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Article(id=1261270373245510590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1261262687258985194, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405692, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1722182400000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-29, revisedDate=1745251200000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778639890252, onlineDateStr=2026-05-13, pubDate=1752768000000, pubDateStr=2025-07-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778639890252, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778639890252, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778639890252, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1261262687258985194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='20', pageStart='8317', pageEnd='8759', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778638057769, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778753106634, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1261745237240722095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1261262687258985194, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1261745237240722096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1261262687258985194, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=8659, endPage=8665, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1261270374340223939, articleId=1261270373245510590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Surface Water and Groundwater Resource Management in Taolai River Basin Based on WEAP-MODFLOW Model, columnId=1156262735643005297, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Hydraulic Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To gain a deeper understanding of the interaction between surface water and groundwater in the water cycle of the inland basins of the Hexi region in Gansu Province, and thereby a scientific basis was provided for water resource management, the interaction and scheduling impacts of surface water and groundwater in the Taolai River Basin using long-term hydrological data combined with the WEAP-MODFLOW model were analyzed. The results indicate that the simulated groundwater extraction volume (2.461×108 m3) closely aligns with the actual extraction volume (2.5×108 m3), with an error of only about 1%, validating the model’s effectiveness in simulating groundwater extraction. Under the projected water use scenario for 2030, without reservoir regulation, the surface water and groundwater supply volumes would be 3.840×108 m3 and 1.982×108 m3 respectively, revealing a certain groundwater imbalance issue. Changes in the storage capacity of the Taolai Gorge Reservoir significantly affect the surface water supply capacity, with increased storage effectively enhancing the regulation and supply capacity of surface water, thereby alleviating the burden on the groundwater system. Adopting a scheduling rule that prioritizes surface water use has a positive impact on groundwater balance, helping to mitigate pressure on the groundwater system and protect groundwater resources. Evidently, the Taolai River Basin exhibits significant variability in its hydrological cycle, and there are distinct differences in the hydrological characteristics between the Hongshui River and the Taolai River, highlighting the necessity for implementing regionalized water resource management strategies.

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为深入理解甘肃河西内陆盆地水循环中地表水与地下水的相互转化机制,进而为水资源管理提供科学依据,通过运用长期水文数据并结合WEAP-MODFLOW模型的方法,对讨赖河流域的地表水与地下水交互作用及其调度影响进行分析。结果表明:模型模拟的地下水开采量(2.46×108 m3)与实际开采量(2.5×108m3)高度吻合,误差仅约1%,验证模型在地下水开采模拟方面的有效性;在预测的2030年用水情景下,若无水库调节,地表水和地下水的供水量将分别为3.840×108 m3和1.982×108 m3,显示出地下水存在一定的负均衡问题。讨赖峡水库的库容变化对地表水供水能力具有显著影响,库容增加能有效提升地表水的调节和供水能力,从而减轻地下水系统的负担。采用优先使用地表水的调度规则对地下水均衡产生了积极影响,有助于缓解地下水系统压力并保护地下水资源。可见,讨赖河流域内水文周期具有显著变异性,且洪水河与讨赖河的水文特性存在明显差异,这强调了实施区域化水资源管理策略的必要性。

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张朝辉(1978—),女,汉族,甘肃武威人,高级工程师。研究方向:水资源及水生态。E-mail:。

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张朝辉(1978—),女,汉族,甘肃武威人,高级工程师。研究方向:水资源及水生态。E-mail:。

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张朝辉(1978—),女,汉族,甘肃武威人,高级工程师。研究方向:水资源及水生态。E-mail:。

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River settings for the Taolai River WEAP model

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河流 河段数 水库数 水库名称
讨赖河 5 2 鸳鸯池水库、讨赖峡水库(待建)
洪水河 2 1 洪水河水库(待建)
临水河 2 0 无
清水河 2 0 无
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讨赖河WEAP模型河流设置

