Article(id=1261267656674500674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1261262687258985194, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404591, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1718726400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-19, revisedDate=1744128000000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778639242571, onlineDateStr=2026-05-13, pubDate=1752768000000, pubDateStr=2025-07-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778639242571, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778639242571, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778639242571, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1261262687258985194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='20', pageStart='8317', pageEnd='8759', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778638057769, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778753106634, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1261745237240722095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1261262687258985194, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1261745237240722096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1261262687258985194, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=8552, endPage=8559, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1261267658662600777, articleId=1261267656674500674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Settlement Laws and Prediction Models for Shield Tunneling beneath Old Buildings: Taking Tianjin Metro Line 7 as an Example of Undercrossing Nanmenli Sub-branch, columnId=1156262729162810294, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Automation and Computational Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Shield tunnel construction impacts old buildings in urban areas. Extensive building deformation data was collected for Tianjin Metro Line 7’s shield tunnel passing beneath old buildings using automated measurement robots. Machine learning algorithms were applied to analyze the correlation between building instantaneous settlement and shield construction parameters such as average velocity, thrust, grouting volume, shield distance, and grouting pressure. A predictive model for building settlement was established. The results show that old buildings within -50~70 m are affected by shield construction. Differential settlement is significant, with noticeable differences on various facades. Grouting volume, thrust, and average velocity positively correlate with instantaneous settlement, with shield distance having the greatest impact. Reasonable construction parameters ensure building settlement and deformation remain within acceptable limits. The machine learning-based predictive model closely aligns with actual settlement curves, demonstrating robust predictive capabilities. This provides valuable insights for predicting and controlling surface settlement in future shield tunnel projects.

, correspAuthors=Ze-qi ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ji-wen ZHANG, Ze-qi ZHU, Tuo JIANG, Yang ZHOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1261267667013460090, articleId=1261267656674500674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=盾构下穿老旧建筑物的沉降规律与预测模型:以天津7号线下穿南门里分局为例, columnId=1156262729783567290, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·自动化技术、计算机技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对天津7号线区间盾构隧道下穿老旧建筑物,采用基于测量机器人的自动化监测获取大量建筑物监测变形数据,通过机器学习算法研究了建筑物瞬时沉降与平均速度、推力、注浆量、盾构距离、注浆压力等盾构施工参数之间的关系,并建立建筑物沉降预测模型。结果表明:盾构施工下穿老旧建筑物时,在-50~70 m范围内老旧建筑沉降均会受盾构施工影响;盾构施工诱发差异沉降的重要原因,是建筑物不同立面的沉降差异明显;盾构施工参数注浆量、推力、平均速度与瞬时沉降为正相关关系,其中盾构距离对于建筑物沉降影响最大;盾构隧道下穿老旧建筑物的施工参数合理,建筑物的沉降变形在合理范围内;通过机器学习算法建立的预测模型,其预测沉降曲线与监测实测沉降曲线基本吻合,具有较好的预测能力。为后续盾构隧道施工地表沉降的预测和控制提供参考。

, correspAuthors=朱泽奇, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 朱泽奇(1980—),男,汉族,湖北武汉人,博士,副研究员。研究方向:盾构隧道围岩稳定与结构变形。E-mail:
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张继文(1996—),男,汉族,河南信阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:盾构隧道变形监测与分析。E-mail:

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张继文(1996—),男,汉族,河南信阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:盾构隧道变形监测与分析。E-mail:

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张继文(1996—),男,汉族,河南信阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:盾构隧道变形监测与分析。E-mail:

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Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2024, 61(S1): 404-414., articleTitle=Analysis of the impact of ground layer parameters on surface settlement during shield construction in composite stratum, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1261267696440697152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267656674500674, awardId=U21A20159, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(U21A20159), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1261267668510826625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267656674500674, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261267668540186754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267656674500674, companyId=1261267668510826625, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Architecture and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China), 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figureFileBig=h7m5vFTL742HbqG35KImlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261267696004489530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267656674500674, language=CN, label=图9, caption=监测实测与模型预测的沉降曲线对比图, figureFileSmall=ymadm8h6oCnjjikZFqwklg==, figureFileBig=h7m5vFTL742HbqG35KImlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261267696096764220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267656674500674, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Part of the data of the instantaneous settlement of the building and the shield construction parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
盾构距
离/环
注浆量/
m3
推力/
kN
扭矩/
(kN·m)
平均速度/
(mm·min-1)
瞬时沉降/
mm
1 5.7 15 500 1 000 45 -0.6
2 5.6 15 500 1 100 50 -0.2
3 5.9 15 300 1 200 40 -0.9
4 5.7 15 300 1 200 42 0
5 5.7 15 400 1 200 45 -0.2
6 5.7 15 200 1 260 45 -0.1
7 5.7 15 600 1 200 45 -0.4
8 5.7 15 500 1 100 43 0
9 5.5 16 100 1 250 40 0
10 5.4 15 900 1 150 45 -0.1
11 5.5 15 900 1 200 45 -0.1
12 5.4 16 000 1 080 44 -0.1
13 5.6 15 800 1 150 45 -0.1
14 5.5 16 000 1 150 45 -0.1
15 5.5 16 800 1 250 45 0
16 5.7 18 000 1 200 35 0
17 5.5 17 000 1 230 45 0
18 5.8 17 800 1 350 49 0
19 5.4 17 500 1 000 40 -0.2
20 5.3 17 200 1 100 45 -0.1
), ArticleFig(id=1261267696277119292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267656674500674, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

建筑物瞬时沉降与盾构施工参数的部分数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
盾构距
离/环
注浆量/
m3
推力/
kN
扭矩/
(kN·m)
平均速度/
(mm·min-1)
瞬时沉降/
mm
1 5.7 15 500 1 000 45 -0.6
2 5.6 15 500 1 100 50 -0.2
3 5.9 15 300 1 200 40 -0.9
4 5.7 15 300 1 200 42 0
5 5.7 15 400 1 200 45 -0.2
6 5.7 15 200 1 260 45 -0.1
7 5.7 15 600 1 200 45 -0.4
8 5.7 15 500 1 100 43 0
9 5.5 16 100 1 250 40 0
10 5.4 15 900 1 150 45 -0.1
11 5.5 15 900 1 200 45 -0.1
12 5.4 16 000 1 080 44 -0.1
13 5.6 15 800 1 150 45 -0.1
14 5.5 16 000 1 150 45 -0.1
15 5.5 16 800 1 250 45 0
16 5.7 18 000 1 200 35 0
17 5.5 17 000 1 230 45 0
18 5.8 17 800 1 350 49 0
19 5.4 17 500 1 000 40 -0.2
20 5.3 17 200 1 100 45 -0.1
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盾构下穿老旧建筑物的沉降规律与预测模型:以天津7号线下穿南门里分局为例
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张继文 1, 2 , 朱泽奇 2, 3, * , 蒋拓 4 , 周杨 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·自动化技术、计算机技术 2025,25(20): 8552-8559
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·自动化技术、计算机技术 2025, 25(20): 8552-8559
盾构下穿老旧建筑物的沉降规律与预测模型:以天津7号线下穿南门里分局为例
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张继文1, 2 , 朱泽奇2, 3, * , 蒋拓4, 周杨2
作者信息
  • 1 安徽理工大学土木建筑学院, 淮南 232001
  • 2 中国科学院岩土力学研究所, 武汉 430064
  • 3 水下隧道技术国家地方联合工程研究中心, 武汉 430071
  • 4 中建三局基础设施建设投资有限公司, 天津 300101
  • 张继文(1996—),男,汉族,河南信阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:盾构隧道变形监测与分析。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 朱泽奇(1980—),男,汉族,湖北武汉人,博士,副研究员。研究方向:盾构隧道围岩稳定与结构变形。E-mail:
Settlement Laws and Prediction Models for Shield Tunneling beneath Old Buildings: Taking Tianjin Metro Line 7 as an Example of Undercrossing Nanmenli Sub-branch
Ji-wen ZHANG1, 2 , Ze-qi ZHU2, 3, * , Tuo JIANG4, Yang ZHOU2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Architecture and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
  • 2 The Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
  • 3 National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Underwater Tunnel Technology, Wuhan 430071, China
  • 4 China Construction Third Bureau Infrastructure Construction Investment Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300101, China
出版时间: 2025-07-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404591
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针对天津7号线区间盾构隧道下穿老旧建筑物,采用基于测量机器人的自动化监测获取大量建筑物监测变形数据,通过机器学习算法研究了建筑物瞬时沉降与平均速度、推力、注浆量、盾构距离、注浆压力等盾构施工参数之间的关系,并建立建筑物沉降预测模型。结果表明:盾构施工下穿老旧建筑物时,在-50~70 m范围内老旧建筑沉降均会受盾构施工影响;盾构施工诱发差异沉降的重要原因,是建筑物不同立面的沉降差异明显;盾构施工参数注浆量、推力、平均速度与瞬时沉降为正相关关系,其中盾构距离对于建筑物沉降影响最大;盾构隧道下穿老旧建筑物的施工参数合理,建筑物的沉降变形在合理范围内;通过机器学习算法建立的预测模型,其预测沉降曲线与监测实测沉降曲线基本吻合,具有较好的预测能力。为后续盾构隧道施工地表沉降的预测和控制提供参考。

