Article(id=1289914301691568639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1279495830260396249, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2503947, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1748275200000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-27, revisedDate=1757088000000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1785469134971, onlineDateStr=2026-07-31, pubDate=1776441600000, pubDateStr=2026-04-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1785469134971, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-31, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1785469134971, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1785469134971, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1279495830260396249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2026', volume='26', issue='11', pageStart='4471', pageEnd='4911', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776441600000', pubDateStr='2026-04-18', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782985177815, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782985177815, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4644, endPage=4651, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1289914310512189955, articleId=1289914301691568639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Steering Performance Optimization of Directional Drilling Tools under Single-wing-rib Failure Conditions, columnId=1156963928296219492, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the steering performance loss resulting from the inability to maintain preset magnitude and direction of guiding force due to single-wing-rib failure in directional drilling tools, a steering performance optimization model was developed for single-rib failure scenarios. A periodic guiding force-borehole trajectory model was established, along with trajectory calculation method under unsteady guiding forces. A minimization model of trajectory endpoint deviation within sleeve rotation cycles was developed, accompanied by a guiding performance evaluation criterion for unsteady guiding conditions. An improved sparrow search algorithm(ISSA) dynamically adjusted thrusts of functional ribs, effectively enhanced guiding force efficiency and minimizied trajectory deviations during sleeve rotation cycles. Results show that the model essentially eliminates trajectory deviations and fully restores steering performance under trip-free conditions when the guiding force is ≤50% of the maximum value. Beyond this threshold, it still significantly mitigates performance loss, but the mitigation effect gradually diminishes with increasing guiding force. This optimization model effectively reduces the steering performance loss of drilling tools under single-wing-rib failure conditions and demonstrates significant engineering application value.

, authors=Yan-jun LIU1, 2, Ling JI3, Qian-wei LIANG3, Li-gang LI1, *, Xian-feng HAO4, authorsList=Yan-jun LIU, Ling JI, Qian-wei LIANG, Li-gang LI, Xian-feng HAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Li-gang LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1289914358239175221, articleId=1289914301691568639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=定向钻井工具单翼肋失效工况造斜性能优化, columnId=1154013913785032705, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=石油、天然气工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决定向钻井工具单翼肋失效时导向力不能保持设定大小和方向导致的造斜性能损失问题,构建一种面向单翼肋失效工况的造斜性能优化模型。首先,构建“周期性导向力-井眼轨迹”模型,提出非稳态导向力作用下的轨迹计算方法;其次,建立外套旋转周期内轨迹终点偏差最小化模型,提出非稳态导向力作用下造斜性能评价指标;最后,采用改进麻雀搜索算法,动态调节剩余正常翼肋推力,显著提升外套旋转周期内导向力的作用效果,实现单翼肋失效工况下钻具在外套旋转周期内轨迹终点偏差最小化,有效补偿造斜性能损失。实验结果表明:当导向力≤50%最大值时,优化模型可在不起钻条件下基本消除轨迹偏差,完全恢复造斜性能;超过该阈值时,仍能显著降低性能损失,但随着导向力增大,降低幅度逐渐减弱。该优化模型能够有效减小单翼肋失效工况下钻具的造斜性能损失,具有良好的工程应用价值。

, authors=刘彦均1, 2, 吉玲3, 梁倩伟3, 李立刚1, *, 郝宪锋4, authorsList=刘彦均, 吉玲, 梁倩伟, 李立刚, 郝宪锋, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李立刚, authorNote=

刘彦均(2002—),男,汉族,山东青岛人,硕士研究生。研究方向:自动化装置与电子信息。E-mail:

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* 李立刚(1976—),男,汉族,山东东营人,博士,副教授。研究方向:检测技术与自动化装置。E-mail:
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刘彦均(2002—),男,汉族,山东青岛人,硕士研究生。研究方向:自动化装置与电子信息。E-mail:

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刘彦均(2002—),男,汉族,山东青岛人,硕士研究生。研究方向:自动化装置与电子信息。E-mail:

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Petrochemical Industry Technology, 2024, 31(9): 99-101., articleTitle=The system rotation guidance and drilling and logging technology in Iraq, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1289914518134432739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1289914301691568639, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=23, issue=30, pageStart=12883, pageEnd=12891, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=33, authorNames=冯亦江, 赵红燕, 石文睿, journalName=科学技术与工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=冯亦江, 赵红燕, 石文睿, . 鄂西渝东红星地区地质导向关键技术研究与应用[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2023, 23(30): 12883-12891., articleTitle=鄂西渝东红星地区地质导向关键技术研究与应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1289914518193152996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1289914301691568639, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=23, issue=30, pageStart=12883, pageEnd=12891, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Feng Yijiang, Zhao Hongyan, Shi Wenrui, journalName=Science Technology and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Feng Yijiang, Zhao Hongyan, Shi Wenrui, et al. Research and application of key geosteering technology in Hongxing Area, Western Hubei-Eastern Chongqing[J]. 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1为旋转芯轴;2为导向翼肋;3为慢旋转外套;4为轴承; 5为柱塞

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Comparison of trajectory endpoint coordinates before and after single-wing failure

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
钻具工况 X坐标/
10-1m
Y坐标/
10-3m
Z坐标/
10-4m
正常工况 9.972 1.714 3.022
1号翼肋失效后 9.972 0.846 3.175
), ArticleFig(id=1289914513155793850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1289914301691568639, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

单翼肋失效前后轨迹终点坐标对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
钻具工况 X坐标/
10-1m
Y坐标/
10-3m
Z坐标/
10-4m
正常工况 9.972 1.714 3.022
1号翼肋失效后 9.972 0.846 3.175
), ArticleFig(id=1289914513243874235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1289914301691568639, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of optimization speed and convergence performance metrics among different optimization models at G=50%Gmax, ω=100°

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
优化模型 基于SSA的
优化模型
基于ISSA的
优化模型
总计算时/s 37 26
X轴上轨迹平均误差/10-1m 0.0 0.0
Y轴上轨迹平均误差/10-3m 0.07 0.07
Z轴上轨迹平均误差/10-4m 1.70 1.25
), ArticleFig(id=1289914513331954620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1289914301691568639, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

G=50%Gmax, ω=100°时不同优化模型的寻优速度与收敛性能指标对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
优化模型 基于SSA的
优化模型
基于ISSA的
优化模型
总计算时/s 37 26
X轴上轨迹平均误差/10-1m 0.0 0.0
Y轴上轨迹平均误差/10-3m 0.07 0.07
Z轴上轨迹平均误差/10-4m 1.70 1.25
), ArticleFig(id=1289914513415840701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1289914301691568639, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of wellbore trajectory endpoint coordinates under different operating conditions at G=80%Gmax, ω=100°

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
钻具工况 X坐标/10-1m Y坐标/10-3m Z坐标/10-4m
正常工况 9.972 2.74 4.83
1号翼肋失效后 9.972 1.35 5.08
ISSA或SSA优化后 9.972 1.91 4.03
), ArticleFig(id=1289914513474560958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1289914301691568639, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

G=80%Gmax, ω=100°时不同工况下井眼轨迹终点坐标对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
钻具工况 X坐标/10-1m Y坐标/10-3m Z坐标/10-4m
正常工况 9.972 2.74 4.83
1号翼肋失效后 9.972 1.35 5.08
ISSA或SSA优化后 9.972 1.91 4.03
), ArticleFig(id=1289914513550058431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1289914301691568639, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of optimization speed and convergence performance metrics among different optimization models at 80% guiding force and 100° guiding angle

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
优化模型 基于SSA构建 基于ISSA构建
总计算时/s 37 26
X轴上轨迹平均误差/10-1m 0.0 0.0
Y轴上轨迹平均误差/10-3m 0.38 0.35
Z轴上轨迹平均误差/10-4m 1.2 1.1
), ArticleFig(id=1289914513633944512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1289914301691568639, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

导向力为80%、导向角为100°时不同优化模型的寻优速度与收敛性能指标对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
优化模型 基于SSA构建 基于ISSA构建
总计算时/s 37 26
X轴上轨迹平均误差/10-1m 0.0 0.0
Y轴上轨迹平均误差/10-3m 0.38 0.35
Z轴上轨迹平均误差/10-4m 1.2 1.1
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定向钻井工具单翼肋失效工况造斜性能优化
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刘彦均 1, 2 , 吉玲 3 , 梁倩伟 3 , 李立刚 1, * , 郝宪锋 4
科学技术与工程 | 石油、天然气工业 2026,26(11): 4644-4651
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科学技术与工程 |石油、天然气工业 2026 , 26 (11) : 4644 -4651
定向钻井工具单翼肋失效工况造斜性能优化
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刘彦均(2002—),男,汉族,山东青岛人,硕士研究生。研究方向:自动化装置与电子信息。E-mail:

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刘彦均1, 2 , 吉玲3, 梁倩伟3, 李立刚1, * , 郝宪锋4
作者信息
  • 1 中国石油大学(华东)海洋与空间信息学院, 青岛 266580
  • 2 海洋石油工程技术联合研究院(中海油服股份有限公司-中国石油大学(华东)), 北京 101149
  • 3 中海油田服务股份有限公司, 北京 101149
  • 4 中国石油大学(华东)控制科学与工程学院, 青岛 266580
通讯作者:
* 李立刚(1976—),男,汉族,山东东营人,博士,副教授。研究方向:检测技术与自动化装置。E-mail:
作者简介:

刘彦均(2002—),男,汉族,山东青岛人,硕士研究生。研究方向:自动化装置与电子信息。E-mail:

Steering Performance Optimization of Directional Drilling Tools under Single-wing-rib Failure Conditions
Yan-jun LIU1, 2 , Ling JI3, Qian-wei LIANG3, Li-gang LI1, * , Xian-feng HAO4
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
  • 2 COSL-UPC Allied Offshore Oil Engineering Technology Institute, Beijing 101149, China
  • 3 China Oilfield Services Limited, Beijing 101149, China
  • 4 College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
出版时间: 2026-04-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2503947
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为解决定向钻井工具单翼肋失效时导向力不能保持设定大小和方向导致的造斜性能损失问题,构建一种面向单翼肋失效工况的造斜性能优化模型。首先,构建“周期性导向力-井眼轨迹”模型,提出非稳态导向力作用下的轨迹计算方法;其次,建立外套旋转周期内轨迹终点偏差最小化模型,提出非稳态导向力作用下造斜性能评价指标;最后,采用改进麻雀搜索算法,动态调节剩余正常翼肋推力,显著提升外套旋转周期内导向力的作用效果,实现单翼肋失效工况下钻具在外套旋转周期内轨迹终点偏差最小化,有效补偿造斜性能损失。实验结果表明:当导向力≤50%最大值时,优化模型可在不起钻条件下基本消除轨迹偏差,完全恢复造斜性能;超过该阈值时,仍能显著降低性能损失,但随着导向力增大,降低幅度逐渐减弱。该优化模型能够有效减小单翼肋失效工况下钻具的造斜性能损失,具有良好的工程应用价值。

定向钻井工具  /  单翼肋失效工况  /  造斜性能优化  /  改进麻雀搜索(ISSA)算法

To address the steering performance loss resulting from the inability to maintain preset magnitude and direction of guiding force due to single-wing-rib failure in directional drilling tools, a steering performance optimization model was developed for single-rib failure scenarios. A periodic guiding force-borehole trajectory model was established, along with trajectory calculation method under unsteady guiding forces. A minimization model of trajectory endpoint deviation within sleeve rotation cycles was developed, accompanied by a guiding performance evaluation criterion for unsteady guiding conditions. An improved sparrow search algorithm(ISSA) dynamically adjusted thrusts of functional ribs, effectively enhanced guiding force efficiency and minimizied trajectory deviations during sleeve rotation cycles. Results show that the model essentially eliminates trajectory deviations and fully restores steering performance under trip-free conditions when the guiding force is ≤50% of the maximum value. Beyond this threshold, it still significantly mitigates performance loss, but the mitigation effect gradually diminishes with increasing guiding force. This optimization model effectively reduces the steering performance loss of drilling tools under single-wing-rib failure conditions and demonstrates significant engineering application value.

