Article(id=1261267654103449616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1261262687258985194, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406365, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1724428800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-24, revisedDate=1745424000000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778639241958, onlineDateStr=2026-05-13, pubDate=1752768000000, pubDateStr=2025-07-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778639241958, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778639241958, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778639241958, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1261262687258985194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='20', pageStart='8317', pageEnd='8759', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778638057769, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778753106634, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1261745237240722095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1261262687258985194, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1261745237240722096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1261262687258985194, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=8583, endPage=8594, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1261267654824869919, articleId=1261267654103449616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Air Traffic Management Hazard Data Classification Based on Stacking Ensemble Learning, columnId=1156262729162810294, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Automation and Computational Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Modern air traffic management systems necessitate efficient and accurate identification and classification of hazard-related text data to ensure flight safety. Air traffic control hazard data encompasses information on potential factors, conditions, or events that may adversely impact aviation safety. Existing text classification methods face challenges due to the diversity of data categories and imbalances within classes. An enhanced ensemble model based on the Stacking framework, incorporating a dual-weighting mechanism was proposed for improved performance. A dual-protection strategy was implemented to categorize hazards and safety risks systematically. The methodology employed the term frequency-inverse document frequency(TF-IDF)algorithm to extract and vectorize features from preprocessed hazard texts. To address class imbalance, the synthetic minority over-sampling technique(SMOTE) and adaptive synthetic sampling approach(ADASYN)algorithms were utilized to generate synthetic samples for minority classes. The Stacking ensemble model was refined by dynamically weighting the F1 scores derived from cross-validation of base learners and integrating a sensitivity assessment mechanism across the ensemble. Experimental results on the constructed dataset demonstrate that the ADASYN-enhanced ensemble model achieves notable improvements in precision, recall, and F1 scores by 0.9%, 1.1%, and 1.0%, respectively, effectively mitigating overfitting in majority classes. The proposed algorithm significantly enhances the classification performance of imbalanced hazard text categories, contributing to the advancement of safety risk management in air traffic control.
