Article(id=1279495842704888697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1279495830260396249, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2504361, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1749571200000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-11, revisedDate=1763481600000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782985180783, onlineDateStr=2026-07-02, pubDate=1776441600000, pubDateStr=2026-04-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782985180783, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782985180783, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782985180783, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1279495830260396249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2026', volume='26', issue='11', pageStart='4471', pageEnd='4911', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776441600000', pubDateStr='2026-04-18', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782985177815, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782985177815, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4758, endPage=4768, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1279495843145290619, articleId=1279495842704888697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Design Optimization on Smart Desk Design Based on Online Review Mining and SEM-ANN Fusion Models, columnId=1279495843073987450, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Civil, Handicraft and Living Services Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to identify the core demand elements of smart desk users, the mapping relationship between product design elements and user demand perception was explored,which provides a scientific basis for the design optimization of smart desks. A total of 30 015 online reviews of smart desks were collected from Taobao and Jingdong platforms. After data cleaning and word segmentation, the latent dirichlet allocation (LDA) model was applied to cluster user needs into four major categories and thirty-two subcategories. These demand categories were treated as exogenous latent variables and the subcategories as observed variables. Questionnaire data were collected using a five-point Likert scale, and a hybrid model combining structural equation modeling and artificial neural networks (SEM-ANN) was established. The SEM analysis indicated that the positive effect of “experience of use” on “satisfaction” was the most significant. The R2 values of the SEM-ANN model increased by about 0.15~0.18 compared with the SEM model, while the RMSE(root mean square error)decreased significantly, showing enhanced nonlinear fitting ability. The comprehensive weight analysis identified odor and environmental friendliness, surface touch, lift safety, and self-assembly installation as the key design optimization points. By integrating online review mining with SEM-ANN hybrid modeling, the mapping between micro design elements and macro user perception of smart lifting desks was revealed. The proposed method provides a prioritized improvement list for design optimization and can be extended to user requirement analysis of other smart hardware and complex consumer products.

, authors=Si-jie FU, Xian-qing XIONG*, Xin-yi YUE, authorsList=Si-jie FU, Xian-qing XIONG, Xin-yi YUE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xian-qing XIONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1279495845959668614, articleId=1279495842704888697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于在线评论挖掘与SEM-ANN融合模型的智能办公桌设计优化, columnId=1154409862432809580, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=轻工业、手工业、生活服务业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为精准识别智能办公桌用户的核心需求要素,探究智能办公桌产品设计要素与用户需求感知的映射关系,为智能办公桌的设计优化提供科学依据。首先通过爬取淘宝和京东平台智能办公桌评论数据30 015条,经数据清洗、分词等处理后,运用LDA(latent dirichlet allocation)模型聚类确定四个需求大类,并细分出32项子类;以需求大类为外源潜在变量、小类为观测变量,结合五级李克特量表问卷获取数据,构建结构方程与人工神经网络(structural equation modeling and artificial neural networks,SEM-ANN)混合模型。SEM路径分析表明“使用体验”对“满意度”的正向影响最为显著。SEM-ANN模型在各测量项上的R2较SEM平均提升0.15~0.18,均方根差明显下降,表明非线性拟合能力显著增强。综合权重排序显示,“气味/环保性”“表面触感”“升降安全”“自组装安装”等为最关键的设计优化点。通过融合在线评论挖掘与SEM-ANN混合建模,有效揭示了智能升降办公桌微观设计要素与宏观用户感知之间的映射关系,为产品设计提供了具有优先级的改进清单。该方法论可推广至其他智能硬件或复杂消费品的用户需求分析与设计优化实践。

, authors=符思捷, 熊先青*, 岳心怡, authorsList=符思捷, 熊先青, 岳心怡, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=熊先青, authorNote=

符思捷(2001—),女,汉族,广东惠州人,硕士。研究方向:家具智能制造。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
* 熊先青(1975—),男,汉族,湖北郧西人,博士,教授。研究方向:家居绿色智能制造。E-mail:
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A user perception modeling approach combining structural equation modeling and artificial neural network[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2019, 53(7): 830-837., articleTitle=A user perception modeling approach combining structural equation modeling and artificial neural network, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1279496083827044955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, awardId=2023YFD22015, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2023YFD22015), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1279496074888983074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1279496074897371683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, companyId=1279496074888983074, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1279496074909954596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, companyId=1279496074888983074, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=南京林业大学家居与工业设计学院, 南京 210037)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1279496078840017468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Optimization process of smart desk design incorporating online reviews and SEM-ANN, figureFileSmall=LqQy+c8KfC3a9zYCkN/fzQ==, figureFileBig=cYXe2yIQhNOYPdzX7qwmxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279496078961652285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=CN, label=图1, caption=融合在线评论与SEM-ANN的智能办公桌设计优化过程, figureFileSmall=LqQy+c8KfC3a9zYCkN/fzQ==, figureFileBig=cYXe2yIQhNOYPdzX7qwmxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279496079116841534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Data acquisition and pre-processing process, figureFileSmall=YrJCSyEWHPtXkOh4Cilihg==, figureFileBig=kkPoZp0iXK6EcuA0eFdZ8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279496079204921919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=CN, label=图2, caption=数据采集与预处理过程, figureFileSmall=YrJCSyEWHPtXkOh4Cilihg==, figureFileBig=kkPoZp0iXK6EcuA0eFdZ8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279496079326556736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Relationship between the number of clustered themes and Coherence score, figureFileSmall=twm/l0e41PMtRaZIOSFZ4g==, figureFileBig=UUY5uRyh2tSc2CmM7FmcYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279496079527883330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=CN, label=图3, caption=聚类主题数与Coherence分数关系, figureFileSmall=twm/l0e41PMtRaZIOSFZ4g==, figureFileBig=UUY5uRyh2tSc2CmM7FmcYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279496079670489667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=SEM-ANN hybrid model of user perception for smart lifting desks, figureFileSmall=8C05rfjLZlzQzKP6kT7Exw==, figureFileBig=nnK28x4sES9B7LIAbOQ7tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279496079917953604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=CN, label=图4, caption=智能升降办公桌用户感知SEM-ANN混合模型, figureFileSmall=8C05rfjLZlzQzKP6kT7Exw==, figureFileBig=nnK28x4sES9B7LIAbOQ7tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279496081604063817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=SEM-based user perception model and fitting results, figureFileSmall=Ii3UW/iuCUeCwf+0fLUCRA==, figureFileBig=G9oV+P8c5G7h8DMxvzGNsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279496081662784074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=CN, label=图5, caption=基于SEM的用户感知模型与拟合结果, figureFileSmall=Ii3UW/iuCUeCwf+0fLUCRA==, figureFileBig=G9oV+P8c5G7h8DMxvzGNsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279496081729892939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Keywords for each demand dimension under the clustering theme