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河流 河段数 水库数 水库名称
讨赖河 5 2 鸳鸯池水库、讨赖峡水库(待建)
洪水河 2 1 洪水河水库(待建)
临水河 2 0 无
清水河 2 0 无
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Setting of groundwater aquifer in the WEAP model of the Taolai River

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编号 含水层 备注
1 Yuquan_Aquifer 峪泉灌区
2 Wenshu_aquifer 文殊灌区
3 Taonan_aquifer 讨南灌区
4 Taobei1_aquifer 讨北1灌区
5 Taobei2_aquifer 讨北2灌区
6 Xincheng_aquifer 新城灌区
7 Hongshui_aquifer 洪水河灌区
8 Linshui_aquifer 临水河灌区
9 Qingshui_aquifer 清水河灌区
10 Bianwan_aquifer 边湾灌区
), ArticleFig(id=1261270420267852047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261270373245510590, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

讨赖河WEAP模型地下水含水层设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 含水层 备注
1 Yuquan_Aquifer 峪泉灌区
2 Wenshu_aquifer 文殊灌区
3 Taonan_aquifer 讨南灌区
4 Taobei1_aquifer 讨北1灌区
5 Taobei2_aquifer 讨北2灌区
6 Xincheng_aquifer 新城灌区
7 Hongshui_aquifer 洪水河灌区
8 Linshui_aquifer 临水河灌区
9 Qingshui_aquifer 清水河灌区
10 Bianwan_aquifer 边湾灌区
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基于WEAP-MODFLOW的讨赖河流域水资源优化配置
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张朝辉 1 , 刘开清 1 , 王生龙 1 , 胡飞燕 2 , 司建华 3 , 周冬蒙 3
科学技术与工程 | 论文·水利工程 2025,25(20): 8659-8665
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·水利工程 2025, 25(20): 8659-8665
基于WEAP-MODFLOW的讨赖河流域水资源优化配置
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张朝辉1 , 刘开清1, 王生龙1, 胡飞燕2, 司建华3, 周冬蒙3
作者信息
  • 1 甘肃省水利厅讨赖河流域水资源利用中心, 酒泉 735000
  • 2 兰州理工大学能动学院, 兰州 730050
  • 3 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 兰州 730000

    • 张朝辉(1978—),女,汉族,甘肃武威人,高级工程师。研究方向:水资源及水生态。E-mail:。

Surface Water and Groundwater Resource Management in Taolai River Basin Based on WEAP-MODFLOW Model
Zhao-hui ZHANG1 , Kai-qing LIU1, Sheng-long WANG1, Fei-yan HU2, Jian-hua SI3, Dong-meng ZHOU3
Affiliations
  • 1 Water Resources Utilization Center of Taolai River Basin, Gansu Provincial Water Resources Department, Jiuquan 735000, China
  • 2 School of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
  • 3 Northwest Institute of Ecology and Environmental Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
出版时间: 2025-07-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405692
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摘要
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为深入理解甘肃河西内陆盆地水循环中地表水与地下水的相互转化机制,进而为水资源管理提供科学依据,通过运用长期水文数据并结合WEAP-MODFLOW模型的方法,对讨赖河流域的地表水与地下水交互作用及其调度影响进行分析。结果表明:模型模拟的地下水开采量(2.46×108 m3)与实际开采量(2.5×108m3)高度吻合,误差仅约1%,验证模型在地下水开采模拟方面的有效性;在预测的2030年用水情景下,若无水库调节,地表水和地下水的供水量将分别为3.840×108 m3和1.982×108 m3,显示出地下水存在一定的负均衡问题。讨赖峡水库的库容变化对地表水供水能力具有显著影响,库容增加能有效提升地表水的调节和供水能力,从而减轻地下水系统的负担。采用优先使用地表水的调度规则对地下水均衡产生了积极影响,有助于缓解地下水系统压力并保护地下水资源。可见,讨赖河流域内水文周期具有显著变异性,且洪水河与讨赖河的水文特性存在明显差异,这强调了实施区域化水资源管理策略的必要性。