directional drilling tools  /  single-rib-failure condition  /  steering performance optimization  /  improved sparrow search algorithm
刘彦均, 吉玲, 梁倩伟, 李立刚, 郝宪锋. 定向钻井工具单翼肋失效工况造斜性能优化. 科学技术与工程, 2026 , 26 (11) : 4644 -4651 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2503947
Yan-jun LIU, Ling JI, Qian-wei LIANG, Li-gang LI, Xian-feng HAO. Steering Performance Optimization of Directional Drilling Tools under Single-wing-rib Failure Conditions[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2026 , 26 (11) : 4644 -4651 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2503947
定向钻井技术是高效开发油气资源的核心技术之一,其核心装备定向钻井工具(以下简称“钻具”)[1]曾长期受到国外垄断。近年来,随着中海油服等企业自主研发钻具并广泛投入实际应用,中国逐步打破国外技术封锁,实现国产化突破[2-4]。钻具慢旋转外套上均匀分布三个翼肋,相邻翼肋夹角为120°,三翼肋均能提供推力,钻具在井下钻进过程中仅翼肋与井壁接触,三翼肋作用于井壁的反作用力共同合成钻具导向力[5-6]
正常工况下,钻具采用导向力分解算法动态调节翼肋推力,生成设定大小和方向的恒定导向力[7],实现钻具以稳定造斜率进行定向钻进。然而,井下复杂工况及持续高负荷运行易引发单翼肋失效。
单翼肋失效工况下,钻具仅能依靠两正常翼肋提供推力,传统导向力分解算法无法正常使用,导向力不恒定并呈现周期性波动,导致导向力作用效果下降,进而造成造斜性能下降,具体表现为井眼轨迹偏离设计目标。当前,针对钻具单翼肋失效工况的系统研究尚不充分,现有解决方法通常需要起钻更换并修复定向钻具,导致钻井作业中断并显著增加成本。席志旭等[8]通过实验验证了在单翼肋失效工况下,通过调节导向力可在一定程度上弥补钻具造斜性能损失。鉴于钻具导向力由正常翼肋推力合成,本文研究基于剩余正常翼肋推力调节构建一种造斜性能优化模型,可在不起钻条件下实现造斜性能补偿。
钻具造斜性能优化模型构建流程如下。首先,建立“周期性导向力-井眼轨迹”模型,提出非稳态导向力作用下的轨迹计算方法;其次,构建外套旋转周期内轨迹终点偏差最小化模型,制定造斜性能评价指标;最后,采用改进麻雀搜索算法(improved sparrow search algorithm, ISSA)[9]优化剩余翼肋推力分配,完成优化模型的构建。该模型可提升外套旋转周期内导向力作用效果,实现单翼肋失效工况下钻具在外套旋转周期内轨迹终点偏差最小化,有效补偿造斜性能损失。
构建钻具单翼肋失效工况造斜性能优化模型的关键在于确定单翼肋失效下外套旋转周期内的井眼轨迹。单翼肋失效下导向力呈现非平稳特性,现有研究尚未建立有效的非恒定导向力作用下的轨迹计算方法,由于其非线性计算过程复杂且存在多参数强耦合特征,导致轨迹计算难度显著增加。
为解决该技术难题,构建“周期性导向力-井眼轨迹”模型,提出非稳态导向力作用下的轨迹计算方法,具体建模过程分为三个步骤:首先基于“导向力-翼肋推力”力学关系和“导向力-造斜率”动力学关系,明确各参数间的耦合关系;其次通过构建井眼轨迹坐标系并设定初始边界条件,简化模型非线性计算过程;最后,计算外套旋转周期内各点空间坐标,完成模型构建。
钻具结构示意图[10]图1所示,根据力学平衡原理,导向力与三翼肋合力大小相等、方向相反[11],则设定三翼肋合力和导向力大小为G,导向力方向角(即导向角)为ω
正常工况下钻具导向力分解示意图如图2所示,工具高边角α表示1号翼肋与重力高边的夹角,随慢旋转外套的转动而变化,表征外套的旋转角度;工具导向角β表示三个翼肋推力的合力与1号翼肋的相对夹角,表示合力与翼肋的相对位置,计算公式为
β=ω-α
在钻井过程中,为保持导向力大小和导向角的稳定,需随着慢旋转外套的转动基于导向力分解算法实时调整三个翼肋的推力大小,则用F1(α)、F2(α)、F3(α)依次表示工具高边角为α时对应的三翼肋推力。
为便于描述,将三翼肋的旋转坐标系转换为固定直角坐标系如图3所示,垂直于慢旋转外套,翼肋1向外推力的方向定义为X'轴,在三个翼肋所在平面垂直X'轴的方向定义为Y'轴,将每个推力和合力分解到坐标轴,基于力学平衡原理,得到三翼肋合力G与各翼肋推力的关系式为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}G\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}\beta ={F}_{1}\left(\alpha \right)-\frac{{F}_{2}\left(\alpha \right)+{F}_{3}\left(\alpha \right)}{2}\\ G\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\beta =\frac{\sqrt{3}\left[{F}_{2}\right(\alpha )-{F}_{3}(\alpha \left)\right]}{2}\\ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\beta =\frac{\sqrt{3}\left[{F}_{2}\right(\alpha )-{F}_{3}(\alpha \left)\right]}{2{F}_{1}\left(\alpha \right)-\left[{F}_{2}\right(\alpha )+{F}_{3}(\alpha \left)\right]}\end{array}\right.$