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主题 需求维度 关键词(占比)
1 外观设计
(ξ1)
外观(4.8%),大气(3.2%),颜色(2.9%),精细(2.6%),风格(1.5%),光滑(1.1%)
2 使用功能
(ξ2)
安装(11.8%),升降(15.7%),电机
(8.4%),声音(4.7%),方便(6.9%)
3 材料结构
(ξ3)
高度(6.3%),结实(5.8%),材质(4.5%),厚实(2.4%),没有异味(8.7%),桌面
(6.6%)
4 配套服务
(ξ4)
物流(9.2%),包装(7.8%),很快(8.2%),发货(7.5%),速度(6.7%),态度(3.4%)
), ArticleFig(id=1279496081801196108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

聚类主题下各需求维度关键词

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主题 需求维度 关键词(占比)
1 外观设计
(ξ1)
外观(4.8%),大气(3.2%),颜色(2.9%),精细(2.6%),风格(1.5%),光滑(1.1%)
2 使用功能
(ξ2)
安装(11.8%),升降(15.7%),电机
(8.4%),声音(4.7%),方便(6.9%)
3 材料结构
(ξ3)
高度(6.3%),结实(5.8%),材质(4.5%),厚实(2.4%),没有异味(8.7%),桌面
(6.6%)
4 配套服务
(ξ4)
物流(9.2%),包装(7.8%),很快(8.2%),发货(7.5%),速度(6.7%),态度(3.4%)
), ArticleFig(id=1279496082073825869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Subdivided design subcategories under each requirement dimension

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
需求维度 一级设计小类 二级设计小类
外观设计
(ξ1)
基本外观(a1) 表面触感
设计细节(a2) 走线方式,边缘处理,轻量化
色彩纹理(a3) 木质,碳纤维,黑色,白色,金属
尺寸规格(a4) 面板尺寸,底座,高度
使用功能
(ξ2)
升降功能(b1) 电动调节,手动调节,升降安全
附加功能(b2) 充电(集线),抽屉(置物),倾斜桌面,
折叠收纳,防滑条,灯光带,
滑轮,水杯架(挂钩)
材料结构
(ξ3)
材料性能
(c1)
实木,气味(环保性),桌面强度,
桌腿强度,人造板(其他)
配套服务
(ξ4)
产品安装
(d1)
自组装(说明/零件/赠送工具),
安装服务
快递服务(d2) 发货(运费),包装,配送
), ArticleFig(id=1279496082157711950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各需求维度下的细分设计小类

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
需求维度 一级设计小类 二级设计小类
外观设计
(ξ1)
基本外观(a1) 表面触感
设计细节(a2) 走线方式,边缘处理,轻量化
色彩纹理(a3) 木质,碳纤维,黑色,白色,金属
尺寸规格(a4) 面板尺寸,底座,高度
使用功能
(ξ2)
升降功能(b1) 电动调节,手动调节,升降安全
附加功能(b2) 充电(集线),抽屉(置物),倾斜桌面,
折叠收纳,防滑条,灯光带,
滑轮,水杯架(挂钩)
材料结构
(ξ3)
材料性能
(c1)
实木,气味(环保性),桌面强度,
桌腿强度,人造板(其他)
配套服务
(ξ4)
产品安装
(d1)
自组装(说明/零件/赠送工具),
安装服务
快递服务(d2) 发货(运费),包装,配送
), ArticleFig(id=1279496082438730319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Intelligent lifting desk user perception research hypothesis setting

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
假设设定 假设内容
H1 外观设计(ξ1)对使用体验(η1)有显著正向影响
H2 使用与功能(ξ2)对用户体验(η1)有显著正向影响
H3 材料与结构性能(ξ3)对用户体验(η1)有显著正向影响
H4 用户体验(η1)对用户满意度(η2)有显著正向影响
H5 产品配套与服务(ξ4)对用户满意度(η2)有显著正向影响
), ArticleFig(id=1279496082518422096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

智能升降办公桌用户感知研究假设设定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
假设设定 假设内容
H1 外观设计(ξ1)对使用体验(η1)有显著正向影响
H2 使用与功能(ξ2)对用户体验(η1)有显著正向影响
H3 材料与结构性能(ξ3)对用户体验(η1)有显著正向影响
H4 用户体验(η1)对用户满意度(η2)有显著正向影响
H5 产品配套与服务(ξ4)对用户满意度(η2)有显著正向影响
), ArticleFig(id=1279496082598113873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Questionnaire item design

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
题项 题目内容 结构
Q1、Q2 您的性别是?您的年龄段是? 背景
Q3 您认为产品整体设计的感觉上的重要程度? Y-η2
Q4 您认为产品的外观的表面触感的重要程度? X-a1
Q5~Q7 您认为产品走线方式/圆角(封边)处理/轻量化设计的重要程度? X-a2
Q8 您认为产品操作界面的舒适度的重要程度? Y-η1
Q9~Q13 您认为产品使用白色/黑色/碳纤维/木质/金属纹理的重要程度? X-a3
Q14 您认为产品整体的色彩纹理设计的重要程度? Y-η2
Q15~Q17 您认为产品面板尺寸/底座尺寸/高度设计的重要程度? X-a4
Q18、Q19 您认为产品电动升降/手动升降的重要程度? X-b1
Q20 您认为产品升降操作时电机(动力/噪声)使用反馈的重要程度? Y-η1
Q21 您认为产品升降高度记忆功能的满足感的重要程度?
Q22~Q29 您认为产品水杯架(挂钩)/折叠收纳/充电(集线)/抽屉(置物)/滑轮/倾斜桌面/防滑条/灯光带功能的重要程度? X-b2
Q30 您认为产品升降安全性能的重要程度? X-b1
Q31 您认为产品整体操作便捷性的重要程度? Y-η1
Q32 您认为产品整体结构稳定性满意度的重要程度? Y-η2
Q33~Q37 您认为产品实木材质/人造板(其他)材质/桌面材料强度/桌腿材料强度/材料气味(环保性)的重要程度? X-c1
Q38、Q39 您认为产品配套自组装(说明/零件/赠送工具)/安装服务的重要程度? X-d1
Q40~Q42 您认为产品配送/发货(运费)/包装服务的重要程度? X-d2
Q43 您认为产品客服服务态度评价的重要程度? Y-η2
), ArticleFig(id=1279496082883326546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

