Article(id=1261267655848222781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1261262687258985194, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406377, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1722700800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-04, revisedDate=1745251200000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778639242373, onlineDateStr=2026-05-13, pubDate=1752768000000, pubDateStr=2025-07-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778639242373, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778639242373, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778639242373, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1261262687258985194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='20', pageStart='8317', pageEnd='8759', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778638057769, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778753106634, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1261745237240722095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1261262687258985194, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1261745237240722096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1261262687258985194, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=8615, endPage=8623, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1261267656645140545, articleId=1261267655848222781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Optimization of Air Flow Structure of Odor Collection Hood in Sewage Treatment Plant, columnId=1156262729917780302, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the development of urbanization, the number and scale of sewage treatment plants are increasing, and the effective collection of odor generated by them is of great significance to prevent odor leakage, protect the environment and reduce energy consumption. The influence of structural parameters (different tube bundle positions, different tube bundle numbers, different pipe diameters) and operating parameters (suction flow) on the internal flow field of the odor collection hood of a sewage treatment plant was studied by numerical simulation. The results show that when the tube bundle is placed at the very edge of the air collecting hood, the number of suction pipes is three, the diameter of pipe is 150 mm, and the suction flow range is 3.63 kg/s to 5.71 kg/s, the airflow structure in the cavity is the best, the odor concentration is the lowest, and the suction effect is the best.

, correspAuthors=Qing-zhong YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xing-bo LI, Hao-chu ZHANG, Wen-qing ZHAO, Meng LI, Qing-zhong YANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1261267672575107251, articleId=1261267655848222781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=污水处理厂臭气收集罩气流组织优化, columnId=1156262730517565784, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·建筑科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

随着城市化进展,污水处理厂的数量与规模在日益增多,有效收集其产生的臭气对防止臭气泄露、保护环境以及降低能耗有重要意义。采用数值模拟方法,研究污水处理厂臭气收集罩的结构参数(不同管束位置、不同管束数量、不同管径大小)及运行参数(抽吸流量)对于内部流场的影响规律。结果表明:当管束位置布置在集气罩最边处、抽气管数量为3根、管径为150 mm、抽气流量区间在3.63~5.71 kg/s时,腔体内气流组织分布最优,臭气的浓度最低,抽吸效果最佳。

, correspAuthors=杨庆忠, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 杨庆忠(1987—),男,汉族,河北张家口人,博士,讲师。研究方向:气液两相流。E-mail:
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李星泊(1988—),男,汉族,辽宁辽阳人,博士,讲师。研究方向:水合物蓄冷、多孔介质传热传质。E-mail:

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2 天津商业大学冷冻冷藏技术教育部工程研究中心, 天津 300134, bio={"content":"

李星泊(1988—),男,汉族,辽宁辽阳人,博士,讲师。研究方向:水合物蓄冷、多孔介质传热传质。E-mail:

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李星泊(1988—),男,汉族,辽宁辽阳人,博士,讲师。研究方向:水合物蓄冷、多孔介质传热传质。E-mail:

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journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267655848222781, language=CN, label=图13, caption=不同速度所对应质量流量下位置3与距中心线3 m处切片压力场及速度场, figureFileSmall=REWG3+YhUJ/Xqqv9MdxesQ==, figureFileBig=P5TGpxeMrwbZF9Udpx0+iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377102591439547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267655848222781, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Longitudinal sections along the suction tube at mass flow rates corresponding to different speeds, figureFileSmall=wq763EUlBJpqsCmkfk1G0A==, figureFileBig=ZW1ZiJlIdoPQgRw9shOOJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377102750823105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267655848222781, language=CN, label=图14, caption=不同速度所对应质量流量下沿吸气管纵向切片, figureFileSmall=wq763EUlBJpqsCmkfk1G0A==, figureFileBig=ZW1ZiJlIdoPQgRw9shOOJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377102977315524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267655848222781, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Comparison of different pumping flows, figureFileSmall=AwgnJt+WHSTdz2NVl1zkbw==, figureFileBig=sQCFLo7iagBpvvBqW45Uqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377103153476299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267655848222781, language=CN, label=图15, caption=不同抽气流量比较, figureFileSmall=AwgnJt+WHSTdz2NVl1zkbw==, figureFileBig=sQCFLo7iagBpvvBqW45Uqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377103350608590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267655848222781, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Air volume fraction corresponding to different grid numbers

