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Article(id=1226462294197056492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1226462293408531329, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752681600000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770340997503, onlineDateStr=2026-02-06, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770340997503, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770340997503, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770340997503, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1226462293408531329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770340997315, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770341205851, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1226463168155792201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1226462293408531329, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1226463168155792202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1226462293408531329, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=43, endPage=52, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1226462294415160302, articleId=1226462294197056492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Optimization Analysis of Stope Structure Parameters of Upward Layered Point Pillar Filling Mining Method in a Mine, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the increase of mining depth, open stope mining method is facing greater safety hazards and environmental pressure. Filling mining method, as a safe and green mining technology, has been widely used in mining. Taking a large copper mine as the research object, combined with theoretical analysis and numerical simulation methods, the stope structure parameters of upward layered point pillar filling mining method were optimized, and the effects of stope length, point pillar size and point pillar center spacing on stope stability and mine production capacity were systematically analyzed. The results show that when the stope length is 65 m, the point pillar size is 5 m×5 m, and the point pillar center spacing is 15 m, the stability of the mine stope is high and the production efficiency is the best. The optimization scheme of stope structure parameters can not only effectively guarantee the safe mining of the mine, but also improve the utilization rate of resources, which provides a scientific basis for the application of filling mining technology in similar mines.

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随着矿山开采深度的增加，空场采矿法面临着更大的安全隐患与环境压力。充填采矿法作为一种安全和绿色的采矿技术，已广泛应用于矿山开采中。以某大型铜矿为研究对象，结合理论分析和数值模拟方法，对上向分层点柱充填采矿法的采场结构参数进行优化研究，系统分析采场长度、点柱尺寸和点柱中心间距等参数对采场稳定性和矿山生产能力的影响。结果表明，当采场长度为65 m，点柱尺寸为5 m×5 m，点柱中心间距为15 m时，矿山采场的稳定性较高且生产效率最佳。该采场结构参数优化方案不仅能有效保障矿山的安全开采，还能提高资源利用率，为类似矿山的充填开采技术应用提供了科学依据。

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杨宁（1992一），男，宁夏中卫人，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事采矿工程技术研究。E-mail:
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张志军（1982一），男，河北滦平人，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事采矿技术与生产管理工作。E-mail:

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张志军（1982一），男，河北滦平人，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事采矿技术与生产管理工作。E-mail:

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张志军（1982一），男，河北滦平人，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事采矿技术与生产管理工作。E-mail:

