Article(id=1261270367532888300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1261262687258985194, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406579, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1725206400000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-02, revisedDate=1745683200000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778639888889, onlineDateStr=2026-05-13, pubDate=1752768000000, pubDateStr=2025-07-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778639888889, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778639888889, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778639888889, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1261262687258985194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='20', pageStart='8317', pageEnd='8759', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778638057769, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778753106634, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1261745237240722095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1261262687258985194, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1261745237240722096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1261262687258985194, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=8674, endPage=8681, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1261270368220754159, articleId=1261270367532888300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Influence of SBS Swelling Degree on Rheological Properties of Modified Asphalt and Its Internal Mechanism, columnId=1156262728772735295, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Due to the unclear constitutive relationship between the structure and performance of styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer(SBS) modified asphalt, the current way to improve the performance of SBS modified asphalt is still to simply increase its SBS content. However, early pavement diseases are still frequent. To explore the effect of swelling degree of SBS on the rheological properties of modified asphalt and its internal mechanism without increasing SBS content. The microstructure of SBS modified asphalt was observed by fluorescence microscope. The conventional properties and rheological properties of SBS modified asphalt were analyzed by dynamic shear rheometer. The internal mechanism of the influence of SBS swelling degree on the performance of SBS modified asphalt was revealed by molecular dynamics. The results show that the fully swollen star-line blended SBS modified asphalt has a higher swelling area, and has obvious performance advantages in terms of conventional performance, rheological properties and anti-aging properties. Molecular simulation shows that the complete swelling of SBS makes the radial distribution function peak of SBS modified asphalt higher, which improves the interaction between SBS molecules and light components in SBS modified asphalt. On the basis of maintaining the original stable asphalt colloid structure, SBS styrene ends are interconnected to form π-π conjugate, which improves the toughness of SBS network.

, correspAuthors=Peng WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Qi-chao ZHANG, Peng WANG, Tao XU, Xiao-kang DONG, Qi-dong ZHENG, Hai-yu WANG, Lu LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1261270376366092612, articleId=1261270367532888300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=SBS溶胀程度对其改性沥青流变性能影响及内在机理, columnId=1156262730664366426, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·交通运输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

由于苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer,SBS)改性沥青结构与性能之间的本构关系不明确,目前提高SBS改性沥青性能的方式仍是单纯提高其SBS含量,然而路面早期病害依旧频发。为了在不增加SBS含量情况下,探明SBS的溶胀程度对改性沥青流变性能的影响及其内在机理。采用荧光显微镜观察SBS改性沥青微观形貌,以动态剪切流变仪分析SBS改性沥青的常规性能与流变性能,利用分子动力学揭示SBS溶胀程度对其改性沥青性能影响的内在机理。结果表明:完全溶胀状态的星线共混型SBS改性沥青具有更高的溶胀面积,在常规性能,流变性能以及抗老化性能方面具有明显的性能优势。分子模拟则表明SBS的完全溶胀使得SBS改性沥青的径向分布函数峰更高,提升了SBS改性沥青中SBS分子与轻组分之间的交互作用,在保持了原有稳定沥青胶体结构的基础上使得SBS苯乙烯端相互连接,形成π-π共轭,提升了SBS网络的韧性。