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在现代空管系统中,高效准确地识别和分类危险源文本数据对于保障飞行安全至关重要,空管危险源数据指的是那些可能影响航空安全的潜在因素、条件或事件的信息集合,然而现有的文本分类方法难以应对数据类别多样性和类别不平衡问题。当下迫切需要开发适用于空管系统的高效分类方法,以提高飞行安全水平。针对单一学习器用于空管危险源文本分类存在的类别分布较多,难以捕捉类别数据不平衡时的文本特征导致预测精度下降的问题,提出基于Stacking训练思想的、两次加权的改进集成模型。首先,参考双防机制对危险源和安全隐患完成类别划分;再采用词频-逆文档频率(term frequency-inverse document frequency,TF-IDF)算法提取预处理后的危险源文本特征完成向量化,并利用合成少数类过采样技术(synthetic minority over-sampling technique,SMOTE)和自适应合成过采样算法(adaptive synthetic sampling approach,ADASYN)分别随机生成向量化后的少数类文本,使文本数据集的类别分布趋于平衡;再从基学习器每折交叉验证的F1分数加权和基学习器之间敏感性评估机制动态加权两方面改进Stacking集成模型,提高类别不平衡危险源文本的分类性能。在所构建的数据集上的实验结果表明:相较于SMOTE+改进集成模型,ADASYN+改进集成模型的精确率、召回率和F1分数分别提升0.9、1.1和1.0个百分点,较好地抑制处理多数类别过拟合的问题,实验结果验证了所提算法的有效性。
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王洁宁(1966—),男,汉族,甘肃兰州人,博士,教授。研究方向:空管运行安全及空管系统仿真。E-mail:wang_jiening@aliyun.com。
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王洁宁(1966—),男,汉族,甘肃兰州人,博士,教授。研究方向:空管运行安全及空管系统仿真。E-mail:wang_jiening@aliyun.com。
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危险源类别分布, figureFileSmall=soa9r8f8YSce/33pB8OIbg==, figureFileBig=FAmuLIMe3x37Cq4iQ+uweA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377061084586204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267654103449616, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Visualization of oversampling algorithms, figureFileSmall=iSwUmhvKtrREZEdBeijhgg==, figureFileBig=4mgEhSM5zrb+Z7lrfQcyfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377061642428641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267654103449616, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
过采样算法可视化, figureFileSmall=iSwUmhvKtrREZEdBeijhgg==, figureFileBig=4mgEhSM5zrb+Z7lrfQcyfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377062451929318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267654103449616, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Heatmap comparison of F1 scores across learners, figureFileSmall=mNzFXu9N8gKYJ8kpkcv3nA==, figureFileBig=gjAE2OnN6CoqOnewPus/sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377063286595820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267654103449616, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
各学习器F1分数结果对比热力图, figureFileSmall=mNzFXu9N8gKYJ8kpkcv3nA==, figureFileBig=gjAE2OnN6CoqOnewPus/sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377065325027573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267654103449616, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Confusion matrix of the Stacking model, figureFileSmall=Bp98i4LygAwoi5AqhhEIpw==, figureFileBig=J0Cto+OSkTovucK6LctXkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377065761235196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267654103449616, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
Stacking模型的混淆矩阵, figureFileSmall=Bp98i4LygAwoi5AqhhEIpw==, figureFileBig=J0Cto+OSkTovucK6LctXkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377066650427653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267654103449616, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Categories of hazard data