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caption=Schematic diagram of upward layered point pillor filling mining method, figureFileSmall=5nzElofkDf0zPsA5ivFr7Q==, figureFileBig=A2dT7ou6g2ruWeyxaRYNEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462303105757611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=CN, label=图1, caption=上向分层点柱充填采矿法示意, figureFileSmall=5nzElofkDf0zPsA5ivFr7Q==, figureFileBig=A2dT7ou6g2ruWeyxaRYNEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462303600685512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Three-dimensional model of numerical calculation, figureFileSmall=jAahx4oyHwlFE8e0syOUKw==, figureFileBig=Qu8yA32tibjtXAPCWrxPdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462303739097554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=CN, label=图2, caption=数值计算三维模型, figureFileSmall=jAahx4oyHwlFE8e0syOUKw==, figureFileBig=Qu8yA32tibjtXAPCWrxPdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462303856538079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Vertical views of comparison schemes under different stope lengths, figureFileSmall=vwa9k/GoCYZym193yHM/+w==, figureFileBig=/6VPw+ryQKuOWVuCgxqI0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462304024310250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同采场长度下对比方案俯视图, figureFileSmall=vwa9k/GoCYZym193yHM/+w==, figureFileBig=/6VPw+ryQKuOWVuCgxqI0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462304129167857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Maximum principal stress cloud diagrams of stope under different stope lengths, figureFileSmall=40s3VttImj1CgUFSicuBiA==, figureFileBig=w/FCeVN+WAGlcmg5SiMUjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462304217248252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同采场长度下采场最大主应力云图, figureFileSmall=40s3VttImj1CgUFSicuBiA==, figureFileBig=w/FCeVN+WAGlcmg5SiMUjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462304498266635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Minimum principal stress cloud diagrams of stope under different stope lengths, figureFileSmall=QG18IDowuJLLt4UKS+P2iA==, figureFileBig=bC/HCg2sCeqPPf/yyV4sSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462304640872984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同采场长度下采场最小主应力云图, figureFileSmall=QG18IDowuJLLt4UKS+P2iA==, figureFileBig=bC/HCg2sCeqPPf/yyV4sSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462304737341984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Plastic zone distribution cloud diagrams of stope under different stope lengths, figureFileSmall=+KiEhnecbBmyIcH8IFhuCg==, figureFileBig=mhyKX/PkNDoa0VJLkzZZDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462304858976809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同采场长度下采场塑性区分布云图, figureFileSmall=+KiEhnecbBmyIcH8IFhuCg==, figureFileBig=mhyKX/PkNDoa0VJLkzZZDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462305001583161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Vertical displacement cloud diagrams of stope under different stope lengths, figureFileSmall=bbfp8sE9auhihZD/av3dIA==, figureFileBig=PJInuxrwTeMFxRfOdf+A7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462305093857862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同采场长度下采场垂直位移云图, figureFileSmall=bbfp8sE9auhihZD/av3dIA==, figureFileBig=PJInuxrwTeMFxRfOdf+A7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462305274212949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Vertical views of comparison schemes under different pillar sizes, figureFileSmall=Y+TVGWf6epA9w37XX9WGWQ==, figureFileBig=9jj9B7UtJioCDgu8if2Vtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462305400042082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同点柱尺寸下对比方案俯视图, figureFileSmall=Y+TVGWf6epA9w37XX9WGWQ==, figureFileBig=9jj9B7UtJioCDgu8if2Vtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462305530065523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Maximum principal stress cloud diagrams of stope under different pillar sizes, figureFileSmall=hveCqTXtMT7ZusN18hUnMw==, figureFileBig=dLN72kW/5n2zaIjshj48vA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462305660088959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同点柱尺寸下采场最大主应力云图, figureFileSmall=hveCqTXtMT7ZusN18hUnMw==, figureFileBig=dLN72kW/5n2zaIjshj48vA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462305873998482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Minimum principal stress cloud diagrams of stope under different pillar sizes, figureFileSmall=jozLKNySWc1Ch6vEnGiojg==, figureFileBig=XIueO/HaHtAu7ZGQWhrkAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462305966273183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同点柱尺寸下采场最小主应力云图, figureFileSmall=jozLKNySWc1Ch6vEnGiojg==, figureFileBig=XIueO/HaHtAu7ZGQWhrkAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462306129851059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Plastic zone distribution cloud diagrams of stope under different pillar sizes, figureFileSmall=LORNClK+zbKQK1O/lGTI4Q==, figureFileBig=nRAQ/9tC9nyQdOunU4FfMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462306272457406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同点柱尺寸下采场塑性区分布云图, figureFileSmall=LORNClK+zbKQK1O/lGTI4Q==, figureFileBig=nRAQ/9tC9nyQdOunU4FfMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462306373120710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Vertical displacement cloud diagrams of stope under different pillar sizes, figureFileSmall=tza+tMNN9X9Q2hSTpQkUHw==, figureFileBig=mE6wk+chIGVAZnS7Pc/8wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462306457006804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=CN, label=图12, caption=不同点柱尺寸下采场垂直位移云图, figureFileSmall=tza+tMNN9X9Q2hSTpQkUHw==, figureFileBig=mE6wk+chIGVAZnS7Pc/8wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462306553475810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Vertical views of comparison schemes under different pillar center spacing, figureFileSmall=HmPRX4BWAP+2ZSSve4XIuQ==, figureFileBig=0h32k5lVfEADeMk5xNirbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462306666722028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=CN, label=图13, caption=不同点柱中心间距下对比方案俯视图, figureFileSmall=HmPRX4BWAP+2ZSSve4XIuQ==, figureFileBig=0h32k5lVfEADeMk5xNirbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462306775773945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Maximum principal stress cloud diagrams of stope under different pillar center spacing, figureFileSmall=tbNBScP1s97NzEv4sOIRWQ==, figureFileBig=23rNPVPC6/V05swW9uR75A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462306880631555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=CN, label=图14, caption=不同点柱中心间距下采场最大主应力云图, figureFileSmall=tbNBScP1s97NzEv4sOIRWQ==, figureFileBig=23rNPVPC6/V05swW9uR75A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462307014849303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Minimum principal stress cloud diagrams of stope under different pillar center spacing, figureFileSmall=SZS6t8WFOb2zjUoNdewkZw==, figureFileBig=5Iiq51JakzD26GbGEYCxUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462307111318310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=CN, label=图15, caption=不同点柱中心间距下采场最小主应力云图, figureFileSmall=SZS6t8WFOb2zjUoNdewkZw==, figureFileBig=5Iiq51JakzD26GbGEYCxUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462307199398706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=Plastic zone distribution cloud diagrams of stope under different pillar center spacing, figureFileSmall=fcJniWtjZqb062eZA/g2UQ==, figureFileBig=aAxRPeDzUgofRitlRAPChA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462307316839234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=CN, label=图16, caption=不同点柱中心间距下采场塑性区分布云图, figureFileSmall=fcJniWtjZqb062eZA/g2UQ==, figureFileBig=aAxRPeDzUgofRitlRAPChA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462307409113937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=EN, label=Fig.17, caption=Vertical displacement cloud diagrams of stope under different pillar center spacing, figureFileSmall=69NaFm6tkJqQxd/iHYqSJA==, figureFileBig=s93oXdWcGhlna7h4nCqxvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462307732075361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=CN, label=图17, caption=不同点柱中心间距下采场垂直位移云图, figureFileSmall=69NaFm6tkJqQxd/iHYqSJA==, figureFileBig=s93oXdWcGhlna7h4nCqxvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1226462307849515887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Physical and mechanical parameters of rock mass