盾构隧道  /  自动化监测  /  建筑物沉降  /  施工参数  /  机器学习

Shield tunnel construction impacts old buildings in urban areas. Extensive building deformation data was collected for Tianjin Metro Line 7’s shield tunnel passing beneath old buildings using automated measurement robots. Machine learning algorithms were applied to analyze the correlation between building instantaneous settlement and shield construction parameters such as average velocity, thrust, grouting volume, shield distance, and grouting pressure. A predictive model for building settlement was established. The results show that old buildings within -50~70 m are affected by shield construction. Differential settlement is significant, with noticeable differences on various facades. Grouting volume, thrust, and average velocity positively correlate with instantaneous settlement, with shield distance having the greatest impact. Reasonable construction parameters ensure building settlement and deformation remain within acceptable limits. The machine learning-based predictive model closely aligns with actual settlement curves, demonstrating robust predictive capabilities. This provides valuable insights for predicting and controlling surface settlement in future shield tunnel projects.

shield tunnel  /  automatic monitoring  /  building settlement  /  construction parameters  /  machine learning
张继文, 朱泽奇, 蒋拓, 周杨. 盾构下穿老旧建筑物的沉降规律与预测模型:以天津7号线下穿南门里分局为例. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (20) : 8552 -8559 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404591
Ji-wen ZHANG, Ze-qi ZHU, Tuo JIANG, Yang ZHOU. Settlement Laws and Prediction Models for Shield Tunneling beneath Old Buildings: Taking Tianjin Metro Line 7 as an Example of Undercrossing Nanmenli Sub-branch[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (20) : 8552 -8559 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404591
随着中国城市化水平不断提高,不可避免地出现交通紧张现象,地铁的建设在一定程度上可以缓解交通拥堵[1-2]。目前,盾构法施工因其对地面沉降影响小、机械化程度高、施工安全性强、施工进度快等优势,已成为修建城市地铁最主要的施工方法,但同时,盾构隧道下(侧)穿既有建构筑物,可能引起建构筑物发生较大变形甚至开裂,影响其正常使用,这是盾构施工中面临的重要难题[3-4]。尤其对于一些老旧建筑物,由于历史悠久,结构老旧,缺乏有效的加固措施,盾构施工可能造成的风险应引起特别重视。因此,对地铁盾构隧道施工下穿既有建筑物开展沉降监测、分析沉降规律、建立沉降预测模型,对于优化盾构施工参数以及保障施工安全是非常有必要的[5-7]
