Article(id=1261262694468993806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1261262687258985194, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405161, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1720540800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-10, revisedDate=1744300800000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778638059489, onlineDateStr=2026-05-13, pubDate=1752768000000, pubDateStr=2025-07-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778638059489, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778638059489, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778638059489, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1261262687258985194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='20', pageStart='8317', pageEnd='8759', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778638057769, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778753106634, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1261745237240722095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1261262687258985194, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1261745237240722096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1261262687258985194, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=8371, endPage=8378, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1261262697061073699, articleId=1261262694468993806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Isotopic Characteristics and Its Indicating Significance of Longmuwan Geothermal Field in Hainan, columnId=1156262729351549255, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Astronomy and Geosciences, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to identify the characteristics of the geothermal field in Longmuwan, including its temperature field, hydrochemistry, and recharge sources, and to analyse its genetic model. The hydrogeochemistry, isotopes, and geothermal temperature measurement methods were employed, integrated with regional geological characteristics, the hydrochemical characteristics, heat reservoir temperature and recharge sources of the geothermal field were systematically analysed, and a conceptual genetic model was preliminarily constructed. The results indicate that the geothermal gradient of porous stratified reservoir is 5.23~8.25 ℃/100 m, while the fracture zoned reservoir has a gradient of 1.47~4.50 ℃/100 m, the deep heat reservoir temperature range is 87~115 ℃, with geothermal fluid circulation depths reaching 960~2 298 m in Longmuwan geothermal field. The hydrochemical types of geothermal fluid are HCO3-Na·Ca type and Cl·HCO3-Na type, primarily recharged by atmospheric precipitation. The calculated recharge elevation is 421~597 m, suggesting the recharge area is the hinterland of Jianfeng Ridge. Isotopic age results show that the formation age of geothermal water exceeds 6 000 a, and it has the characteristics of a long recharge pathway and slow groundwater flow.

, correspAuthors=Feng YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiao-lin WANG, Yong-peng YANG, Feng YANG, Chang-zhu LIU, Xin LI, Zhao-jie HUANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1261262704015229814, articleId=1261262694468993806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=海南龙沐湾地热田同位素特征及其指示意义, columnId=1156262730077163858, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·天文学、地球科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为查明龙沐湾地热田的地温场、水化学及补给来源等特征,分析地热田成因模式。利用水文地球化学、同位素及地温测量等方法,结合区域地质特征,系统分析龙沐湾地热田水化学特征、热储温度、补给来源,初步构建龙沐湾地热田成因概念模型。结果表明:龙沐湾地热田孔隙型层状热储地温梯度5.23~8.25 ℃/100 m,裂隙型带状热储地温梯度1.47~4.50 ℃/100 m,深部热储温度87~115 ℃,地热流体循环深度可达960~2 298 m。地热流体水化学类型为HCO3-Na·Ca和Cl·HCO3-Na型,主要补给来源为大气降水,计算补给高程为421~597 m,推断补给区域为尖峰岭腹地。同位素年龄结果表明:地热水形成年龄超过6 000 a,具有补给路径长、径流缓慢的特点。

, correspAuthors=杨峰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 杨峰(1987—),男,黎族,海南儋州人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:地热资源勘查与评价。E-mail:
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王晓林(1987—),男,汉族,山东济南人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:地热资源勘查与评价。E-mail:

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王晓林(1987—),男,汉族,山东济南人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:地热资源勘查与评价。E-mail:

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王晓林(1987—),男,汉族,山东济南人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:地热资源勘查与评价。E-mail:

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261262735891939536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261262694468993806, language=CN, label=图2, caption=研究区地热地质剖面图, figureFileSmall=pgj6cz2HtnEoqYoYLZP8Bg==, figureFileBig=3ARv7OtcRa5hoL35p0qbgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261262736282009813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261262694468993806, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Temperature measurement curve of the well ZK1、ZK2、ZK3(modified from ref.[23]), figureFileSmall=JMJ927R5llfY9CU3azEAaQ==, figureFileBig=Hmv4Cf4gXrYq15uMtllwGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261262736701440218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261262694468993806, language=CN, label=图3, caption=ZK1、ZK2、ZK3钻孔测温曲线(修改自文献[23]), figureFileSmall=JMJ927R5llfY9CU3azEAaQ==, figureFileBig=Hmv4Cf4gXrYq15uMtllwGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261262737192173791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261262694468993806, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Piper trilinear diagram of geothermal fluid in Longmuwan geothermal field, figureFileSmall=sbNEpECm0gDDIgRe4HEI3A==, figureFileBig=pZKrSKjZgAxRxO3LT3OJVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261262737603215589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261262694468993806, language=CN, label=图4, caption=龙沐湾地热田地热流体Piper三线图, figureFileSmall=sbNEpECm0gDDIgRe4HEI3A==, figureFileBig=pZKrSKjZgAxRxO3LT3OJVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261262737997480166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261262694468993806, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Plot of δD and δ18O of water sample in Longmuwan area, figureFileSmall=CmszlyufSfAXPiQknjx0uA==, figureFileBig=Jrtjw4XNnNXszvEPFa1uYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261262739620675819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261262694468993806, language=CN, label=图5, caption=龙沐湾地区水样氘氧同位素与大气降水线关系图, figureFileSmall=CmszlyufSfAXPiQknjx0uA==, figureFileBig=Jrtjw4XNnNXszvEPFa1uYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261262740052689140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261262694468993806, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Conceptual model of Longmuwan geothermal field, figureFileSmall=lDzdlnlrlAAJQrv8tEBaQA==, figureFileBig=CFr5YUZSvowB7NvRz2VZOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261262740715389179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261262694468993806, language=CN, label=图6, caption=龙沐湾地热田概念模型, figureFileSmall=lDzdlnlrlAAJQrv8tEBaQA==, figureFileBig=CFr5YUZSvowB7NvRz2VZOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261262741109653760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261262694468993806, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Statistical table of the well geothermal temperature in Longmuwan geothermal field

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孔号 孔深/m 孔隙型热储 热储底界
埋深/m
热储底界
温度/℃
孔底温
度/℃
孔隙型地温梯度/
[℃·(100 m)-1]
裂隙型地温梯度/
[℃·(100 m)-1]
平均地温梯度/
[℃·(100 m)-1]
ZK1 250.5 中粗砂、黏土质砂 148.8 32.9 34.4 5.34 1.47 3.95
ZK2 300.0 中粗砂、黏土质砂 220.0 45.0 48.6 8.25 4.50 8.40
ZK3 350.5 中粗砂、黏土质砂 284.0 44.4 47.0 5.23 3.91 6.61
), ArticleFig(id=1261262741365506311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261262694468993806, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

龙沐湾地热田钻孔地温统计

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孔号 孔深/m 孔隙型热储 热储底界
埋深/m
热储底界
温度/℃
孔底温
度/℃
孔隙型地温梯度/
[℃·(100 m)-1]
裂隙型地温梯度/
[℃·(100 m)-1]
平均地温梯度/
[℃·(100 m)-1]
ZK1 250.5 中粗砂、黏土质砂 148.8 32.9 34.4 5.34 1.47 3.95
ZK2 300.0 中粗砂、黏土质砂 220.0 45.0 48.6 8.25 4.50 8.40
ZK3 350.5 中粗砂、黏土质砂 284.0 44.4 47.0 5.23 3.91 6.61
), ArticleFig(id=1261262741709439245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261262694468993806, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Statistical analysis of hydrochemistry in Longmuwan geothermal field

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孔号 温度/
pH 含量/(mg·L-1)
K+ Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Cl- $\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}^{2-}$ ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{2-}$ ${\mathrm{H}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$ F- 矿化度 偏硅酸
ZK1 34.4 8.10 6.4 31.6 25.3 2.5 16.1 7.7 0 153 0.50 317 85.9 0.05 0.19 <0.1
ZK2 48.6 7.78 4.6 47.1 39.3 4.6 30.6 13.7 0 198 1.30 407 81.0 0.10 0.55 <0.1
ZK3 47.0 8.35 4.9 153.0 28.8 9.9 220.0 31.3 10 158 0.74 657 47.1 0.12 0.46 0.7
), ArticleFig(id=1261262741998846229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261262694468993806, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