, correspAuthors=王鹏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 王鹏(1984—),女,汉族,新疆伊犁人,博士,副教授。研究方向:路面材料。E-mail:
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张齐超(2000—),男,汉族,山东济南人,硕士研究生。研究方向:路面材料。E-mail:

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张齐超(2000—),男,汉族,山东济南人,硕士研究生。研究方向:路面材料。E-mail:

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张齐超(2000—),男,汉族,山东济南人,硕士研究生。研究方向:路面材料。E-mail:

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figureFileBig=X9hPRHGjMmSOpC+c7C5Jkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261270412709737045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261270367532888300, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Anti-rutting factor of SBS modified asphalt before and after aging, figureFileSmall=24mH/5Tc2ZmDZD5ERiGdqg==, figureFileBig=mq8txqUvFQ5jAnh9lJFMsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261270412902675035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261270367532888300, language=CN, label=图4, caption=老化前后SBS改性沥青抗车辙因子, figureFileSmall=24mH/5Tc2ZmDZD5ERiGdqg==, figureFileBig=mq8txqUvFQ5jAnh9lJFMsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261270413099807326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261270367532888300, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Main curve of complex modulus of SBS modified asphalt before and after aging, figureFileSmall=Yt5BZYbkV6Pho9MmirHyLA==, figureFileBig=PulVOa9XzbSHqdSce/uFfw==, 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language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Strength of SBS modified asphalt network before and after aging, figureFileSmall=+DzYGZiijc0YIuX+KLPMlA==, figureFileBig=QmhH30ri50Z3Gy2IMj1vYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261270417659015790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261270367532888300, language=CN, label=图7, caption=老化前后SBS改性沥青网络强度, figureFileSmall=+DzYGZiijc0YIuX+KLPMlA==, figureFileBig=QmhH30ri50Z3Gy2IMj1vYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261270417864536689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261270367532888300, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Colloidal structure of SBS modified asphalt, figureFileSmall=nHuv/x7PiXxYPvNTcbGrQg==, figureFileBig=yKnMcVmPPdQgnIBPiKb1zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261270418049086070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261270367532888300, language=CN, label=图8, caption=SBS改性沥青的胶体结构, figureFileSmall=nHuv/x7PiXxYPvNTcbGrQg==, figureFileBig=yKnMcVmPPdQgnIBPiKb1zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261270418535625339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261270367532888300, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Phase distribution of SBS in SBS modified asphalt model, figureFileSmall=LpQJ87w1KAl8uZ6FhS8bfw==, figureFileBig=EYuQkrV45FpjCujUyMN0wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261270420284650110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261270367532888300, language=CN, label=图9, caption=SBS改性沥青模型中SBS的相态分布, figureFileSmall=LpQJ87w1KAl8uZ6FhS8bfw==, figureFileBig=EYuQkrV45FpjCujUyMN0wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261270420540502657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261270367532888300, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Radial distribution function of SBS modified asphalt model, figureFileSmall=wyuTO3baF0IMsJH1eJTl3Q==, figureFileBig=m/RsEoqe1+FxxxjEKVPn8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261270420834103939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261270367532888300, language=CN, label=图10, caption=SBS改性沥青模型的径向分布函数, figureFileSmall=wyuTO3baF0IMsJH1eJTl3Q==, figureFileBig=m/RsEoqe1+FxxxjEKVPn8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261270421068984967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261270367532888300, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic indexes of Qilu 70 # matrix asphalt