讨赖河  /  WEAP-MODFLOW模型  /  地表水-地下水联合调度  /  水供需平衡

To gain a deeper understanding of the interaction between surface water and groundwater in the water cycle of the inland basins of the Hexi region in Gansu Province, and thereby a scientific basis was provided for water resource management, the interaction and scheduling impacts of surface water and groundwater in the Taolai River Basin using long-term hydrological data combined with the WEAP-MODFLOW model were analyzed. The results indicate that the simulated groundwater extraction volume (2.461×108 m3) closely aligns with the actual extraction volume (2.5×108 m3), with an error of only about 1%, validating the model’s effectiveness in simulating groundwater extraction. Under the projected water use scenario for 2030, without reservoir regulation, the surface water and groundwater supply volumes would be 3.840×108 m3 and 1.982×108 m3 respectively, revealing a certain groundwater imbalance issue. Changes in the storage capacity of the Taolai Gorge Reservoir significantly affect the surface water supply capacity, with increased storage effectively enhancing the regulation and supply capacity of surface water, thereby alleviating the burden on the groundwater system. Adopting a scheduling rule that prioritizes surface water use has a positive impact on groundwater balance, helping to mitigate pressure on the groundwater system and protect groundwater resources. Evidently, the Taolai River Basin exhibits significant variability in its hydrological cycle, and there are distinct differences in the hydrological characteristics between the Hongshui River and the Taolai River, highlighting the necessity for implementing regionalized water resource management strategies.