龙沐湾地热田水化学分析统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔号 温度/
pH 含量/(mg·L-1)
K+ Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Cl- $\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}^{2-}$ ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{2-}$ ${\mathrm{H}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$ F- 矿化度 偏硅酸
ZK1 34.4 8.10 6.4 31.6 25.3 2.5 16.1 7.7 0 153 0.50 317 85.9 0.05 0.19 <0.1
ZK2 48.6 7.78 4.6 47.1 39.3 4.6 30.6 13.7 0 198 1.30 407 81.0 0.10 0.55 <0.1
ZK3 47.0 8.35 4.9 153.0 28.8 9.9 220.0 31.3 10 158 0.74 657 47.1 0.12 0.46 0.7
), ArticleFig(id=1261262742183395612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261262694468993806, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of hydrogen and oxygen isotope analyses of water sample in Longmuwan area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 采样类型 δD/‰ δ18O/‰
1号 井水 -63.5 -8.05
2号 井水 -49.0 -7.65
3号 井水 -53.0 -7.52
4号 河水 -47.3 -7.13
5号 井水 -45.2 -5.62
6号 井水 -68.6 -9.41
7号 井水 -58.9 -9.10
8号 井水 -64.5 -8.91
9号 井水 -68.4 -9.49
10号 井水 -58.2 -8.41
11号 井水 -57.9 -7.91
12号 泉水 -56.6 -7.85
13号 地表水 -50.8 -7.03
14号 井水 -50.5 -7.34
15号 泉水 -63.2 -8.77
16号 地表水 -75.0 -10.35
ZK2 地热水 -59.7 -8.45
ZK3 地热水 -55.3 -7.42
), ArticleFig(id=1261262744100192545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261262694468993806, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

龙沐湾地区水样氘氧同位素分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 采样类型 δD/‰ δ18O/‰
1号 井水 -63.5 -8.05
2号 井水 -49.0 -7.65
3号 井水 -53.0 -7.52
4号 河水 -47.3 -7.13
5号 井水 -45.2 -5.62
6号 井水 -68.6 -9.41
7号 井水 -58.9 -9.10
8号 井水 -64.5 -8.91
9号 井水 -68.4 -9.49
10号 井水 -58.2 -8.41
11号 井水 -57.9 -7.91
12号 泉水 -56.6 -7.85
13号 地表水 -50.8 -7.03
14号 井水 -50.5 -7.34
15号 泉水 -63.2 -8.77
16号 地表水 -75.0 -10.35
ZK2 地热水 -59.7 -8.45
ZK3 地热水 -55.3 -7.42
), ArticleFig(id=1261262744288936230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261262694468993806, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Estimated temperature of geothermal reservoir in Longmuwan geothermal field

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孔号 pH SiO2浓度/(mg·L-1) 估算热储温度/℃
ZK1 8.10 66.10 115.30
ZK2 7.78 62.30 112.36
ZK3 8.35 36.20 87.33
), ArticleFig(id=1261262744519622954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261262694468993806, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

龙沐湾地热田热储温度估算

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔号 pH SiO2浓度/(mg·L-1) 估算热储温度/℃
ZK1 8.10 66.10 115.30
ZK2 7.78 62.30 112.36
ZK3 8.35 36.20 87.33
), ArticleFig(id=1261262745186517297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261262694468993806, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Estimated circulation depth of geothermal water in Longmuwan geothermal field

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔号 热储温
度/℃
恒温带温
度/℃
地温梯度/
[℃·(100 m)-1]
推测循环
深度/m
ZK1 115.30 25.5 3.95 2 298
ZK2 112.36 25.5 8.40 1 059
ZK3 87.33 25.5 6.61 960
), ArticleFig(id=1261262745639502136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1261262694468993806, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

龙沐湾地热田估算地热水循环深度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔号 热储温
度/℃
恒温带温
度/℃
地温梯度/
[℃·(100 m)-1]
推测循环
深度/m
ZK1 115.30 25.5 3.95 2 298
ZK2 112.36 25.5 8.40 1 059
ZK3 87.33 25.5 6.61 960
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海南龙沐湾地热田同位素特征及其指示意义
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王晓林 1, 2 , 杨永鹏 1, 2 , 杨峰 1, 2, * , 柳长柱 1, 2 , 李信 1, 2 , 黄照杰 3
科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025,25(20): 8371-8378
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025, 25(20): 8371-8378
海南龙沐湾地热田同位素特征及其指示意义
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王晓林1, 2 , 杨永鹏1, 2, 杨峰1, 2, * , 柳长柱1, 2, 李信1, 2, 黄照杰3
作者信息
  • 1 海南省海洋地质资源与环境重点实验室, 海口 570206
  • 2 海南省地质调查院, 海口 570206
  • 3 海南省生态环境地质调查院, 海口 570206
  • 王晓林(1987—),男,汉族,山东济南人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:地热资源勘查与评价。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 杨峰(1987—),男,黎族,海南儋州人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:地热资源勘查与评价。E-mail:
Isotopic Characteristics and Its Indicating Significance of Longmuwan Geothermal Field in Hainan
Xiao-lin WANG1, 2 , Yong-peng YANG1, 2, Feng YANG1, 2, * , Chang-zhu LIU1, 2, Xin LI1, 2, Zhao-jie HUANG3
Affiliations
  • 1 Hainan Key Laboratory of Marine Geological Resources and Environment, Haikou 570206, China
  • 2 Hainan Geological Survey Institute, Haikou 570206, China
  • 3 Hainan Ecological Environment Geological Survey Institute, Haikou 570206, China
出版时间: 2025-07-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405161
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为查明龙沐湾地热田的地温场、水化学及补给来源等特征,分析地热田成因模式。利用水文地球化学、同位素及地温测量等方法,结合区域地质特征,系统分析龙沐湾地热田水化学特征、热储温度、补给来源,初步构建龙沐湾地热田成因概念模型。结果表明:龙沐湾地热田孔隙型层状热储地温梯度5.23~8.25 ℃/100 m,裂隙型带状热储地温梯度1.47~4.50 ℃/100 m,深部热储温度87~115 ℃,地热流体循环深度可达960~2 298 m。地热流体水化学类型为HCO3-Na·Ca和Cl·HCO3-Na型,主要补给来源为大气降水,计算补给高程为421~597 m,推断补给区域为尖峰岭腹地。同位素年龄结果表明:地热水形成年龄超过6 000 a,具有补给路径长、径流缓慢的特点。