在钻具钻进过程中,钻具钻进方向的变化率被定义为钻具造斜率,其标准计量单位为rad/m。该参数是评价钻具导向系统造斜能力的关键性能指标。在忽略钻具自重影响的理想条件下,钻具造斜率R与施加的导向力呈线性正相关关系[10],比例系数K通常为常数,其数学表达式为
R=KG
式(3)中:R为钻具造斜率,rad/m;K为钻具造斜率与导向力的比例系数,rad/(m·kN);G为导向力大小,kN。
为简化计算,设定初始边界条件:①忽略钻具重力影响;②钻具材料各向同性且刚度均匀;③钻速与外套转速恒定;④钻具始终在同一地层钻进;⑤短距离钻进时导向力保持恒定。
以钻具初始位置为坐标原点,建立三维直角坐标系,其中XYZ轴正方向分别指向正东、正北及垂直向下方向。在此坐标系中,钻具井眼轨迹上第i个测点Ai的坐标为(Xi,Yi,Zi),钻具在点Ai处的钻进方向与Z轴正方向的夹角为井斜角θi,钻进方向在XOY平面的投影与X轴正方向的夹角为方位角Φi,两角度均采用顺时针计量。
在外套旋转周期内,钻具从测点An-1钻进至测点An,示意图如图4所示,该过程视为短距离钻进,井眼轨迹长度为L,工具高边角由αn-1变为αn,则该过程中钻具的导向力Gn-1、导向力方向角ωn-1分别为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{G}_{n-1}=\sqrt{\stackrel{3}{\sum _{i=1}}{F}_{i}^{2}\left({\alpha }_{n-1}\right)-\stackrel{2}{\sum _{i=1}}\stackrel{3}{\sum _{j=i+1}}{F}_{i}\left({\alpha }_{n-1}\right){F}_{j}\left({\alpha }_{n-1}\right)}\\ {\omega }_{n-1}={\alpha }_{n-1}+\mathrm{\pi }+\\    \mathrm{a}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\left\{\frac{\sqrt{3}\left[{F}_{2}\right(\alpha )-{F}_{3}(\alpha \left)\right]}{2{F}_{1}\left(\alpha \right)-\left[{F}_{2}\right(\alpha )+{F}_{3}(\alpha \left)\right]}\right\}\end{array}\right.$
基于式(4)得到该过程的造斜率Rn-1,并根据造斜率计算An-1An两点的直线距离Dn-1,相关计算公式为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{R}_{n-1}=K{G}_{n-1}\\ {D}_{n-1}=\frac{2\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}({R}_{n-1}L/2)}{{R}_{n-1}}\end{array}\right.$
图4所示,P平面为过直线An-1An的铅锤平面,Q平面过直线An-1An且与P平面垂直,则造斜率Rn-1PQ两平面的分量[12]分别为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{R}_{P}={R}_{n-1}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}{\omega }_{n-1}\\ {R}_{Q}={R}_{n-1}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}{\omega }_{n-1}\end{array}\right.$
式中:Gn-1为钻具从点An-1钻进至点An过程中的导向力大小,kN;Fi(αn-1)为工具高边角为αn-1时的i号翼肋推力,Fj(αn-1)同理,kN;Rn-1为钻具钻从点An-1钻进至点An过程的造斜率,rad/m;K为钻具造斜率与导向力的比例系数,rad/(m·kN);Dn-1An-1An两点的直线距离,m;L为井眼轨迹长度,m;RPRQ分别为造斜率Rn-1PQ两平面的分量,rad/m。