问卷量表题项设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
题项 题目内容 结构
Q1、Q2 您的性别是?您的年龄段是? 背景
Q3 您认为产品整体设计的感觉上的重要程度? Y-η2
Q4 您认为产品的外观的表面触感的重要程度? X-a1
Q5~Q7 您认为产品走线方式/圆角(封边)处理/轻量化设计的重要程度? X-a2
Q8 您认为产品操作界面的舒适度的重要程度? Y-η1
Q9~Q13 您认为产品使用白色/黑色/碳纤维/木质/金属纹理的重要程度? X-a3
Q14 您认为产品整体的色彩纹理设计的重要程度? Y-η2
Q15~Q17 您认为产品面板尺寸/底座尺寸/高度设计的重要程度? X-a4
Q18、Q19 您认为产品电动升降/手动升降的重要程度? X-b1
Q20 您认为产品升降操作时电机(动力/噪声)使用反馈的重要程度? Y-η1
Q21 您认为产品升降高度记忆功能的满足感的重要程度?
Q22~Q29 您认为产品水杯架(挂钩)/折叠收纳/充电(集线)/抽屉(置物)/滑轮/倾斜桌面/防滑条/灯光带功能的重要程度? X-b2
Q30 您认为产品升降安全性能的重要程度? X-b1
Q31 您认为产品整体操作便捷性的重要程度? Y-η1
Q32 您认为产品整体结构稳定性满意度的重要程度? Y-η2
Q33~Q37 您认为产品实木材质/人造板(其他)材质/桌面材料强度/桌腿材料强度/材料气味(环保性)的重要程度? X-c1
Q38、Q39 您认为产品配套自组装(说明/零件/赠送工具)/安装服务的重要程度? X-d1
Q40~Q42 您认为产品配送/发货(运费)/包装服务的重要程度? X-d2
Q43 您认为产品客服服务态度评价的重要程度? Y-η2
), ArticleFig(id=1279496082950435411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Fitting metrics for SEM-based user perception models

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型拟合指标 英文全称 中文名称 评价标准 拟合值
λ2 chi-square statistic 卡方统计量 >0.05 1 038.678
λ2/df chi-square/degrees of freedom 卡方自由度比 <2,越接近1越好 1.425
RMSEA root mean square error of approximation 近似误差均方根 <0.05 0.043
GFI goodness-of-fit index 拟合优度指数 >0.90 0.824
AGFI adjusted goodness-of-fit index 调整拟合优度指数 >0.80 0.802
CFI comparative fit index 比较拟合指数 >0.90 0.922
TLI Tucker-Lewis Index 塔克-刘易斯指数 >0.90 0.902
PNFI parsimonious normed fit index 简约规范拟合指数 >0.50 0.734
PGFI parsimonious goodness-of-fit index 简约拟合优度指数 >0.50 0.733
), ArticleFig(id=1279496083021738580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

基于SEM的用户感知模型的拟合指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型拟合指标 英文全称 中文名称 评价标准 拟合值
λ2 chi-square statistic 卡方统计量 >0.05 1 038.678
λ2/df chi-square/degrees of freedom 卡方自由度比 <2,越接近1越好 1.425
RMSEA root mean square error of approximation 近似误差均方根 <0.05 0.043
GFI goodness-of-fit index 拟合优度指数 >0.90 0.824
AGFI adjusted goodness-of-fit index 调整拟合优度指数 >0.80 0.802
CFI comparative fit index 比较拟合指数 >0.90 0.922
TLI Tucker-Lewis Index 塔克-刘易斯指数 >0.90 0.902
PNFI parsimonious normed fit index 简约规范拟合指数 >0.50 0.734
PGFI parsimonious goodness-of-fit index 简约拟合优度指数 >0.50 0.733
), ArticleFig(id=1279496083273396821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Standardized path coefficients for user perception models

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响路径 路径系数估计值 标准误差 临界比值(z值) P
显著性概率
显著性判断
使用体验←外观设计 0.672 0.568 1.209 0.227 不显著
使用体验←使用功能 0.404 0.222 1.818 0.069 边缘显著
使用体验←材料结构 0.215 0.423 0.384 0.701 不显著
满意度← 配套服务 0.239 0.299 0.908 0.364 不显著
满意度← 使用体验 0.727 0.445 2.424 0.015 显著
), ArticleFig(id=1279496083344699990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

用户感知模型标准化路径系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响路径 路径系数估计值 标准误差 临界比值(z值) P
显著性概率
显著性判断
使用体验←外观设计 0.672 0.568 1.209 0.227 不显著
使用体验←使用功能 0.404 0.222 1.818 0.069 边缘显著
使用体验←材料结构 0.215 0.423 0.384 0.701 不显著
满意度← 配套服务 0.239 0.299 0.908 0.364 不显著
满意度← 使用体验 0.727 0.445 2.424 0.015 显著
), ArticleFig(id=1279496083420197463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Standardized path coefficients for user perception models

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测量指标 使用体验 满意度
Q8 Q20 Q21 Q31 Q14 Q43 Q3 Q32
RMSE 0.305 0.427 0.185 0.585 0.214 0.207 0.349 0.410
R2 0.155 0.194 0.154 0.283 0.100 0.200 0.246 0.377
), ArticleFig(id=1279496083487306328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