地热田  /  地温梯度  /  同位素  /  地热温标  /  龙沐湾  /  海南

In order to identify the characteristics of the geothermal field in Longmuwan, including its temperature field, hydrochemistry, and recharge sources, and to analyse its genetic model. The hydrogeochemistry, isotopes, and geothermal temperature measurement methods were employed, integrated with regional geological characteristics, the hydrochemical characteristics, heat reservoir temperature and recharge sources of the geothermal field were systematically analysed, and a conceptual genetic model was preliminarily constructed. The results indicate that the geothermal gradient of porous stratified reservoir is 5.23~8.25 ℃/100 m, while the fracture zoned reservoir has a gradient of 1.47~4.50 ℃/100 m, the deep heat reservoir temperature range is 87~115 ℃, with geothermal fluid circulation depths reaching 960~2 298 m in Longmuwan geothermal field. The hydrochemical types of geothermal fluid are HCO3-Na·Ca type and Cl·HCO3-Na type, primarily recharged by atmospheric precipitation. The calculated recharge elevation is 421~597 m, suggesting the recharge area is the hinterland of Jianfeng Ridge. Isotopic age results show that the formation age of geothermal water exceeds 6 000 a, and it has the characteristics of a long recharge pathway and slow groundwater flow.

geothermal field  /  geothermal gradient  /  isotopes  /  geothermometer  /  Longmuwan  /  Hainan
王晓林, 杨永鹏, 杨峰, 柳长柱, 李信, 黄照杰. 海南龙沐湾地热田同位素特征及其指示意义. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (20) : 8371 -8378 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405161
Xiao-lin WANG, Yong-peng YANG, Feng YANG, Chang-zhu LIU, Xin LI, Zhao-jie HUANG. Isotopic Characteristics and Its Indicating Significance of Longmuwan Geothermal Field in Hainan[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (20) : 8371 -8378 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405161