综上,计算钻具钻进方向在An点处的井斜角θn与方位角φn,最终得到An点处的井眼轨迹坐标(Xn,Yn,Zn)为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{X}_{n}={X}_{n-1}+{D}_{n-1}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}{\theta }_{n}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}{\varphi }_{n}\\ \begin{array}{l}{Y}_{n}={Y}_{n-1}+{D}_{n-1}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}{\theta }_{n}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}{\varphi }_{n}\\ {Z}_{n}={Z}_{n-1}+{D}_{n-1}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}{\theta }_{n}\\ {\varphi }_{n}={\varphi }_{n-1}+\mathrm{a}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\left[\frac{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\left({R}_{Q}{D}_{n-1}\right)}{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}{\theta }_{n}}\right]\\ {\theta }_{n}={\theta }_{n-1}+{R}_{P}{D}_{n-1}\end{array}\end{array}\right.$
式(7)中:(Xn-1,Yn-1,Zn-1)(Xn,Yn,Zn)分别为An-1An两点处的井眼轨迹坐标;Dn-1为An-1An两点的直线距离,m;θnφn分别为钻具在An点处的井斜角与方位角,rad;RPRQ分别为造斜率Rn-1PQ两平面的分量,rad/m。
基于式(7)可确定外套旋转周期内钻具井眼轨迹上任意测点的空间坐标。单翼肋失效工况下,该模型通过联立式(4)求解外套旋转周期中的非稳态导向力分布,最终获得周期内相应导向力作用下的井眼轨迹。
单翼肋失效工况下,钻具导向力呈现周期性非稳态特征,如图5所示,其造斜性能降低,井眼轨迹偏离,此时调节剩余翼肋推力无法维持导向力恒为设定值。为此,提出解决方案如下:以外套旋转周期为时间段调节剩余翼肋推力,采用周期轨迹终点偏差作为造斜性能评价指标,基于“周期性导向力-井眼轨迹”模型建立外套旋转周期内井眼轨迹终点偏差最小化模型。
模型构建思路如下:在单翼肋失效下,通过动态调节剩余翼肋在各工具高边角位置(间隔Δα)的推力,使外套旋转一周后形成的井眼轨迹终点A'end(X'end,Y'end,Z'end)与正常工况终点Aend(Xend,Yend,Zend)的偏差最小,从而有效补偿因单翼肋失效造成的造斜性能损失。
综上,该模型以外套旋转周期内各工具面角对应的正常翼肋推力为优化变量,以调节后与正常工况的井眼轨迹终点偏差最小化为优化目标。令1号翼肋失效,F1≡0,则该模型的优化变量及输出分别为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\begin{array}{l}{\alpha }_{n}={\alpha }_{0}+\mathrm{\Delta }\alpha n,        n=\mathrm{0,1},2,\dots,N\\ S=\left[{F}_{2}\right({\alpha }_{0}),{F}_{2}({\alpha }_{1}),\dots,{F}_{2}({\alpha }_{N}),{F}_{3}({\alpha }_{0}),{F}_{3}({\alpha }_{2}),\dots,{F}_{3}({\alpha }_{N}\left)\right]\end{array}\\ d=\sqrt{(X\text{'}{}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}}-{X}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}}{)}^{2}+(Y\text{'}{}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}}-{Y}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}}{)}^{2}+(Z\text{'}{}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}}-{Z}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}}{)}^{2}}\end{array}\right.$
式(8)中:αn为第n次推力调节时的工具高边角,rad;Δα为相邻两次推力调节之间的高边角间隔,rad;N为外套旋转周期内推力调节次数的上限;S为模型的优化变量,即外套旋转周期内各工具面角对应的正常翼肋推力F2(αn)与F3(αn),kN;d表示模型的输出,即调节后与正常工况的井眼轨迹终点偏差,m;(X'end,Y'end,Z'end)(Xend,Yend,Zend)分别为推力调节后与正常工况时的井眼轨迹终点坐标。
