Article(id=1261267652966793221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1261262687258985194, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404757, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1719244800000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-25, revisedDate=1744214400000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778639241687, onlineDateStr=2026-05-13, pubDate=1752768000000, pubDateStr=2025-07-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778639241687, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778639241687, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778639241687, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1261262687258985194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='20', pageStart='8317', pageEnd='8759', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778638057769, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778753106634, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1261745237240722095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1261262687258985194, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1261745237240722096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1261262687258985194, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=8536, endPage=8542, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1261267653704990731, articleId=1261267652966793221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Fault Line Selection Method of Resonant Grounding System Based on Zero-sequence Current Disturbance Characteristics, columnId=1156262733675876713, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Electrical Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the fault line selection problem of single-phase high resistance grounding in resonant grounded distribution systems, a fault line selection scheme was proposed that utilized the disturbance characteristics of zero-sequence current before and after the neutral point parallel resistor was grounded. The zero-sequence fault model was established for the two conditions before and after the resistor paralleling with the arc suppression coil, and the zero-sequence current variation characteristics of sound and faulty lines were analyzed correspondingly. The amplitude of the zero-sequence current of any healthy line decreased after the neutral resistance was applied, while the current of the faulty line increased. Furthermore, a fault line selection criteria was constructed, which was used the amplitude disturbance characteristics of the zero-sequence currents. Simulations based on MATLAB verified the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed scheme is able to reliably detect single-phase ground fault with the resistance up to 5 kΩ.

, correspAuthors=Wen-quan SHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Qing WANG, Yang SUN, Jiang-peng LI, Long YANG, Jin-dong LI, Wen-quan SHAO, Shuang ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1261267656578089024, articleId=1261267652966793221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=利用零序电流扰动特征的谐振接地配电系统的故障选线, columnId=1156262734506353627, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·电工技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了解决谐振接地配电系统单相高阻接地的故障选线问题,提出一种利用中性点并联电阻投入前后零序电流扰动特征的故障选线方案。建立消弧线圈并联小电阻投入前、后两阶段的零序故障模型,分析健全线路、故障线路在两个阶段的零序电流变化特征,健全线路的零序电流在并联电阻投入后其幅值呈减小状态,而故障线路零序电流则呈增大状态。进一步基于并联电阻投入前、后两阶段线路零序电流的幅值扰动特征构造相应的故障选线判据。MATLAB仿真计算验证所提方法的正确性和有效性。结果表明:所提方案对于不超过5 kΩ的高阻单相接地故障能够可靠检测。

, correspAuthors=邵文权, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 邵文权(1978—),男,汉族,湖北竹山人,博士,教授。研究方向:电力系统继电保护、配电网故障处理。E-mail:
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王庆(1986—),男,汉族,河北保定人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:配电网故障处理与电网调度运行控制。E-mail:

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王庆(1986—),男,汉族,河北保定人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:配电网故障处理与电网调度运行控制。E-mail:

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王庆(1986—),男,汉族,河北保定人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:配电网故障处理与电网调度运行控制。E-mail:

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Research on fault line selection method based on medium resistance for low current grounding system[J]. Electrical Engineering, 2023, 24(10): 17-22., articleTitle=Research on fault line selection method based on medium resistance for low current grounding system, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1261377074103705922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267652966793221, awardId=2023AAC03843, language=CN, fundingSource=宁夏自然科学基金(2023AAC03843), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1261377018545955749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267652966793221, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261377018617258918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267652966793221, companyId=1261377018545955749, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 State Grid Ningxia Electric Power Co., Ltd., Yinchuan 750001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261377018734699432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267652966793221, companyId=1261377018545955749, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 国网宁夏电力有限公司, 银川 750001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1261377020487918511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267652966793221, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261377020500501424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267652966793221, companyId=1261377020487918511, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Electronics and Information College, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261377020508890033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267652966793221, companyId=1261377020487918511, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 西安工程大学电子信息学院, 西安 710048)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1261377060782596313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267652966793221, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Arc suppression coil parallel resistance grounding distribution system, figureFileSmall=cV2KfyNXujGEoWAKhoT7UA==, figureFileBig=cq/WroLKAt2sqKzw2SPQMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377061977972963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267652966793221, language=CN, label=图1, caption=消弧线圈并联电阻接地配电系统, figureFileSmall=cV2KfyNXujGEoWAKhoT7UA==, figureFileBig=cq/WroLKAt2sqKzw2SPQMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377063261429995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267652966793221, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Zero-sequence network before and after the input of the arcing coil shunt resistor, figureFileSmall=ONPsj9DnozrIKlKCqaGAFw==, figureFileBig=GKmOmm7p7xbdBX0w/LwTLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377065325027574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267652966793221, language=CN, label=图2, caption=消弧线圈并联电阻投入前、后的零序网络

