Article(id=1245407867092714401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156262727438951343, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402823, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1713369600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-18, revisedDate=1722268800000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774857974074, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=1741363200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774857974074, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774857974074, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774857974074, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156262727438951343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='7', pageStart='2193', pageEnd='3077', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753604116544, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753771263994, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156963794699248405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156262727438951343, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156963794699248406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156262727438951343, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2914, endPage=2924, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245407869324083345, articleId=1245407867092714401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Modelling and Numerical Analysis of the Dynamic Response of Soft Rock Tunnels, columnId=1156262729917780302, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the deformation characteristics of tunnels under impact and blast loads, A combination of model testing and numerical simulation was proposed to analyze the damage behavior and patterns under various dynamic loading conditions. The Hailuogou Tunnel was studied, and a combination of model testing and numerical simulation was utilized. Initially, an impact test was performed on the scaled-down physical tunnel model. Subsequently, numerical analysis of the tunnel model was conducted and verified. Then, a comparison was made between the tunnel deformation results of the scaled model and the prototype model under impact load. Finally, the effect of blasting load on the deformation of the prototype tunnel was analyzed. The results indicated that the proposed method accurately reflected the actual impact load’s effect on tunnel deformation. Additionally, the numerical analysis results of the scaled tunnel model closely matched the test results. Moreover, the deformation of the top of the prototype tunnel under the impact load was approximately 10 times greater than that of the scaled tunnel model, and it aligned well with the deformation caused by a blasting load equivalent to 500 kg of TNT. The impact load effectively simulated damage to the tunnel vault. Increasing the depth of cover and reducing the impact load represented effective measures to mitigate significant tunnel damage. The challenges of on-site testing during surface blasting are surmounted by this study’s findings. Additionally, a cost-effective, safe, and dependable testing approach is furnished for analyzing the destructive behaviors and modes of tunnels under various dynamic loads. Furthermore, technical support is offered for the safe and economical design of tunnels with optimized blasting loads.

, correspAuthors=Su-qiang LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Pu-jun CHEN, Feng XIAO, Xing-yuan WANG, Yong-qiang YANG, Su-qiang LI, Wei GUO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1245407873866514986, articleId=1245407867092714401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=软岩隧道动力响应模型试验与数值分析, columnId=1156262730517565784, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·建筑科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究冲击荷载和爆炸荷载作用下隧道变形行为特征,提出了一种模型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法来分析不同动态荷载条件下隧道的损伤行为和模式。以海螺沟隧道为研究对象,采用模型试验和数值模拟相结合的方式,首先对缩尺物理隧道模型进行冲击测试,接着对隧道模型进行数值分析并完成验证,然后对比了小比例隧道模型和原型模型在冲击荷载下的隧道变形结果,最后分析了爆破荷载对原型隧道变形的影响。研究结果表明:本研究提出方法能够真实反映实际冲击荷载对隧道变形的影响;缩尺隧道模型的数值分析结果与试验结果较为吻合;在冲击荷载作用下,原型隧道顶部的约为缩尺物理模型的10倍;原型隧道数值模型在冲击荷载作用下顶部变形量与500 kg TNT爆破荷载造成的变形较为一致,利用冲击荷载可有效模拟爆破载荷对隧道拱顶的损伤情况;增大覆盖深度和减小冲击荷载是避免隧道造成重大损伤的有效举措。本研究的成果克服了地表爆破时现场测试的困难,为分析隧道在不同动态荷载作用下的破坏行为和模式提供一种低成本、安全可靠的测试方法,为优化爆破荷载的隧道安全、经济的设计提供技术支撑。

, correspAuthors=李肃强, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 李肃强(1979—),男,汉族,湖北武汉人,博士,副教授。研究方向:隧道工程。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ofop8Ye6cMd5Jb3VuZqLaA==, magXml=tcna2KAa6Kt1qYgTwDPL/w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=FAf7paHABiWlyeWsPCLfVQ==, pdfFileSize=21372130, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=RyQeug0EmeVH+8h/KCjcsQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=xLQpFqOhAjZR2zCqCL+XhA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

陈甫君(1976—),男,汉族,四川资中人,高级工程师。研究方向:路桥、隧道工程施工技术。E-mail:

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陈甫君(1976—),男,汉族,四川资中人,高级工程师。研究方向:路桥、隧道工程施工技术。E-mail:

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陈甫君(1976—),男,汉族,四川资中人,高级工程师。研究方向:路桥、隧道工程施工技术。E-mail:

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Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2023, 25: 3285-3297., articleTitle=Dynamic mechanical properties and failure behaviors of brittle rock materials with a tunnel-shaped opening subjected to impact loads, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245407886155825278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=11, issue=3, pageStart=1687814019834473, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Zhang Q, Wang W, Bai S, journalName=Advances in Mechanical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Q, Wang W, Bai S, et al. Response analysis of tunnel lining structure under impact and fire loading[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 11(3): 1687814019834473., articleTitle=Response analysis of tunnel lining structure under impact and fire loading, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245407886260682881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=35, issue=4, pageStart=1, pageEnd=40, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=31, authorNames=《中国公路学报》编辑部, journalName=中国公路学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=《中国公路学报》编辑部. 中国交通隧道工程学术研究综述·2022[J]. 中国公路学报, 2022, 35(4): 1-40., articleTitle=中国交通隧道工程学术研究综述·2022, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245407886365540484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=35, issue=4, pageStart=1, pageEnd=40, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Editorial Department of China Journal of Highway and Transport, journalName=China Journal of Highway and Transport, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Editorial Department of China Journal of Highway and Transport. Review on China’s traffic tunnel engineering research, 2022[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2022, 35(4): 1-40., articleTitle=Review on China’s traffic tunnel engineering research, 2022, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1245407883270144039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, awardId=51978580, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(51978580), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1245407874181087808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245407874185282114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, companyId=1245407874181087808, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Sichuan Traffic Construction Group Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245407874193670722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, companyId=1245407874181087808, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 四川省交通建设集团有限责任公司, 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1245407874311111247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245407874315305551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, companyId=1245407874311111247, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Sichuan Lushi Expressway Co., Ltd., Ganzi 626100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245407874323694161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, companyId=1245407874311111247, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 四川泸石高速公路有限责任公司, 甘孜 626100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1245407874462106202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245407874474689116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, companyId=1245407874462106202, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245407874483077725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, companyId=1245407874462106202, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 西南交通大学土木工程学院, 成都 610031)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1245407878346031973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Raw materials for sample preparation, figureFileSmall=xbKpsw8PeVZLRUkbhYGbOQ==, figureFileBig=RyQeug0EmeVH+8h/KCjcsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407878438306668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=CN, label=图1, caption=制备试样所用原材料, figureFileSmall=xbKpsw8PeVZLRUkbhYGbOQ==, figureFileBig=RyQeug0EmeVH+8h/KCjcsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407878677382007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Specimen failure mode and stress-strain curve, figureFileSmall=3+1YqG8jBEYXOu5CttzLtw==, figureFileBig=EEfytlpGsaMJVT8+0t4hAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407878773851005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=CN, label=图2, caption=试样破坏模式及应力应变曲线, figureFileSmall=3+1YqG8jBEYXOu5CttzLtw==, figureFileBig=EEfytlpGsaMJVT8+0t4hAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407878874514305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Schematic diagram of the physical model of the tunnel, figureFileSmall=DICVrO7WH43V5ilSYtVf7g==, figureFileBig=PsbbulW+Bw0gLWZQPAItfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407879033897864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=CN, label=图3, caption=隧道物理模型示意图, figureFileSmall=DICVrO7WH43V5ilSYtVf7g==, figureFileBig=PsbbulW+Bw0gLWZQPAItfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407879159726989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Impact test equipment, figureFileSmall=8a/mO49vHKTqO0dPg4pHDQ==, figureFileBig=WCI9C79vriM6COYhvt03Mg==, tableContent=null), 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journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Finite element modelling of Hailuogou tunnel, figureFileSmall=yexPu5INqWyrDQVp4TLg6A==, figureFileBig=K67tRfS6f1UzCFee+LPwwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407879709180842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=CN, label=图6, caption=海螺沟隧道有限元模型, figureFileSmall=yexPu5INqWyrDQVp4TLg6A==, figureFileBig=K67tRfS6f1UzCFee+LPwwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407879805649836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Impact force and strain of specimens with different mesh sizes, figureFileSmall=B4fu3lhHRMLgxQLV1SHMsg==, figureFileBig=+MklFioIZFQEuE943V5NtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407879939867569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同网格尺寸试样的冲击力和应变, figureFileSmall=B4fu3lhHRMLgxQLV1SHMsg==, figureFileBig=+MklFioIZFQEuE943V5NtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407880065696693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Deformation under impact loading in