针对该模型优化变量维度高、计算过程强非线性的特点,传统算法难以优化剩余正常翼肋推力分配,求解最小轨迹终点偏差对应的最优推力分配方案。麻雀搜索(sparrow search algorithm, SSA)算法凭借其角色分工机制和非线性优化能力[13-14],适用于此类问题。但在大种群规模下,传统SSA存在收敛性能不佳和寻优速度不足的问题,需进行改进。
SSA是一种群智能优化方法[15]。该算法模拟了麻雀种群的觅食行为特征,将个体划分为发现者、跟随者和警戒者三种角色,位置更新公式可分别表述[16]如下。
(1)发现者位置更新:
${P}_{\mathrm{i},\mathrm{j}}^{\mathrm{t}+1}$=$\left\{\begin{array}{ll}{P}_{\mathrm{i},\mathrm{j}}^{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}\left(\frac{-i}{a{T}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}}\right),& R<U\\ {P}_{\mathrm{i},\mathrm{j}}^{t}+QL,& R\ge U\end{array}\right.$
(2)跟随者位置更新:
${P}_{\mathrm{i},\mathrm{j}}^{\mathrm{t}+1}$=$\left\{\begin{array}{ll}Q\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}\left(\frac{{P}_{worst}^{t}-{P}_{\mathrm{i},\mathrm{j}}^{t}}{{i}^{2}}\right),& i>\frac{n}{2}\\ {P}_{best}^{t}+\left|{P}_{\mathrm{i},\mathrm{j}}^{t}-{P}_{best}^{t}\right|{A}^{\mathrm{T}}(A{A}^{\mathrm{T}}{)}^{-1}L,& i\le \frac{n}{2}\end{array}\right.$
(3)预警行为位置更新:
${P}_{\mathrm{i},\mathrm{j}}^{\mathrm{t}+1}$=$\left\{\begin{array}{ll}{P}_{best}^{t}+b\left|{P}_{\mathrm{i},\mathrm{j}}^{t}-{P}_{best}^{t}\right|,& {f}_{i}<{f}_{\mathrm{b}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}\\ {P}_{\mathrm{i},\mathrm{j}}^{t}+k\left[\frac{{P}_{\mathrm{i},\mathrm{j}}^{t}-{P}_{worst}^{t}}{({f}_{i}-{f}_{\mathrm{w}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}})+\epsilon }\right],& {f}_{i}={f}_{\mathrm{b}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}\end{array}\right.$
式中:t为当前迭代次数;${P}_{\mathrm{i},\mathrm{j}}^{\mathrm{t}}$为第i只麻雀在第j维的位置;a为(0,1]的随机数;Tmax为最大迭代次数;Q为服从正态分布的随机数;L为内部元素均为1的1×d的矩阵;RU分别为种群的预警值与警戒值;${P}_{worst}^{\mathrm{t}}$${P}_{best}^{\mathrm{t}}$分别为当前迭代麻雀种群的最差位置及种群中发现者最优位置;A为1×d的矩阵,其值随机为1或-1;i>n/2表示当前麻雀位置较差,需要前往其他地方进行觅食;b为步长控制参数;k为[-1,1]的均匀随机数;ε为一个很小的常数,防止分母为0;fi为当前麻雀种群的适应度;fbestfworst分别为当前种群的最优与最差适应度。
针对SSA在大种群规模下的不足,引入动态惯性因子[17]对算法改进,公式为
w=wmax-$\frac{({w}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}-{w}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}})t}{{t}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}}$
式(12)中:wmaxwmin分别为惯性因子的最大值与最小值。
通过引入动态惯性因子,以线性函数形式在迭代中调整个体移动步长权重,从而增强算法的全局搜索能力并加快收敛速度,弥补传统SSA在大种群规模下的不足,从而更高效地优化剩余正常翼肋推力分配。
依据实验室中的定向钻具,设定实验参数如下:慢旋转外套每旋转1°时钻具进尺2.7×10-3 m。当导向力为最大值时,钻具造斜率为6.98×10-3 rad/m;正常工况下导向力G设定为最大值的50%,即50%Gmax,导向力方向角固定为100°;钻具初始井斜角90°,方位角0°;采用三区域划分导向力分解算法[18]