目前,许多学者和工程师对盾构隧道下(侧)穿既有建筑物引起的沉降开展了相关的研究和工程实践。刘香等[8]以北京某地铁穿越CFG桩基复合地基工程为例,研究盾构隧道开挖沉降规律,提出了沉降变形允许值。何况[9]以郑州地铁五号线下穿条形钢筋混凝土扩展基础为例,提出了建筑物差异沉降控制值和变形控制值。张玉华[10]以某地铁盾构隧道下穿高层建筑物桩基为例,分析了盾构下(侧)穿对既有高层建筑物的变形和沉降规律。对于下穿老旧建筑物浅基础的沉降规律和变形研究还比较少,梁超强等[11]针对太原地区汾河漫滩地层盾构下穿浅基础建筑物,分析了建筑物存在与否以及建筑物刚度对于沉降规律的影响。刘柄呈等[12]以太原地铁2号线侧穿公交公司家属楼工程为例,对盾构近距离侧穿建筑物引起的沉降规律进行了数值模拟研究。总的来说,虽然盾构下穿或侧穿老旧建筑物的案例很多,但对于如何确定施工参数以及预测其沉降变形,目前相关的研究不多,类似的工程经验总结还较少。并且传统的监测方法往往存在监测效率低、数据不准确等问题,难以满足现代盾构施工对高精度、实时监测的需求。全自动监测技术能够实现对盾构施工过程的持续、高精度监测,及时捕捉建筑物的沉降变化,为施工风险控制提供有力支持。同时,面对盾构施工下穿老旧建筑物时复杂的沉降变形问题,仅凭经验判断难以准确预测和控制沉降变形。因此,结合盾构施工参数与建筑物瞬时沉降数据样本,运用机器学习算法,构建盾构下穿老旧建筑物的沉降预测模型成为必要之举。
鉴于此,针对盾构隧道下穿老旧建筑物开展自动化监测,分析盾构下穿过程中老旧建筑物的沉降规律,进一步结合盾构施工参数与建筑物瞬时沉降数据样本,通过机器学习算法得到盾构下穿老旧建筑物的沉降预测模型,可为类似老旧建筑物的盾构施工风险控制以及盾构施工参数优化提供借鉴与参考。
本工程为天津地铁7号线一期八标,鼓楼站~广东会馆站区间地铁盾构隧道,采用单洞单线隧道,左右线各一条盾构法隧道,隧道结构内径5.9 m、外径6.6 m、总长约400 m,区间左右线平行布置,线间距为13~17.2 m;线路平面自鼓楼站直线出发后,途径2个半径350 m的曲线段,而后曲线进入广东会馆站;右线以2‰、25.349‰的坡度上坡到底广东会馆站,左线以2‰、25.43‰的坡度上坡到达广东会馆站;隧道结构顶部覆土厚度为10.8~19.8 m。
该区域左线在190~215环,右线在196~215环下穿天津市电信公司南门里分局,其中区间右线在190~215环下穿南门里分局机房属于Ⅱ级风险源。南门里分局二层建筑修建于1920年,采用浅基础,无圈梁、结构柱等抗变形结构。图1(a)为南门里分局与盾构隧道的平面关系图。区间穿越段结构顶距地面最小垂直距离为约16 m。土层从上往下依次为杂填土、粉质黏土、黏质粉土、粉砂、黏质粉土,穿越地层主要为粉质黏土。图1(b)为南门里分局与盾构隧道剖面关系图。
针对天津市电信公司南门里分局二层老旧建筑,采用起迈安全开发的QimMoS变形监测安全预警系统进行了自动化监测。系统由采集设备(自动化全站仪、传感器等)、监测网关(QimBox和QimIoT)、监测平台(QimMoS)组成。系统可以实现24 h无人化的自动化监测,预设的监测流程,实时浏览监测数据和实时的数据预警。
南门里分局建筑整体形状呈倒“L”形,长边与盾构隧道前进方向接近平行,短边与盾构隧道方向近似垂直。将设站点设置在稳定位置,使其与变形区具有足够距离,在设站点上设置自动化全站仪,通过全站仪进行实时监测,利用软件对数据进行加工处理,获取累积沉降和差异沉降。根据现场实际情况,结合盾构隧道的施工影响范围,南门里分局建筑物的监测点布设如图2所示,监测点布设在建筑外墙,共14个监测点,各监测点与全站仪距离均小于50 m,由于建筑物老旧,根据需要对监测点采取加密布设,相邻间距2~3 m。当盾构隧道距南门里分局建筑物约100 m时开始监测,监测频率为1次/h。
图3为盾构通过南门里分局后引起的建筑物监测点累计沉降。可以看出,监测点Z-1~Z-7与盾构隧道相距较远,累计沉降量接近,均表现为略微隆起;监测点Z-8~Z-14与盾构隧道相距较近,主要表现为沉降变形,且距盾构隧道越近,沉降量会逐渐增大,最大的沉降变形发生在Z-14监测点处,约5 mm。