$\stackrel{·}{I}$01$\stackrel{·}{I}$02为任意健全线路首端零序电流;$\stackrel{·}{I}$0n为故障线路Ln首端零序电流;${\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{k}0}$为系统的零序电压;Rf为故障过渡电阻

, figureFileSmall=ONPsj9DnozrIKlKCqaGAFw==, figureFileBig=GKmOmm7p7xbdBX0w/LwTLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377065790595326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267652966793221, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Fault line selection flowchart, figureFileSmall=KzBiwtAQJkcxraEjYvNJsw==, figureFileBig=Ttla7fQVSsk+UREXsuBvFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377066637844738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267652966793221, language=CN, label=图3, caption=故障选线流程图, figureFileSmall=KzBiwtAQJkcxraEjYvNJsw==, figureFileBig=Ttla7fQVSsk+UREXsuBvFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377067376042249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267652966793221, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Simulation system model, figureFileSmall=LZ0z40jKCugWKfEhhNKS7w==, figureFileBig=ZV/nSdzQfOA5vNt1hlO3ew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377067837415696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267652966793221, language=CN, label=图4, caption=仿真系统模型

Rf为故障过渡电阻

, figureFileSmall=LZ0z40jKCugWKfEhhNKS7w==, figureFileBig=ZV/nSdzQfOA5vNt1hlO3ew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377069569663254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267652966793221, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Single-phase ground fault simulation calculation results(Rf=1 000 Ω), figureFileSmall=kB4ahkE+DyV/De43RQJQ/g==, figureFileBig=/Dvr4EP7LuUYUkANqKT7wQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377069909401884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267652966793221, language=CN, label=图5, caption=单相接地故障仿真计算结果(Rf=1 000 Ω), figureFileSmall=kB4ahkE+DyV/De43RQJQ/g==, figureFileBig=/Dvr4EP7LuUYUkANqKT7wQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377070400135459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267652966793221, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Results under different transition resistances(m=0.5), figureFileSmall=sBn0TLXy3Vvam5YCdkNRsA==, figureFileBig=qESL+e7a2Qp95Fdv2hQVeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377070823760168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267652966793221, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同过渡电阻下的计算结果(m=0.5), figureFileSmall=sBn0TLXy3Vvam5YCdkNRsA==, figureFileBig=qESL+e7a2Qp95Fdv2hQVeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377071293522217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267652966793221, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Results under different fault locations(Rf=5 000 Ω), figureFileSmall=EgfV5LV69+rwV6ND1Dxy3Q==, figureFileBig=flJ64d3wJ9SU3np/NM4SEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377071796838701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267652966793221, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同故障位置下的计算结果(Rf=5 000 Ω), figureFileSmall=EgfV5LV69+rwV6ND1Dxy3Q==, figureFileBig=flJ64d3wJ9SU3np/NM4SEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261377071964610866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267652966793221, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Distribution line simulation parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
线路 架空 电缆
电阻/
(Ω·km-1)
电容/
(μF·km-1)
电感/
(mH·km-1)
电阻/
(Ω·km-1)
电容/
(μF·km-1)
电感/
(mH·km-1)
正序 0.125 0 0.009 6 1.300 0 0.270 0 0.339 0 0.255 0
零序 0.275 0 0.005 4 4.600 0 2.700 0 0.280 0 1.019 0
), ArticleFig(id=1261377072165937464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261267652966793221, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