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性密度/(kg/m3)抗拉强度/MPa单轴抗压强度/MPa弹性模量E/GPa泊松比μ黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)
角闪岩2 8705.1162.0538.480.2611.7854.09
黑云母白云石片岩2 9703.9145.8838.580.2210.2445.11
白云石大理岩2 8408.8671.5836.280.2511.5658.85
黑云母石英片岩2 87012.1996.1042.060.1517.2154.49
碳质石英片岩2 7906.6870.6038.160.2113.3552.98
大理岩2 7606.0887.4531.120.1813.0355.23
碳酸岩石英片岩2 8107.1566.3648.920.1610.8752.33
方解石石英岩2 8908.9471.1451.350.2211.3853.36
), ArticleFig(id=1226462307941790595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

矿岩体物理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性密度/(kg/m3)抗拉强度/MPa单轴抗压强度/MPa弹性模量E/GPa泊松比μ黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)
角闪岩2 8705.1162.0538.480.2611.7854.09
黑云母白云石片岩2 9703.9145.8838.580.2210.2445.11
白云石大理岩2 8408.8671.5836.280.2511.5658.85
黑云母石英片岩2 87012.1996.1042.060.1517.2154.49
碳质石英片岩2 7906.6870.6038.160.2113.3552.98
大理岩2 7606.0887.4531.120.1813.0355.23
碳酸岩石英片岩2 8107.1566.3648.920.1610.8752.33
方解石石英岩2 8908.9471.1451.350.2211.3853.36
), ArticleFig(id=1226462308365415327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Summary and comparison of rock mass classification in the mining area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性RQD法RMR法Q法岩土规范法综合等级
白云石大理岩ⅢⅢ好(Ⅱ2)ⅢⅢ
黑云母石英片岩ⅢⅢ一般(Ⅲ1)ⅡⅢ
碳质石英片岩ⅢⅢ好(Ⅱ2)ⅢⅢ
碳酸岩石英片岩ⅢⅢ好(Ⅱ2)ⅢⅢ
), ArticleFig(id=1226462308470272942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

矿区岩体分级汇总对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性RQD法RMR法Q法岩土规范法综合等级
白云石大理岩ⅢⅢ好(Ⅱ2)ⅢⅢ
黑云母石英片岩ⅢⅢ一般(Ⅲ1)ⅡⅢ
碳质石英片岩ⅢⅢ好(Ⅱ2)ⅢⅢ
碳酸岩石英片岩ⅢⅢ好(Ⅱ2)ⅢⅢ
), ArticleFig(id=1226462308612879293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Stability coefficient and hydraulic radius of roof in different rook types