基于SEM-ANN的用户感知模型标准化路径系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测量指标 使用体验 满意度
Q8 Q20 Q21 Q31 Q14 Q43 Q3 Q32
RMSE 0.305 0.427 0.185 0.585 0.214 0.207 0.349 0.410
R2 0.155 0.194 0.154 0.283 0.100 0.200 0.246 0.377
), ArticleFig(id=1279496083571192409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Relative importance of each design subcategory in user perception

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
需求维度 设计小类 路径 系数估计值
外观设计(ξ1) 基本外观——表面触感 Q4←外观设计 0.589
尺寸规格——面板尺寸 Q15←外观设计 0.344
色彩纹理——木质 Q6←外观设计 0.190
细节设计——边缘处理 Q5←外观设计 0.154
尺寸规格——底座 Q12←外观设计 0.109
细节设计——走线方式 Q7←外观设计 0.010
细节设计——轻量化 Q16←外观设计 -0.032
色彩纹理——白色 Q11←外观设计 -0.163
色彩纹理——碳纤维 Q10←外观设计 -0.170
色彩纹理——金属 Q9←外观设计 -0.218
色彩纹理——黑色 Q13←外观设计 -0.223
使用功能(ξ2) 升降功能——升降安全 Q24←使用功能 0.286
附加功能——抽屉(置物) Q25←使用功能 0.249
附加功能——充电(集线) Q30←使用功能 0.194
附加功能——折叠收纳 Q27←使用功能 0.193
附加功能——滑轮 Q23←使用功能 0.179
附加功能——防滑条 Q28←使用功能 0.166
附加功能——倾斜桌面 Q29←使用功能 0.109
附加功能——灯光带 Q26←使用功能 0.104
升降功能——手动调节 Q18←使用功能 0.066
升降功能——电动调节 Q22←使用功能 0.036
附加功能——水杯架(挂钩) Q19←使用功能 -0.058
材料结构(ξ3) 材料性能——气味(环保性) Q34←材料结构 0.976
材料性能——桌面强度 Q37←材料结构 0.427
材料性能——桌面材质(实木) Q35←材料结构 0.402
材料性能——桌腿强度 Q36←材料结构 0.224
材料性能——人造板(其他) Q33←材料结构 0.106
配套服务(ξ4) 产品安装——自组装(说明/零件/赠送工具) Q38←配套服务 0.929
产品安装——安装服务 Q41←配套服务 0.550
快递服务——配送(准时/上门) Q42←配套服务 0.382
快递服务——包装 Q39←配套服务 0.308
快递服务——发货(运费) Q40←配套服务 0.212
), ArticleFig(id=1279496083659272794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495842704888697, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

各设计小类在用户感知中的相对重要度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
需求维度 设计小类 路径 系数估计值
外观设计(ξ1) 基本外观——表面触感 Q4←外观设计 0.589
尺寸规格——面板尺寸 Q15←外观设计 0.344
色彩纹理——木质 Q6←外观设计 0.190
细节设计——边缘处理 Q5←外观设计 0.154
尺寸规格——底座 Q12←外观设计 0.109
细节设计——走线方式 Q7←外观设计 0.010
细节设计——轻量化 Q16←外观设计 -0.032
色彩纹理——白色 Q11←外观设计 -0.163
色彩纹理——碳纤维 Q10←外观设计 -0.170
色彩纹理——金属 Q9←外观设计 -0.218
色彩纹理——黑色 Q13←外观设计 -0.223
使用功能(ξ2) 升降功能——升降安全 Q24←使用功能 0.286
附加功能——抽屉(置物) Q25←使用功能 0.249
附加功能——充电(集线) Q30←使用功能 0.194
附加功能——折叠收纳 Q27←使用功能 0.193
附加功能——滑轮 Q23←使用功能 0.179
附加功能——防滑条 Q28←使用功能 0.166
附加功能——倾斜桌面 Q29←使用功能 0.109
附加功能——灯光带 Q26←使用功能 0.104
升降功能——手动调节 Q18←使用功能 0.066
升降功能——电动调节 Q22←使用功能 0.036
附加功能——水杯架(挂钩) Q19←使用功能 -0.058
材料结构(ξ3) 材料性能——气味(环保性) Q34←材料结构 0.976
材料性能——桌面强度 Q37←材料结构 0.427
材料性能——桌面材质(实木) Q35←材料结构 0.402
材料性能——桌腿强度 Q36←材料结构 0.224
材料性能——人造板(其他) Q33←材料结构 0.106
配套服务(ξ4) 产品安装——自组装(说明/零件/赠送工具) Q38←配套服务 0.929
产品安装——安装服务 Q41←配套服务 0.550
快递服务——配送(准时/上门) Q42←配套服务 0.382
快递服务——包装 Q39←配套服务 0.308
快递服务——发货(运费) Q40←配套服务 0.212
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符思捷 , 熊先青 * , 岳心怡
科学技术与工程 | 轻工业、手工业、生活服务业 2026,26(11): 4758-4768
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基于在线评论挖掘与SEM-ANN融合模型的智能办公桌设计优化
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符思捷 , 熊先青* , 岳心怡
作者信息
  • 南京林业大学家居与工业设计学院, 南京 210037
通讯作者:
* 熊先青(1975—),男,汉族,湖北郧西人,博士,教授。研究方向:家居绿色智能制造。E-mail:
作者简介:

符思捷(2001—),女,汉族,广东惠州人,硕士。研究方向:家具智能制造。E-mail:

Design Optimization on Smart Desk Design Based on Online Review Mining and SEM-ANN Fusion Models
Si-jie FU , Xian-qing XIONG* , Xin-yi YUE
Affiliations
  • College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
出版时间: 2026-04-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2504361
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为精准识别智能办公桌用户的核心需求要素,探究智能办公桌产品设计要素与用户需求感知的映射关系,为智能办公桌的设计优化提供科学依据。首先通过爬取淘宝和京东平台智能办公桌评论数据30 015条,经数据清洗、分词等处理后,运用LDA(latent dirichlet allocation)模型聚类确定四个需求大类,并细分出32项子类;以需求大类为外源潜在变量、小类为观测变量,结合五级李克特量表问卷获取数据,构建结构方程与人工神经网络(structural equation modeling and artificial neural networks,SEM-ANN)混合模型。SEM路径分析表明“使用体验”对“满意度”的正向影响最为显著。SEM-ANN模型在各测量项上的R2较SEM平均提升0.15~0.18,均方根差明显下降,表明非线性拟合能力显著增强。综合权重排序显示,“气味/环保性”“表面触感”“升降安全”“自组装安装”等为最关键的设计优化点。通过融合在线评论挖掘与SEM-ANN混合建模,有效揭示了智能升降办公桌微观设计要素与宏观用户感知之间的映射关系,为产品设计提供了具有优先级的改进清单。该方法论可推广至其他智能硬件或复杂消费品的用户需求分析与设计优化实践。