配电线路仿真参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
线路 架空 电缆
电阻/
(Ω·km-1)
电容/
(μF·km-1)
电感/
(mH·km-1)
电阻/
(Ω·km-1)
电容/
(μF·km-1)
电感/
(mH·km-1)
正序 0.125 0 0.009 6 1.300 0 0.270 0 0.339 0 0.255 0
零序 0.275 0 0.005 4 4.600 0 2.700 0 0.280 0 1.019 0
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利用零序电流扰动特征的谐振接地配电系统的故障选线
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王庆 1 , 孙阳 1 , 李江鹏 1 , 杨龙 1 , 李金东 1 , 邵文权 2, * , 张爽 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·电工技术 2025,25(20): 8536-8542
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·电工技术 2025, 25(20): 8536-8542
利用零序电流扰动特征的谐振接地配电系统的故障选线
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王庆1 , 孙阳1, 李江鹏1, 杨龙1, 李金东1, 邵文权2, * , 张爽2
作者信息
  • 1 国网宁夏电力有限公司, 银川 750001
  • 2 西安工程大学电子信息学院, 西安 710048
  • 王庆(1986—),男,汉族,河北保定人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:配电网故障处理与电网调度运行控制。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 邵文权(1978—),男,汉族,湖北竹山人,博士,教授。研究方向:电力系统继电保护、配电网故障处理。E-mail:
Fault Line Selection Method of Resonant Grounding System Based on Zero-sequence Current Disturbance Characteristics
Qing WANG1 , Yang SUN1, Jiang-peng LI1, Long YANG1, Jin-dong LI1, Wen-quan SHAO2, * , Shuang ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • 1 State Grid Ningxia Electric Power Co., Ltd., Yinchuan 750001, China
  • 2 Electronics and Information College, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
出版时间: 2025-07-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404757
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为了解决谐振接地配电系统单相高阻接地的故障选线问题,提出一种利用中性点并联电阻投入前后零序电流扰动特征的故障选线方案。建立消弧线圈并联小电阻投入前、后两阶段的零序故障模型,分析健全线路、故障线路在两个阶段的零序电流变化特征,健全线路的零序电流在并联电阻投入后其幅值呈减小状态,而故障线路零序电流则呈增大状态。进一步基于并联电阻投入前、后两阶段线路零序电流的幅值扰动特征构造相应的故障选线判据。MATLAB仿真计算验证所提方法的正确性和有效性。结果表明:所提方案对于不超过5 kΩ的高阻单相接地故障能够可靠检测。

配电系统  /  故障选线  /  中性点并联电阻  /  零序电流扰动

In order to solve the fault line selection problem of single-phase high resistance grounding in resonant grounded distribution systems, a fault line selection scheme was proposed that utilized the disturbance characteristics of zero-sequence current before and after the neutral point parallel resistor was grounded. The zero-sequence fault model was established for the two conditions before and after the resistor paralleling with the arc suppression coil, and the zero-sequence current variation characteristics of sound and faulty lines were analyzed correspondingly. The amplitude of the zero-sequence current of any healthy line decreased after the neutral resistance was applied, while the current of the faulty line increased. Furthermore, a fault line selection criteria was constructed, which was used the amplitude disturbance characteristics of the zero-sequence currents. Simulations based on MATLAB verified the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed scheme is able to reliably detect single-phase ground fault with the resistance up to 5 kΩ.