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性修正的岩体综合质量指数Q’岩石应力系数A节理方位系数B重力调整系数CNR1R2
白云石大理岩10.0010.553.3018.156.208.61
矿体10.8310.553.3019.666.278.63
), ArticleFig(id=1226462308696765391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同岩性顶板稳定性系数及水力半径

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性修正的岩体综合质量指数Q’岩石应力系数A节理方位系数B重力调整系数CNR1R2
白云石大理岩10.0010.553.3018.156.208.61
矿体10.8310.553.3019.666.278.63
), ArticleFig(id=1226462308818400215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Stope exposed area of upward layered point pillar filling mining method

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性水力半径R1/m暴露面积/m2备注
中心间距13 m中心间距15 m
白云石大理岩6.206721 035近似值
矿体6.276721 146近似值
), ArticleFig(id=1226462308940035047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

上向分层点柱充填采矿法采场暴露面积

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性水力半径R1/m暴露面积/m2备注
中心间距13 m中心间距15 m
白云石大理岩6.206721 035近似值
矿体6.276721 146近似值
), ArticleFig(id=1226462309049086964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Simulation schemes of stope structural parameters of upward layered point pillar filling mining method

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况点柱尺寸/m点柱中心间距/m采场长度/m间柱宽度/m
工况一5×5155510
工况二5×5156510
工况三5×5157510
工况四4×4156510
工况五6×6156510
工况六5×5146510
工况七5×5166510
), ArticleFig(id=1226462309174915073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

上向分层点柱充填采矿法采场结构参数模拟方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况点柱尺寸/m点柱中心间距/m采场长度/m间柱宽度/m
工况一5×5155510
工况二5×5156510
工况三5×5157510
工况四4×4156510
工况五6×6156510
工况六5×5146510
工况七5×5166510
), ArticleFig(id=1226462309279772686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Physical and mechanical parameters of each materials used in the simulation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料密度/(kg/m3)抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa泊松比黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)
白云石大理岩2 8400.416.889 10.251.7838.3
黑云母石英片岩2 8700.365.691 20.221.2333.1
碳质石英片岩2 7900.435.863 10.211.3234.2
碳酸岩石英片岩2 8100.425.763 50.221.2633.5
低强度充填体(1 MPa)1 6750.100.250 00.290.2716.5
高强度充填体(3.0 MPa)1 9000.300.400 00.260.518.0
), ArticleFig(id=1226462309405601824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1226462294197056492, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

模拟所用各材料物理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料密度/(kg/m3)抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa泊松比黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)
白云石大理岩2 8400.416.889 10.251.7838.3
黑云母石英片岩2 8700.365.691 20.221.2333.1
碳质石英片岩2 7900.435.863 10.211.3234.2
碳酸岩石英片岩2 8100.425.763 50.221.2633.5
低强度充填体(1 MPa)1 6750.100.250 00.290.2716.5
高强度充填体(3.0 MPa)1 9000.300.400 00.260.518.0
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某矿山上向分层点柱充填采矿法采场结构参数优化分析
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张志军 1 , 杨宁 2, 3 , 任清霖 2, 3 , 林卫星 2, 3
矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025,45(10): 43-52
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矿业研究与开发 | 采矿与矿山充填 2025, 45(10): 43-52
某矿山上向分层点柱充填采矿法采场结构参数优化分析
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张志军1 , 杨宁2, 3 , 任清霖2, 3, 林卫星2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.中冶集团铜锌有限公司，北京　100028
  • 2.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司，湖南　长沙　410012
  • 3.国家金属采矿工程技术研究中心，湖南　长沙　410012

    • 张志军（1982一），男，河北滦平人，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事采矿技术与生产管理工作。E-mail:

通讯作者:

杨宁（1992一），男，宁夏中卫人，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事采矿工程技术研究。E-mail:
Optimization Analysis of Stope Structure Parameters of Upward Layered Point Pillar Filling Mining Method in a Mine
Zhijun ZHANG1 , Ning YANG2, 3 , Qinglin REN2, 3, Weixing LIN2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.MCC Tongsin Resources Ltd., Beijing 100028, China
  • 2.Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
  • 3.Research Center for National Metal Mining Engineering Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25
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摘要
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随着矿山开采深度的增加，空场采矿法面临着更大的安全隐患与环境压力。充填采矿法作为一种安全和绿色的采矿技术，已广泛应用于矿山开采中。以某大型铜矿为研究对象，结合理论分析和数值模拟方法，对上向分层点柱充填采矿法的采场结构参数进行优化研究，系统分析采场长度、点柱尺寸和点柱中心间距等参数对采场稳定性和矿山生产能力的影响。结果表明，当采场长度为65 m，点柱尺寸为5 m×5 m，点柱中心间距为15 m时，矿山采场的稳定性较高且生产效率最佳。该采场结构参数优化方案不仅能有效保障矿山的安全开采，还能提高资源利用率，为类似矿山的充填开采技术应用提供了科学依据。

上向分层点柱充填采矿法  /  采场结构参数  /  采场长度  /  点柱尺寸  /  点柱中心间距

With the increase of mining depth, open stope mining method is facing greater safety hazards and environmental pressure. Filling mining method, as a safe and green mining technology, has been widely used in mining. Taking a large copper mine as the research object, combined with theoretical analysis and numerical simulation methods, the stope structure parameters of upward layered point pillar filling mining method were optimized, and the effects of stope length, point pillar size and point pillar center spacing on stope stability and mine production capacity were systematically analyzed. The results show that when the stope length is 65 m, the point pillar size is 5 m×5 m, and the point pillar center spacing is 15 m, the stability of the mine stope is high and the production efficiency is the best. The optimization scheme of stope structure parameters can not only effectively guarantee the safe mining of the mine, but also improve the utilization rate of resources, which provides a scientific basis for the application of filling mining technology in similar mines.