unlined tunnels

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ArticleFig(id=1245407880548041673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Deformation profile of numerical analysis and experimental analysis of lining tunnel, figureFileSmall=JIjv5dXOiFyRyavkl5h8dA==, figureFileBig=kWqRRNLTxEaaMxMisBA0hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407880631927758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=CN, label=图10, caption=衬砌隧道数值分析和试验分析的变形剖面, figureFileSmall=JIjv5dXOiFyRyavkl5h8dA==, figureFileBig=kWqRRNLTxEaaMxMisBA0hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407880736785362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Deformation profile of unlined tunnel in numerical analysis and experimental analysis, figureFileSmall=LT8lBq0DZ5y8nMh81Nzcqw==, figureFileBig=tNkdSMzsz2WQxuCmvQcowA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407880854225880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=CN, label=图11, caption=无衬砌隧道数值分析和试验分析的变形剖面, figureFileSmall=LT8lBq0DZ5y8nMh81Nzcqw==, figureFileBig=tNkdSMzsz2WQxuCmvQcowA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407880950694876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Deformation curve of lining tunnel under different materials, figureFileSmall=McVkoIymGv5xbDV3I9RTCA==, figureFileBig=nzgS6LwBUNEQlALL0eGQSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407881051358178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=CN, label=图12, caption=不同围岩材料衬砌隧道同一冲击荷载下变形曲线, figureFileSmall=McVkoIymGv5xbDV3I9RTCA==, figureFileBig=nzgS6LwBUNEQlALL0eGQSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407881152021477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Effect of depth of cover on deformation in unlined tunnels, figureFileSmall=S4MwWZ0jkbeyBux/pv3niA==, figureFileBig=2ozo84gkTFU7djYfFGtZyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407881336570857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=CN, label=图13, caption=覆盖深度对无衬砌隧道变形的影响, figureFileSmall=S4MwWZ0jkbeyBux/pv3niA==, figureFileBig=2ozo84gkTFU7djYfFGtZyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407881441428458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Deformation of the top of the tunnel under different blasting loads, figureFileSmall=zzMxTjXICvpWxfUg7qaPTg==, figureFileBig=xLKZR/0/IduFSqIpF0h2BA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407881504343022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=CN, label=图14, caption=不同爆破荷载下隧道顶部的变形情况, figureFileSmall=zzMxTjXICvpWxfUg7qaPTg==, figureFileBig=xLKZR/0/IduFSqIpF0h2BA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407881613394930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Comparison of deformation at the top of the tunnel under blast and impact loads, figureFileSmall=QwVlp5CFjeYpGGFLd+JtHA==, figureFileBig=B6hW2wo0G9Zr4LOMLBEcUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407881751806967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=CN, label=图15, caption=爆炸荷载与冲击荷载下隧道顶部变形对比, figureFileSmall=QwVlp5CFjeYpGGFLd+JtHA==, figureFileBig=B6hW2wo0G9Zr4LOMLBEcUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407881844081659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=Displacement of lining and perimeter rock under the same load for different lining thicknesses, figureFileSmall=e10ucD3jW43QXk3NrETW3w==, figureFileBig=5bUBxtxuoGigJHav2V2jBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407882007658497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=CN, label=图16, caption=不同衬砌厚度的衬砌和围岩相同荷载下的位移, figureFileSmall=e10ucD3jW43QXk3NrETW3w==, figureFileBig=5bUBxtxuoGigJHav2V2jBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407882150264839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=EN, label=Fig.17, caption=Maximum penetration force for different impact loads, figureFileSmall=xG7ltgGu2pIOuc5yl57tSQ==, figureFileBig=Kn1s4A7U0OFtRzmnNVg2tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407882301259786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=CN, label=图17, caption=受不同冲击载荷时的最大穿透力, figureFileSmall=xG7ltgGu2pIOuc5yl57tSQ==, figureFileBig=Kn1s4A7U0OFtRzmnNVg2tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407882389340174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Match ratio of rock material

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料 配比/%
YT1 YT2 YT3 YT4
石膏 100 50 50 40
水泥 25 25 25
天然砂 40 35 35
石英 15
60 45 60 60
), ArticleFig(id=1245407882494197778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

岩体材料的配合比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料 配比/%
YT1 YT2 YT3 YT4
石膏 100 50 50 40
水泥 25 25 25
天然砂 40 35 35
石英 15
60 45 60 60
), ArticleFig(id=1245407882586472468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Scaling of the different parameters of the model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 缩尺N倍的模型值 单位
长度 1/N m
速度 1 m/s
体积 1/N3 m3
质量 N3 kg
1/N2 kN
压力 1 MPa
能量 1/N3 J
), ArticleFig(id=1245407882703912983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

模型缩放后的参数值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 缩尺N倍的模型值 单位
长度 1/N m
速度 1 m/s
体积 1/N3 m3
质量 N3 kg
1/N2 kN
压力 1 MPa
能量 1/N3 J
), ArticleFig(id=1245407882825547803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Match ratio of rock material

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
深径比 隧道模型的冲击锤重量/kg
无衬砌小型隧道 有衬砌小型隧道
YT2 YT3 YT4 YT2 YT3 YT4
1.5 20.0 15.0 12.5 25.0 15.0 15.0
1.2 15.0 10.0 10.0 18.0 12.5 12.5
1.0 6.0 7.5 6.0 12.5 10.0 7.5
), ArticleFig(id=1245407882934599708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同隧道模型的冲击锤重量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
深径比 隧道模型的冲击锤重量/kg
无衬砌小型隧道 有衬砌小型隧道
YT2 YT3 YT4 YT2 YT3 YT4
1.5 20.0 15.0 12.5 25.0 15.0 15.0
1.2 15.0 10.0 10.0 18.0 12.5 12.5
1.0 6.0 7.5 6.0 12.5 10.0 7.5
), ArticleFig(id=1245407883035263007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Model material input parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料类型 弹性模量/
GPa
泊松比
ν
密度/
(kg·m-3)
摩擦角/
(°)
黏聚力/
MPa
YT2 3.72 0.16 1 200 39.15 0.79
YT3 2.807 0.22 1 100 31.43 0.63
YT4 2.51 0.28 1 100 22.58 0.41
衬砌 3.03 0.40 1 400
), ArticleFig(id=1245407883148509220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407867092714401, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