distribution network  /  fault line selection  /  neutral point parallel resistor  /  zero-sequence current disturbance
王庆, 孙阳, 李江鹏, 杨龙, 李金东, 邵文权, 张爽. 利用零序电流扰动特征的谐振接地配电系统的故障选线. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (20) : 8536 -8542 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404757
Qing WANG, Yang SUN, Jiang-peng LI, Long YANG, Jin-dong LI, Wen-quan SHAO, Shuang ZHANG. Fault Line Selection Method of Resonant Grounding System Based on Zero-sequence Current Disturbance Characteristics[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (20) : 8536 -8542 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404757
配电网发生单相接地故障率约占线路总故障的80%以上[1-3],且多数采用中性点不接地或经过补偿的消弧线圈接地的小电流接地系统,由于具有单相接地故障时三相线电压依旧对称且故障电流比较小的特点,早期的运行相关规程规定允许配电网带故障点短时运行1~2 h以提高供电可靠性[4],但长期带故障运行易造成电弧的持续燃烧、绝缘击穿等问题导致事故扩大,或将损坏设备,危及电网的安全,因此及时准确的故障选线对配电网的安全稳定运行有着重要的意义。
其中小电流接地配电系统的单相接地故障选线问题一直是配电网领域的研究重点[5],近年来,中外学者对于故障选线开展了大量的研究工作,提出了多种不同原理的故障选线方法,按照所利用信息的不同大致分为两类:一是注入信号的故障选线方法[6-7];二是利用故障信息的选线方法[8-11],后者又可分为利用故障稳态分量的选线法、利用故障暂态分量的故障选线法。 注入信号法主要有S信号注入法和脉冲注入法等,若接地点存在间歇性电弧时,注入的信号在线路中将不连续且信号特征将被破坏,给检测带来困难。 经消弧线圈补偿后的谐振接地系统,系统的稳态电流值很小,使得此时的故障特征变得微弱,进而增大了使用稳态分量故障选线的难度[12-13]。而利用暂态分量的故障选线方法,包括首半波法[14-15]和小波法[16]等,由于暂态过程中高频分量受消弧线圈的补偿作用小其特征较稳态量显著,但易受故障初始状态和暂态过渡时间等因素影响较大,尤其是高阻故障情况下利用暂态特征依旧无法正确故障选线。
为及时切除单相永久性故障,通过投入并联电阻来增加单相接地电流的特征以实现零序保护的灵敏可靠动作[17],同时基于中性点电阻投入后的零序功率构建故障选线等接地保护方案[18],,需要系统零序电压的配合应用。文献[19]提出的低频暂态零序电流畸变率的故障选线方法依旧受间歇性、不稳定电弧等因素影响。文献[20]通过对986 台不同厂家的选线装置的全面检测与对比,并开展小电流接地选线装置调研,结果表明,各地市公司提供的选线准确率普遍不高,最低仅有28.5%,最高为69.0%,均未达到准确率不应低于90%的规定要求。提升小电流系统故障选线的准确率成为配电网故障处理的关键技术。
鉴于此,针对进一步提升小电流接地系统单相接地故障检测能力的实际要求,系统分析谐振接地配电系统中消弧线圈并联电阻投入对故障线路和健全线路的零序电流的影响,充分利用并联电阻投入后故障线路零序电流幅值增大、健全线路零序电流幅值减小的特征,进一步构建零序扰动电流的变化特征故障选线方法,仿真验证了该方案能实现过渡电阻高达5 kΩ的单相接地故障的可靠检测,其原理简单、易于实现,具有故障选线正确率高的优点。
图1所示带n条线路的配电系统为例进行分析,假定线路Ln发生A相接地故障,其中,Rf为接地过渡电阻;C01,C02,…,C0n为各条线路的等效对地电容;Lp为消弧线圈电感;Rb为消弧线圈并联电阻;Kb为中性点电阻接地开关。
图1所示的配电系统在消弧线圈投入并联电阻前后对应的等值零序网络如图2所示,消弧线圈支路由并联电阻投入前的3Lp变化为投入后的3Lp||3Rb(“||”表示并联)。
进一步由图2(a)所示的等值零序网络可知,并联电阻投入前故障 A相对地电压为${\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{k}}$,则有
${\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{k}}$=$\frac{{\stackrel{·}{E}}_{\mathrm{A}}3{R}_{\mathrm{f}}}{\mathrm{j}[{X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(1\right)}+{X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(2\right)}+{X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(0\right)}]+3{R}_{\mathrm{f}}}$
式(1)中:${\stackrel{·}{E}}_{\mathrm{A}}$为A相电压;XΣ(1)XΣ(2)XΣ(0)分别为系统正序、负序、零序阻抗,对于消弧线圈接地系统,通常XΣ(0)远大于XΣ(1)XΣ(2),因此可以近似认为:
${\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{k}}$=$\frac{{\stackrel{·}{E}}_{\mathrm{A}}3{R}_{\mathrm{f}}}{\mathrm{j}{X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(0\right)}+3{R}_{\mathrm{f}}}$
不计负荷电流和电网压降时,各相对地电压为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{A}0}={\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{k}}\\ {\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{B}0}={\stackrel{·}{E}}_{\mathrm{B}}-{\stackrel{·}{E}}_{\mathrm{A}}+{\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{k}}=\sqrt{3}{\stackrel{·}{E}}_{\mathrm{A}}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\mathrm{j}150°}+{\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{k}}\\ {\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{C}0}={\stackrel{·}{E}}_{\mathrm{C}}-{\stackrel{·}{E}}_{\mathrm{A}}+{\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{k}}=\sqrt{3}{\stackrel{·}{E}}_{\mathrm{A}}{\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{j}150°}+{\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{k}}\end{array}\right.$
式(3)中:${\stackrel{·}{E}}_{\mathrm{B}}$${\stackrel{·}{E}}_{\mathrm{C}}$分别为B相、C相电压。
系统的零序电压为
${\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{k}0}$=$\frac{1}{3}$(${\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{A}0}$+${\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{B}0}$+${\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{C}0}$)=-${\stackrel{·}{E}}_{\mathrm{A}}$+${\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{k}}$
将式(2)代入式(4)有
${\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{k}0}$=-${\stackrel{·}{E}}_{\mathrm{A}}\frac{\mathrm{j}{X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(0\right)}}{\mathrm{j}{X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(0\right)}+3{R}_{\mathrm{f}}}$
任意健全线路首端零序电流为
3${\stackrel{·}{I}}_{0i}$=j3ωC0i${\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{k}0}$, i=1,2,…,n-1
故障线路Ln首端零序电流为
3${\stackrel{·}{I}}_{0n}$=-j3ω(C-C0n)${\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{k}0}$+j$\frac{{\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{k}0}}{\omega {L}_{\mathrm{p}}}$≈-j3ωC${\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{k}0}$+j$\frac{{\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{k}0}}{\omega {L}_{\mathrm{p}}}$=-j3$\frac{{\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{k}0}}{{X}_{\Sigma \left(0\right)}}$
式(7)中:ω为工频角频率;C为全系统等效对地总电容;Lp为消弧线圈电感。
图2(b)所示的并联电阻投入后等值零序网络可知,在并联电阻投入后的故障A相对地电压$\stackrel{·}{U}$'k