地热资源是具有分布广泛、可持续利用、经济且稳定可靠的可再生绿色能源[1-5],面对传统化石能源短缺及能源转型的要求,受到全球各地及广大研究学者的高度关注。中国的地热资源相对较丰富,其中水热型地热资源量折合标准煤为12 500亿t[6],水热型地热资源以沉积盆地型为主,其资源量约占水热型地热资源总量的89%[7],具有较大的开发潜力。作为新兴能源的地热能,其合理开发利用对于应对能源危机和能源结构化转型,助力中国双碳目标的实现,具有十分重要的现实意义。
近年来,中国学者开展了较多的中低温及高温水热型地热资源研究工作,取得了较丰富的研究成果并应用于开发利用方面。高温地热研究工作主要集中在以滇藏地热带为主的藏南、滇西、川西等地,以及环太平洋地热带的中国台湾省[8]。高温地热资源因其热储温度较高,具有重要的开发利用价值,在地热发电、地热供暖、工业烘干等方面发挥巨大的作用。中低温地热研究工作在中国主要地热分布区均有开展。王贵玲等[9]利用大陆科学钻探松科二井对松辽盆地深部地温场进行分析,提出了松辽盆地坳陷层控型地热系统的成因机制。刘雨晨等[10]研究发现,松辽盆地现今温度分布主要受成盆演化动力学背景、岩石热物性特征、岩浆作用等多种因素影响。汪浩等[11]结合前人研究成果分析雄县地热开采区地热资源成因机制并评价了地热资源储量。郝杰等[12]评价了唐山北部蓟县系雾迷山组白云岩热储资源,具有埋藏深、水温高、涌水量大等特征。王贵玲等[13]总结了京津冀地区地热资源成藏模式,分析了地热资源开发潜力。高宗军等[14]利用104 组样品测试数据分析了山东省地热水化学特征及赋存特征。杜丽等[15]利用气体地球化学方法研究发现温泉水可能是由地表水深循环受热后,沿地震造成的有利通道上升、运移形成。闫晓雪等[16]通过钻孔测温及热导率测试,得出赣县地区平均大地热流值为75.9 mW/m2及花岗岩体平均放射性生热率为5.68 μW/m3,推测研究区热源机制为“地下水深循环加热+高产热花岗岩体生热”的模式。甘浩男等[17]研究了黄沙洞地热田岩石圈热-流变结构及热源,结果表明,该地区为温壳温幔型岩石圈热结构,以地壳构造活动产热为主。张家文等[18]通过水文地球化学方法分析尼格地区热泉成因,热源为上地幔热流供热与放射性衰变生热构成的复合型热源。高芳蕾等[19]分析了海南岛地质构造、岩浆岩与温泉分布关系,地下热水由偏高的区域热流在深部供热,与岩浆作用无关,出露受区内NE、EW向深大断裂控制。中低温地热资源具有较高的开发利用价值,在地热供暖、地热制冷、温泉洗浴、医疗康养、温室种植等方面也具有广泛的应用。
龙沐湾是海南岛西南部沿海旅游度假区,其周边旅游资源丰富,分布有尖峰岭热带雨林国家公园、最美落日海滩等优美的自然景观,海南环岛铁路和环岛高速也从其境内穿过。丰富的自然资源、便利的交通设施、独特的气候条件,促使龙沐湾旅游开发价值逐年提升。地热资源作为龙沐湾众多自然资源中的一种,其勘探、开发和利用,对于当地旅游生态、能源结构及绿色发展都具有极大的帮助作用。
以往勘探成果表明,龙沐湾地热田为孔隙-裂隙复合型的水热型地热资源,虽然在地热勘探中已经取得了丰富的成果,但对地热田的边界控制、地温场特征及成因模式等方面还未开展系统性的研究工作。鉴于此,基于勘探成果,利用地球化学、同位素及地温测量等方法,对地热田的地温场、水化学、补给水源、热储温度等进行分析,构建复合型地热田成因模型,为地热田的合理开发利用提供指导,为其他地区复合型地热田研究工作提供经验。
依据已有区域地质[20-21]及勘探资料,研究区地层自上而下为第四系和新近系地层。其中,第四系地层[图1(a)]有全新统(Qh)、全新统烟墩组(Qh3y)、上更新统八所组(Qp3bs)、中更新统北海组(Qp2b),出露于地表,岩性以砂为主,厚度2~10 m;下更新统秀英组(Qp1x),呈隐伏分布,岩性为黏土、粉质黏土等,厚度9~29 m。新近系分上新统望楼港组(N2w)和上中新统佛罗组(N1f),岩性为粉质黏土、黏土质砂等,厚度总体上呈现由山前向西部沿海地区逐渐变厚(图2)。
研究区内基底岩体呈隐伏分布,属于海西-印支期侵入花岗岩体,岩性为黑云母正长花岗岩,主要矿物成份为长石、石英、角闪石、黑云母等,顶板埋深155~279 m,由北向南逐渐增大,与上覆佛罗组地层呈不整合接触关系(图2)。
研究区地表分布河湖相和滨海相的松散沉积物,区内构造呈隐伏分布。根据以往区域地质资料[20]显示,研究区位于尖峰-吊罗断裂带西段南侧和九所-陵水断裂带西段西北部[图1(b)],两条深大断裂构造对周围温泉分布起着控制性作用。尖峰-吊罗断裂带展布区航磁异常表现为东西向带状异常,重力异常则表现为重力低值带。沿断裂带分布有大量燕山期花岗岩,组成巨大的东西向花岗岩穹隆构造带。沿九所-陵水断裂带分布有短促、稳定的带状磁异常,异常轴向呈东西向,应是各种地质体组成的巨大的花岗岩穹隆构造带的综合反映,该构造带展布区内断裂带、挤压破碎带十分发育。