产品设计  /  结构方程模型  /  人工神经网络  /  数据挖掘

In order to identify the core demand elements of smart desk users, the mapping relationship between product design elements and user demand perception was explored,which provides a scientific basis for the design optimization of smart desks. A total of 30 015 online reviews of smart desks were collected from Taobao and Jingdong platforms. After data cleaning and word segmentation, the latent dirichlet allocation (LDA) model was applied to cluster user needs into four major categories and thirty-two subcategories. These demand categories were treated as exogenous latent variables and the subcategories as observed variables. Questionnaire data were collected using a five-point Likert scale, and a hybrid model combining structural equation modeling and artificial neural networks (SEM-ANN) was established. The SEM analysis indicated that the positive effect of “experience of use” on “satisfaction” was the most significant. The R2 values of the SEM-ANN model increased by about 0.15~0.18 compared with the SEM model, while the RMSE(root mean square error)decreased significantly, showing enhanced nonlinear fitting ability. The comprehensive weight analysis identified odor and environmental friendliness, surface touch, lift safety, and self-assembly installation as the key design optimization points. By integrating online review mining with SEM-ANN hybrid modeling, the mapping between micro design elements and macro user perception of smart lifting desks was revealed. The proposed method provides a prioritized improvement list for design optimization and can be extended to user requirement analysis of other smart hardware and complex consumer products.