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
沥青
种类
针入度(25 ℃)/
0.1 mm
软化点/
延度(15 ℃)/
cm
老化后延度
(15 ℃)/cm
齐鲁70# 69 48.3 >100 5.2
), ArticleFig(id=1261270423065473677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261270367532888300, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

齐鲁70 #基质沥青基础指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
沥青
种类
针入度(25 ℃)/
0.1 mm
软化点/
延度(15 ℃)/
cm
老化后延度
(15 ℃)/cm
齐鲁70# 69 48.3 >100 5.2
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SBS溶胀程度对其改性沥青流变性能影响及内在机理
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张齐超 , 王鹏 * , 徐涛 , 董晓康 , 郑祺栋 , 王海雨 , 李璐
科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025,25(20): 8674-8681
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025, 25(20): 8674-8681
SBS溶胀程度对其改性沥青流变性能影响及内在机理
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张齐超 , 王鹏* , 徐涛, 董晓康, 郑祺栋, 王海雨, 李璐
作者信息
  • 山东建筑大学交通工程学院, 济南 250101
  • 张齐超(2000—),男,汉族,山东济南人,硕士研究生。研究方向:路面材料。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 王鹏(1984—),女,汉族,新疆伊犁人,博士,副教授。研究方向:路面材料。E-mail:
Influence of SBS Swelling Degree on Rheological Properties of Modified Asphalt and Its Internal Mechanism
Qi-chao ZHANG , Peng WANG* , Tao XU, Xiao-kang DONG, Qi-dong ZHENG, Hai-yu WANG, Lu LI
Affiliations
  • School of Transportation Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
出版时间: 2025-07-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406579
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由于苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer,SBS)改性沥青结构与性能之间的本构关系不明确,目前提高SBS改性沥青性能的方式仍是单纯提高其SBS含量,然而路面早期病害依旧频发。为了在不增加SBS含量情况下,探明SBS的溶胀程度对改性沥青流变性能的影响及其内在机理。采用荧光显微镜观察SBS改性沥青微观形貌,以动态剪切流变仪分析SBS改性沥青的常规性能与流变性能,利用分子动力学揭示SBS溶胀程度对其改性沥青性能影响的内在机理。结果表明:完全溶胀状态的星线共混型SBS改性沥青具有更高的溶胀面积,在常规性能,流变性能以及抗老化性能方面具有明显的性能优势。分子模拟则表明SBS的完全溶胀使得SBS改性沥青的径向分布函数峰更高,提升了SBS改性沥青中SBS分子与轻组分之间的交互作用,在保持了原有稳定沥青胶体结构的基础上使得SBS苯乙烯端相互连接,形成π-π共轭,提升了SBS网络的韧性。

苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性沥青  /  溶胀网络  /  微观结构  /  流变性能  /  分子动力学模拟  /  分子交互作用

Due to the unclear constitutive relationship between the structure and performance of styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer(SBS) modified asphalt, the current way to improve the performance of SBS modified asphalt is still to simply increase its SBS content. However, early pavement diseases are still frequent. To explore the effect of swelling degree of SBS on the rheological properties of modified asphalt and its internal mechanism without increasing SBS content. The microstructure of SBS modified asphalt was observed by fluorescence microscope. The conventional properties and rheological properties of SBS modified asphalt were analyzed by dynamic shear rheometer. The internal mechanism of the influence of SBS swelling degree on the performance of SBS modified asphalt was revealed by molecular dynamics. The results show that the fully swollen star-line blended SBS modified asphalt has a higher swelling area, and has obvious performance advantages in terms of conventional performance, rheological properties and anti-aging properties. Molecular simulation shows that the complete swelling of SBS makes the radial distribution function peak of SBS modified asphalt higher, which improves the interaction between SBS molecules and light components in SBS modified asphalt. On the basis of maintaining the original stable asphalt colloid structure, SBS styrene ends are interconnected to form π-π conjugate, which improves the toughness of SBS network.

styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer(SBS) modified asphalt  /  swelling network  /  microstructure  /  rheological properties  /  molecular dynamics  /  molecular interaction
张齐超, 王鹏, 徐涛, 董晓康, 郑祺栋, 王海雨, 李璐. SBS溶胀程度对其改性沥青流变性能影响及内在机理. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (20) : 8674 -8681 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406579
Qi-chao ZHANG, Peng WANG, Tao XU, Xiao-kang DONG, Qi-dong ZHENG, Hai-yu WANG, Lu LI. Influence of SBS Swelling Degree on Rheological Properties of Modified Asphalt and Its Internal Mechanism[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (20) : 8674 -8681 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406579
在沥青改性领域,苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer,SBS)改性沥青不仅提高了路面的耐久性,还降低了维护成本[1-3],是目前提高沥青应用性能的有效方法。SBS是一种具有双边相形态的热塑性弹性体,由硬段的聚苯乙烯(polystyrene,PS)和软段的聚丁二烯(polybutadiene,PB)组成。当适量SBS与沥青混合时,PB吸收沥青中的轻组分发生溶胀,而PS基本不变,从而在沥青中形成“刚柔并济”的三维网络结构,极大改善了沥青的抗病害能力。然而,因为对结构-性能之间本构关系的不明确,盲目地提高SBS的含量,即使它们在改性沥青工厂时达到了质量标准,仍会导致路面耐久性不足,且在高温存储过程中的相分离严重,早期路面病害频发。
目前,学者们基于荧光显微镜图像提出了改性剂的均匀分散和粒度特征参数[4-6],探究SBS改性沥青微观结构与宏观性能之间的联系[7-8]。陈向东等[9]、屈鑫等[10]利用荧光显微镜、动态剪切流变仪观察到,特定的显微形态参数可以较好地对软化点、复数模量等宏观性能进行预测。庞拓等[11]、Qian等[12]研究发现,SBS掺量及其在沥青中的溶胀分散程度会影响改性沥青的流变性能,但这种关系的确切联系尚不明确,该研究仅限于对SBS改性沥青性能改善的措施,而没有系统深入地研究影响其改性沥青性能的内在机理。
分子动力学(molecular dynamics,MD)是一种强大的工具,被广泛应用于各领域的微观研究[13],可以从分子层面上了解改性沥青的分子交互作用和纳米结构演变[14-15]。Yang等[16]采用分子动力学预测了聚丁二烯、聚苯乙烯和苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的物理性能,证实了MD在材料设计上的可行性。汪海年等[17]对分子模拟在沥青中的应用进行了系统综述。Wheeler[18]关注SBS与沥青组分之间的交互作用,认为SBS相的分布与SBS的含量密切相关[19]。研究表明,沥青中SBS含量会影响分子之间的交互作用,进而影响改性沥青的流变性能,但并不明确在一定SBS含量情况下的SBS溶胀分散状态对其改性沥青分子交互作用的影响,以及与性能之间的关系。