龙沐湾地热田热储是由孔隙型层状热储和裂隙型带状热储组成的复合型热储。其中,层状热储为新近系上中新统佛罗组的灰色、灰绿色的中粗砂、黏土质砂、砂砾质黏土,厚度11.7~50.7 m;带状热储为三叠纪花岗岩,顶板埋深155~302 m,由北东向南西埋深逐渐增大[21]。盖层为新近系上新统望楼港组及第四系的黏土、粉质黏土,厚度为115~165 m,平均厚度约141 m,是良好的热储盖层[22]
依托地热田勘探工作,采集地热矿泉水分析样品3 件、氘氧同位素样品18 件、放射性同位素14C样品2 件,同时开展地温测量等工作,结合收集资料,开展系统性分析研究。
本次研究工作收集的区域地质资料主要包括:①区域基础地质资料,包括2017 年出版的《中国区域地质志·海南志》及以往1∶50 000区域地质调查成果;②海南地质综合勘察设计院形成的《乐东龙沐湾国际旅游度假区热矿水资源评价报告》;③海南省地质调查院编制的《海南省乐东县龙沐湾孔隙-裂隙型地热田热矿水预可行性勘查报告》。
本次研究区施工的三口地热钻孔,成井深度250.51~350.50 m,成井工艺参照《水文水井地质钻探规程》(DZ/T 0148—2014)要求,上部沉积地层下入无缝钢管作为护壁管及滤水管,下部基岩不下管采用裸孔形式。钻孔施工完成24 h后,使用PSJ-2A型数字测井系统在钻孔中开展连续井中井温测量工作。
水文地球化学样品在抽水试验工作结束后进行采集。矿泉水分析样品采用硬质棕色玻璃瓶及无色聚乙烯瓶采集,采样数量大于5 L,由海南省地质测试研究中心采用双道原子荧光光度计(型号:AFS-3 000)、分光光度计(型号:751-GW)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(型号:ICAP 6300 Duo)完成样品的测试分析工作;氘氧同位素样品使用100 mL高密度聚乙烯瓶采集,样瓶取满后密封,送往自然资源部岩溶地质资源环境检测中心,使用稳定同位素质谱仪(型号:MAT253)进行同位素水平衡法在线测定;14C同位素样品采集使用1 L聚乙烯样桶,采集完成后送往西安加速器质谱中心检查分析,利用加速器质谱仪进行测试分析。以上测试单位均有相应检测资质,检测数据真实有效。
根据以往工作资料,海南岛恒温带深度约25 m,恒温带地温与当地地表年平均气温大致相同,采用25.5 ℃。
地热钻孔在垂向上的测温数据受热储岩性、埋藏深度、盖层厚度及基岩岩性、裂隙发育、构造等影响,数据变化较大(图3)。根据龙沐湾地热田钻孔测温数据得出,地热田北部ZK1 孔孔隙型热储地温梯度5.34 ℃/100 m,裂隙型热储地温梯度1.47 ℃/100 m,平均地温梯度3.95 ℃/100 m,在花岗岩层中地温梯度显著变小;地热田中部ZK2 孔孔隙型热储地温梯度8.25 ℃/100 m,裂隙型热储地温梯度4.50 ℃/100 m,平均地温梯度8.40 ℃/100 m,花岗岩层中地温梯度明显减小;地热田南部ZK3 孔孔隙型热储地温梯度5.23 ℃/100 m,裂隙型热储地温梯度3.91 ℃/100 m,平均地温梯度6.61 ℃/100 m,花岗岩层中地温梯度也降低变小(表1图3)。
分析龙沐湾地热田测温资料可知,上部孔隙层状热储层地温梯度为5.23~8.25 ℃/100 m,下部裂隙带状热储层地温梯度为1.47~4.50 ℃/100 m,孔隙型热储地温梯度明显高于裂隙型热储地温梯度,这可能与裂隙带状热储中地下水对流强烈,地温变化小有关。总体上,地温场受构造、基底起伏、热储岩性、盖层厚度及地下水活动等因素影响。
龙沐湾地热田地热流体pH 7.78~8.35,平均值8.08,属于中性-弱碱性地下水。依据地热流体中常规离子的毫克当量百分比,以25%为界限(舒卡列夫分类),将百分比大于25%的阴阳离子组合起来,确定其水化学类型为HCO3-Na·Ca型和Cl·HCO3-Na型。利用绘制的地热田Piper三线图(图4)分析可知,测试样品中的钠离子毫克当量百分比均超过40%、镁离子毫克当量百分比均低于20%,2/3的钙离子毫克当量百分比超过40%;重碳酸氢根离子毫克当量百分比均超过30%,硫酸根离子毫克当量百分比均低于20%,1/3的氯离子毫克当量百分比超过60%。说明该地热田地热流体化学组分中,阳离子以Na+占优势、Ca2+次之,阴离子以HC${\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$为主、Cl-次之。这种差异化的离子分布说明地热流体的补径排条件、溶滤条件存在一定的差异。