模型材料输入参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料类型 弹性模量/
GPa
泊松比
ν
密度/
(kg·m-3)
摩擦角/
(°)
黏聚力/
MPa
YT2 3.72 0.16 1 200 39.15 0.79
YT3 2.807 0.22 1 100 31.43 0.63
YT4 2.51 0.28 1 100 22.58 0.41
衬砌 3.03 0.40 1 400
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软岩隧道动力响应模型试验与数值分析
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陈甫君 1 , 肖锋 2 , 汪兴源 2 , 杨永强 1 , 李肃强 3, * , 郭伟 3
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(7): 2914-2924
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(7): 2914-2924
软岩隧道动力响应模型试验与数值分析
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陈甫君1 , 肖锋2, 汪兴源2, 杨永强1, 李肃强3, * , 郭伟3
作者信息
  • 1 四川省交通建设集团有限责任公司, 成都 610041
  • 2 四川泸石高速公路有限责任公司, 甘孜 626100
  • 3 西南交通大学土木工程学院, 成都 610031
  • 陈甫君(1976—),男,汉族,四川资中人,高级工程师。研究方向:路桥、隧道工程施工技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 李肃强(1979—),男,汉族,湖北武汉人,博士,副教授。研究方向:隧道工程。E-mail:
Modelling and Numerical Analysis of the Dynamic Response of Soft Rock Tunnels
Pu-jun CHEN1 , Feng XIAO2, Xing-yuan WANG2, Yong-qiang YANG1, Su-qiang LI3, * , Wei GUO3
Affiliations
  • 1 Sichuan Traffic Construction Group Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610041, China
  • 2 Sichuan Lushi Expressway Co., Ltd., Ganzi 626100, China
  • 3 School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
出版时间: 2025-03-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402823
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为探究冲击荷载和爆炸荷载作用下隧道变形行为特征,提出了一种模型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法来分析不同动态荷载条件下隧道的损伤行为和模式。以海螺沟隧道为研究对象,采用模型试验和数值模拟相结合的方式,首先对缩尺物理隧道模型进行冲击测试,接着对隧道模型进行数值分析并完成验证,然后对比了小比例隧道模型和原型模型在冲击荷载下的隧道变形结果,最后分析了爆破荷载对原型隧道变形的影响。研究结果表明:本研究提出方法能够真实反映实际冲击荷载对隧道变形的影响;缩尺隧道模型的数值分析结果与试验结果较为吻合;在冲击荷载作用下,原型隧道顶部的约为缩尺物理模型的10倍;原型隧道数值模型在冲击荷载作用下顶部变形量与500 kg TNT爆破荷载造成的变形较为一致,利用冲击荷载可有效模拟爆破载荷对隧道拱顶的损伤情况;增大覆盖深度和减小冲击荷载是避免隧道造成重大损伤的有效举措。本研究的成果克服了地表爆破时现场测试的困难,为分析隧道在不同动态荷载作用下的破坏行为和模式提供一种低成本、安全可靠的测试方法,为优化爆破荷载的隧道安全、经济的设计提供技术支撑。

隧道工程  /  软岩隧道  /  动力响应  /  模型试验  /  数值分析

To investigate the deformation characteristics of tunnels under impact and blast loads, A combination of model testing and numerical simulation was proposed to analyze the damage behavior and patterns under various dynamic loading conditions. The Hailuogou Tunnel was studied, and a combination of model testing and numerical simulation was utilized. Initially, an impact test was performed on the scaled-down physical tunnel model. Subsequently, numerical analysis of the tunnel model was conducted and verified. Then, a comparison was made between the tunnel deformation results of the scaled model and the prototype model under impact load. Finally, the effect of blasting load on the deformation of the prototype tunnel was analyzed. The results indicated that the proposed method accurately reflected the actual impact load’s effect on tunnel deformation. Additionally, the numerical analysis results of the scaled tunnel model closely matched the test results. Moreover, the deformation of the top of the prototype tunnel under the impact load was approximately 10 times greater than that of the scaled tunnel model, and it aligned well with the deformation caused by a blasting load equivalent to 500 kg of TNT. The impact load effectively simulated damage to the tunnel vault. Increasing the depth of cover and reducing the impact load represented effective measures to mitigate significant tunnel damage. The challenges of on-site testing during surface blasting are surmounted by this study’s findings. Additionally, a cost-effective, safe, and dependable testing approach is furnished for analyzing the destructive behaviors and modes of tunnels under various dynamic loads. Furthermore, technical support is offered for the safe and economical design of tunnels with optimized blasting loads.