$\begin{aligned} \dot{U}_{\mathrm{k}}^{\prime} & =\frac{\dot{E}_{\mathrm{A}} 3 R_{\mathrm{f}}}{\mathrm{j}\left(X_{\Sigma(0)} \| 3 R_{\mathrm{b}}\right)+3 R_{\mathrm{f}}} \\ & =\dot{E}_{\mathrm{A}} \frac{3 R_{\mathrm{f}}+\mathrm{j} \frac{R_{\mathrm{f}}}{R_{\mathrm{b}}} X_{\Sigma(0)}}{3 R_{\mathrm{f}}+\mathrm{j} X_{\Sigma(0)}+\mathrm{j} \frac{R_{\mathrm{f}}}{R_{\mathrm{b}}} X_{\Sigma(0)}} \end{aligned}$
系统零序电压为
$\stackrel{·}{U}$'k0=-${\stackrel{·}{E}}_{\mathrm{A}}$+$\stackrel{·}{U}$'k
将式(9)代入(8)有
$\stackrel{·}{U}$'k0=-${\stackrel{·}{E}}_{\mathrm{A}}\frac{\mathrm{j}{X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(0\right)}}{3{R}_{\mathrm{f}}+\mathrm{j}{X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(0\right)}+\mathrm{j}\frac{{R}_{\mathrm{f}}}{{R}_{\mathrm{b}}}{X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(0\right)}}$
显然存在U'k0<Uk0,系统零序电压${\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{k}0}$较并联电阻投入前被强制拉低。
健全线路首端零序电流为
3$\stackrel{·}{I}$'01=j3ωC01$\stackrel{·}{U}$'k0
故障线路首端零序电流为
3$\stackrel{·}{I}$'02≈-j3$\frac{\stackrel{·}{U}\text{'}{\mathrm{ }}_{\mathrm{k}0}}{{X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(0\right)}}$-$\frac{1}{{R}_{\mathrm{b}}}\stackrel{·}{U}$'k0
由式(6)、式(11)可得健全线路的零序电流幅值在并联电阻投入后、投入前的扰动变化系数存在的关系为
KH=$\left|\frac{3\stackrel{·}{I}\text{'}{\mathrm{ }}_{01}}{3{\stackrel{·}{I}}_{01}}\right|$=$\left|\frac{\stackrel{·}{U}\text{'}{\mathrm{ }}_{\mathrm{k}0}}{{\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{k}0}}\right|$<1
即健全线路的零序电流在并联电阻投入后呈减小特征,即两阶段的幅值变化比值KH小于1。
进一步分析可知,对于消弧线圈接地10 kV配电系统,通常需确保经消弧线圈补偿后的接地电流不大于10 A,即XΣ(0)>1 710 Ω。
由式(5)、式(10)可得
$\frac{{\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{k}0}}{\stackrel{·}{U}\text{'}{\mathrm{ }}_{\mathrm{k}0}}$=1+$\frac{\mathrm{j}\frac{{R}_{\mathrm{f}}}{{R}_{\mathrm{b}}}{X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(0\right)}}{3{R}_{\mathrm{f}}+\mathrm{j}{X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(0\right)}}$
当并联电阻Rb取典型值30 Ω、过渡电阻Rf=1 000 Ω时可得
$\left|\frac{{\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{k}0}}{\stackrel{·}{U}\text{'}{\mathrm{ }}_{k0}}\right|$$\frac{\left|j\frac{{R}_{f}}{{R}_{b}}{X}_{\Sigma \left(0\right)}\right|}{\left|3{R}_{f}+\mathrm{j}{X}_{\Sigma \left(0\right)}\right|}$>$\frac{\frac{1\mathrm{ }000}{30}\times 1\mathrm{ }710}{\sqrt{3\mathrm{ }{000}^{2}+1\mathrm{ }{710}^{2}}}$=16.507
此时对应的KH=$\left|\frac{\stackrel{·}{U}\text{'}{\mathrm{ }}_{\mathrm{k}0}}{{\stackrel{·}{U}}_{\mathrm{k}0}}\right|$<$\frac{1}{16.507}$=0.061,且随过渡电阻Rf的增加,其值进一步变小,即表明对于高阻接地故障时其变化系数远小于1。同理当过渡电阻Rf=100 Ω时,KH=0.333,较过渡电阻Rf=1 000 Ω时略有增加,但对应的变化系数依旧远小于1。
由式(7)、式(12)可得故障线路的零序电流幅值在并联电阻投入后、投入前两阶段扰动变化系数为