product design  /  structural equation modeling  /  artificial neural network  /  data mining
符思捷, 熊先青, 岳心怡. 基于在线评论挖掘与SEM-ANN融合模型的智能办公桌设计优化. 科学技术与工程, 2026 , 26 (11) : 4758 -4768 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2504361
Si-jie FU, Xian-qing XIONG, Xin-yi YUE. Design Optimization on Smart Desk Design Based on Online Review Mining and SEM-ANN Fusion Models[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2026 , 26 (11) : 4758 -4768 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2504361
随着信息技术与办公模式的深度融合,智能化办公环境建设正加速推进。智能升降办公桌作为提升工作效率与健康体验的重要载体,其市场需求呈现显著增长态势[1-2]。用户对产品的期待不再局限于基础功能的实现,更延伸至个性化设计、人机交互体验、环境适配性等多维度的精细化需求[3]。在此背景下,精准识别并有效满足用户的核心诉求,已成为决定产品市场竞争力的关键因素。
近年来,随着大数据与自然语言处理技术的发展,越来越多学者开始通过在线评论挖掘用户需求。传统问卷与访谈法在覆盖广度、数据时效性与样本代表性上存在不足,而在线评论数据能够更真实、全面地反映用户的产品体验与需求偏好[4-5]。倪昭鑫等[6]通过对电商平台生鲜物流评论数据进行LDA(latent dirichlet allocation)主题建模,提取了消费者的关注重点,并识别出影响服务质量的关键因素。与此同时,基于深度语义建模的自然语言理解方法正不断突破传统分析的局限,通过引入多头注意力机制、卷积神经网络和长短期记忆网络等结构,实现了对评论语义、情感与隐含需求的精准识别。这类方法在产品体验挖掘、推荐系统与舆情分析等场景中已展现出较高的准确性与泛化能力,为用户需求识别提供了新范式[7]。然而,在智能办公桌等复杂功能产品领域,针对在线评论的系统性需求识别研究尚少,尤其是在如何将非结构化文本数据转化为设计要素优化依据方面,仍存在明显不足[8-9]
此外,产品设计所涉及的各类具体要素在用户体验的形成过程中,往往呈现出复杂的非线性作用关系[10]。如何构建能够量化设计要素与用户感知之间映射关系的模型,是当前设计研究的重要方向[11]。现有文献多采用层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process, AHP)、KANO模型或质量功能展开(quality function deployment, QFD)等方法[12-13],这些方法虽在层级结构建模方面具有良好的解释性,但难以处理变量间的非线性交互及权重动态调整问题。近年来,深度学习技术的引入为这一问题提供了新的解决思路。例如,甄珍等[14]基于多粒度卷积神经网络(convolutional neural networks, CNN)改进了文本实体关系抽取方法,有效增强了模型对复杂语义特征的捕捉能力;申彦等[15]则结合BERT(bidirectional encoder representations from Transformers)与多头注意力机制(multi-head self-attention mechanism, MHA),实现了文本语义特征的深层表征与非线性交互建模。由此可见,融合深度学习与结构建模的方法在语义关系提取与特征映射中展现出优越性能,但在产品设计领域的应用仍较为有限。如何借助这些模型刻画设计要素与用户满意度之间的非线性影响机制,是实现智能办公家具精准优化的重要课题。
综上所述,现有研究虽在在线评论挖掘与深度学习建模方面取得显著进展,但针对智能办公桌设计领域的系统性研究仍较匮乏。为此,现构建一种融合在线评论挖掘与结构方程与神经网络混合建模(structural equation modeling and artificial neural network,SEM-ANN)的综合方法,系统揭示智能升降办公桌设计要素对用户体验与满意度的作用机制。通过该框架,既可从大规模评论数据中提炼用户需求特征,又可实现非线性关系的建模与权重识别,为智能办公桌产品设计优化提供科学依据。
产品设计的本质在于满足用户需求,因此准确、全面地捕捉用户真实需求始终是设计优化的核心环节[16-17]。然而,用户在受控环境中表达的偏好往往存在主观性偏差,难以完全反映其真实使用场景下的体验与反馈。
随着社交媒体与电子商务平台的蓬勃发展,海量用户在线评论为产品设计研究提供了全新的数据来源。相较于传统调研方式,在线评论具有数据规模大、更新频率高、内容真实客观等显著优势,能够更全面地呈现用户的多样化需求与真实感知[18]。近年来,研究者们纷纷运用文本挖掘、情感分析、主题建模等技术,从用户评论中提取需求要素、情感倾向及关注焦点,为产品设计决策提供有力支撑。例如,林丽等[19]通过挖掘网络评论数据,提炼出产品的感性需求与意象信息,为产品特征量化及创新设计提供了参考依据;孔德洋等[20]则提出了基于情感分析的感性评价方法,并借助数量化理论I构建起感性评价与设计要素之间的映射关系模型,以此指导汽车设计方案的优化工作。
其中,主题模型作为无监督文本建模的典型方法,在用户需求分析中得到了广泛应用。典型的潜在狄利克雷分配模型能够从大规模文本中自动识别潜在主题结构,有效揭示用户关注的核心话题及其关键词分布。通过LDA模型挖掘出的主题可作为用户需求的初步维度,为后续的结构建模与变量构建提供理论支撑[21]。此外,将LDA与词频分析、词云可视化等方法结合使用,还有助于增强结果的解释性与实用性。
综上,基于在线评论的用户需求挖掘方法在拓展用户调研广度、提升时效性及增强客观性方面展现出显著优势,已逐渐成为智能产品设计领域的重要研究方向。
在识别用户需求维度及设计要素后,进一步建构其与用户感知(如体验、满意度)之间的作用路径,是实现产品优化决策的关键。为此,建立科学合理的建模方法至关重要。当前主流方法包括结构方程模型(structural equation modeling, SEM)、人工神经网络(artificial neural network, ANN)及其融合模型,分别侧重于结构解释与预测拟合能力。
结构方程模型是一种综合因果推理与统计建模的多变量分析方法,适用于探索潜在变量之间的路径关系与作用机制。其最大优势在于可同时处理多个因果路径、多个观测变量与潜变量,并能量化路径强度与显著性。SEM允许研究者基于理论假设构建概念模型,通过问卷数据验证结构路径,广泛应用于行为科学、管理科学、教育及用户体验研究中[22]
在产品设计领域,SEM常用于分析设计特征对用户满意度、使用意图等感知变量的影响,有助于揭示各设计要素的作用机制与重要性排序[23]。如张玲玲等,将适老化橱柜的外观、功能、结构等6个设计维度设为外源潜变量,以用户消费意愿和创新性为内生潜变量,通过路径分析识别显著影响路径[24]。SEM的可解释性强,模型结构清晰,拟合优度评估标准丰富,如比较拟合指数(comparative fit index, CFI)、塔克-刘易斯指数(Tucker-Lewis index, TLI)、近似误差均方根(root mean square error of approximation, RMSEA)等,使其在理论验证中具有广泛应用价值[25]
然而,SEM方法本质上依赖于线性关系建模,对潜变量之间的非线性作用难以充分刻画。在现实产品体验中,用户满意度可能受到多个要素的交互或非线性影响,单一的线性模型可能低估关键路径或导致拟合不足。