Taolai River  /  WEAP-MODFLOW model  /  joint surface water-groundwater dispatching  /  water supply-demand balance
张朝辉, 刘开清, 王生龙, 胡飞燕, 司建华, 周冬蒙. 基于WEAP-MODFLOW的讨赖河流域水资源优化配置. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (20) : 8659 -8665 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405692
Zhao-hui ZHANG, Kai-qing LIU, Sheng-long WANG, Fei-yan HU, Jian-hua SI, Dong-meng ZHOU. Surface Water and Groundwater Resource Management in Taolai River Basin Based on WEAP-MODFLOW Model[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (20) : 8659 -8665 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405692
正文
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随着社会经济的快速发展和人口持续增长,水资源需求急剧上升,而供给却受到气候变化、环境污染和土地利用等多种因素的制约[1-4]。鉴于此,地表水与地下水的联合调度策略已成为近年水资源管理的重点。联合调度模型依托实时水文监测数据和水资源需求信息,对地表水和地下水进行科学合理的分配和调度,旨在实现水资源的最优可持续利用[4]。基于WEAP-MODFLOW的联合调度模型研究始于20世纪90年代[5],至今已发展出多种模型,如基于水文循环的模型[6]、基于系统分析的模型[7]和基于优化方法的模型[8]。这些模型在模拟水体转化过程、预测水资源趋势和优化资源分配等方面展现出显著效能[9]。
基于水文循环的模型重点关注地表水和地下水的量变和位移过程,通过模拟水文周期预测水资源的动态变化。如结合WEAP和MODFLOW的模型能有效模拟水文循环,为水资源管理提供科学基础[10]。此外,基于系统分析的模型从宏观角度审视地表水和地下水的相互作用,利用系统动力学方法构建的联合调度模型可有效模拟水资源系统的动态变化,为水资源管理提供有力支持[11-15]。然而,现有模型仍存在诸多挑战,如模型的复杂性和高计算成本限制了其在实际应用中的普及,尤其一些灵敏度高的模型参数,对最终预测结果也有一定影响。此外,模型的适用性尤其在复杂水资源系统中需进一步提高,而在实际操作中,地表水和地下水的联合调度面临诸如时空分布不均[16]、水文预报精度不足[17]、模型结构复杂等问题[18-19]。
鉴于此,基于Visual MODFLOW软件平台,利用WEAP软件建立研究区的水资源调度分配模型。通过构建耦合地表水资源模型与地下水数值模型的WEAP-MODFLOW地表水-地下水联合调度模型,模拟不同水库工程特征条件下的方案,计算得到各方案下的水资源配置情况和地下水均衡情况。为讨赖河流域水库的联合优化调度提供新的研究思路和方向。
1 材料与方法
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1.1 研究区概况
讨赖河流域位于河西走廊的中心地带,是嘉峪关市内唯一的地表水流,同时也是黑河水系中一条重要的一级支流。其地理位置为97°22'46″E~99°27'11″E,38°24'16″N~40°56'08″N。讨赖河发源于青海省祁连山中段,它流经青海省祁连县、甘肃省肃南裕固族自治县、嘉峪关市、酒泉市肃州区、金塔县,最终汇入黑河。这条河流全长370 km,流域总面积达2.814 1×104 km2。根据多年的观测数据,讨赖河的多年平均径流量为5.32×108 m3,多年平均降水量为450 mm。其径流主要由降水、地下水和冰雪融水组成。河源区域内分布有120余条冰川,冰川融水量可达31×108 m3,对河流在丰枯期的径流具有一定的调节作用。因此,讨赖河的径流年际变化不大,但年内呈现季节性变化,是一条典型的西北干旱区河流[19]。
1.2 模型概化
对研究区内河流、需水部门、供水单元和渠道等水资源循环利用关系的过程进行概化,作为一种具有物理意义的概念性模型,WEAP地表水模型的概化主要分为点和线两类:其中,实际的水库、灌区、汇流点、水文及生态断面被概化为节点;同时,将讨赖峡水库作为入流的上边界,鸳鸯池水库作为河道出流的下边界。在此基础上,根据讨赖河-洪水河水系的灌区分布格局及水资源利用情况,进行系统的概化。
1.3 模型搭建
按照WEAP模型的要求,对研究区内的4条主要河流进行了概化模拟,这4条河流分别是讨赖河干流、洪水河、临水河和清水河。其中,洪水河在水量较大时会注入临水河,最终汇入讨赖河干流(北大河)。进行河流概化模拟时,所需的河流单元数据主要包括源头入流以及相关的蒸发、渗漏损失系数等。其物理参数则包括总库容、初始库容、库容曲线、最大下泄能力、蒸发-降水、下渗、实测库容、特征库容、蓄水优先级等。根据不同的节点,将河流划分为多个河段,并可以设置河段的侧向入流、入渗及蒸发比例。水文站在模型中起着河道水量率定的关键作用,本研究主要以鸳鸯池水库的入库径流作为控制目标。在模型中,河流分流主要用于模拟灌区渠首或调水工程从河道引水的情况。当前模型中设置了分流的河流有引讨济洪工程和鸳鸯输水干渠,这些分流受到最大引水能力的约束,具体约束条件如表1所示。
地下水供水单元按照区域地下水地质单元和灌区进行分区,概化为峪泉、文殊等10个水文地质单元,其约束和边界条件有最大储变量、初始水量、最大取水量、天然补给量等,各含水层与灌区关系如表2所示。供水单元和水源的控制方程为水量平衡,包括总入流及出流、水量蓄变量(水库、含水层、土壤含水率)。以河段为例,水量平衡计算方程为

