Article(id=1245407862374121966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156262727438951343, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403547, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1715616000000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-14, revisedDate=1722441600000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774857972949, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=1741363200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774857972949, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774857972949, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774857972949, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156262727438951343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='7', pageStart='2193', pageEnd='3077', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753604116544, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753771263994, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156963794699248405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156262727438951343, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156963794699248406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156262727438951343, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2741, endPage=2747, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245407863946986088, articleId=1245407862374121966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Uranium Decorporation and Metabolomic Study of Small Molecular Compounds of Amidoxime, columnId=1156262732384031076, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A new amidoxime small molecule compound was synthesized by oximation addition reaction and the uranium decorporation was evaluated. The changes of endogenous metabolites caused by Uranium decorporation in animals were investigated by metabonomics method, and the related differential metabolites were searched for and their metabolic pathways and mechanisms were explored.The mice were divided into blank group (NG), model group (MG), 0.42 mmol/kg ZnNa3-DTPA group(YG), 0.21 mmol/kg amidoxime group (CN) and 0.42 mmol/kg amidoxime group (EN), and were injected with positive drug (ZnNa3-DTPA) and amidoxime compounds in tail vein immediately after the tail vein injection of uranyl acetate and amidoxme compound,the uranium content in the kidney and femur of mice was determined by Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS) 24 h later. The metabolites in the serum of each group were identified by GC-MS(gas chromatograaphy-mss spectrometer), and screened as potentially differentiated metabolites by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) with variable importance in the projection (VIP) > 1, mass spectrometry database and MetaboAnalyst platform were used to analyze the differential metabolites and their associated pathways. The results show that compared with model group, 0.42 mmol/kg amidoxime compound group decreased uranium content in kidney and femur by 61.70% and 54.74%, and the positive group at the same dose reduced the uranium content in kidney and femur by 60.70% and 40%, respectively.The results indicated that the small molecule compound of aminoxime had significant uranium decorporation. Metabolomic analysis showed that the metabolic profile of the amidoxime group was significantly different from that of the model group, which was closer to that of the normal group than that of the positive group. A total of 14 different metabolites were found after screening, and the enrichment analysis of metabolic pathways showed that the metabolic pathways related to them were mainly tyrosine metabolism. Biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine, etc. The small molecule amidoxime compound has a remarkable uranium decorporation effect, which is better than ZnNa3-DTPA, and has a protective effect on kidney injury caused by uranium.

, correspAuthors=Rong-qing HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jin-shou ZHU, Rong-qing HUANG, Zhi-heng LI, Bing-kun XIAO, Xiao-yao MIAO, Fang YANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1245407866690061175, articleId=1245407862374121966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=偕胺肟小分子化合物铀促排作用及其代谢组学, columnId=1156262732526637414, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·医药、卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=采用肟化加成反应合成一种新偕胺肟小分子化合物并进行铀促排作用评价,结合代谢组学方法探讨在动物体内促排时引起的内源性代谢物的变化,寻找与之相关的差异性代谢物并探索其代谢通路及作用机制。将小鼠分为空白组(NG)、模型组(MG)、0.42 mmol/kg新促排灵组(ZnNa3-DTPA,YG)、0.21 mmol/kg偕胺肟组(CN)及0.42 mmol/kg偕胺肟组(EN),尾静脉注射醋酸铀酰后立即尾静脉注射阳性药(ZnNa3-DTPA)和偕胺肟化合物,给药24 h后通过电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer,ICP-MS)测定小鼠肾和股骨中铀含量。采用GC-MS(gas chromatograaphy-mass spectrometer)对各组小鼠血清中代谢物进行鉴定,应用正交偏最小二乘判别分析方法(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA),通过变量投影重要性值(variable importance in the projection,VIP)>1结果筛选为潜在差异性代谢物,应用质谱数据库并通过MetaboAnalyst 平台分析差异性代谢产物及其相关通路。结果表明与模型组相比0.42 mmol/kg偕胺肟化合物组分别减少肾、股骨内61.70%、54.74%铀含量;同剂量的阳性组减少肾、股骨内铀含量分别为60.70%、40%。表明偕胺肟小分子化合物具有铀促排作用。代谢组学分析显示偕胺肟组代谢轮廓与模型组明显分离,与阳性组相比更接近正常组,筛选共发现14个差异性代谢物,代谢通路富集分析后显示与之相关的代谢通路主要为酪氨酸代谢;苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸的生物合成及甘氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸代谢等。小分子偕胺肟化合物具有铀促排效果,且优于ZnNa3-DTPA,并对铀所致肾损伤具有保护作用。, correspAuthors=黄荣清, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 黄荣清(1965—),男,汉族,江西南昌人,博士,研究员,博士研究生导师。研究方向:新药质量标准及中药复方研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=i9/v4fi5vTSFi9uA0Jnxfw==, magXml=yzGRiQFoUs4dCtjoP6fB0A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=knMfZEk2szdKjVMHCyy7Tg==, pdfFileSize=5880358, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Jlw4XW31rrWEomE3bRmARQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=gr+Wan4G7omDJsUb7/xRXg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