鉴于此,为综合SBS改性沥青宏观性能与微观纳米结构,阐明SBS溶胀程度对其改性沥青流变性能的影响及其内在的分子交互作用机理,解决现有SBS改性沥青性能衰减过快导致早期病害频发的问题。首先,通过荧光显微镜实验,观察不同溶胀程度下改性沥青的微观结构,并通过宏观性能对比,分析不同溶胀程度下对星线共混型SBS改性沥青性能的影响;利用分子动力学研究SBS改性沥青的纳米结构特征,包括改性沥青的胶体结构,SBS分子扩散系数,SBS的相态分布,了解SBS之间以及SBS与轻组分之间的选择性聚集,以从分子层面验证宏观实验所得出结论的可靠性。
采用齐鲁70 #基质沥青,性能如表1所示。
研究星线共混型SBS改性沥青,线型采用独山子6302-SBS改性剂,星型采用中石化4303-SBS改性剂。稳定剂为大山路桥硫磺交连稳定剂。采用液体橡胶油降低改性沥青的黏度,增加轻组分提升聚合物溶胀程度。选用A16作为外添剂,阻止沥青质分子聚集, 提高沥青质分子稳定性。
通过调整橡胶油的掺量制备4种不同溶胀程度的SBS改性沥青,分别为线型对比样品,完全溶胀样品,部分溶胀样品及未溶胀样品,并对其进行旋转薄膜烘箱沥青短期老化试验获得沥青短期老化样品,具体SBS改性沥青制备方法如下。
(1)将基质沥青放入烘箱中加热至流动状态。
(2)使用剪切机进行剪切,温度控制在(175±5) ℃。当剪切速率达到4 000 r/min时,向基质沥青中加入星型SBS改性剂、线型SBS改性剂与外添剂,剪切30 min。
(3)更换为搅拌机,温度定为177 ℃,搅拌速度调至低速,以800 r/min的搅拌速率向沥青中加入橡胶油及稳定剂搅拌2.5 h。
荧光显微镜是常用的表征SBS改性沥青形态的直观方法,SBS相由于其独特的结构,会出现黄色荧光,利用荧光显微镜可以清晰直观地观察到两相结构的分布,对SBS的溶胀程度进行定量分析[20-21],且可基于荧光显微图像进行SBS面积比计算[22],分析SBS的溶胀程度。观察4种SBS改性沥青荧光显微镜图,并利用MATLAB软件处理荧光显微图得到SBS颗粒溶胀面积,对其进行对比分析研究。
动态剪切流变仪(dynamic shear rheometer,DSR)是评价高分子化合物流变性的一种通用设备,可对沥青进行高温稳定性、抗疲劳等性能测试。温度扫描试验温度控制在52~76 ℃,间隔6 ℃,频率固定(10 rad/s),绘制抗车辙因子曲线。频率扫描试验温度控制在45~75 ℃,间隔10 ℃,频率1.0~100 Hz,并对频率扫描数据进行处理,绘制复数模量主曲线。剪切实验是在60 ℃条件下持续施加60 s剪切率为2 s-1的作用力,来测算沥青的剪切力,并通过式(1)计算网络强度[23],表征SBS改性沥青维持网络结构不被破坏的能力。
$I=\frac{{S}_{\mathrm{P}}}{{S}_{\mathrm{S}}}$
式(1)中:I为网络强度;SP为剪切应力峰值;SS为剪切应力平缓值。
采用组装法构建沥青分子模型,以四组分代表性化合物为输入参数构建分子模型。对于构建后的分子模型使用Forcite模块进行模拟,得到平衡后的分子模型,并分析其径向分布函数及均方位移。径向分布函数是以给定粒子为原点,以此为圆心寻找半径为r的球体内粒子出现的概率,代表所分析分子的聚集状态。均方位移是体系内的所有粒子经过一定时间后,其移动的距离与所有粒子移动距离绝对值差的平方和,代表粒子在体系内的扩散及位移的程度。
使用荧光显微镜对老化前后8个样品进行微观形貌观测,如图1所示。
通过控制橡胶油的添加量得到SBS不同的溶胀状态,随着橡胶油掺量的增加,SBS溶胀程度逐步增高。从图1(a)图1(b)可以看出,完全溶胀状态下的SBS分布均匀,大小相似,分散程度、网络结构状态表现良好。图1(c)表明部分SBS轻组分吸收不足,无法完全溶胀,因此SBS颗粒大小不同,且分散程度较差,图1(d)中SBS颗粒大小不同的现象更加明显。老化后的荧光显微图,图1(e)~图1(h)表现与老化前特征相似。借助图像处理软件分析图1中荧光面积所占比例,变化趋势如图2所示。