Upward layered point pillar filling mining method  /  Stope structural parameter  /  Stope length  /  Point pillar size  /  Point pillar center spacing
张志军, 杨宁, 任清霖, 林卫星. 某矿山上向分层点柱充填采矿法采场结构参数优化分析. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (10) : 43 -52 .
Zhijun ZHANG, Ning YANG, Qinglin REN, Weixing LIN. Optimization Analysis of Stope Structure Parameters of Upward Layered Point Pillar Filling Mining Method in a Mine[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (10) : 43 -52 .
正文
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0　引言
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在全球经济与社会发展进程中，矿产资源的开发和利用是支撑工业生产、推动经济增长的重要基石。通过优化采矿方法的采场结构参数，可以显著提高采矿效率，降低采矿过程中潜在的风险。
在采场最佳结构参数优选方面，众多学者运用理论分析[1-2]、数值模拟及典型采场工业试验[3-4]等方法开展大量研究。采场结构参数是评估矿山采矿方法是否合理且是否经济有效的重要因素之一，矿岩的物理力学性质、含水量及节理裂隙发育程度等因素均会对采场结构参数产生影响[5-6]。赵兴东等[7]通过采用RMR岩体分级和Mathews稳定图解法对西藏帮中锌铜矿的采场结构参数进行了优化。卢西洲等[8]通过Mathews稳定图解法设计了不同的试验方案，利用数值模拟获得不同进路参数对采场的影响，构建了回采进路参数优化综合评价指标体系。随着计算机技术的不断发展，各数值模拟软件在模拟分析矿体开挖后的破坏、失稳、大变形等方面的效果较好，在指导矿山安全生产方面具有较高的可信度[9-13]。
在深部充填开采条件下，采场结构参数直接关系到顶板稳定、充填体承载与生产效率之间的耦合平衡。以往研究普遍通过经验图解法或单一数值工况开展参数优化，而对“特定工程背景下的差异化约束—参数域—稳定性结果”的系统描述仍存在不足。更为关键的是，矿体上部存在需原地保护的文物，地表扰动与变形控制目标远比一般矿山严格，必须在最小化地表影响的前提下实现安全高效回采。
基于此，本文构建了“Mathews稳定性图解法—暴露面积与水力半径约束—FLAC3D多工况验证—工业试验”的闭环技术路线，先以稳定性系数N与水力半径界限推导出暴露面积，再对不同工况下采场的应力、位移、塑性区演化规律进行数值模拟对比分析，最后通过现场试验与监测进行验证。相较于仅凭经验或单一工况研究，该路线能够在“严格地表控制目标”与“稳定-效率统筹”的双重约束下，给出更具可实施性的参数配置方案与组织管理策略。
1　工程概况
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某铜矿位于高原中东部，地处某山脉的北西侧，紧靠山前冲积平原，为高原丘陵地貌，地势较高，地形起伏较大。矿区南、东、北三面环山，形成了一个小型盆地。主矿体分布长度为1 850 m，矿体最大真厚度为210 m，矿体倾角为35°~40°。
矿区设计自下而上开采，采用上向分层点柱充填采矿法（见图1），盘区沿走向布置，宽为矿体水平厚度，中段高度为75 m，分段高度为25 m，分层高度为4 m，盘区之间留10 m间柱，间柱不回采，盘区内布置点柱。
1.1　矿岩物理力学性质
矿体围岩和夹石主要为洛依赫瓦尔组碳酸盐、含陆源碎屑的碳酸盐组成的变质岩，岩性为角闪岩、黑云母白云石片岩、白云石大理岩、黑云母石英片岩、碳质石英片岩、大理岩等。矿岩体物理力学参数见表1。
1.2　矿岩稳定性评价
矿区岩体分级汇总对比见表2。采用RQD法、RMR法、Q法及岩土规范法对白云石大理岩、黑云母石英片岩、碳质石英片岩及碳酸岩石英片岩等4种矿岩体的岩体质量进行评价，综合多种方法可知，白云石大理岩、黑云母石英片岩、碳质石英片岩及碳酸岩石英片岩的岩体质量等级为Ⅲ级。
2　采场暴露面积推荐参数理论计算
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Mathews 稳定性图解法为地下矿山设计的经验方法，其核心以稳定性系数N和水力半径R的坐标域判别暴露面的稳定性。该方法基于大量现场数据，归纳建立边界曲线，并通过 Potvin对数据集与稳定域进行扩展[14-15]。本文仅将其用于限定上向分层点柱式充填采场关键参数组合的初步可行域，最终以数值模拟与现场监测验证为准。
2.1　Mathews稳定性图解法应用
根据开采设计，采用上向分层点柱充填采矿法。为保障开采作业的安全性，需对该采矿方法下采场顶板的稳定性进行研究。