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| 风险类别 | 要素 | 类别 | 举例 | 数量 |
| 危险源 | 管理 | 空域划设不合理a1 | 区域南移交接点附近冲突加剧 | 75 |
| 组织规划不完善a2 | 通用航空与民航运输保障存在冲突 | 72 |
| 航班量大幅增长a3 | 区域航班大流量高密度运行 | 60 |
| 危险源 | 人员 | 业务能力不足b1 | 新放单管制员工作流程不熟练 | 91 |
| 协调配合不足b2 | 主副班监控配合难度大 | 44 |
| 人员操作失误b3 | 情报岗位人员工作状态不稳定 | 70 |
| 危险源 | 运行环境 | 军民航相撞c1 | 军航与民航航空器同航线飞行 | 60 |
| 跑道侵入c2 | 维护人员误入机场保护区 | 41 |
| 规定间隔c3 | 指挥错误造成尾流小于规定间隔 | 60 |
| 外部干扰c4 | 无线电干扰 | 46 |
| 鸟击意外c5 | 航空器进场航班接地时遭遇鸟击 | 24 |
| 恶劣天气c6 | 雷雨台风等复杂天气运行风险 | 27 |
| 危险源 | 设备运行 | 设施遭破坏d1 | 机房内通信电缆被老鼠啃咬损坏 | 49 |
| 软硬件设备异常d2 | 流量系统设备运行不稳定 | 165 |
| 外场设备异常d3 | 机场多点定位系统基站设备故障 | 42 |
| 安全隐患 | | 违规违章e1 | 施工吊装机未严格按照程序执行 | 98 |
| 风险控制措施弱化e2 | 部分UPS系统蓄电池老化 | 83 |
), ArticleFig(id=1261377067451539725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267654103449616, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
危险源数据类别
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 风险类别 | 要素 | 类别 | 举例 | 数量 |
| 危险源 | 管理 | 空域划设不合理a1 | 区域南移交接点附近冲突加剧 | 75 |
| 组织规划不完善a2 | 通用航空与民航运输保障存在冲突 | 72 |
| 航班量大幅增长a3 | 区域航班大流量高密度运行 | 60 |
| 危险源 | 人员 | 业务能力不足b1 | 新放单管制员工作流程不熟练 | 91 |
| 协调配合不足b2 | 主副班监控配合难度大 | 44 |
| 人员操作失误b3 | 情报岗位人员工作状态不稳定 | 70 |
| 危险源 | 运行环境 | 军民航相撞c1 | 军航与民航航空器同航线飞行 | 60 |
| 跑道侵入c2 | 维护人员误入机场保护区 | 41 |
| 规定间隔c3 | 指挥错误造成尾流小于规定间隔 | 60 |
| 外部干扰c4 | 无线电干扰 | 46 |
| 鸟击意外c5 | 航空器进场航班接地时遭遇鸟击 | 24 |
| 恶劣天气c6 | 雷雨台风等复杂天气运行风险 | 27 |
| 危险源 | 设备运行 | 设施遭破坏d1 | 机房内通信电缆被老鼠啃咬损坏 | 49 |
| 软硬件设备异常d2 | 流量系统设备运行不稳定 | 165 |
| 外场设备异常d3 | 机场多点定位系统基站设备故障 | 42 |
| 安全隐患 | | 违规违章e1 | 施工吊装机未严格按照程序执行 | 98 |
| 风险控制措施弱化e2 | 部分UPS系统蓄电池老化 | 83 |
), ArticleFig(id=1261377069569663255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267654103449616, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Display of word segmentation results
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 原始文本数据 | 分词结果 |
| 军航活动期间航空器绕飞雷雨,临场决策难度较大,如果处置不当可能造成飞行冲突 | 军航活动、期间、航空器、绕飞、雷雨、临场、决策、难度、较大、如果、处置、不当、可能、造成、飞行冲突 |
), ArticleFig(id=1261377069892624666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267654103449616, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
分词效果展示
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 原始文本数据 | 分词结果 |
| 军航活动期间航空器绕飞雷雨,临场决策难度较大,如果处置不当可能造成飞行冲突 | 军航活动、期间、航空器、绕飞、雷雨、临场、决策、难度、较大、如果、处置、不当、可能、造成、飞行冲突 |
), ArticleFig(id=1261377070366581022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267654103449616, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Hyperparameter settings for the ensemble model
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| 模型 | 参数 | 调节范围 | 最优值 |
| RF | 决策树数量 | np.linspace(10, 500, 20) | 253 |
| 决策树最大深度 | range(3,20,1) | 16 |
| SVM | 核函数 | (‘linear’,‘pole’,‘rbf’) | rbf |
| 惩罚系数 | range(0.1,2.0,0.3) | 1.188 7 |
| XGBoost | 决策树数量 | np.linspace(10, 300, 20) | 258 |
| 决策树最大深度 | np.linspace(1, 10, 10) | 7 |
| 贡献缩减系数 | np.linspace(e-3, 0.3,10) | 0.081 6 |
| 每棵树样本比例 | np.linspace(0.6, 1.0, 5) | 0.767 8 |
| 正则项 | (L1,L2) | L2 |
| LightGBM | 决策树的叶子数 | range(10, 80, 5) | 65 |
| 特征抽样的比例 | np.linspace(0.5, 0.9, 5) | 0.860 7 |
| 决策树最大深度 | range(3, 10, 1) | 111 |
| 贡献缩减系数 | np.linspace(e-3, 0.3,10) | 0.058 1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1261377070832148776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267654103449616, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
集成模型超参数设置