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网格数 空气体积分数
933 397 0.777 243 4
1 099 151 0.973 448 6
1 306 588 0.974 079 2
1 776 418 0.978 349 4
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不同网格数所对应的空气体积分数

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网格数 空气体积分数
933 397 0.777 243 4
1 099 151 0.973 448 6
1 306 588 0.974 079 2
1 776 418 0.978 349 4
), ArticleFig(id=1261377104835392218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267655848222781, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Location of different tube bundles

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名称 位置
位置1 管束位于几何体中心线
位置2 管束距中心线2.75 m
位置3 管束距中心线4.71 m
), ArticleFig(id=1261377104952832734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267655848222781, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同管束布置方位

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 位置
位置1 管束位于几何体中心线
位置2 管束距中心线2.75 m
位置3 管束距中心线4.71 m
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污水处理厂臭气收集罩气流组织优化
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李星泊 1, 2 , 张皓初 1, 2 , 赵文清 1, 2 , 李萌 3 , 杨庆忠 1, 2, *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(20): 8615-8623
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(20): 8615-8623
污水处理厂臭气收集罩气流组织优化
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李星泊1, 2 , 张皓初1, 2, 赵文清1, 2, 李萌3, 杨庆忠1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1 天津商业大学农业农村部农产品低碳冷链重点实验室; 天津 300134
  • 2 天津商业大学冷冻冷藏技术教育部工程研究中心, 天津 300134
  • 3 北京新林水务科技有限公司, 北京 101300
  • 李星泊(1988—),男,汉族,辽宁辽阳人,博士,讲师。研究方向:水合物蓄冷、多孔介质传热传质。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 杨庆忠(1987—),男,汉族,河北张家口人,博士,讲师。研究方向:气液两相流。E-mail:
Optimization of Air Flow Structure of Odor Collection Hood in Sewage Treatment Plant
Xing-bo LI1, 2 , Hao-chu ZHANG1, 2, Wen-qing ZHAO1, 2, Meng LI3, Qing-zhong YANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Cold Chain for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
  • 2 Engineering Research Center of Refrigeration Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
  • 3 Beijing Synling Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101300, China
出版时间: 2025-07-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406377
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随着城市化进展,污水处理厂的数量与规模在日益增多,有效收集其产生的臭气对防止臭气泄露、保护环境以及降低能耗有重要意义。采用数值模拟方法,研究污水处理厂臭气收集罩的结构参数(不同管束位置、不同管束数量、不同管径大小)及运行参数(抽吸流量)对于内部流场的影响规律。结果表明:当管束位置布置在集气罩最边处、抽气管数量为3根、管径为150 mm、抽气流量区间在3.63~5.71 kg/s时,腔体内气流组织分布最优,臭气的浓度最低,抽吸效果最佳。

臭气  /  气流组织  /  速度场  /  浓度场  /  收集系统结构

With the development of urbanization, the number and scale of sewage treatment plants are increasing, and the effective collection of odor generated by them is of great significance to prevent odor leakage, protect the environment and reduce energy consumption. The influence of structural parameters (different tube bundle positions, different tube bundle numbers, different pipe diameters) and operating parameters (suction flow) on the internal flow field of the odor collection hood of a sewage treatment plant was studied by numerical simulation. The results show that when the tube bundle is placed at the very edge of the air collecting hood, the number of suction pipes is three, the diameter of pipe is 150 mm, and the suction flow range is 3.63 kg/s to 5.71 kg/s, the airflow structure in the cavity is the best, the odor concentration is the lowest, and the suction effect is the best.