人工神经网络(ANN)具有强大的学习能力与拟合精度,尤其适用于变量关系复杂、数据维度较高的场景。在产品设计研究中,ANN被广泛应用于用户满意度预测、功能配置推荐、设计参数优化等任务[26]。然而,ANN模型同样也存在明显的局限性。其“黑箱”结构缺乏可解释性,难以清晰表征各输入变量对输出变量的影响路径,此外模型训练过程对数据量、参数调整与过拟合控制提出较高要求[27]
因此,为兼顾结构解释能力与非线性预测性能,近年来研究者提出将SEM与ANN结合构建集成建模框架。具体而言,先通过SEM明确潜变量间的因果路径与影响方向,构建理论结构;再将SEM中观测变量作为ANN模型的输入,潜变量测量项或其均值作为输出,通过ANN捕捉潜变量间的非线性作用,从而提升模型的预测能力与解释力[28]
尽管当前有关SEM-ANN融合方法的研究在管理、信息系统与市场营销等领域较为活跃,但在产品设计与用户体验建模领域仍处于起步阶段,相关应用研究数量有限,亟需更多从实证出发、结合用户数据与设计要素的实践案例。
围绕“如何挖掘智能升降办公桌的用户需求并量化其对用户感知的影响”这一核心问题,采用“数据驱动+模型建构”的四阶段研究路径,具体如图1所示。首先,对智能升降办公桌设计要素进行提取,基于用户在线评论数据,通过LDA主题模型与人工归纳方法识别用户关注的设计维度及细分要素;其次,基于用户问卷数据构建结构方程模型,刻画设计维度对用户体验与满意度的影响路径;进一步,在SEM结构基础上嵌入ANN,以增强非线性拟合能力与解释力;最后通过模型性能比较与路径权重分析,提出具有优先级的设计优化建议。
所用评论数据来自淘宝与京东两大主流电商平台,涵盖不同品牌与价格区间的智能升降办公桌产品。共计爬取原始评论数据30 015条。为确保分析结果的质量与准确性,进行了如下数据预处理流程,如图2所示。首先,剔除了广告推广内容、含大量特殊符号的评论、重复评论及长度低于12个汉字的极短评论,避免无效信息干扰分析;其次,采用Jieba分词工具对评论文本进行中文分词,保留名词、动词、形容词等核心实词;同时删除常见停用词、标点等无效词;最后,经过清洗与处理后,最终保留有效评论总数为28 003条,作为用户需求挖掘的基础数据集。
为系统挖掘智能升降办公桌的设计关注点与用户需求特征,采用无监督主题建模与人工归纳相结合的方法,首先利用LDA主题模型对28 003条评论进行聚类建模结果如图3所示。其中在主题数目为3时获得最高分数0.56,而从主题数目4之后分数整体呈降低趋势,因此确定最优主题数为4,并以此进行聚类分析。进一步地,通过关键词分析与专家小组讨论,结合家具设计与用户研究的专业知识,明确四个主题分别对应以下用户需求核心维度:外观与设计(ξ1)、使用与功能(ξ2)、材料与结构性能(ξ3)、产品配套与服务(ξ4)。
表1所示为各主题中代表性关键词及其占比情况,进一步支撑了上述归类逻辑。其中,“外观与设计”主题下关键词如“外观”“大气”“颜色”“精细”反映了用户对产品风格与审美的高度关注;“使用与功能”主题中“升降”“电机”“安装”高频出现,突出了对核心功能体验的重视;“材料与结构性能”主题包含“结实”“材质”“无异味”等词,体现了用户对产品安全性、环保性与稳固性的在意;而“产品配套与服务”维度则以“物流”“发货”“包装”等关键词为主,强调了售后体验在整体满意度中的影响。
以上高频关键词不仅反映出用户评价中的关注重点,也为后续构建用户需求模型提供了定量依据,奠定了产品设计优化中关注要素提取的基础。
基于LDA聚类结果,邀请4位具备产品设计背景的研究人员对每类主题评论进行深入阅读与归纳,提取出具有代表性的设计细分要素,共计若干个具体项目(如“整体造型”“升降平稳性”“桌面材质”等),形成观测变量如表2所示。这些细分要素将作为后续模型中外源潜变量的观测变量,用于量化用户对具体设计点的评分认知,并作为输入进入建模过程。
为刻画各类设计要素对用户感知的作用机制,参考智能手机用户感知模型假设[23]以及工程师和设计师经验,构建智能升降办公桌用户感知结构方程模型,并在此基础上嵌入人工神经网络,形成SEM-ANN混合模型。概念结构如图4所示。
其中模型具体变量定义包括4个外源潜变量,即通过LDA模型聚类获得的4个需求维度,包括外观设计、使用功能、材料结构、配套服务。对于ξ14则通过各自对应的细分设计小类作为观测变量(X)进行观测,如在外观设计中包含基本外观——表面触感、设计细节——走线方式等;使用功能包含升降功能——电动调节、附加功能——充电/集线等;材料结构包含实木、桌面强度等;配套服务包含配送速度、安装服务质量等。
此外,模型中的2个内生潜变量η包括使用体验和满意度,其中内生潜变量η1(使用体验)的观测变量(Y)对应升降操作时电机(动力/噪声)使用反馈、升降高度记忆功能的满足感、操作界面的舒适度、整体操作便捷性;η2(满意度)对应:客服服务态度评价、产品整体设计感受评价、整体结构稳定性满意度、产品色彩搭配/纹理评价。在模型结构方面,根据表3研究假设设定,外源潜变量ξ13连接内生潜变量η1,进一步地内生变量η1和外源潜变量ξ4连接内生潜变量η2
为获取模型所需观测数据,设计并发放问卷调查。量表设计基于前述提取的设计细分小类及用户感知测量项,采用李克特五级评分(1表示非常不重要,2表示不重要,3表示一般,4表示重要,5表示非常重要)。此外为防止观测变量的题项集中呈现而引发的顺序效应及回答趋同性,在问卷设计过程中采用了题项穿插策略。具体而言,关于不同的观测变量XY项在呈现时被打乱顺序,从而避免因同类题项连续出现导致受访者产生机械性或模式化作答行为,提升问卷数据的有效性与信度。具体题目与结构划分如表4所示。
在数据收集过程中,初期先发放50份预问卷进行题项筛选与逻辑检验,根据拟合度指标剔除表达不清或相关性差的题项即Q17,由于智能升降办公桌产品本身已具备高度升降可调节功能,因此对于“高度设计”题项存在重复影响拟合。在正式问卷中共收回样本282份,其中有效样本234份,样本中男女性占比分别为49.6%、50.4%,年龄段覆盖18岁以下23人,18~25岁78人,26~30岁55人,31~40岁35人,41~50岁31人,51~60岁以上12人。
首先使用Amos软件构建结构方程模型。设定路径关系如图4所示,检验路径系数的显著性与整体模型拟合优度。其次,为弥补SEM模型在捕捉非线性方面的不足,基于SEM结构构建神经网络模型。核心策略如下。
(1)输入层:使用问卷中用户对每个细分设计小类(X)的评分。
(2)隐藏层:设置内生潜变量为隐藏层神经元,其中使用体验(η1)为第一层隐藏层,满意度(η2)为第二层隐藏层。
(3)输出层:预测使用体验(η1)和满意度(η2),采用其观测变量(Y)的值作为目标输出。
(4)模型训练:将收集的样本以8∶2的比例划分训练集、测试集,设置学习率为0.01,训练10 000轮。
比较SEM与SEM-ANN模型在决定系数R2、方均根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)性能指标上的差异,探讨模型在拟合能力与解释力之间的权衡。其中R2越趋近于1表示模型的拟合程度好,RMSE的值越接近于0表示模型的预测精度越高,计算公式为
R2=1-$\frac{\stackrel{N}{\sum _{i=1}}({y}_{i}-{\stackrel{\wedge }{y}}_{i}{)}^{2}}{\stackrel{N}{\sum _{i=1}}({y}_{i}{-\stackrel{-}{y})}^{2}}$
RMSE=$\sqrt{\frac{1}{N}\stackrel{N}{\sum _{i=1}}({y}_{i}-{\stackrel{\wedge }{y}}_{i}{)}^{2}}$
式中:i为测试集中第i个样本;N为测试集样本总数;yi为内生潜变量的测量变量的实际值;${\stackrel{\wedge }{y}}_{i}$为模型的输出值;$\stackrel{-}{y}$为内生潜变量的测量变量的均值。
