。由表4可知,在CK处理下建立的反演模型测试集的R2最高达到了0.854,该模型的RMSE=0.981, RPD=2.543,表明模型有极好的预测能力;在AM处理下的R2最高为0.892, RMSE=1.071, RPD=2.911,模型同样对叶绿素含量表现出极好的预测能力。图4为上述两个模型中的预测值与实测值的对比结果。
在对照区,共采用了3种建模方法和3种光谱指标,建立了9个模型。在这些模型当中,同一处理同一种建模方法下,基于原始光谱曲线所建模型的精度均要低于其余两个指标。而在不同的建模方法之间,基于相同的光谱指标时,RF的整体建模精度都要高于BP和SVR。综合比较,采用RF回归对FDR指标建模精度更高。而对于接菌区所建立的9个模型也呈现出和对照区类似的规律,使用RF回归对FDR指标建模的精度最高。从整体上来说,CK的建模精度要低于AM,这说明在AM处理下的光谱特征曲线具有更好的反演效果。
对不同混播比例下的植物光谱进行建模,得到反演精度对比结果见表5。在1∶3比例下,采用BP神经网络方法对FDR所建模型的反演精度最高,训练集R2=0.890;其测试集的R2=0.899, RMSE=1.843, RPD=2.652,表明该模型对叶绿素含量具有良好的预测能力。在1∶2比例条件下,反演精度最好的模型同样为基于BP神经网络方法对FDR所建立的模型,测试集R2=0.856, RMSE=1.141, RPD=2.706。而在1∶1和2∶1条件下,反演精度最好的模型均为使用RF回归对FDR建立的模型,其测试集的R2RMSERPD分别为0.842, 2.570, 2.189和0.850, 2.276, 2.410。将1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、2∶1四种处理下的最佳反演模型得到的预测值和实际测得的真实值进行对比,得到的结果如图5所示。
指标FDR相比于R、LR具有更高的精度。在同一处理、同一方法下,测试集中除去1∶3比例下使用SVR方法对FDR所建立的模型精度小于LR,使用RF方法对FDR所建立的模型精度小于R,其余基于指标FDR所建立的模型精度均更高。与RF、BP神经网络两种方法相比,使用SVR所建立的反演模型精度较差,R2均未超过0.750。
已有大量的研究证明接种AM真菌能够提高植物叶绿素含量并促进植物生长[1,11-12]。也有试验表明,豆禾的不同种植比例对植物生长也有影响[4,13]。目前已有学者将微生物复垦作用和高光谱技术结合起来[14-16],但关于豆禾不同种植比例对植物光谱影响的研究较为缺乏。沙打旺作为常见的牧草植物,根系发达、入土深,是许多学者研究的热点[17]。然而从高光谱技术的角度上,却很少有人涉及。本文从估测叶绿素含量入手,探究了在微生物复垦及不同种植比例对沙打旺光谱曲线的影响。
对光谱进行变换处理,可减少外界因素对光谱信息的干扰,目前已有大量学者对植物的光谱特征曲线做了不同的变换处理,得到了比只使用原始光谱曲线进行预测目标变量更好的精度。本文在对R、LR、FDR 3种光谱变换指标进行建模分析时,发现FDR建立的模型精度要优于其余两种指标,这与于雷等[16]在对土壤有机质含量进行光谱估算时得到的结论一致。
回归分析旨在估计目标变量与光谱响应之间的特定关系,常用的方法主要有逐步多元线性回归[18-19]、偏最小二乘回归[20-21]、BP神经网络回归[22-23]、支持向量机回归[24-25]、随机森林回归[15,21]等。本文采用BP神经网络回归、支持向量机回归(SVR)、随机森林回归(RF)对沙打旺叶绿素含量进行估算,发现微生物复垦条件下建立的对照区和接菌区的反演模型,使用RF方法的精度最好。这与SUN Jinhua等[15]对玉米进行光谱反演时得到的结论有所不同,分析其原因可能是玉米和沙打旺属不同科的植物,其光谱曲线存在差异,进而导致叶绿素反演建模的表现不一致。这一推测还需进一步采用其他种类的豆科植物进行验证。在不同种植比例条件下,1∶1和2∶1小区使用RF方法建模精度最好,1∶2和1∶3小区中使用BP神经网络回归建模精度比较高。
无论在哪种处理下反演得到的模型,其测试集的R2均小于0.9,部分模型R2甚至在0.5~0.6区间。分析其原因可能是野外不可控的因素较多,导致光谱信息采集不完整,加之在建立不同比例的模型时,用到的样本数量有限,影响了精度。因此,如何降低野外环境的干扰,提高模型精度,是后续需重点研究的问题。此外,如何将本研究中得到的光谱反演模型运用到其他试验中,以预测叶绿素含量,仍需大量试验数据支持与进一步验证。

(1)接种AM真菌提高了叶绿素含量,使得沙打旺在对照和接菌两种不同处理下的光谱表现出明显差异。尽管不同种植比例对叶绿素含量未造成显著性差异,但1∶2比例对叶绿素含量的提升作用更明显。

(2)对原始光谱曲线(R)求倒数之对数(LR)和一阶微分(FDR)是两种常见的光谱变换处理方法。与R相比,LR、FDR在不同程度上提高了建模精度,其中FDR的建模精度是3种光谱指标中最好的。

(3)在微生物复垦条件下,对照区和接菌区采用RF回归建立的模型精度最高,训练集的R2分别达到了0.854, 0.892。而在不同种植比例的条件下,1∶2小区和1∶3小区的样本使用BP神经网络回归建立的模型精度高,R2分别是0.856, 0.899;1∶1小区和2∶1小区的光谱样本则使用RF回归建立的模型精度最好,R2分别是0.842, 0.850。

  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC050106)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52404186)
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2025年第45卷第10期
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  • 接收时间:2024-11-06
  • 首发时间:2026-02-06
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-06
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC050106)
国家自然科学基金项目(52404186)
作者信息
    1.国能北电胜利能源有限公司,内蒙古 锡林浩特市 026000
    2.西安科技大学地质与环境学院,陕西 西安 710054
    3.中国矿业大学(北京)煤炭精细勘探与智能开发国家重点实验室,北京 100083
    4.国能新疆托克逊能源有限责任公司,新疆 吐鲁番市 838100

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毕银丽(1971一),女,陕西米脂人,博士,长江学者特聘教授,博士生导师,主要从事矿区地质环境治理、生态修复与土地复垦等方面的研究工作。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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