QdownstreamOutflow=QupInflow+QinSurface+QfromGround-QtoGround-E

式(1)中:QdownstreamOutflow为下游出流; QupInflow为上游来流; QinSurface为区间地表来流; QfromGround为地下水补给河水; QtoGround为下渗;E为蒸发。
1.4 地下水模型MODFLOW
含水层渗透系数K和给水度μ是地下水数值模拟模型中的重要参数。根据非稳定流抽水试验结果,均衡区渗透系数K取10.08 m/d,给水度μ采用研究区岩心实验均值0.22(砂砾石含水层孔隙度等效给水度)。研究区渗透系数呈现显著空间异质性,按岩性结构划分为3个区:西部砂层区K为8~12 m/d,中部砂砾石过渡带K为5~8 m/d,东部基岩裂隙区K<3 m/d,该分区方案通过钻孔岩性编录验证,为模型提供了符合地质规律的参数场配置。
1.5 地表地下水联合调度模型
为了执行地表水与地下水模型的连接与耦合计算,采用已有的地下水模型及其参数率定结果。在模型耦合过程中,确保MODFLOW中的离散网格与WEAP的单元节点精确对应连接,通过这种方式为模型单元赋予特定属性,涵盖地下含水层单元、灌区、河道。图1展示了地表水模型WEAP与地下水模型MODFLOW连接后的模型概化图。地表地下水联合调度模型在WEAP平台上运行和操作。它通过读取MODFLOW的基本信息数据文件来获取不同的地下水模型边界条件和参数情况,这些文件包括以BAS6、BCF6、CHD、DIS、DRN、HUF2、LPF、NAM、OC、RCH、RIV、WEL为扩展名的文件。通过耦合WEAP模型和MODFLOW模型,实现了数据和结果在两者之间的交换,共同完成了地表水地下水联合调度的模拟。这一模拟旨在研究局部地下水位对整个系统(如地表水与地下水的相互作用、侧向地下水补给)的影响。地表地下水耦合模型的计算原理如图1所示。在模型运行时,WEAP模型输出的关键参数,如地下水入渗(补给)值、地下水开采量(抽水量)、河流水位以及地表径流,被用作MODFLOW模型的输入值。同时,MODFLOW模拟的地下水位(水头)、含水层间的侧向流与地表水地下水流等结果,也作为输入值反馈给WEAP模型。模型在WEAP界面下进行运行计算,每一步首先进行地表水地下水单元的调度和水量计算,随后调用MODFLOW来模拟地下水运动。
2 结果与讨论
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2.1 模型率定和验证
基于2022年的社会经济需水情景,对鸳鸯池水库的入库径流以及地表水与地下水之间的补给排泄(即泉水)进行初步模拟。模拟计算结果显示,2022年鸳鸯池水库的入流量为4.851×108 m3,与实测数据4.793×108 m3相比,水量误差仅为1.2%。结果表明,该模型能够较好地模拟讨赖河进入下游鸳鸯池水库的水量。同时,泉水的模拟量为1.47×108 m3,与2022年的实测值1.40×108 m3相近,说明该模型能够较好地模拟研究区地下水向地表水的排泄过程。该年各月鸳鸯池水库的实测入库流量和模拟流量结果如图2所示,基本上能够反映年内鸳鸯池水库的入库流量变化情况。
从地下水均衡项的计算结果来看,研究区的地下水补给总量为6.258×108 m3。大气降水对地下水的补给量为0.347×108 m3,这一数值反映了降水对地下水的直接补给作用;山区侧向入流补给量为0.130×108 m3;河道渗漏对地下水的补给量达到2.892×108 m3;渠道渗漏及回归水量(包括灌溉回归水和非灌溉回归水)分别为1.805×108 m3和1.085×108 m3。地下水的总排泄量为6.406×108 m3,其中包括侧向出流0.170×108 m3、潜水蒸发量1.617×108 m3,以及泉水及河道排泄量2.158×108 m3。对于地下水开采量的模拟,将现状条件下的水资源配置和地下水开采结果与实际收集的数据进行比较。模拟得到的地下水开采量为2.461×108 m3,与2012年研究区实际地下水开采量2.5×108 m3相近,误差约在1%,表明该模型能够较好地满足地下水开采的模拟需求。
2.2 模型应用与分析
2.2.1 讨赖峡水库库容变化对地表水供水能力的影响