将1号翼肋推力置零模拟失效工况,在保持其他参数恒定的条件下,得到如图6所示剩余翼肋推力变化曲线和如图7所示单翼肋失效前后外套旋转一周的井眼轨迹对比,如表1所示为失效前后轨迹终点坐标,实验结果中的推力F均以最大导向力的百分比表示,以下实验同理。
结合式(2)对上述实验结果分析,单翼肋失效导致外套完整旋转周期内的导向力作用效果损失32.35%,相应造斜率降低32.35%。根据表1数据计算出的失效前后轨迹终点偏差结果如下:X轴向偏差可忽略,Y轴向相对偏差为50.62%,Z轴向相对偏差为5.06%。上述结果表明,单翼肋失效将导致钻具造斜率下降,井眼轨迹显著偏离,造斜性能明显下降。
在单翼肋失效工况下,分别采用基于ISSA与SSA构建的造斜性能优化模型(种群规模均为400,最大迭代次数均为500),在外套旋转过程中按30°间隔动态调节当前高边角对应的剩余翼肋推力进行造斜性能优化;同时以模型总计算时长及其轨迹相对于正常工况在各坐标轴方向的平均误差分别作为评估优化模型的寻优速度与收敛性能指标,得到实验结果如下:基于ISSA优化后的剩余推力曲线如图8所示;优化后井眼轨迹曲线与正常工况对比如图9所示,不同优化模型的寻优速度与收敛性能指标对比如表2所示。
结合式(2)对上述实验结果分析,优化模型通过动态调节剩余翼肋推力,使外套旋转周期内的导向力作用效果较失效工况提升近82.61%,相应造斜率同步提高82.61%,此时井眼轨迹终点相较于正常时的偏差近似0,优化模型可完全弥补失效后的造斜性能损失。
与传统SSA相比,ISSA优化的井眼轨迹在Z轴上的平均误差降低了近26%,其计算时长相较于SSA减少约27.8%,表明ISSA算法具有更好的收敛性能和更快的寻优速度。当前实际钻井作业[19-20]中,往往需基于多外套旋转周期的长距离钻进场景下进行造斜性能优化,ISSA可在更短时间内完成优化计算且得到的井眼轨迹收敛性更好,能有效降低钻井成本,提高经济收益,具有良好的工程应用前景。
当导向力增至最大值的80%时,如图10图11表3表4所示仿真实验结果表明:该优化模型通过推力调节虽无法完全消除轨迹终点偏差,但仍可降低偏差幅度,减小单翼肋失效造成的造斜性能损失。与导向力50%工况下相比,两种算法的寻优速度均未发生变化;但ISSA得到的轨迹平均误差相较于SSA在YZ轴方向上均降低约8%,其收敛性能优势有所下降。
设置不同导向力参数重复上述实验,最终得出结论:在导向力≤50%最大值时,该造斜性能优化模型通过调节剩余翼肋推力,显著增强外套旋转周期内的导向力作用效果,可完全补偿单翼肋失效导致的造斜性能损失,消除轨迹偏差;当导向力超过该阈值时,仍能有效降低偏差幅度,显著降低性能损失且随着导向力增大,降低幅度逐渐减弱;此外,与传统SSA相比,ISSA在大种群规模下的寻优速度和收敛性能方面均表现更优,具有良好的工程应用前景,但其收敛性能优势随导向力增大而逐渐减弱。
(1)构建了“周期性导向力-井眼轨迹”模型,提出非恒定导向力下的钻具轨迹计算方法,并以外套旋转周期内井眼轨迹终点偏差作为造斜性能的评价指标。相关成果为钻具异常工况研究提供了理论支撑和方法保障,弥补了该领域的技术空白。
(2)基于ISSA构建单翼肋失效造斜性能优化模型,显著提升外套旋转周期内导向力的作用效果,降低钻具造斜性能损失。通过引入动态惯性因子来提升SSA在大规模种群下的收敛性能和寻优速度,增强算法的优化性能。
(3)实验结果表明:导向力≤50%最大值时,优化模型可在不起钻条件下基本消除轨迹偏差,完全恢复造斜性能,避免因起钻修复导致的钻井作业中断及成本增加,从而提升钻井经济效益,具有良好的工程应用价值;超过该阈值时,虽无法完全弥补,但仍能显著降低性能损失,且随着导向力增大,降低幅度逐渐减弱,在最大导向力工况下仍能降低近10%造斜性能损失。后续研究将重点扩展完全补偿的导向力范围以提升优化模型适用性。
  • 中国海洋石油集团有限公司省部级重大科技项目(KJGG-2022-1402)
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2026年第26卷第11期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2503947
  • 接收时间:2025-05-27
  • 首发时间:2026-07-31
  • 出版时间:2026-04-18
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-27
  • 修回日期:2025-09-06
基金
中国海洋石油集团有限公司省部级重大科技项目(KJGG-2022-1402)
作者信息
    1 中国石油大学(华东)海洋与空间信息学院, 青岛 266580
    2 海洋石油工程技术联合研究院(中海油服股份有限公司-中国石油大学(华东)), 北京 101149
    3 中海油田服务股份有限公司, 北京 101149
    4 中国石油大学(华东)控制科学与工程学院, 青岛 266580

通讯作者:

* 李立刚(1976—),男,汉族,山东东营人,博士,副教授。研究方向:检测技术与自动化装置。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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