tunnel engineering  /  soft rock tunnel  /  dynamic response  /  model test  /  numerical analysis
陈甫君, 肖锋, 汪兴源, 杨永强, 李肃强, 郭伟. 软岩隧道动力响应模型试验与数值分析. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (7) : 2914 -2924 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402823
Pu-jun CHEN, Feng XIAO, Xing-yuan WANG, Yong-qiang YANG, Su-qiang LI, Wei GUO. Modelling and Numerical Analysis of the Dynamic Response of Soft Rock Tunnels[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (7) : 2914 -2924 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402823
随着人口的增长和工业化水平的提高,对于基础设施的需求也越来越大[1]。然而,地面空间的限制促使人们将地下空间进行大举利用,尤其是占比较大的高速公路[2-3]。隧道的大量应用是高速公路,它已成为城市的生命线。隧道在连接山区和国家其他地区方面也发挥着至关重要的作用,有助于促进地区发展和改善民生[4]。然而部分建造隧道极易受到外部荷载的影响而发生变形,甚至崩塌破坏,造成难以估计的损失。此外,隧道结构不仅要承受静载荷,还要经常承受人为因素或者自然灾害导致冲击和爆破荷载,进而对隧道造成破坏,影响交通系统和人的生命安全[5-6]。因此,隧道在动态荷载下的问题受到来自国内外的广泛关注。
动态荷载条件主要由地震、冲击荷载及爆破荷载等引起,地震活动已成为影响隧道结构安全的最重要事件之一[7-8],但缺乏适当的机制来及时发现自然事件并采取预防措施。因此借助有限元工具对地下结构受到冲击和爆破荷载的变形预测是保护此类结构的一个重要途径[9-10]。文献[11-13]对岩体的动态行为进行了材料建模研究,发现其动态特性与静态情况大不相同。一些研究人员对冲击荷载作用下结构和其他地下结构的动态分析进行了研究。杨赢等[14]利用ABAQUS软件构建了悬浮隧道的有限元模型,分析了悬浮隧道锚索松弛时发的动力响应,结果表明锚索松弛效应会对隧道整体产生不利影响,冲击荷载会增大此影响。刘凯等[15]采用有限元方法模拟了飞机降落产生的冲击荷载对隧道衬砌结构的动力响应,发现在飞机着落0.05 s时动力响应达到峰值,而循环次数增加会造成损伤程度加重。罗勋等[16]为量化岩爆冲击荷载对支护结构的作用,明确了隧道发生岩爆时的荷载计算方法并对其进行了验证。因此,有必要分析地下结构在受到冲击和爆破时的动态行为,以确保这些结构的安全。
对于大多数公路隧道的来说,可能某些地方是地面隧道,而在其他地方则是地下隧道,因此从地面到地下的过渡代表了覆盖层深度的变化[17-18]。此外,由于这种过渡,隧道要穿过土壤、风化岩和完整的软硬岩类型的地质材料。所以准确量化隧道衬砌在承受地表冲击或爆破荷载时的变形量,对于隧道施工时至关重要的和必要的[19-20]。本文中研究对象的海螺沟隧道,位于断裂带之间,地震活动较为强烈,且以软岩为主,易破碎,更需要准确量化冲击荷载对其的影响。而且,通过现场试验来研究爆破荷载对隧道变形的影响风险很大,成本很高[21]
因此,现采用模型试验和数值模拟相结合的方法开发了一种低成本、高效率、高精度的方法来进行此类研究。首先,针对海螺沟隧道的特点,研制代表软断裂岩石的围岩模型材料,搭建了缩尺物理隧道模型。接着对缩尺物理隧道模型冲击试验,并基于试验结果验证缩尺隧道有限元模型。最后,根据缩尺隧道有限元模型建立了原始隧道有限元模型,分析冲击和爆炸荷载对隧道顶部变形的影响。
为保证物理模型与实际隧道具有足够的相似性,针对海螺沟隧道的特点确定其相似参数是极为重要的,相似常数(C)是真实物体与物理模型之间的物理量之比。基于平衡方程、相似材料力学以及模型尺寸,本试验建立的相似条件为
Cσ=CγCL
${C}_{\delta }={C}_{\epsilon }{C}_{L}$
Cσ=CcCμ
Cσ=CECε
Cε=1
${C}_{\varphi }=1$
Cμ=1
式中:Cσ为应力相似比;Cε为应变相似比;Cγ为容重相似比;CL为几何相似比;CE为弹模相似比;Cδ为位移相似比;Cμ为泊松比相似比;Cc为黏聚力相似比;Cϕ为内摩擦角相似比。
为真实还原实际工程地质条件,本研究基于材料的应力-应变关系,通过模拟多种地质材料建立了隧道物理模型,模拟地质材料覆盖了海螺沟隧道中主要的极低强度岩体,包括辉绿岩、花岗岩、闪长岩等。本研究所用制备岩体的主要原材料材料包括石膏、水泥、天然砂、石英以及普通自来水等(图1),通过不断调整混合料的配比,以达到岩体应有的密度、摩擦角及黏聚力等。本研究所用岩体材料的通过不同配合比进行混合制备,具体配合比如表1所示,4种混合料分别命名为YT1、YT2、YT3及YT4。此外,为了研究岩体在单轴和三轴加载条件下的物理性能和力学特性,本试验还制备了长径比为2的试样进行在单轴和三轴加载试验,4种岩样的应力应变结果如图2所示。由图2可知,YT1试样的材料强度最大,YT2、YT3试样次之,YT4试样强度最差。