odor  /  air flow organization  /  velocity field  /  concentration field  /  collection system structure
李星泊, 张皓初, 赵文清, 李萌, 杨庆忠. 污水处理厂臭气收集罩气流组织优化. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (20) : 8615 -8623 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406377
Xing-bo LI, Hao-chu ZHANG, Wen-qing ZHAO, Meng LI, Qing-zhong YANG. Optimization of Air Flow Structure of Odor Collection Hood in Sewage Treatment Plant[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (20) : 8615 -8623 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406377
城镇污水处理厂在处理过程中会产生大量的恶臭气体,这些气体主要来源于污水中有机物的分解和化学反应。常见的恶臭气体包括硫化氢、氨气、挥发性脂肪酸和其他有机化合物[1-2],这些臭气不仅对周围环境造成污染,还可能对公众健康产生负面影响[3]。因此,有效的臭气收集和处理成为了污水处理厂设计和运营的重要组成部分。
针对特殊工厂、污水处理厂等场所臭气收集处理系统,戴志海等[4]在冰洁净车间,通过对洁净风柜布置方案和不同运行工况的模拟对比,得出结论,当送风角度为45°,换气次数为30次/h时,洁净车间生产区域的环境参数最佳。姚尧等[5]研究发现,在收集口处对于风量的要求不是越大越优,采用大风量的末端抽吸系统形成负压的意义实际上大于有效收集臭气组分的意义,能形成有效密封负压的最小抽吸风量之外的额外抽吸风量会对运行能耗造成浪费。陈欢[6]对于栅间的送风系统以及在考虑格栅开口有臭气不断释放的条件下,送风系统对室内的影响进行分析,并探讨了格栅间的最佳排风方式。王彬等[7] 采用数值模拟方法对污水处理厂离子通风系统及气流组织进行模拟计算,得到相比于传统通风除臭,离子通风效果更好,除臭效果更佳,可最低节约18.6%的能耗。潘建华[8]侧重点为臭源的控制,遵循“以臭源控制为重点,大空间排风为辅助”的原则对废气进行收集及处理。排风量与送风量之比为1.16,保证整个车间呈负压状态,防止废气散逸污染外界环境。黄煜等[9]比较了4种气流组织形式对工业建筑的通风降温特性,提出了一种水平热分层的热环境控制方法。朱冬雪等[10]对于污水泵站格栅间排风口布局研究中得出,共同送风口虽然给室内带来了更多的新风, 但其通风方式使得气流在格栅内造成大量的扰动, 加重了室内臭气的流动, 反而给室内工作人员带来更剧烈的臭气刺激。周斌等[11]对于流场速度对于除臭效果的影响作出研究分析得出单纯依据换气次数得出的设计方案常出现系统运行能耗高、实际通风效果不佳等问题。为了充分发挥除臭系统的功能,应该更加重视送排风管道的设计和优化。孙辉[12]在对于车间气流组织优化研究中,发现初始气流组织高温区域较多空气龄较大,能量利用系数不高等结果,提出优化方案。Chen等[13]研究表明,局部排风是污染控制的重要方法,排风罩的类型和罩面的气流组织对污染控制效果有重要影响。当引擎盖面较大时,很难在引擎盖面处形成均匀的气流分布,在此基础上进行模拟优化。谭斌等[14]应用计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)技术对于负压病房气流组织进行数值模拟及分析优化,得到更佳的通风方案,以减少病菌扩散,降低污染物浓度从而保护病房内医护人员的安全。Kang等[15]对于送风的方式进行模拟研究,发现为提高气流分布的均匀性。相比之下,侧向排风口与耕作区域之间的垂直距离被发现具有可忽略的影响。采用此送风方式可大大提高效率。