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 参数 | 调节范围 | 最优值 |
| RF | 决策树数量 | np.linspace(10, 500, 20) | 253 |
| 决策树最大深度 | range(3,20,1) | 16 |
| SVM | 核函数 | (‘linear’,‘pole’,‘rbf’) | rbf |
| 惩罚系数 | range(0.1,2.0,0.3) | 1.188 7 |
| XGBoost | 决策树数量 | np.linspace(10, 300, 20) | 258 |
| 决策树最大深度 | np.linspace(1, 10, 10) | 7 |
| 贡献缩减系数 | np.linspace(e-3, 0.3,10) | 0.081 6 |
| 每棵树样本比例 | np.linspace(0.6, 1.0, 5) | 0.767 8 |
| 正则项 | (L1,L2) | L2 |
| LightGBM | 决策树的叶子数 | range(10, 80, 5) | 65 |
| 特征抽样的比例 | np.linspace(0.5, 0.9, 5) | 0.860 7 |
| 决策树最大深度 | range(3, 10, 1) | 111 |
| 贡献缩减系数 | np.linspace(e-3, 0.3,10) | 0.058 1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1261377071314493738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267654103449616, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Comparison of classification models of single learners
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| 单一学习器 | 精确率 | 召回率 | F1分数 |
| RF | 0.810 6 | 0.816 3 | 0.813 4 |
| SVM | 0.774 5 | 0.734 2 | 0.753 8 |
| XGBoost | 0.829 1 | 0.827 2 | 0.826 3 |
| LightGBM | 0.846 3 | 0.847 0 | 0.843 4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1261377071805227311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267654103449616, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
单一学习器分类模型对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 单一学习器 | 精确率 | 召回率 | F1分数 |
| RF | 0.810 6 | 0.816 3 | 0.813 4 |
| SVM | 0.774 5 | 0.734 2 | 0.753 8 |
| XGBoost | 0.829 1 | 0.827 2 | 0.826 3 |
| LightGBM | 0.846 3 | 0.847 0 | 0.843 4 |
), ArticleFig(id=1261377072044302645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267654103449616, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Comparison of classification performance of ensemble models
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| 次级学习器 | 精确率 | 召回率 | F1分数 |
| RF | 0.830 4 | 0.826 5 | 0.828 4 |
| SVM | 0.817 3 | 0.802 5 | 0.809 8 |
| XGBoost | 0.842 7 | 0.841 6 | 0.842 4 |
| LightGBM | 0.860 7 | 0.857 1 | 0.858 9 |
), ArticleFig(id=1261377072304349501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267654103449616, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
集成模型分类性能对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 次级学习器 | 精确率 | 召回率 | F1分数 |
| RF | 0.830 4 | 0.826 5 | 0.828 4 |
| SVM | 0.817 3 | 0.802 5 | 0.809 8 |
| XGBoost | 0.842 7 | 0.841 6 | 0.842 4 |
| LightGBM | 0.860 7 | 0.857 1 | 0.858 9 |
), ArticleFig(id=1261377074107900228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267654103449616, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=
Classification performance of each model
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 指标 | 精确率/% | 召回率/% | F1分数/% |
| 类别模型 | SM | ISM | SMOTE+ ISM | ADASYN+ ISM | SM | ISM | SMOTE+ ISM | ADASY+ ISM | SM | ISM | SMOTE+ ISM | ADASYN+ ISM |
| a1 | 88.3 | 90.2 | 88.9 | 95.2 | 75.8 | 85.4 | 87.0 | 86.9 | 81.6 | 87.7 | 87.9 | 90.9 |
| a2 | 74.2 | 82.7 | 94.1 | 83.5 | 73.0 | 83.7 | 86.9 | 91.0 | 73.6 | 83.2 | 90.4 | 87.1 |
| a3 | 80.0 | 86.8 | 96.7 | 98.0 | 76.4 | 83.1 | 94.4 | 92.7 | 78.2 | 84.9 | 95.5 | 95.3 |
| b1 | 79.3 | 85.2 | 92.5 | 93.1 | 82.7 | 86.3 | 86.2 | 85.7 | 80.9 | 85.7 | 89.2 | 89.2 |
| b2 | 74.1 | 85.1 | 86.3 | 84.6 | 72.2 | 82.9 | 84.8 | 82.6 | 73.1 | 83.9 | 85.5 | 83.6 |