矿房顶板暴露面面积与其周长的比值为形状系数(水力半径), 通过该系数，可以计算出暴露面的短边长度，近似得出矿房的跨度。本次设计采用 Potvin修订版稳定性图表，可以通过稳定性系数N确定稳定区水力半径R1和崩落区水力半径R2。不同岩性顶板稳定性系数计算结果及水力半径见表3。
对于白云石大理岩，当采场暴露面积的水力半径为6.20 m时，顶板处于极限稳定状态；当采场极限暴露面积的水力半径达到8.61 m时，顶板达到极限冒落状态。对于矿体，当暴露面积的水力半径为6.27 m时，顶板处于极限稳定状态；当极限暴露面积的水力半径达到8.63 m时，顶板达到极限冒落状态。
为将Mathews稳定性图解法给出的允许水力半径R1转化为上向分层点柱式充填采场的点柱网格参数，记矿房有效宽度为B，点柱中心间距为s，点柱边长为d。对于点柱网格围成的重复单元，其等效净暴露短边可近似取s−d，基于净暴露面积与周长的关系，可计算单元的等效水力半径HRcell。筛选准则为：
式中：AR1(B)为由R1反推的允许暴露面积上限；Anet为顶板暴露面积；L为采场长度，长宽比采用4∶1约束复核。将对应的R1代入，得到可行的点柱中心间距s=13~15 m。
2.2　采场暴露面积估算
基于以上分析，选取代表性组合s=13~15 m, d=5 m×5 m、6 m×6 m，计算点柱与点柱之间的暴露面积及等效水力半径，结果见表4。由表4可知，在白云石大理岩与矿体两类顶板条件下，中心间距13~15 m工况对应的暴露面积均处于由R1约束反推的允许区间。
综上可知，各类矿岩采场中，点柱与点柱之间的暴露面积为672~1 146 m2，考虑到上向水平充填采矿法采场包含多排(列)点柱，结合点柱间暴露面积与采场结构之间的关系，推算出上向分层点柱充填采矿法采场的长度为52~76 m。
3　数值模拟分析
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3.1　数值模拟方案
根据矿山的地质条件及上向分层点柱充填采矿法的特点，结合相关资料，可知上向分层点柱充填采矿法盘区沿走向布置，长为65 m，宽为矿体水平厚度，盘区之间留10 m间柱，盘区内布置5 m×5 m的点柱，中心间隔距离为15 m。基于Mathews稳定性图解法计算得出的顶板暴露面积为672~1 146 m2，设计了7种模拟工况，见表5。其中，通过工况一、工况二、工况三验证采场长度合理性；通过工况二、工况四、工况五验证点柱尺寸合理性；通过工况二、工况六、工况七验证点柱中心间距合理性。
3.2　采场结构参数计算模型
建立的数值模拟分析模型如图2所示。典型工况总单元数约为9.2×106, 围岩与矿体采用 Mohr-Coulomb 模型，底部采用固定约束，约束三向位移，四周采用水平速度约束，固定轴向位移，模型最顶部为自由面。在Z轴负方向施加重力加速度，大小为10 m/s2。采用重力 +侧压系数建立初始应力场并进行平衡。模型内包含点柱、间柱、充填体等，采场长度为55~75 m, 为形成对照方案，宽度统一设为40 m, 间柱宽10 m, 点柱尺寸为(4 m×4 m)~(6 m×6 m), 中心间距为14~16 m, 分层高度为4.0 m。采场位于上向分层点柱充填采矿法应力最大处，即1 945 m中段。
本次数值模拟计算单个盘区采场结构参数，模拟所用物理力学参数见表6。在数值模拟过程中，充填体强度满足设计规范，暴露时间控制与充填体质量均符合现场规范要求。
3.3　模拟结果分析
3.3.1　采场长度模拟结果分析
为确定上向分层点柱充填采矿法合理采场长度，对比工况一、工况二和工况三，分析开采扰动影响下应力、位移、塑性区的分布规律，得出不同采场长度下采场顶板的稳定状态。图3为采场长度对比方案俯视图，图4至图7为不同采场长度下采场的应力云图、塑性区分布云图及垂直位移云图。
由图4和图5可知，采场回采后，拉应力主要集中在采场顶板净暴露跨中内缘，其次在端部转角区；点柱冠部呈压应力集中现象，3种工况下应力值差别较小。由图6可知，随着采场长度的增加，采场顶板塑性区范围逐渐扩大，当采场长度为75 m时，采场顶板部分塑性区已连成片，点柱上方也存在大量塑性区，可能导致点柱破坏，进一步引起采场失稳。由图7可知，采场顶板下沉量随着采场长度的增加而增大，其最大下沉量为11.3~15.8 mm, 3种工况相差较小。综合分析可知，当采场长度为75 m时，采场顶板可能存在失稳，当采场长度为55~65 m时，其顶板较为稳定，又因采场长度越长，矿山生产能力越大。因此，推荐上向分层点柱充填采矿法采场长度为65 m。
3.3.2　点柱合理尺寸模拟结果分析
为了确定上向分层点柱充填采矿法的合理点柱尺寸，对比工况二、工况四和工况五，分析开采扰动影响下应力、位移、塑性区的分布规律，得出不同点柱尺寸下采场稳定状态。图8为点柱尺寸对比方案俯视图，图9至图12为不同点柱尺寸下采场应力、塑性区及位移云图。