总体来看,针对工厂及车间的臭气收集系统的风量调节、通风方式等方面的研究已经取得了一定的进展。随着中国城镇化与工业化进程,城镇污水规模逐年增加,污水处理量越来越大,国家对环境保护重视程度也在不断加强,其对污水排放的标准也不断提高,为缓解日益严峻的水污染问题,进一步提升水环境质量,不同区域的城镇污水处理厂开始执行地表水准Ⅳ类或准Ⅲ类排放标准[16]。美国基于技术的排放限值(TBELs)和基于水质的排放限值(WQBELs)制定了两套排放标准体系[17]。欧盟按照处理规模(人口当量)分层次规划了污水处理厂的排放标准[18]。然而对于中外污水处理厂臭气收集罩的设计尚缺乏相关标准。对于臭气的排放与治理多集中在后处理的收集监测。大型臭气收集罩在工程中的应用日益增多,其气流组织不当会导致臭气向环境扩散造成环境污染[19],使得臭气在收集系统内的局部积聚,增加安全风险。单方面的增加抽吸量会使后处理系统的能源消耗增加[20-22]。然而,对大型臭气收集罩内部气流组织的研究相对较少,最后,随着环境保护法规的日益严格,臭气收集系统的气流组织的优化有助于污水处理厂满足更高的环境排放标准,对实现城镇绿色、低碳发展、保护公众健康和环境具有重要意义。
中国对于大型污水处理厂的盖板选择常采用拱形设计,拱形设计有受力均匀、节省材料、外观协调及耐久性高等优点。现以典型拱形盖板的大型臭气收集罩为研究对象,对不同抽气管排布方式、抽气管数量、管径大小以及抽气流量下,臭气收集罩内的气流组织进行系统研究,以期提出最佳抽气罩结构参数及运行条件,为工程设计提供理论参考。
使用SpaceClaim软件绘制收集系统几何模型,如图1所示,最底部为臭气挥发面,底部为长34 m,宽11 m,高1.5 m的长方形,在长方体上方安置一个拱形盖,弧度角为60.94°,弧长半径为10.86 m,几何体前后各开有三面小窗,窗长0.6 m,宽0.4 m,窗间隔1.1 m,距水平面高度为1.7 m。
使用ICEM软件对几何模型进行网格划分,本文模型采用非结构化网格化分。对窗口管壁及出口等进行局部网格加密,最终生成网格数量为1 306 588,生成节点数量为226 856。为了验证网格无关性,分别生成网格数量为933 397、1 099 151、1 776 418,所对应的空气的平均体积分数如表1所示。可以看出,当网格数位于1 099 151~176 418时,所对应的空气体积分数偏差不超过1%,因此选择网格数量为1 306 588。
(1)污水处理厂的臭气主要成分包括硫化物(H2S)、氨(NH3)及部分具有挥发性的有机化合物,其中H2S和NH3具有强烈刺激性气味,对人体有严重的危害,假设臭气主要成分为H2S和NH3
(2)NH3的挥发量与H2S的挥发量成正比,探究臭气分布时主要研究NH3的浓度分布。
(3)各壁面结构稳定不与气体发生化学反应,壁面与外界绝热。
(1)连续性方程。
$\nabla(\rho \boldsymbol{\nu})=0$
式(1)中:ρ为混合气体密度;ν为各方向速度。
(2)动量方程。
$\nabla(\rho \boldsymbol{\nu} \boldsymbol{\nu})=-\nabla p+\nabla \mu\left[\left(\nabla \boldsymbol{\nu}+\nabla \boldsymbol{\nu}^{\mathrm{T}}\right)\right]+\rho \boldsymbol{g}$
式(2)中:μ为流体的动力黏度;p为静压;g为重力加速度。
(3)能量方程。
$\nabla[\boldsymbol{\nu}(\rho E+p)]=\nabla\left(k_{\mathrm{eff}} \nabla T-\sum_{i} h_{j} \boldsymbol{J}_{j}\right)$
式(3)中:E为能量;keff为能量传导率;T为温度;Jj为物质扩散通量;hj为焓值。
(4)组分运输方程。
$\nabla\left(\rho \boldsymbol{v} Y_{i}\right)=-\nabla\left[-\left(\rho D_{i, \mathrm{~m}}+\frac{\mu_{t}}{S c_{t}}\right) \nabla Y_{i}-D_{T, i} \frac{\nabla T}{T}\right]$
式(4)中:Yi为物质的质量分数;Di,m为混合物中物质i的质量扩散系数;μt为湍流黏度系数;Sct为湍流施密特数;DT,i为热扩散系数。
湍流模型的选取为SST k-omega模型。流体的选择为NH3、H2S和空气。具体边界条件如下。
(1)壁面无滑移,各壁面为绝热。
(2)水平面为第一入口面,6个窗口为第2入口面,横向管束只有一侧为出口面,剩余所有管束定义为管壁。