| b3 | 77.6 | 83.1 | 84.6 | 91.7 | 83.0 | 86.9 | 89.1 | 93.5 | 80.2 | 85.0 | 86.8 | 92.6 |
| c1 | 85.5 | 87.4 | 92.0 | 91.7 | 79.3 | 82.9 | 89.7 | 86.9 | 82.3 | 85.1 | 90.8 | 89.2 |
| c2 | 77.8 | 81.5 | 90.9 | 92.3 | 75.8 | 80.5 | 89.3 | 92.3 | 76.8 | 81.0 | 90.1 | 92.3 |
| c3 | 72.3 | 80.7 | 82.2 | 80.9 | 77.6 | 82.0 | 80.9 | 85.3 | 74.9 | 81.3 | 81.5 | 83.0 |
| c4 | 66.7 | 81.4 | 85.1 | 87.5 | 75.0 | 79.2 | 86.9 | 92.3 | 70.6 | 80.3 | 86.0 | 89.8 |
| c5 | 72.8 | 84.2 | 94.7 | 93.8 | 90.2 | 90.7 | 94.8 | 95.1 | 80.6 | 87.3 | 94.8 | 94.4 |
| c6 | 73.1 | 80.6 | 91.6 | 93.2 | 87.0 | 82.9 | 92.7 | 90.3 | 79.4 | 81.7 | 92.1 | 91.7 |
| d1 | 86.4 | 90.4 | 94.2 | 95.6 | 75.3 | 80.8 | 92.7 | 90.8 | 80.5 | 85.3 | 93.4 | 93.1 |
| d2 | 80.1 | 87.6 | 85.4 | 86.9 | 75.7 | 86.3 | 85.5 | 87.7 | 77.8 | 86.9 | 85.4 | 87.3 |
| d3 | 71.9 | 75.5 | 84.7 | 86.1 | 80.4 | 80.6 | 87.3 | 89.2 | 75.9 | 78.0 | 85.9 | 87.6 |
| e1 | 77.3 | 86.6 | 83.5 | 85.4 | 76.7 | 82.6 | 80.4 | 83.9 | 77.0 | 84.6 | 81.9 | 84.6 |
| e2 | 72.0 | 87.0 | 86.2 | 90.6 | 78.1 | 88.4 | 87.7 | 89.5 | 74.9 | 87.7 | 86.7 | 90.0 |
| 均值 | 77.0 | 84.5 | 89.1 | 90.0 | 78.5 | 83.8 | 88.1 | 89.2 | 77.5 | 84.1 | 88.5 | 89.5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1261377074430861640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267654103449616, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
各模型分类性能
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| 指标 | 精确率/% | 召回率/% | F1分数/% |
| 类别模型 | SM | ISM | SMOTE+ ISM | ADASYN+ ISM | SM | ISM | SMOTE+ ISM | ADASY+ ISM | SM | ISM | SMOTE+ ISM | ADASYN+ ISM |
| a1 | 88.3 | 90.2 | 88.9 | 95.2 | 75.8 | 85.4 | 87.0 | 86.9 | 81.6 | 87.7 | 87.9 | 90.9 |
| a2 | 74.2 | 82.7 | 94.1 | 83.5 | 73.0 | 83.7 | 86.9 | 91.0 | 73.6 | 83.2 | 90.4 | 87.1 |
| a3 | 80.0 | 86.8 | 96.7 | 98.0 | 76.4 | 83.1 | 94.4 | 92.7 | 78.2 | 84.9 | 95.5 | 95.3 |
| b1 | 79.3 | 85.2 | 92.5 | 93.1 | 82.7 | 86.3 | 86.2 | 85.7 | 80.9 | 85.7 | 89.2 | 89.2 |
| b2 | 74.1 | 85.1 | 86.3 | 84.6 | 72.2 | 82.9 | 84.8 | 82.6 | 73.1 | 83.9 | 85.5 | 83.6 |
| b3 | 77.6 | 83.1 | 84.6 | 91.7 | 83.0 | 86.9 | 89.1 | 93.5 | 80.2 | 85.0 | 86.8 | 92.6 |
| c1 | 85.5 | 87.4 | 92.0 | 91.7 | 79.3 | 82.9 | 89.7 | 86.9 | 82.3 | 85.1 | 90.8 | 89.2 |
| c2 | 77.8 | 81.5 | 90.9 | 92.3 | 75.8 | 80.5 | 89.3 | 92.3 | 76.8 | 81.0 | 90.1 | 92.3 |
| c3 | 72.3 | 80.7 | 82.2 | 80.9 | 77.6 | 82.0 | 80.9 | 85.3 | 74.9 | 81.3 | 81.5 | 83.0 |
| c4 | 66.7 | 81.4 | 85.1 | 87.5 | 75.0 | 79.2 | 86.9 | 92.3 | 70.6 | 80.3 | 86.0 | 89.8 |
| c5 | 72.8 | 84.2 | 94.7 | 93.8 | 90.2 | 90.7 | 94.8 | 95.1 | 80.6 | 87.3 | 94.8 | 94.4 |
| c6 | 73.1 | 80.6 | 91.6 | 93.2 | 87.0 | 82.9 | 92.7 | 90.3 | 79.4 | 81.7 | 92.1 | 91.7 |
| d1 | 86.4 | 90.4 | 94.2 | 95.6 | 75.3 | 80.8 | 92.7 | 90.8 | 80.5 | 85.3 | 93.4 | 93.1 |
| d2 | 80.1 | 87.6 | 85.4 | 86.9 | 75.7 | 86.3 | 85.5 | 87.7 | 77.8 | 86.9 | 85.4 | 87.3 |
| d3 | 71.9 | 75.5 | 84.7 | 86.1 | 80.4 | 80.6 | 87.3 | 89.2 | 75.9 | 78.0 | 85.9 | 87.6 |
| e1 | 77.3 | 86.6 | 83.5 | 85.4 | 76.7 | 82.6 | 80.4 | 83.9 | 77.0 | 84.6 | 81.9 | 84.6 |
| e2 | 72.0 | 87.0 | 86.2 | 90.6 | 78.1 | 88.4 | 87.7 | 89.5 | 74.9 | 87.7 | 86.7 | 90.0 |
| 均值 | 77.0 | 84.5 | 89.1 | 90.0 | 78.5 | 83.8 | 88.1 | 89.2 | 77.5 | 84.1 | 88.5 | 89.5 |
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