以海螺沟隧道为基准,进行不同围压隧道缩尺物理模型构建,模型整体尺寸为40 cm×30 cm×30 cm,隧道模型尺寸是根据合适缩放比例进行,最终确定隧道物理模型长度为40 cm、直径为5 cm,隧道物理模型缩尺参数如表2所示。物理模型采用YT2、YT3及YT4等3种材料隧道物理模型进行浇筑,同时将长径比设定数值从0.5~1.0不等,隧道物理模型浇筑完毕后进行28 d固化。
为了分析衬砌结构对结果的影响,本研究制备有衬砌和无衬砌的隧道物理模型,保持衬砌材料的弹性模量与围岩的弹性模量之比为固定值。基于海螺沟隧道的实际围岩弹性模量以及所用衬砌弹性模量,隧道物理模型中所使用的衬砌弹性模量近似值计算公式为
${\left(\frac{{E}_{\mathrm{衬}\mathrm{砌}}}{{E}_{\mathrm{围}\mathrm{岩}}}\right)}_{\mathrm{真}\mathrm{实}}={\left(\frac{{E}_{\mathrm{衬}\mathrm{砌}}}{{E}_{\mathrm{围}\mathrm{岩}}}\right)}_{\mathrm{模}\mathrm{型}}$
本研究所选取用于物理模型构建的衬砌材料和衬砌厚度,取决于实际现场条件下结构相互作用的适当比例。本研究最终按比例采用PVC空心管作为隧道物理模型的衬砌材料,物理模型中隧道的衬砌厚度是通过比较真实现场条件和物理模型的衬砌厚度与隧道直径之比来确定的。海螺沟隧道工程的衬砌厚度与隧道直径之比得出一个恒定值,然后将其等同于物理模型的衬砌厚度与隧道直径之比,由固定模型直径固定可以计算出衬砌厚度。本研究所用浇筑的隧道物理模型示意图如图3所示,试验设置了1.5、1.2、1.0共3种深径比(地基覆盖深度与隧道直径的比值)以分析不同覆盖深度下隧道的力学响应。
本试验对小型隧道物理模型进行冲击测试所以冲击试验机如图4所示。该冲击试验机该设备可承受40 kg重量,并配有自动执行器,以施加不同重量的冲击力。冲击试验机基于能量守恒的原理通过冲击锤冲击进行试验测试,同时配备了力和位移传感器来随时检测冲击过程中隧道物理模型的荷载和变形。
隧道物理模型冲击试验是通过调整冲击锤重量对不同深径比的模型试样进行的。试验流程如下:首先在选定的3处位置进行底部钻孔,以便安装力传感器和位移传感器。将应力应变传感器安装到物理模型上后,将其放置在加载平台上,最后对不同材料和不同深径比的物理模型施加冲击载荷,冲击荷载参数如表3所示。在每次施加冲击荷载之前,需要对力传感器和位移传感器进行校准。
图5为有衬砌和无衬砌的YT2围岩材料隧道顶部的变形结果,变形是通过测量隧道顶部3个不同位置测量结果得出。由图5可知,隧道最大变形量位于受荷处,冲击荷载越大则变形量越大,而冲击锤的冲击位置发生了冲切和剪切破坏。相同冲击条件下,无衬砌隧道比有衬砌隧道相比会发生很大的变形,原因是衬砌材料能够提供一定的阻力,减少冲击荷载,因此衬砌隧道顶部产生较小的变形量。本次隧道物理模型试验的结果可用于隧道数值模型验证。
为了更加直观地分析不同参数下隧道的力学响应,采用ABAQUS对岩体中的隧道进行有限元建模(图6),冲击锤、隧道衬砌、围岩建模输入参数如表4所示。利用缩尺隧道物理模型结果对有限元模型进行验证,并将数值分析结果与试验测试结果进行比较。为了进行动力分析,有限元模型的上表面在各方向上都可自由变形,而下表面在垂直和水平方向上变形受到限制,有限元模型侧面都允许垂直位移但限制水平位移。本研究假定围压是均匀、各向同性、连续介质的材料,使用摩尔库伦弹塑性模型作为其本构模型进行建模,围岩进入塑性后,采用莫尔-库伦屈服准则来模拟应力应变,此外假定衬砌和冲击锤为弹性材料。
设定重力加速度g=9.81 m/s2,以模拟自由落体条件,计算冲击锤的冲击能量,公式为
E=mgh
式(9)中:m为撞击器的质量,kg;h为撞击器自由落体的高度,m。
为了分析不同网格尺寸对试验结果的影响,本研究使用8、10、12、15、20 mm等5种不同网格尺寸进行了建模。图7为不同网格尺寸试样的冲击力和应变。由图7可知,当网格尺寸为8 mm时,最大冲击力与试验结果相吻合。在网格尺寸为20、15、12、10、8 mm的隧道上,最大应变分别为66、133、207、174、196、231 με。实际峰值应变为169.3 με,与10 mm网格的最大应变接近,最大偏差为2%。
然而,在网格尺寸为8 mm时,试验与模拟的最大应变最大偏差为16%。因此,考虑到所需的精度和计算效率,本试验采用8 mm的网格尺寸是可行有效的。岩石隧道模型包括总共93 246个节点和83 246个单元,包括衬砌模型的2 703个节点和2 236个单元,冲击锤模型的879个四节点刚性单元和631个节点。
图8图9分别为有衬砌和无衬砌YT2围压材料隧道在不同冲击荷载作用下的变形图,无衬砌隧道的冲击锤重量为12.5、15.0、20.0 kg,而衬砌隧道的冲击锤重量为18.0、20.0、25.0 kg。由图8图9可知,与衬砌隧道相比,无衬砌YT2材料隧道深径比为1.5时的变形区域较小,其他不同围岩材料隧道模型也展现出类似的变形值和变形区域。