KF=$\left|\frac{3\stackrel{·}{I}\text{'}{\mathrm{ }}_{0n}}{3{\stackrel{·}{I}}_{0n}}\right|$

=$\left|\left[\frac{\mathrm{j}3\frac{1}{{X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(0\right)}}-\frac{1}{{R}_{\mathrm{b}}}}{\mathrm{j}3\frac{1}{{X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(0\right)}}}\right]\frac{3{R}_{\mathrm{f}}+\mathrm{j}{X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(0\right)}}{3{R}_{\mathrm{f}}+\mathrm{j}{X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(0\right)}+\mathrm{j}\frac{{R}_{\mathrm{f}}}{{R}_{\mathrm{b}}}{X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(0\right)}}\right|$

=$\left|\frac{\mathrm{j}\left[9\frac{{R}_{\mathrm{f}}}{{X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(0\right)}}-\frac{{X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(0\right)}}{{R}_{\mathrm{b}}}\right]-\left(3+3\frac{{R}_{\mathrm{f}}}{{R}_{\mathrm{b}}}\right)}{\mathrm{j}9\frac{{R}_{\mathrm{f}}}{{X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(0\right)}}-\left(3+3\frac{{R}_{\mathrm{f}}}{{R}_{\mathrm{b}}}\right)}\right|$
要满足KF>1,只需确保式(17)成立即可。
$\frac{{X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(0\right)}}{{R}_{\mathrm{b}}}$-9$\frac{{R}_{\mathrm{f}}}{{X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(0\right)}}$≥9$\frac{{R}_{\mathrm{f}}}{{X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(0\right)}}$
即只需满足:${X}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }\left(0\right)}^{2}$>18RfRb
通常,为确保并联电阻投入后零序电流具有选择性,Rb取典型值30 Ω,当满足Rf<$\frac{1\mathrm{ }{710}^{2}}{18\times 30}$≈5 000 Ω时,式(17)所示关系大于1始终成立。
也即,对于消弧线圈接地系统,当单相接地过渡电阻在5 kΩ以下时,故障线路在并联电阻投入后零序电流呈增大特征,即两阶段零序电流幅值扰动变化比值KF>1。
通过对第1节的理论分析可知,发现在消弧线圈中性点并联电阻接地方式下,配电系统发生单相接地故障时,随着并联电阻的投入,故障线路的零序电流幅值较投入前有增大趋势,而健全线路的零序电流幅值为减小趋势,基于这一零序电流幅值扰动变化特征,设计如式(18)所示的单相接地故障选线判据。即
Ki=$\frac{{I}_{0i}^{\left(Ⅱ\right)}}{{I}_{0i}^{\left(\mathrm{{\rm I}}\right)}}$Kth
式(18)中:${I}_{0i}^{\left(\mathrm{{\rm I}}\right)}$(i=1,2,…,n)为并联电阻投入前的零序电流幅值;${I}_{0i}^{\left(Ⅱ\right)}$为并联电阻投入后的零序电流幅值;i为各馈线的编号。
计及系统模型误差、计算误差以及裕度等因素的影响,取Kth≥0.50;同时为了确保单相故障时较高的耐高阻能力,Kth≤1.00;最终阈值Kth取值范围为[0.50,1.00]。
若某条馈线在并联电阻投入后与投入前的零序电流幅值扰动变化系数Ki满足式(18)所示判据,则该线路为故障线路;否则,该线路为非故障线路。
在消弧线圈接地系统中,投入30 Ω的并联电阻,发生单相接地故障时,计算各馈线的零序电流幅值扰动变化系数Ki,故障选线的流程如图3所示。
(1)实时监测中性点零序电流,若其有效值3In>Iset(Iset为零序电流启动门槛),启动单相接地故障选线装置。
(2)发生瞬时性故障且故障电弧熄灭后,结束选线流程,无须投入并联小电阻;否则,采集各馈线零序电流并计算对应有效值${I}_{0i}^{\left(\mathrm{{\rm I}}\right)}$(i=1,2,…,n)。