由图9和图10可知，3种工况采场回采后，拉应力主要出现在采场暴露面积最大处，即采场顶底板，而压应力主要集中于点柱内，且3种工况应力值差别不大。由图11可知，随着采场内点柱尺寸的减小，采场顶板塑性区范围逐渐扩大，当点柱尺寸为4 m×4 m时，采场顶板部分塑性区已连成片，点柱上方也存在大量塑性区，可能导致点柱破坏，进一步引起采场失稳。由图12可知，采场顶板下沉量随着点柱尺寸的减小而增大，采场顶板最大下沉量为10.7~15.9 mm,3种工况相差也较小。综合分析可知，当点柱尺寸为4 m×4 m时，采场顶板可能存在失稳，当点柱尺寸为5 m×5 m或6 m×6 m时，采场顶板较为稳定，又因点柱尺寸越大，矿石损失率越大。因此，推荐上向分层点柱充填采矿法点柱尺寸为5 m×5 m。
3.3.3　点柱合理中心间距模拟结果分析
为了确定上向分层点柱充填采矿法合理点柱中心间距，对比工况二、工况六和工况七，分析开采扰动影响下应力、位移、塑性区的分布规律，得出不同点柱中心间距下采场稳定状态。图13为点柱中心间距对比方案俯视图，图14至图17分别为不同点柱中心间距下采场的应力、塑性区及位移云图。
由图14和图15可知，3种工况采场回采后，拉应力主要出现在采场暴露面积最大处，即采场顶底板，而压应力主要集中于点柱内，且3种工况应力值差别不大。由图16可知，随着采场内点柱中心间距的增加，采场暴露面积增大，采场顶板塑性区范围也逐渐扩大，当点柱中心间距为16 m时，采场顶板部分塑性区已连成片，点柱上方存在大量塑性区，这可能导致点柱破坏，进一步引起采场失稳。由图17可知，采场顶板下沉量随着点柱中心间距的增加而增大，采场顶板最大下沉量为12.8~14.2 mm, 3种工况相差也较小。综合分析可知，当点柱中心间距为16 m时，采场顶板可能存在失稳风险，当点柱中心间距为14~15 m时，采场顶板较为稳定，又因点柱中心间距越小，在一定采场内所留设的点柱越多，矿石损失率越大。因此，推荐上向分层点柱充填采矿法点柱中心间距为15 m。
4　工业试验
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4.1　试验方案
根据数值模拟分析结果，结合矿区的地质条件和矿岩物理力学性质，试验采场选择了以下采场结构参数：采场长度为65 m，点柱尺寸为5 m×5 m，点柱中心间距为15 m。
4.2　现场实施与监测
现场实施过程中，通过安装应力计、位移计和激光全站仪等监测设备，对顶板的应力分布、位移和塑性区进行了实时监测。同时，通过定期检查点柱和充填体的状态，确保充填效果达到预期目标。
采场结构参数优化后，采场顶板的应力分布较为均匀，未出现大规模的拉应力集中区域。使用激光全站仪对采场顶板进行位移监测，监测结果显示，当采场长度为65 m时，顶板最大下沉量为13 mm，远低于设计最大下沉值，表明采场顶板较为稳定。
因此，该设计方案确保了开采过程中采场顶板的稳定性。
5　结论
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通过对某大型铜矿上向分层点柱充填采矿法采场结构参数的优化研究，得出以下主要结论。
（1）采场长度优化：通过数值模拟分析，结合不同采场长度(55 m、65 m、75 m)下的应力、位移与塑性区分布情况，发现当采场长度为65 m时，顶板较为稳定且生产能力较强。
（2）点柱尺寸优化：点柱尺寸的选择对采场稳定性有显著影响。当点柱尺寸为(5 m×5 m)~(6 m×6 m)时，顶板的塑性区较为稳定，而尺寸过小(如4 m×4 m)时，顶板可能出现失稳现象。因此，推荐以点柱尺寸定为5 m×5 m作为最优方案。
（3）点柱中心间距优化：点柱中心间距对采场的稳定性也起到了重要作用。通过模拟结果分析，建议点柱中心间距设置为15 m，以确保采场的稳定性与采矿损失的平衡。
（4）矿山工业试验结果验证了该优化方案不仅能提高矿山开采的安全性，降低顶板失稳的风险，还能提升生产效率，降低矿石损失率，为矿山的可持续开采和资源高效利用提供理论支持。
基金
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  • 中国五矿集团有限公司全国重点实验室专项资金项目(2024GZKJ04)
文献
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2025年第45卷第10期
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  • 接收时间：2025-07-17
  • 首发时间：2026-02-06
  • 出版时间：2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-07-17
基金
中国五矿集团有限公司全国重点实验室专项资金项目(2024GZKJ04)
作者信息
    1.中冶集团铜锌有限公司，北京　100028
    2.长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司，湖南　长沙　410012
    3.国家金属采矿工程技术研究中心，湖南　长沙　410012

通讯作者:

杨宁（1992一），男，宁夏中卫人，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事采矿工程技术研究。E-mail:
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