图4为盾构通过南门里分局的部分监测点的全过程位移-时间曲线。可以看出,盾构左线于2023年10月1—7日(0~150 h)缓慢接近南门里分局老旧建筑物,各监测点均变现为隆起变形,且离隧道越近,其隆起变形越大,最大约1.5 mm;在2023年10月8—10日(150~225 h)下穿南门里分局,监测点Z-1~Z-8开始持续隆起,监测点Z-9在沉降量0 mm处波动,整体略微隆起,监测点Z-10至Z-14开始快速下沉,且距盾构隧道越近沉降变化越明显;在2023年10月11—15日(225~350 h),监测点Z-1~Z-8隆起速度变缓逐渐趋于稳定,监测点Z-9在盾构通过后沉降变化较小,监测点Z-10监测点Z-14在盾构通过后沉降速度变缓逐渐趋于稳定。
需要指出的是,图4沉降曲线在监测时间段为220~240 h有短暂隆起,这主要是因为在这个时段发现部分同步注浆不足,采用水泥-水玻璃双液浆通过管片中部的注浆孔进行二次注浆,监测点Z-1距离较远,隆起较小,监测点Z-14距离最近,隆起最显著。
为了更好地分析盾构施工过程中老旧建筑物的沉降规律,在监测点Z-14的隧道横断面处设置参考面,代表盾构机距0环,来研究盾构机从-50环施工至80环(每环为1.2 m)引起的建筑物沉降。同时为了更好地了解盾构施工参数对建筑物瞬时沉降的影响规律,对相关数据进行了处理,排除了二次注浆引起的短暂隆起对整体沉降的影响。图5给出了监测点Z-14随盾构施工的沉降变化曲线,可以看出,-50环(-60 m)~0环,Z-14整体呈隆起趋势;0~70(84 m)环Z-14整体呈下沉趋势,70环(84 m)以后沉降趋于稳定。
图6给出了不同位置的所有监测点在盾构施工过程中的沉降变化曲线,可以看出,老旧建筑物长边上监测点Z-1~Z-7累计沉降均匀,建筑呈整体隆起。建筑物短边上监测点Z-8~Z-14累计沉降变化较大,因此建筑两侧差异沉降明显。在盾构隧道接近-下穿-通过的整个过程中,建筑物长边与短边的变化规律也有较大区别,建筑物长边主要表现为轻微隆起-持续隆起-趋于稳定;建筑物长短边交汇处主要表现为轻微的隆起变形,且在施工过程中数据变化较小;建筑物短边主要表现为缓慢隆起-快速下沉-缓慢下沉趋于稳定。
图6可知,盾构隧道下穿南门里电信局引起的建筑物沉降较小,其最大差异沉降经计算为0.000 21,二者均小于规范要求的变形控制值,说明天津地铁7号线的盾构隧道施工参数的控制比较合理,有效地减小了对土体的扰动,从而避免了老旧建筑物的变形倾斜。因此,有必要总结好的经验,结合丰富的现场监测数据探究盾构施工参数对于下穿建筑物沉降的影响规律,这对于开展类似的建筑物沉降预测,降低盾构隧道施工带来的周边环境风险具有重要意义。马婷婷[13]对盾构施工参数对沉降变形影响规律进行研究,确定刀盘扭矩、总推力、土仓压力、推进速度、注浆量、注浆压力、出土量、刀盘转速对地表沉降的影响。王宇哲[14]基于统计机器学习的盾构隧道地表沉降预测模型及优化方法进行研究,采用土仓压力、总推力、刀盘扭矩、施工速度、出土量、注浆压力、注浆量等盾构参数对地表沉降的影响。上述研究均采用累计沉降量建立预测模型,但是在下穿建筑物过程中,盾构施工参数并非是一成不变的,其数据具有明显的时间特性,因此在建立沉降预测模型的数据样本时存在较大的不确定性。考虑到上述问题,采用建筑物的瞬时沉降以及对建筑物沉降影响较大的平均速度、推力、注浆量、盾构距离、注浆压力5个盾构施工参数形成数据样本,来建立建筑物沉降的预测模型。
Z-14监测点位于隧道正上方,且沉降变化最明显,故选用盾构机穿越Z-14监测点下方开始至前方80环的建筑物沉降数据作为研究对象,来建立建筑物瞬时沉降与主要盾构施工参数之间的关系。盾构施工每环为1.2 m,由于盾构施工推进平均速度、管片的安装等施工工序所需要的时间不同,自动化监测的监测周期为1 h,盾构施工1环的时间会跨越多个监测周期,对于跨越多个监测周期的瞬时沉降数据则取其平均值作为该环的瞬时沉降,表1中列出了部分盾构施工参数与对应的建筑物瞬时沉降的数据。
首先,对盾构施工参数盾构距离X1、注浆量X2、推力X3、扭矩X4、平均速度X5进行归一化处理,即
${X}_{n}^{\mathrm{*}}$=$\frac{{x}_{n}-\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\left(x\right)}{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}\left(x\right)-\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\left(x\right)}$
式(1)中:${X}_{n}^{\mathrm{*}}$为归一化的数据;Xn为原始数据;max(x)为原始数据中最大值;min(x)为原始数据中最小值。
结合文献[13-14]可建立Z-14监测点瞬时沉降Y与施工参数Xn之间的经验表达式,沉降变形向下为负,为了方便研究各施工参数对其量值的影响,以瞬时沉降Y的绝对值建立表达式,可表示为