线型对比样品相较其他样品提高0.5%SBS掺量,老化前具有更大的溶胀面积,但在与完全溶胀样品相同橡胶油掺量的情况下,并没有达到SBS的完全溶胀,老化后溶胀面积衰减指数更大。对比3种星线共混型SBS改性沥青,溶胀面积与橡胶油掺量呈正比,随着橡胶油掺量的增加,溶胀面积随之增加。衰减指数大小则表现出,溶胀面积越低,老化后的面积衰减更大。表明良好的溶胀状态可以有效抵抗老化后溶胀面积的减小。
SBS改性沥青常规性能,以老化前后延度、老化前后软化点及针入度为表征指标,结果如图3所示。
图3(a)可知,对于延度,完全溶胀样品老化前后延度均最大,而部分溶胀样品最小。除未溶胀样品衰减指数较大为35%之外,剩余3种样品衰减指数差距较小,处在27%~30%。表明在SBS沥青延度方面,完全溶胀样品与线型SBS改性沥青相当,优于未溶胀样品。图3(b)显示,老化前后部分溶胀与未溶胀样品软化点高于完全溶胀与线型对比样品,衰减指数差异较小。这是因为部分溶胀与未溶胀样品橡胶油掺量较低, SBS无法进行完全的溶胀,沥青偏硬,导致软化点较高。分析图3(c)可知,完全溶胀与线型对比样品则具有更高的针入度。表明随着橡胶油掺量的增加,沥青内部轻组分含量增加,降低了沥青硬度,同时使得SBS完全溶胀,从而具有更高的针入度。
(1)温度扫描试验。温度扫描试验温度范围为52~76 ℃,温度间隔为6 ℃,对老化前后8种沥青样品进行测试,老化前后的车辙因子(G*/sinδ)变化情况如图4所示,其中,G*为动态剪切复数劲度模量,相位角δ是沥青结合料的弹性(可恢复部分)与黏性(不可恢复部分)成分的比例指标。
图4可以看出,无论老化前后,4种SBS改性沥青随着温度的升高,沥青的抗车辙因子降低。老化前后完全溶胀样品的G*/sinδ与线型对比样品相当,抗车辙因子差别很小,且高于相同SBS掺量的部分溶胀与未溶胀样品,但老化后G*/sinδ显著增加。G*/sinδ升高代表沥青在发生形变时抵抗变形的能力增强,老化后沥青质增多,轻组分减少,沥青在相同温度下表现为变硬变脆,具有更强的抵抗变形的能力,表明随着SBS的溶胀程度增加,低SBS掺量但完全溶胀的星线共混型SBS改性沥青高温黏弹性能与更高SBS掺量的纯线型SBS改性沥青相当,具有良好的高温稳定性。
(2)频率扫描试验。借助动态剪切流变仪对所选沥青样品进行频率扫描试验,并建立G*主曲线,如图5所示。可以看出,4种 SBS改性沥青在老化前后,其G*主曲线的形态基本一致,并且随换算频率的增加而增大。在高温低频区G*较大,则在高温低速行驶条件下,沥青的抗变形性能较好,其高温低频区G*主曲线的具体大小排布为:完全溶胀>线型对比>部分溶胀>未溶胀,完全溶胀样品最优。在低温高频区G*越小,低温快速行车状态下材料抗开裂能力越好。老化前低温高频区G*主曲线具体排布为:未溶胀>部分溶胀>线型对比>完全溶胀,老化后4种SBS改性沥青的G*主曲线模量相差不大,抗开裂能力性能差距不大。综上所述,随着SBS的完全溶胀,低掺量星线共混型SBS改性沥青老化前后在低频区与高频区的模量均与更高SBS掺量的纯线型SBS改性沥青相当,优于SBS溶胀不完全的样品,具有良好的性能。
(3)剪切试验。借助动态剪切流变仪,对所选8种沥青样品进行剪切试验,所得剪切应力与时间关系曲线如图6所示。老化前SBS改性沥青剪切应力变化从图6中难以观察到明显的峰值存在,因为SBS改性沥青老化前交联结构更强,短时间剪切应力不会降低,经过老化后的SBS改性沥青剪切应力会迅速到达某个峰值,而后逐步减小并趋于稳定。综合来看,4种SBS沥青的峰值不同,峰值和平缓值的比率也有差异,可以用峰值和平缓值之比来描述 SBS改性沥青的网络结构强度,记为I。老化前后SBS改性沥青样品网络强度I图7所示。
图7中可以看出,无论老化前后,完全溶胀样品的I最高,线型对比样品次之,部分溶胀与未溶胀样品I最低。SBS在沥青中会不断地吸收轻组分进行溶胀,使得SBS分子链舒展,发生交联反应,随着SBS溶胀程度的增加,SBS会与沥青产生整体的交联结构。综上可知,SBS的溶胀对于网络强度有着增强作用。随着SBS溶胀程度的增加,可提高网络强度,使得完全溶胀的星线共混型SBS改性沥青可与更高SBS掺量的纯线型SBS改性沥青相当。