(3)出口条件,设为质量流量出口。质量流量大小随着管径和流速而改变。
(4)入口边界条件主要包括两部分,窗口为静压入口,空气含量为100%,温度设定为300 K。底部为臭气的质量流量入口,在此模型中只考虑NH3和H2S,H2S的产生速率为28.5 mg/(m2·h),密度为1.48 kg/m3,NH3的产生速率为41.8 mg/(m2·h),密度为0.689 4 kg/m3,即得氨气和硫化氢的质量流量分别为2.96×10-6 kg/s、4.34×10-6 kg/s。总入口质量流量为7.3×10-6 kg/s,氨气的质量分数为0.59,硫化氢的质量分数为0.41。流动过程中温度为300 K。
当出气口质量流量一定时,选取3种管束布置方式,如表2图2所示。比较不同管束位置下腔体内压力场及速度场的变换规律,对应臭气抽吸效果的影响,从而确定最佳管束排布位置。
分别取3种位置下距中心线3 m位置处切片,如图2所示。当管束位于位置1时,在最右侧区域会形成一个较大负压区,如图3(a)所示。由于负压区靠近右侧通风口,结合速度场可以看出,其导致直接吸入大量空气,无法形成对液面上方臭气有效卷吸。随着管束位置向位置3移动时,负压区逐渐变小,通过速度场可发现,此时,对于臭气水平面的卷吸效果最强,可使更多的臭气经抽吸排出,如图3(c)所示。
对比不同位置沿吸气管纵向切片氨气浓度云图(图4)可知,腔体内臭气主要沉积于液面上方,因此,当抽气管位于位置3时,对臭气水平面上方气体的有效卷吸有利于对臭气的高效抽吸。从图5可以看出,从位置1改为位置3布置时臭气平均浓度减小47.2%。即当出口质量流量一定时,管束位于位置3时,抽吸效果最佳。
当出口质量流量一定时,不同管束的数量对于抽气效率会造成不同的影响通过对比1~4根管束的排布方式下,压力场与速度场的变化规律,对于臭气抽吸效果的影响,得出最优管数排布,图6为不同管数排列方式。
当抽气管数为单根时,腔体内只有吸气管下方部分可以有效地参与抽吸,腔体其他空间抽吸效果不明显,且对臭气底部无明显的卷吸效果,如图7(a)所示。当抽气管为两根时,两管束之间会形成负压区,通过流线走向可发现,臭气在此处不能有效排出,腔体内其余空间,对于臭气无明显的卷吸效果。如图7(b)所示。当抽气管为3根时,腔体内压力场分布均匀,气流从臭气挥发面经过,对臭气水平面有明显的卷吸效果,如图7(c)所示。当抽气管束为4根时,最左侧管束下方出现较大涡旋,其余管束下方对于臭气水平面有较为明显的卷吸效果,如图7(d)所示。
对比不同吸气管数纵向氨气浓度切片可发现,当吸气管数为单根时,由于单根管束的抽吸作用,臭气主要集中在吸气管束下方如图8(a)所示。当吸气管数为两根时,由于两管束之间负压区的存在,导致臭气向两管束之间集中,无法有效排出,如图8(b)所示。当吸气管数为3根时,腔体内臭气浓度从下向上呈阶梯状分布,如图8(c)所示。当吸气管数为4根时,由于在最左侧管束下方形成涡旋,对于水平面臭气的卷吸效果更加强烈,故在最左侧管束下方臭气的浓度大于其余管束下方,其余管束下方臭气浓度分布从下向上呈现阶梯状分布,如图8(d)所示。从图9可以看出,当抽气管数由2根变为3根时,腔体内部臭气浓度下降94.3%。当管束由3根变为4根时,臭气的浓度变化不大。即当出口质量流量一定时,3根管束即可达到理想的抽吸效果。
当出口质量流量一定时,管径的大小的改变会改变管道内流速的改变,通过对比在不同管径的大小所对应的流速对于压力场速度场的影响,来确定最佳的管径。
当管径大小为150 mm时,所对应的抽气速度为22 m/s,压力场分布较为规则,通过速度场可看出,气流经过臭气水平面到达管束下方可排出管外,如图10(a) 所示。当管径大小为250 mm时,所对应的抽气速度为8 m/s,腔体内压力场分布不规则,在中间管束下方形成较大面积的负压区,腔体内部形成多个涡旋与死区,使臭气无法有效排出,如图10(b)所示。当管径大小为350 mm时,所对应的抽气速度为4 m/s,压力场及速度场与管径为250 mm下相似,在中间管束下方形成较大面积负压区,腔体内部形成多个涡旋,使臭气无法有效排出,如图10(c)所示。