图10图11分别为有衬砌和无衬砌YT2材料隧道在不同冲击荷载作用下的变形沿隧道长度的分布情况。由图10图11可知,有限元数值模型的垂直变形模式和幅度与实体模型吻合较好。深径比为1.0的无衬砌YT2围压材料隧道在20 kg冲击荷载下,通过试验测得与有限元分析得出顶部变形值分别为1.8 mm和1.6 mm。对于深径比为1.0的有衬砌YT2围压材料隧道,通过试验和模拟得到的拱顶变形分别为1.49 mm和1.41 mm,由此可知,隧道顶部变形随冲击荷载的增加而增大。由于分析所基于的假设不同,数值分析的预测值略高于试验结果。因此,通过数值分析对无衬砌隧道和有衬砌隧道得到的变形值可以作为隧道设计的代表值。
图12为深径比为1.0的不同围岩材料衬砌隧道受到相同冲击荷载顶部变形情况。由图12可知,YT1围岩材料隧道沿长度方向受荷载冲击最小影响区域最小,这是由于YT1围岩材料自身脆性的原因。YT4围岩材料的隧道顶部变形最大,而在YT2围岩材料的隧道顶部变形最小。对于YT2、YT3和YT4围岩材料隧道,物理模型试验测试的最大变形分别为0.35、0.56、0.90 mm,YT2、YT3和YT4围岩材料隧道有限元模型产生的顶部最大变形分别为0.4、0.8、1.3mm。结果表明,由于孔隙和裂缝的存在,降低了YT3、YT4围岩材料的强度,因此可以能够代表软弱围岩。YT2、YT3和YT4围岩材料隧道沿轴线方向变形区域的长度分别为50、100、100 mm,这表明在软弱围岩中隧道内将会发生大范围的损坏。
图13为覆盖深度对12.5 kg冲击锤重量下YT3围岩材料无衬砌隧道变形剖面的影响。由图13可知,由于围岩自身缓冲作用的存在,覆盖深度更大的隧道在垂直方向上受到的影响更小。各条件下,隧道衬砌底部的变形都可以忽略不计,由此可知,在一定冲击荷载作用下隧道底部相对更加稳定。数值模拟结果表明,在较大的冲击荷载作用下,衬砌底部的变形可以忽略不计。对不同围岩的隧道衬砌顶部在不同冲击荷载作用下的变形进行了试验测试和数值模拟,并进行了比较分析。结果可知,对于高覆盖深度(35~50 mm),试验结果和数值结果的变形值相似。此外,顶部变形和变形区域的大小取决于围岩的摩擦角和黏聚力,随着材料脆性的增加,裂缝尺寸会减小。覆盖深度为25 mm时,试验结果与数值结果的差异比覆盖深度为35 mm和50 mm时更大,原因是25 mm深度的顶部变形速度远高于其他覆盖深度。
对于难以进行数值分析或试验研究的复杂结构系统,采用缩尺模型进行测试是必不可少的。为了代表海螺沟隧道的原位条件,通过对缩尺模型进行放大来预测弱软弱围岩隧道的变形情况。因此,本研究设定隧道模型的几何尺寸、衬砌厚度和网格尺寸增加102倍,而施加在原始模型上的冲击能量是缩尺模型的106倍。
基于合适的缩尺定律,采用有限元分析工具建立了围岩及隧道三维有限元原型模型尺寸为40 m×30 m×30 m的,其中隧道长35 m、直径5 m,衬砌厚度150 mm,围岩长35 m,断面30 m×30 m。通过Abaqus/CAE有限元软件建立不同覆盖深度的围岩、混凝土衬砌结构以及冲击锤。设定冲击和爆破两种动力响应环境,在冲击和爆破两种情况下,围岩、隧道衬砌和冲击锤的有限元网格均在缩尺模型基础上放大100倍,即岩石和隧道衬砌网格尺寸为0.8 m,冲击锤网格尺寸为0.4 m。隧道衬砌与岩体之间的接触采用软件中的接触,法线方向采用硬接触,切向方向采用无摩擦接触。由于数值模型关于YZ平面和YX平面对称,因此记录了隧道关键部位变形、速度和应力随时间变化的情况,以与缩尺模型中力和位移传感器安装位置相对应。
围岩采用摩尔库伦塑性模型进行建模,而混凝土衬砌则采用混凝土损伤塑性模型进行建模。在本研究中,采用M30级混凝土作为衬砌材料。在混凝土损伤塑性模型中,应力-应变关系表达式为
${\sigma }_{t}=(1-{d}_{t}){D}_{0}^{el}:(\epsilon -{\epsilon }_{t}^{pl})$
${\sigma }_{c}=(1-{d}_{c}){D}_{0}^{el}:(\epsilon -{\epsilon }_{c}^{pl})$
式中:σcσt分别为压缩和拉伸应力;${\epsilon }_{c}^{pl}$${\epsilon }_{t}^{pl}$为塑性应变;dcdt为塑性应变函数的损伤变量;${D}_{0}^{el}$为未损伤的初始弹性模量。混凝土损伤塑性模型假设存在非相关的塑性流动,因此该模型的塑性势函数表示为
${G}_{P}=\sqrt{(\epsilon {\sigma }_{t0}{tan\psi )}^{2}+\left(\frac{3}{2}s:s\right)}-\stackrel{-}{p}tan\psi $
式(12)中:ψ为平均应力-偏差应力平面上的膨胀角;σt0为失效时的单轴拉应力;ε为偏心度参数。如果ε=0,则GP表示直线;s:s为应力偏张量的内积;$\stackrel{-}{p}$为平均正应力。
在原始模型研究中,通过改变冲击锤的速度,使得原型中隧道拱顶的速度与缩尺模型相当。在缩尺模型中,对于深径比为1.5的YT2围岩材料,隧道顶部的变形速度为0.46 m/s,而冲击锤的速度为4.77 m/s。根据缩尺定律,隧道顶部变形的速度在缩尺模型和原始模型中应一致,因此,考虑原始模型中隧道顶部变形速度为0.45 m/s,为了获得相应的变形速度,计算得出冲击锤速度应为8 m/s。同时可知,原始模型中冲击锤的速度约为缩尺模型冲击锤速度的1.8倍,当深径比为1.5时,YT2围岩材料隧道在受冲击荷载处正下方的隧道顶部变形为7.7×10-3 m,而相应的缩尺模型顶部变形为8.1×10-4 m。由此得出结论:在原始隧道模型变形量约是缩尺隧道模型变形量的10倍。