(3)投入并联小电阻后,再次采集并计算各馈线零序电流${I}_{0i}^{\left(\mathrm{{\rm I}}\mathrm{{\rm I}}\right)}$(i=1,2,…,n)。
(4)根据式(18)计算各馈线Ki值,若馈线Ki>Kth,则馈线i为故障线路;否则判定为非故障线路。
为验证利用零序电流幅值扰动变化特征的故障选线判据的准确性与可行性,在MATLAB/Simulink建立图4中的10 kV小电流接地系统配电线路模型,配置并联小电阻Rb为30Ω,母线连接4条出线,线路具体参数如表1所示。消弧线圈采用10%过补偿度,Lp=1.293 H。
假设0.1 s在线路L1末端发生单相接地故障,0.6 s时投入并联电阻,图5给出了过渡电阻Rf=1 000 Ω时的仿真计算结果。为了分析方便,取式(18)所示判据中的门槛Kth=0.60。
图5所示的仿真结果可知,投入并联电阻后,由于系统的零序电压强制降低,任意健全线路的零序电流幅值较并联电阻投入前有所减小, 线路L2、L3、L4的零序电流幅值分别由4.170、3.299、2.246 A减小为0.952、0.753、0.513 A,对应的幅值扰动变化系数分别为:K2=0.228 2,K3=0.228 2,K4=0.228 4,均小于Kth,与前述理论分析一致。而线路L1在并联电阻投入之后由于线路等值零序阻抗变小,使得故障线路的零序电流幅值由并联电阻投入之前的1.095 A增大为3.968 A,对应的扰动变化系数为K1=3.624,大于门槛值Kth,判定线路L1为故障线路。
为了进一步验证所提选线判据的性能,接下来开展了不同过渡电阻、不同故障位置情况下的仿真计算分析。
假定0.1 s在线路L1发生单相接地故障,故障位于线路中间(故障点到线路首端的距离占线路全长的比例m=0.5),0.6 s时投入并联电阻,过渡电阻Rf在[100~5 000 Ω]范围内的各线路零序电流幅值扰动变化系数Ki计算结果如图6所示。
图6(a)可知,线路L1的扰动变化系数随过渡电阻的增大其幅值保持下降趋势,在过渡电阻Rf=100 Ω时,扰动变化系数K1=22.890,远大于门槛值Kth=0.60,满足判据(18),灵敏可靠判为故障线路;即使过渡电阻Rf=5 000 Ω时,其扰动变化系数K1=1.149与整定门槛Kth=0.60也存在较大的差异,依旧能够灵敏可靠判为故障线路。
图6(b)可知,当过渡电阻100 Ω时,线路L2、L3、L4的零序的扰动变化系数分别为K2=0.229 8,K3=0.229 7,K4=0.228 4,均小于门槛值Kth=0.60,判为非故障线路;随着过渡电阻的增大,任意健全线路的扰动变化系数呈减小趋势,与整定门槛Kth的差异进一步增大,更有利于故障线路和健全线路的甄别。
进一步以高阻单相接地故障Rf=5 000 Ω为例,验证在不同故障位置m在(0.1~0.9)范围内变化时判据的适应性,结果如图7所示。
图7可知,当经5 000 Ω的单相高阻接地故障时,不管是故障线路还是健全线路,各线路对应的零序电流幅值扰动变化系数Ki基本不受故障位置变化的影响。在过渡电阻经Rf=5 000 Ω高阻接地故障时,不同故障位置时线路L1的扰动变化系数最小值K1min=1.148 2,可靠满足K1>0.60的判据,识别为故障线路。而健全线路的Ki的最大值分别为K2max=0.422、K3max=0.042 4、K4max=0.042 4,与门槛Kth=0.60依旧差异明显,能够可靠识别为健全线路。
此外,通过对不同故障发生时刻、不同投切并联电阻时刻进行了仿真计算模拟,发现线路的零序电流扰动受故障时刻和并联电阻投切时刻影响较小,主要与并联电阻的阻值有关。大量的仿真计算验证了所提出的采用零序电流扰动变化特征高阻接地故障选线方案的正确性和有效性。
(1)针对消弧线圈接地配电系统,提出了一种利用中性点电阻接地前、后各线路零序电流的扰动变化特征的高阻接地故障选线方法。
(2)对于不超过5 000 Ω高阻单相接地故障,故障线路在并联电阻投入后其零序电流幅值增大,而健全线路零序电流则减小,且高阻故障时其减小程度更为显著,利用该扰动变化特征构建了故障选线判据。
(3)仿真计算验证了所提选线方案具有良好的耐高阻能力,基本不受故障位置、并联电阻投切时刻等因素影响,原理简单;且不需要利用零序电压,仅利用电流信息,易于实现,为过渡电阻最大不超过5 000 Ω的高阻接地故障检测提供了一种解决方案。
  • 宁夏自然科学基金(2023AAC03843)
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2025年第25卷第20期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404757
  • 接收时间:2024-06-25
  • 首发时间:2026-05-13
  • 出版时间:2025-07-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-25
  • 修回日期:2025-04-10
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宁夏自然科学基金(2023AAC03843)
作者信息
    1 国网宁夏电力有限公司, 银川 750001
    2 西安工程大学电子信息学院, 西安 710048

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* 邵文权(1978—),男,汉族,湖北竹山人,博士,教授。研究方向:电力系统继电保护、配电网故障处理。E-mail:
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