对比不同管径下沿吸气管纵向切片氨气浓度分布云图发现,当管径大小为150 mm时,所对应流速为22 m/s,由于臭气水平面流场的作用,臭气可有效的排出,腔体内部臭气自水平面向上均匀分布,如图11(a)所示。当管径大小为250 mm时,所对应流速为8 m/s,由于中间管束下方负压区的存在,臭气向中间管束位置处移动,无法正常排出,抽吸效果差,如图11(b)所示。当管径大小为350 mm时,所对应流速为4 m/s,由于中间管束负压区的存在,臭气主要向中间管束集中,如11(c)所示。当管径大小为150 mm时,腔体内部臭气浓度下降81.5%,随着管径的减小,臭气浓度变化不大,如图12所示。故最佳管径的选取为150 mm。
当管径大小不变时,抽气速度会造成质量流量的改变,从而改变抽吸的效率,通过不同抽气速度下的流量对腔体内的压力场速度场的影响,确定抽气的最佳流量区间。
当抽气速度为8 m/s时,出口所对应的质量流量为2.07 kg/s,通过位置距中心线3 m处切片可发现腔体内会形成较大的负压区,内部会形成大面积的涡旋与死区,使臭气无法正常的参与抽吸,如图13(a)所示。当抽气速度为18 m/s时,出口所对应的质量流量为4.67 kg/s,腔体内部压力场分布规则,流场经臭气水平面略过向各出气管下方集中并排出,如图13(b)所示。当抽气速度为25 m/s时,出口所对应的质量流量为6.49 kg/s,中间管束负压小于两侧管束,通过距中心线3 m处可发现,腔体内会形成大面积的涡旋,使臭气无法正常参与抽吸,如图13(c)所示。
对比不同速度下沿吸气管纵向切片氨气浓度分布云图可以发现,当抽气速度为8 m/s时,由图13(a)流线所示,腔体内大部分污染只向中间管束下方移动,此处臭气浓度含量高于两侧管束下方,如图14(a)所示。当抽气速度为18 m/s时,腔体内部臭气浓度分布均匀,自水平面向上臭气分布呈现阶梯状,如图14(b)所示。当抽气速度为25 m/s时,由于中间管束下方负压区低于两侧管束下方负压区,臭气向中间管束集中,其余两侧管束抽吸效率低,如图14(c)所示。当流速在14~22 m/s时,此区间范围内臭气浓度保持稳定,相对比于8 m/s时臭气的浓度下降93%,如图15所示。故最佳抽气速度区间选取为14~22 m/s,所对应的出口质量流量区间为3.63~5.71 kg/s。
针对大型污水处理厂臭气收集装置内部流场进行模拟计算,该臭气收集罩采用拱形盖板设计,系统研究不同管束排布位置、不同抽气管数量、不同抽气流量及抽气管径下腔体内的压力场、速度场、臭气浓度场的变化规律,并对其结构与运行参数进行优化,得出以下结论。
(1)抽气管越接近收集罩中心位置时,靠近进风窗口的负压区越加明显,不利于气流对水面上方聚集的臭气进行抽吸,因此,当管束位于最边处位置时,对于臭气的抽吸效果最好。
(2)管束数量从1根增加至3根时,可形成最佳抽气流场,使抽气罩内臭气平均浓度下降93%。
(3)随着管径的增加,抽气流速下降,收集罩内涡旋与死区数量增加,从而导致抽吸效果变差,建议最佳管径的选取为150 mm。
(4)获得了最佳的抽气流量区间为3.63~5.71 kg/s。抽吸流量过小时,对污染物的抽吸效果较差;抽气流量过大时,腔体内会出现大面积的涡旋及死区现象。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52106106)
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2025年第25卷第20期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406377
  • 接收时间:2024-08-04
  • 首发时间:2026-05-13
  • 出版时间:2025-07-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-04
  • 修回日期:2025-04-22
基金
国家自然科学基金(52106106)
作者信息
    1 天津商业大学农业农村部农产品低碳冷链重点实验室; 天津 300134
    2 天津商业大学冷冻冷藏技术教育部工程研究中心, 天津 300134
    3 北京新林水务科技有限公司, 北京 101300

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* 杨庆忠(1987—),男,汉族,河北张家口人,博士,讲师。研究方向:气液两相流。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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