对平衡后的3种SBS改性沥青分子模型的胶体结构进行分析得到图8。单个SBS分子在沥青质中分散得很好,SBS分子与沥青质紧密接触,共同构建极性胶体核,并被充足的饱和分和芳香分包围。即使完全溶胀的星线共混型SBS改性沥青分子模型中的SBS分子胶体结构分散最广,但对饱和分、芳香分的分散影响不大。因此,完全溶胀SBS改性沥青的纳米结构保留了沥青的胶体结构。
图9为对3种SBS改性沥青模型进行分析后得到的相态分布图与分子快照。
图9(a)显示线型对比样品相图颜色分布均匀且较浅,表明SBS整体在体系内的分布均匀但较为分散,SBS之间的聚集行为较弱,形成的网络结构较弱。图9(b)在没有充分溶胀的情况下出现了线型SBS与星型SBS在某个位置的大分子聚集行为,在SBS聚集的位置相图颜色较深,其余地方则为空白,分布极不均匀。经过充分溶胀的SBS改性沥青图9(c)中SBS整体分布均匀相图颜色更深,形成的网状结构覆盖范围较广且强度更大。从图9(d)~图9(f)可以看出,线型对比样品与未溶胀样品的SBS分子仅为简单的堆叠排列聚集,没有形成强有力的π-π双键。完全溶胀后的SBS聚集行为则表现为线型SBS穿插环绕包围于星型SBS的支链旁,且线型SBS的苯环与星型SBS支链上的苯环形成多个π-π双键,既有平行结构也有垂直结构,宏观上对于改性沥青的体系稳定及性能增强具有十分显著的改善。
径向分布函数的峰值越靠左、峰越高,则表明粒子的聚集越紧密、越强。图10为分子动力学模拟分析所得的径向分布函数曲线。
图10(a)可知,完全溶胀样品SBS与轻组分之间的径向分布函数曲线最高,表明完全溶胀样品的SBS分子与轻组分结合的最好,验证了完全溶胀样品确实达到了较好的溶胀状态,且SBS的完全溶胀加强了SBS网络结构的形成。从图10(b)可以看出,未溶胀样品RDF曲线峰值最小,径向分布函数值最小,而完全溶胀样品在7 Å处有明显的峰,显著高于其他样品的峰值且出现的更早,这证明了SBS的完全溶胀提高了SBS改性沥青体系中SBS的聚集行为,SBS的聚集行为增强则在改性沥青体系中贡献了SBS网络的形成,使其更加稳定。
(1)SBS溶胀程度、溶胀面积随着橡胶油掺量的增加而增加。完全溶胀状态的SBS改性沥青,SBS颗粒分布均匀,大小相似,网络结构状态良好。随着溶胀程度的增加,老化后的SBS溶胀面积衰减更小。
(2)随着SBS溶胀程度的增加,其SBS改性沥青具有优异的常规性能,且抗车辙因子、复数模量、网络强度等流变性能均优于未溶胀样品。
(3)SBS完全溶胀状态的SBS改性沥青分子模型仍保持了原有基质沥青的胶体结构,更加稳定,各组分遵循基质沥青胶体理论,其径向分布函数峰更高, SBS与轻组分分子之间具有良好的交互作用。且SBS的完全溶胀使得SBS苯乙烯端相互连接,形成π-π共轭,提升了SBS网络的韧性。
  • 山东省自然科学基金(ZR2023ME037)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406579
  • 接收时间:2024-09-02
  • 首发时间:2026-05-13
  • 出版时间:2025-07-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-02
  • 修回日期:2025-04-27
基金
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2023ME037)
作者信息
    山东建筑大学交通工程学院, 济南 250101

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* 王鹏(1984—),女,汉族,新疆伊犁人,博士,副教授。研究方向:路面材料。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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