为了深入分析讨赖峡水库库容变化对地表水供水能力的影响,采用不同的库容方案进行模拟和比较。模拟结果显示,随着讨赖峡水库库容从0.426×108 m3增加到0.5×108 m3,地表水的供水量逐渐增加,从4.377×108 m3增加至4.381×108 m3。这一变化趋势表明,水库库容的扩大有助于提升地表水的调节和供水能力。同时,由于地下水开采量的减少,地下水的负均衡量也有所降低,从-0.032×108 m3变为-0.010 ×108 m3(图3)。这一变化进一步证明了水库库容增加对地下水系统的积极影响,即通过减少地下水开采来减轻地下水系统的压力。此外,水库的蓄水作用还导致下泄河道的水量有所减少,而河道与水库对地下水的补给量则轻微增加。这表明水库库容的变化不仅影响地表水的供水能力,还对地下水系统产生了一定的影响。在不同的讨赖峡库容方案下,到达鸳鸯池的河道水量也有所变化,但基本保持在3×108~3.2×108 m3。综上所述,讨赖峡水库库容的变化对地表水供水能力具有显著影响。通过扩大水库库容,可以提升地表水的调节和供水能力,同时减轻地下水系统的压力。然而,在实际应用中,还需要综合考虑水库建设成本、环境影响、社会经济效益等因素,以制定最优的水资源配置方案。
2.2.2 优先地表水供水规则下地下水均衡变化分析
从地下水均衡项的计算结果来看,研究区地下水的补给总量为5.73×108 m3,其中包括大气降水补给0.347×108 m3、山区侧向入流补给0.130×108 m3、河道渗漏补给量2.35×108 m3,以及渠道渗漏及回归水量(包括灌溉回归水和非灌溉回归水)分别为1.821×108 m3和1.085×108 m3。而地下水的排泄总量为6.168×108 m3,其中侧向出流为0.178×108 m3,潜水蒸发损失达到1.545×108 m3,泉水及河道排泄量与地下水开采量分别为2.11×108 m3和2.2×108 m3(图4)。
综合各项数据,地下水呈现负均衡状态,负均衡量为0.311 ×108 m3。尽管这个量相对较小,但考虑到现状用水水平下到达鸳鸯池水库的水量仅有3×108 m3,因此该方案较难满足下游金塔县的分水目标。在此方案下,长系列计算的地表水供水量为3.97×108 m3,地下水的供水量为1.78×108 m3。对整个研究区的地表水和地下水进行综合分析,研究区域的总入流(包括河道入流量、大气降水补给和山区侧向补给)为9.737×108 m3,而总出流为10.063×108 m3。其中,农业耗水量和城市工业及生活耗水量分别为3.775×108 m3和0.88 ×108 m3,渠系的蒸发量为0.632×108 m3,潜水蒸发量损耗为1.545×108 m3,河道流出区域水量和侧向流出水量分别为3.053×108 m3和0.178 ×108 m3。
在优先地表水供水的调度规则下,地下水的均衡状态发生了显著变化。如图4所示,区域水量均衡统计结果显示,地下水系统的补给和排泄项均有所调整,以适应新的供水策略。具体而言,由于地表水资源的优先利用,地下水的开采量有所减少,从原先的2.5×108 m3降至2.2×108 m3。这一减少直接导致了地下水负均衡量的缩小,从-0.032×108 m3变为-0.311×108 m3,表明地下水系统的压力得到了一定程度的缓解。尽管仍然存在负均衡,但其规模已相对较小,显示出优先地表水供水规则对地下水资源的保护作用。同时,地下水排泄项中的泉水及河道排泄量也有所调整,从原先的2.158×108 m3减少至2.11×108 m3。这一变化反映了地下水系统对地表水优先利用的响应,即地下水向地表的自然排泄量有所减少,以适应人类活动对水资源的需求。此外,长系列计算结果显示,整个研究区的地表水-地下水综合分析中,总入流和总出流基本保持平衡,但存在一定的损耗。其中,农业耗水量和城市工业及生活耗水量占据了相当大的比例,分别达到3.775×108 m3和0.88×108 m3。这表明在研究区内,农业和城市用水是水资源消耗的主要方面,也是未来水资源管理需要重点关注的领域。综上所述,优先地表水供水的调度规则对地下水均衡产生了显著影响。通过减少地下水开采量和调整地下水排泄量,该规则有助于缓解地下水系统的压力,并促进地表水和地下水的联合管理。然而,为了实现水资源的可持续利用,还需要进一步研究和优化水资源配置方案,以适应不断变化的水文和社会经济条件。
2.3 讨论