隧道所受爆炸荷载是由内部和外部爆炸引起的,严重损坏隧道内衬砌结构。以当前的科技水平,可以非常迅速准确地探测到隧道内爆炸物的载体,降低隧道内部发生爆炸的可能性。目前已有大量隧道内部爆炸的动力响应的相关研究,但由于外部活动监测和预防更加困难,外部爆炸更易发生并造成严重破坏。此外,由于试验风险极高,成本高昂,导致研究爆炸荷载对隧道顶部变形影响的全尺寸现场试验数据极少。因此,在本研究通过对深径比为1.5的YT2围岩材料隧道上制造地表爆炸进行有限元数值分析,并探究100、300、500、1 000 kg等不同重量TNT炸药爆炸对隧道变形的影响。本研究采用CONWEP(conventional weapons effects program)爆炸冲击模型进行海螺沟隧道冲击动力响应分析,CONWEP模型是常用的爆炸冲击经验模型,可用于自由空气场爆炸和近距离爆炸计算。
不同爆炸荷载作用下巷道顶部变形沿巷道长度的变化如图14所示。由图14可知,隧道顶部变形量随TNT用量的增加而增大,100、300、500、1 000 kg TNT作用下隧道顶部变形分别为0.002 3、0.006、0.007、0.032 m。爆破荷载与冲击荷载作用下巷道顶部变形对比如图15所示。由图15可知,在500 kg爆炸荷载作用下,原始衬砌隧道模型顶部变形与冲击荷载近似相等。因此,通过施加冲击荷载研究来模拟爆炸荷载对隧道顶板的破坏是可行的。
图16为在300 kg TNT爆炸荷载不同衬砌厚度的混凝土衬砌和围岩的变形情况。由图16可知,当混凝土衬砌厚度分别为350 mm和550 mm时,350 mm钢筋混凝土衬里厚度显示最大位移在其顶部。爆炸产生后,冲击造成的位移向隧道边界方向扩散,击中钢筋混凝土衬砌。由于钢筋混凝土衬砌损伤部位较少,且围压土体模量小于钢筋混凝土衬砌,导致围压土体出现不规则峰值位移。
对不同围岩材料的隧道进行了缩尺数值模型分析,计算了不同质量冲击锤作用下不同埋深深度缩尺隧道的变形情况,如图17所示。由图17可知,在5 kg冲击锤施加冲击荷载作用下,隧道受冲击荷载影响而减小,埋深5 cm时隧道被冲击锤击穿,埋深7 cm时仅仅隧道顶部发行变形。而当12 kg冲击锤施加冲击荷载时,覆盖深度3、5及7 cm时隧道均被击穿。由此可知,增大覆盖深度和减小冲击荷载是避免隧道造成重大损伤的有效举措。
本研究为探究隧道在不同动态荷载下的变形行为,分析了爆炸荷载和冲击荷载对隧道顶部变形的影响。通过物理模型试验和有限元数值分析相结合的方法,有效模拟隧道在不同爆炸荷载下的变形情况,并与冲击荷载下的变形进行了对比,得到如下结论。
(1)缩尺隧道有限元模型模拟结果与隧道物理模型试验结果较为吻合;对于围岩材料和冲击锤能量不同的有衬砌隧道,有限元计算得出的变形范围比试验测得的变形范围多3%~8%,而无衬砌隧道中的变形差异更大。
(2)本研究提出基于物理模型试验结合数值模拟方法,通过对数值模型等比例放大,可真实还原施工现场中爆破荷载对隧道变形的影响。原始模型试验和缩尺隧道模型试验的顶部变形速度大体一致,但原始模型试样受到冲击载荷时的变形量大约是缩尺模型变形量的10倍。
(3)500 kg爆炸荷载作用下,原始衬砌隧道模型顶部变形与冲击荷载近似相等;爆炸产生后,冲击造成的位移向隧道边界方向扩散;增大覆盖深度和减小冲击荷载是避免隧道造成重大损伤的有效举措。
(4)通过本文的深入研究,为隧道设计和安全提供了重要的参考,同时也展示了模型试验和数值模拟相结合的方法在工程研究中的价值和应用前景。试验和数值模拟相结合的方法为工程研究提供了更全面、可靠的数据支持,有望在未来的隧道工程研究中得到广泛应用。
  • 国家自然科学基金(51978580)
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2025年第25卷第7期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402823
  • 接收时间:2024-04-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
  • 出版时间:2025-03-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-18
  • 修回日期:2024-07-30
基金
国家自然科学基金(51978580)
作者信息
    1 四川省交通建设集团有限责任公司, 成都 610041
    2 四川泸石高速公路有限责任公司, 甘孜 626100
    3 西南交通大学土木工程学院, 成都 610031

通讯作者:

* 李肃强(1979—),男,汉族,湖北武汉人,博士,副教授。研究方向:隧道工程。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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