使用Amos获得智能升降办公桌用户感知模型最终的拟合结果,如图5所示。其中椭圆表示潜变量,包括外观设计、使用功能、材料结构、配套服务、使用体验和满意度;矩形表示观测变量,即各潜变量对应的问卷测量题项Q;圆圈中的e表示残差项。其中,e1~e40主要对应各观测变量的测量误差,表示该题项中未被所属潜变量解释的变异,由于本图采用AMOS的平方多重相关系数(squared multiple correlations, SMC)显示方式,因此e1~e40所连接变量旁的数值表示该变量的平方多重相关系数,即其被前因变量解释的方差比例;e41、e42分别对应内生潜变量“使用体验”和“满意度”的扰动项,代表该潜变量未能被模型中其他外源潜变量解释的残差。为验证结构方程模型的整体拟合度,采用多种常见拟合指标进行评估。模型卡方值为1 038.678,自由度为729,λ2/df为1.425,P=0.000。具体结果如表5所示,其中RMSEA=0.043,低于0.05,表明模型具有良好的逼近误差;GFI=0.824,AGFI=0.802,均高于0.8,说明拟合可接受;CFI=0.922,TLI=0.902,均超过0.9,表明模型拟合优良;PNFI和PGFI分别为0.734和0.733,亦处于可接受范围内。综上所述,该结构方程模型拟合效果良好,具备进一步分析路径系数的基础。
模型路径分析结果如表6所示,结果显示,“使用体验”对“满意度”的影响最为显著(P<0.05,标准化系数为0.727),表明用户在实际使用过程中的感知是影响整体满意度的关键因素。而其他路径中,尽管“使用功能”对“使用体验”呈现边缘显著性(P=0.069),但“外观设计”“材料与结构性能”“配套服务”路径均未达到显著水平,说明用户满意度主要源于实际体验,而非对具体功能或外在属性的认知。
为克服SEM在线性建模方面的局限,引入人工神经网络对SEM验证结果进行非线性拟合补充,并构建SEM-ANN集成模型。以用户体验与满意度为目标输出变量,对各细分设计要素的评分数据进行建模预测,结果如表7所示。在模型拟合精度方面,ANN模型在多个输出变量上的拟合优度均优于SEM模型。以R2为例,ANN模型在Q31(整体满意度)上达到0.283,显著高于SEM模型的0.09(图5 e36);在Q32(推荐意愿)上ANN为0.377,SEM为0.20(图5 e38);其他维度如Q3、Q14、Q43等变量,ANN模型均表现出更优的解释力。
同时,ANN模型在RMSE(均方根误差)方面整体较低,最高值为0.585,最低仅为0.185,表明其在各测量项上的预测误差控制良好。在模型可解释性方面,采用SEM结构作为ANN的“先验路径约束”,即使用SEM中已验证的潜变量间关系作为神经网络层级结构的依据。这种方式不仅提升了ANN的可解释性,避免了“黑箱”问题,也保持了SEM在路径推理与变量结构设计上的优势,从而构建出融合解释性与预测力的多层次模型。
基于SEM与ANN模型对各设计小类路径权重的综合输出,提取关键影响因子并进行排序,结果如表8所示。其中用户体验主要影响因素,在外观设计方面影响最大的是“表面触感”(0.589)和“面板板尺寸”(0.344),说明用户对接触材料的直观感受及桌面空间有显著偏好;在使用上升降安全得分最高(0.286),其后为抽屉(置物)、充电集线与折叠收纳等附加功能;用户在材料结构的关注度方面,最显著因素为“材质气味/环保”(0.976),其次是“桌面厚度/强度”(0.427)与“实木材质”(0.402);在产品的配套服务上,以“自组装安装”重要性最高(0.929),其次为“安装服务”与“配送准时性”。
通过SEM与SEM-ANN双模型验证了智能办公桌设计要素与用户感知的复杂映射关系。SEM路径分析显示(表5),用户体验(η1)对满意度(η2)的标准化路径系数达0.727(P=0.015),表明实际使用体验是驱动用户满意度的核心因素。然而,外观设计、材料结构等宏观维度对体验的直接影响未达显著水平(P>0.05),暗示用户对产品价值的判断更多依赖于功能交互过程中的综合感受,而非单一属性认知。这一发现挑战了传统设计中过度聚焦外观或材质的倾向,凸显了人机交互流程优化的优先级。
此外,SEM-ANN模型则进一步揭示了微观设计要素的非线性作用机制。如表7所示,ANN模型在满意度关键指标上的预测性能显著优于SEM:Q31(整体满意度)的R2从0.089提升至0.283,Q32(推荐意愿)从0.197升至0.377。这种提升源于ANN对细分要素间交互效应的捕捉,如,表面触感(Q4)与面板尺寸(Q15)在外观维度中呈现协同增强效应(路径权重0.589/0.344),表明用户对“触控舒适度”与“桌面可用面积”的组合需求;环保气味(Q34) 在材料性能中以0.976的极高权重成为体验关键瓶颈,印证了健康环保属性在消费决策中的一票否决特性;以及自组装说明(Q38)以0.929的权重主导服务满意度,反映用户对安装自主权的强烈诉求。
最后,考虑到不同预算及使用场景下的用户需求差异,建议产品线实现模块化和分层次策略:在基础款中重点保障环保材质、升降安全和基础组装便利;在中高端款中增加触感升级、个性化配色、智能联动(如App控制、感应记忆高度)等功能,以满足追求更高使用体验的用户群体。通过以上优化路径,制造商可以在有限资源下有序地提升产品竞争力与用户满意度。
提出并验证了一种融合在线评论数据挖掘、结构方程模型(SEM)与人工神经网络(ANN)的混合建模方法,旨在精准量化智能升降办公桌的微观设计要素对用户体验与满意度的影响。研究结果表明,基于LDA提取的四大需求维度及32项细分设计小类,结合SEM-ANN模型可有效揭示非线性作用路径,并生成具有实际指导意义的设计要素优先级清单。具体而言,“材质气味/环保性”“表面触感”“升降安全”“自组装安装”等要素被识别为提升用户感知的关键点,为智能办公桌的迭代优化提供了明确方向。
相较于传统基于线性假设的SEM或黑箱式ANN模型,本文研究的SEM-ANN融合方法兼具可解释性与预测精度:SEM负责验证潜变量因果结构,ANN则捕捉复杂非线性特征,两者互为补充,显著提高了模型对用户感知的拟合能力和设计优化的可信度。这一集成框架不仅丰富了产品设计领域的数据驱动分析方法,也为其他智能硬件或复杂消费品的设计优化研究提供了可借鉴的范式。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2023YFD22015)
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2026年第26卷第11期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2504361
  • 接收时间:2025-06-11
  • 首发时间:2026-07-02
  • 出版时间:2026-04-18
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-11
  • 修回日期:2025-11-19
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国家重点研发计划(2023YFD22015)
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    南京林业大学家居与工业设计学院, 南京 210037

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* 熊先青(1975—),男,汉族,湖北郧西人,博士,教授。研究方向:家居绿色智能制造。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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