朱金寿(1999—),女,土族,青海海东人,硕士研究生。研究方向:药物研究与评价。E-mail:

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朱金寿(1999—),女,土族,青海海东人,硕士研究生。研究方向:药物研究与评价。E-mail:

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*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01

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NG为空白组;MG为模型组;YG为阳性组;CN为0.21 mmol/kg偕胺肟组;EN为0.42 mmol/kg偕胺肟组

, figureFileSmall=Cfcwn6iP/R5BjMX/ufY0oA==, figureFileBig=zDFVvilu61ev6ebXYw+EAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407871530287446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407862374121966, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=OPLS-DA analysis diagram of different groups, figureFileSmall=O8lvstS9hWCLvQJApKEdzw==, figureFileBig=kDUYYKAI/aJIpDou6MfkeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407871664505185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407862374121966, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各组的OPLS-DA得分图

MG为模型组;NG为空白组;YG为阳性组;CN为0.21 mmol/kg偕胺肟组;EN为0.42 mmol/kg偕胺肟组

, figureFileSmall=O8lvstS9hWCLvQJApKEdzw==, figureFileBig=kDUYYKAI/aJIpDou6MfkeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407871794528626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407862374121966, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=PLS-DA analysis diagram of different groups, figureFileSmall=qf+t5gIjrxx2y2e2je3hwA==, figureFileBig=Tafxfl7/2J5GSCO1oEPEEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407871911969150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407862374121966, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各组PLS-DA(3D)得分图

MG为模型组;NG为空白组;YG为阳性组;CN为0.21 mmol/kg偕胺肟组;EN为0.42 mmol/kg偕胺肟组

, figureFileSmall=qf+t5gIjrxx2y2e2je3hwA==, figureFileBig=Tafxfl7/2J5GSCO1oEPEEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407872004243848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407862374121966, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Differential metabolite heat map, figureFileSmall=xrPpdGvknhzbzfsG0nRnng==, figureFileBig=fKd5WOQvCep+sI5JPkylrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407872117490067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407862374121966, language=CN, label=图6, caption=差异性代谢物热图

-MG为模型组;NG为正常组;YG为阳性组;CN为0.21mmol/kg偕胺肟组;EN为0.42mmol/kg偕胺肟组

, figureFileSmall=xrPpdGvknhzbzfsG0nRnng==, figureFileBig=fKd5WOQvCep+sI5JPkylrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407872239124894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407862374121966, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Impact of metabolic pathways, figureFileSmall=KE3fJKR8X09sPkemsp7EgQ==, figureFileBig=9j+GLRACJL3OZjALoHkhiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407872339788202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407862374121966, language=CN, label=图7, caption=代谢通路影响图, figureFileSmall=KE3fJKR8X09sPkemsp7EgQ==, figureFileBig=9j+GLRACJL3OZjALoHkhiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407872478200245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407862374121966, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Disturbed metabolic pathway of mice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响值 代谢通路 代谢物 HMDB
数据库
苯丙氨酸,酪氨酸和
色氨酸生物合成
酪氨酸 HMDB
0000158
0.500
甘氨酸,丝氨酸和
苏氨酸代谢
甘氨酸、
苏氨酸
HMDB
0000167
0.309
酪氨酸代谢 酪氨酸 HMDB
0000158
0.139
), ArticleFig(id=1245407872620806598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407862374121966, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