地热水接受大气降雨入渗补给,在径流过程中与酸性花岗岩接触发生溶滤作用,随着温度升高溶解度变大,形成HCO3-Na·Ca型水。Cl·HCO3-Na型水的形成可能与地热水在深部混入海水有关。
地热流体中蕴含着对人体有益的微量元素,参照理疗热矿水水质评价标准,氟离子含量为0.5~1.3 mg/L(表2),偏硅酸含量为47.1~85.9 mg/L(表2),可以命名为含氟、硅的理疗热矿水。偏硅酸与氟化物浓度受溶滤作用、水岩相互作用影响较大。温度升高,矿物盐类溶解度增大,偏硅酸和氟化物浓度升高。地热流体与富含氟化物和偏硅酸矿物的围岩接触及相互作用,亦使其含量增加。
龙沐湾地区地下水氘同位素δD和氧同位素δ18O数值变化不大(表3),δD为-45.2‰~-75‰,δ18O为-5.62‰~-10.35‰。通过研究海南岛各地氘氧同位素数据,拟合出海南岛大气降水线方程为:δD=7.37δ18O+11.07。因存在纬度效应、大陆效应及高度效应等,不同地区的大气降水线略有差异,全球大气降水线为:δD=8δ18O+10。将龙沐湾地区的氘氧同位素数据与大气降水线(图5)对比分析,大多数数据集中在大气降水线位置,个别数据出现不同程度的氧同位素漂移现象,符合地热流体形成规律,推断龙沐湾地区地热流体主要由大气降水进行补给。
根据降水中氘氧同位素随地下水补给高程的增加而减小的这一高程效应,可为地热流体补给高程计算和位置信息确定提供方法[24-25]。补给高程的计算公式为
$H={H}_{0}+\frac{D-{D}_{0}}{g}$
式(1)中:H为地热流体补给区高程,m;H0为参考点高程,m;D为地热流体的δ2H值,‰;D0为周边大气降水的δ2H值,‰;g为δ2H值随高程递减梯度,‰/100 m,中国西南地区g为-2.5‰/100 m[26]
根据测试分析结果,钻孔ZK02和ZK03地热流体氢同位素值分别为-59.7‰和-55.3‰(表3),参考点氢同位素值采取附近潜水中测试值-45.2‰,参考点高程17 m。计算结果显示,地热流体的补给高程范围为421~597 m,结合周边地形地貌特征综合判断,补给区域可能位于研究区东北方向尖峰岭一带。
放射性同位素14C半衰期为5 730 a,常被用来测定500~35 000 a的年老地下水。根据ZK2和ZK3地热水14C分析结果表明,现代碳百分比pMC分别为44.39%±0.20%、9.75%±0.10%,距今年代a BP分别为(6 525±35) a、(18 700±80) a,说明该地区地热水的补给路径较长,地下水的径流较缓慢,地热水的年龄大于6 000 a。
通过分析本次勘探及以往成果资料,龙沐湾地热田属于兼具层状热储和带状热储特征的复合型低温地热田。层状热储为新近系上中新统佛罗组的中粗砂、黏土质砂,为孔隙型热储结构,热储底界埋深一般155~302 m;带状热储为三叠纪花岗岩,为裂隙型热储结构。新近系望楼港组及第四系的粉质黏土、黏土共同组成了热储盖层,其平均厚度在100 m以上,此盖层具有良好的隔水性和较弱的导热性,属于优良的热储体保温盖层。地热田热源主要来自深部地壳或上地幔的热传导,地下深部的热量通过岩层向上传导,对围岩进行加热,地热水也随着深度增加而温度逐渐升高。地热钻孔在钻遇花岗岩后,通过测温曲线(图3)及裂隙型热储地温梯度(表1)发现,温度虽然有一定升高,但随着深度增加升温较慢,说明岩浆余热对地热增温影响较小,余热已基本消失殆尽。
地热水的产生源自于地下水的下渗过程,其间地下水历经深循环,吸收了围岩的热量,与周围岩石产生水岩交互作用,从而导致水中的化学成分以及同位素出现变化。整体上来说,龙沐湾地热田属于正常大地热流背景下形成的热传导与热对流相互叠加的中低温地热资源。
利用计算法估算深部热储温度是在地热资源勘查中常用的工作方法,其中应用最广的为地球化学温标法。地热水形成过程中,径流途径长、速度慢,接触围岩复杂,受到水岩相互作用影响和制约,离子组分变化大,而SiO2含量十分稳定[27]。综合考虑地热温标的适用条件[28],结合研究区地热地质条件及水化学特征,选取石英地热温标估算地热田热储温度,其计算公式为
$t=\frac{1\mathrm{ }309}{5.19-\mathrm{l}\mathrm{g}C}-273.15$
式(2)中:t为热储温度,℃;C为水中SiO2的浓度,mg/L。