Y=ω1X1+ω2X2+ω3X3+ω4X4+ω5X5+b

式(2)中:ωn为回归系数;b为截距。
Xn=0,实际工程中表示盾构达到参考面还未进行后续施工,其产生的瞬时沉降应为0,因此式(2)中b=0。进一步使用Python所带的Sklearn机器学习对式(2)进行训练,图7为机器学习的具体流程图。将前述80组数据集划分为训练集和测试集,训练集占70%,测试集占30%,采用多元普通最小二乘法(ordinary least square,OLS)回归模型,是一种用于在线性回归模型中预测未知参数的方法,通过最小化残差的平方和以寻求函数的最优参数,确保模型的预测值最接近真实值,其表达式见式(3)。
Min:L(ω)=$\stackrel{N}{\sum _{i=1}}$(Yi-$\stackrel{M}{\sum _{j=0}}$ωnxij)2
式(3)中:YiY的第i个数据样本;xijxj的第i个数据样本,xi0=1;ωn为式(2)中的求解系数。
通过机器学习获得式(2)的求解系数ωn,即各盾构参数的权重,其中盾构距离权重ω1为0.275、注浆量ω2为0.104、推力ω3为-0.129、扭矩ω4为0.161、平均速度ω5为-0.093。
经验关系式为

Y=0.275X1+0.104X2-0.129X3+0.161X4-0.093X5-0.204

由式(3)可知,推力、平均速度与瞬时沉降为正相关关系,盾构距离、注浆量、扭矩与瞬时沉降为负相关关系,其中盾构距离的权重最大,表示其对瞬时沉降的影响最大,这与文献[15-16]的研究一致。图8为盾构施工相关参数权重占比图,模型预测性能评估采用均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)、均方误差(mean-square error, MSE),RMSE为0.016,MSE为0.125,可见拟合程度较高。利用上述所得预测模型关系式,采用与实测数值相同的盾构参数,对瞬时沉降进行预测。图9为监测实测值与模型预测值的沉降曲线对比,可认为二者变化趋势基本一致,数据比较吻合。所提出的多元OLS回归模型具有良好的工程实用性,一方面,可以通过给定的盾构施工参数对瞬时沉降进行预测;另一方面,通过控制瞬时沉降的大小对盾构施工参数进行优化,对于提升施工效率、保障上层建筑安全、保证盾构施工顺利进行意义重大。
(1)针对天津7号线区间隧道盾构下穿老旧建筑物,采用测量机器人开展全过程自动化监测。监测结果表明,相对于测量机器人设站点,建筑物最大隆起变形约1.5 mm,最大沉降量约5 mm。盾构距离建筑物约-50 m时,建筑物开始隆起变形,盾构通过建筑物约70 m时,建筑物沉降趋于稳定。建筑物不同立面的沉降特征存在较大差异,是诱发建筑物差异沉降的重要原因。总的来说,监测结果说明天津地铁7号线盾构隧道下穿老旧建筑物的施工参数合理,对于老旧建筑物的变形控制具有重要参考与借鉴意义。
(2)结合天津7号线区间隧道盾构下穿老旧建筑物的全天候、全过程自动化监测数据,提炼盾构下穿建筑物的瞬时沉降与相应盾构施工参数的数据样本,通过机器学习算法建立瞬时沉降与盾构施工参数之间的函数关系,研究表明,盾构距离、注浆量、扭矩与瞬时沉降为负相关关系,其中盾构距离对于建筑物沉降影响最大。在此基础上建立建筑物沉降预测模型,并将模型预测的沉降值与监测实测的沉降曲线对比,数据基本吻合度,说明相关经验关系和预测模型具有较好的推广应用价值。
  • 国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(U21A20159)
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2025年第25卷第20期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404591
  • 接收时间:2024-06-19
  • 首发时间:2026-05-13
  • 出版时间:2025-07-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-19
  • 修回日期:2025-04-09
基金
国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(U21A20159)
作者信息
    1 安徽理工大学土木建筑学院, 淮南 232001
    2 中国科学院岩土力学研究所, 武汉 430064
    3 水下隧道技术国家地方联合工程研究中心, 武汉 430071
    4 中建三局基础设施建设投资有限公司, 天津 300101

通讯作者:

* 朱泽奇(1980—),男,汉族,湖北武汉人,博士,副研究员。研究方向:盾构隧道围岩稳定与结构变形。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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