通过模拟和计算,分析讨赖峡水库库容变化以及优先地表水供水规则对地表水和地下水均衡状态的影响,得到一些有意义的结论,但同时也揭示了一些需要进一步探讨的问题。首先,研究结果显示讨赖峡水库库容的扩大有助于提升地表水的调节和供水能力,同时减轻地下水系统的压力。这一发现虽然具有积极的指导意义,但也需要注意到,水库库容的扩大可能会带来一系列的环境和社会经济影响。如水库的淹没区可能会导致生态破坏和居民迁移,而水库的运行也可能会改变下游河道的生态水文条件。因此,在制定水库建设方案时,需要全面考虑这些潜在的影响,并进行综合评估。其次,优先地表水供水的调度规则虽然在一定程度上缓解了地下水系统的压力,但仍然存在地下水负均衡的情况。这表明,当前的调度规则可能还需要进一步的优化和调整。例如,可以考虑在调度规则中引入更加灵活的地下水开采策略,以适应不同年份和季节的水资源供需变化。同时,也需要加强地下水资源的监测和管理,确保地下水资源的可持续利用。此外,从整个研究区的地表水和地下水综合分析来看,农业耗水量和城市工业及生活耗水量占据相当大的比例,是水资源消耗的主要方面。这也进一步凸显了农业用水和城市用水管理的重要性。为了实现水资源的可持续利用,需要更加深入地研究农业节水技术和城市水资源循环利用技术,并积极探索和推广这些技术的应用。最后,虽然在不同库容方案下对到达鸳鸯池的河道水量进行分析,但这一方面的探讨仍然相对较为浅显。在未来研究中,可以进一步深入分析水库库容变化对下游河道水量和水质的具体影响,以及这种影响如何与下游生态系统的保护和恢复相协调。这将有助于更全面地理解水库建设对河流生态系统的潜在影响,并制定相应的生态保护和恢复措施。
3 结论
收起
基于WEAP-MODFLOW模型进行的讨赖河流域地表水和地下水联合调度分析。得出如下主要结论。
(1)讨赖峡水库库容变化对地表水供水能力有显著影响,结果表明,随着讨赖峡水库库容从0.426×108 m3增加到0.5×108 m3,地表水供水量逐渐增加,从4.377×108 m3增加至4.381×108 m3。这表明水库库容的扩大有助于提升地表水的调节和供水能力,同时减轻地下水系统的压力。
(2)优先地表水供水的调度规则对地下水均衡产生显著影响,在优先地表水供水的调度规则下,地下水的开采量有所减少,从原先的2.5 ×108 m3降至2.2×108 m3,导致地下水负均衡量缩小。这显示出优先地表水供水规则对地下水资源的保护作用,有助于缓解地下水系统的压力。
(3)农业和城市用水是水资源消耗的主要方面:长系列计算结果显示,农业耗水量和城市工业及生活耗水量在研究区总耗水量中占据相当大的比例,分别达到3.775×108 m3和0.88×108 m3。这表明农业和城市用水是水资源消耗的主要领域,也是未来水资源管理需要重点关注的方面。
基金
收起
  • 甘肃省2023年水利科研与技术推广项目(23GSLK032)
  • 甘肃省2024年水利科研与技术推广项目(24GSLK068)
  • 甘肃省2024年水利科研与技术推广项目(24GSLK070)
文献
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2025年第25卷第20期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405692
  • 接收时间：2024-07-29
  • 首发时间：2026-05-13
  • 出版时间：2025-07-18
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  • 收稿日期：2024-07-29
  • 修回日期：2025-04-22
基金
甘肃省2023年水利科研与技术推广项目(23GSLK032)
甘肃省2024年水利科研与技术推广项目(24GSLK068)
甘肃省2024年水利科研与技术推广项目(24GSLK070)
作者信息
    1 甘肃省水利厅讨赖河流域水资源利用中心, 酒泉 735000
    2 兰州理工大学能动学院, 兰州 730050
    3 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 兰州 730000
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/CN/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405692
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