通过石英地热温标计算得出研究区热储温度为87.33~115.30 ℃,对比分析钻孔出水口温度,推测深部存在更高温度的地热资源。
根据研究区地热孔测温资料,可知龙沐湾地热田平均地温梯度(表1),通过估算研究区热储温度(表4)反算出地热水循环深度,其计算公式为
$H=\frac{t-{t}_{0}}{r}+h$
式(3)中:H为循环深度,m;t为热储温度,℃;t0为恒温带温度,℃;r为地温梯度,℃/m;h为恒温带深度,m。
经计算龙沐湾地热田地热水的循环深度为960~2 298 m(表5),比目前已揭露的钻孔深约600~2 000 m,说明深部裂隙型带状热储中还存在地下水的循环。
根据前文氘氧同位素结果推断,龙沐湾地热田地热流体主要由大气降水进行补给。龙沐湾地区地处热带季风气候区,从龙沐湾沿海地区到东北部尖峰岭年平均降水量1 300~3 500 mm,东北部尖峰岭海拔超1 400 m,尖峰-吊罗深大断裂从中穿过,区域构造活动强烈,次级断裂发育,对地下水的形成、径流、赋存等产生较大的影响。龙沐湾属于尖峰岭地区山前自流斜地,尖峰岭海拔较高,具有一定的补给优势,因此推测尖峰岭为龙沐湾地热水主要补给来源区。
龙沐湾地热流体主要是受东西向尖峰-吊罗深大断裂的控制,来自尖峰岭地区的大气降水沿深大断裂带向下入渗,期间不断吸收围岩热量,致使地下水温度不断升高。受地势高低的影响,当地下水垂直渗流至特定深度后开始作水平径流至龙沐湾新近系盆地,在承压水头作用下地下水顺着构造破碎带向上越流补给新近系孔隙承压含水层(图6)。因此,尖峰-吊罗深大断裂及次级断裂构造破碎带构成了地热流体循环的径流通道。
对海南龙沐湾地热田热储的水化学、同位素、地温场等特征进行分析,结合区域地质背景资料,建立地热田成因概念模型,得出以下主要结论。
(1)龙沐湾地热田孔隙型层状热储地温梯度5.23~8.25 ℃/100 m,裂隙型带状热储地温梯度1.47~4.50 ℃/100 m,裂隙型带状热储地温梯度总体上小于孔隙型层状热储地温梯度。
(2)龙沐湾地热田地热流体水化学类型为HCO3-Na·Ca和Cl·HCO3-Na型,偏硅酸含量为47.1~85.9 mg/L,已达到命名为硅热矿水的浓度。
(3)龙沐湾地热田地热流体主要补给来源为大气降水,计算补给高程421~597 m,推断补给区域为研究区东北方向尖峰岭腹地。放射性同位素14C结果显示,地热水形成年龄超过6 000 a,具补给路径长、径流缓慢等特征。
(4)通过石英地热温标对地热田热储温度进行估算,推测深部地热资源温度87~115 ℃,推测循环深度960~2 298 m。
(5)基于水文地质、地球化学及同位素研究结果,初步构建龙沐湾地热田热水形成概念模型,受深部地壳或上地幔热传导影响,地下水沿深大断裂垂直渗流接受围岩热传导使其温度升高,在水头压力作用下经次级的构造破碎带越流补给新近系孔隙承压水,形成龙沐湾复合型地热资源。
  • 海南省海洋地质资源与环境重点实验室课题(23-HNHYDZZYHJZZ007)
  • 原海南省国土资源厅项目(HNZC15-023-002H)
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2025年第25卷第20期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405161
  • 接收时间:2024-07-10
  • 首发时间:2026-05-13
  • 出版时间:2025-07-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-10
  • 修回日期:2025-04-11
基金
海南省海洋地质资源与环境重点实验室课题(23-HNHYDZZYHJZZ007)
原海南省国土资源厅项目(HNZC15-023-002H)
作者信息
    1 海南省海洋地质资源与环境重点实验室, 海口 570206
    2 海南省地质调查院, 海口 570206
    3 海南省生态环境地质调查院, 海口 570206

通讯作者:

* 杨峰(1987—),男,黎族,海南儋州人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:地热资源勘查与评价。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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