小鼠受干扰的代谢通路

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响值 代谢通路 代谢物 HMDB
数据库
苯丙氨酸,酪氨酸和
色氨酸生物合成
酪氨酸 HMDB
0000158
0.500
甘氨酸,丝氨酸和
苏氨酸代谢
甘氨酸、
苏氨酸
HMDB
0000167
0.309
酪氨酸代谢 酪氨酸 HMDB
0000158
0.139
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偕胺肟小分子化合物铀促排作用及其代谢组学
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朱金寿 1, 2 , 黄荣清 2, * , 李志恒 2 , 肖炳坤 2 , 缪潇瑶 2 , 杨芳 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文·医药、卫生 2025,25(7): 2741-2747
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·医药、卫生 2025, 25(7): 2741-2747
偕胺肟小分子化合物铀促排作用及其代谢组学
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朱金寿1, 2 , 黄荣清2, * , 李志恒2, 肖炳坤2, 缪潇瑶2, 杨芳1
作者信息
  • 1 青海大学医学院药学系, 西宁 810016
  • 2 军事医学研究院, 北京 100850
  • 朱金寿(1999—),女,土族,青海海东人,硕士研究生。研究方向:药物研究与评价。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 黄荣清(1965—),男,汉族,江西南昌人,博士,研究员,博士研究生导师。研究方向:新药质量标准及中药复方研究。E-mail:
Uranium Decorporation and Metabolomic Study of Small Molecular Compounds of Amidoxime
Jin-shou ZHU1, 2 , Rong-qing HUANG2, * , Zhi-heng LI2, Bing-kun XIAO2, Xiao-yao MIAO2, Fang YANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 Department of Pharmacy, Academy of Military Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
  • 2 Academy of Military Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
出版时间: 2025-03-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403547
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采用肟化加成反应合成一种新偕胺肟小分子化合物并进行铀促排作用评价,结合代谢组学方法探讨在动物体内促排时引起的内源性代谢物的变化,寻找与之相关的差异性代谢物并探索其代谢通路及作用机制。将小鼠分为空白组(NG)、模型组(MG)、0.42 mmol/kg新促排灵组(ZnNa3-DTPA,YG)、0.21 mmol/kg偕胺肟组(CN)及0.42 mmol/kg偕胺肟组(EN),尾静脉注射醋酸铀酰后立即尾静脉注射阳性药(ZnNa3-DTPA)和偕胺肟化合物,给药24 h后通过电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer,ICP-MS)测定小鼠肾和股骨中铀含量。采用GC-MS(gas chromatograaphy-mass spectrometer)对各组小鼠血清中代谢物进行鉴定,应用正交偏最小二乘判别分析方法(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA),通过变量投影重要性值(variable importance in the projection,VIP)>1结果筛选为潜在差异性代谢物,应用质谱数据库并通过MetaboAnalyst 平台分析差异性代谢产物及其相关通路。结果表明与模型组相比0.42 mmol/kg偕胺肟化合物组分别减少肾、股骨内61.70%、54.74%铀含量;同剂量的阳性组减少肾、股骨内铀含量分别为60.70%、40%。表明偕胺肟小分子化合物具有铀促排作用。代谢组学分析显示偕胺肟组代谢轮廓与模型组明显分离,与阳性组相比更接近正常组,筛选共发现14个差异性代谢物,代谢通路富集分析后显示与之相关的代谢通路主要为酪氨酸代谢;苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸的生物合成及甘氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸代谢等。小分子偕胺肟化合物具有铀促排效果,且优于ZnNa3-DTPA,并对铀所致肾损伤具有保护作用。
偕胺肟化合物  /  合成  /  铀促排  /  气相色谱-质谱联用  /  代谢组学

A new amidoxime small molecule compound was synthesized by oximation addition reaction and the uranium decorporation was evaluated. The changes of endogenous metabolites caused by Uranium decorporation in animals were investigated by metabonomics method, and the related differential metabolites were searched for and their metabolic pathways and mechanisms were explored.The mice were divided into blank group (NG), model group (MG), 0.42 mmol/kg ZnNa3-DTPA group(YG), 0.21 mmol/kg amidoxime group (CN) and 0.42 mmol/kg amidoxime group (EN), and were injected with positive drug (ZnNa3-DTPA) and amidoxime compounds in tail vein immediately after the tail vein injection of uranyl acetate and amidoxme compound,the uranium content in the kidney and femur of mice was determined by Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS) 24 h later. The metabolites in the serum of each group were identified by GC-MS(gas chromatograaphy-mss spectrometer), and screened as potentially differentiated metabolites by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) with variable importance in the projection (VIP) > 1, mass spectrometry database and MetaboAnalyst platform were used to analyze the differential metabolites and their associated pathways. The results show that compared with model group, 0.42 mmol/kg amidoxime compound group decreased uranium content in kidney and femur by 61.70% and 54.74%, and the positive group at the same dose reduced the uranium content in kidney and femur by 60.70% and 40%, respectively.The results indicated that the small molecule compound of aminoxime had significant uranium decorporation. Metabolomic analysis showed that the metabolic profile of the amidoxime group was significantly different from that of the model group, which was closer to that of the normal group than that of the positive group. A total of 14 different metabolites were found after screening, and the enrichment analysis of metabolic pathways showed that the metabolic pathways related to them were mainly tyrosine metabolism. Biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine, etc. The small molecule amidoxime compound has a remarkable uranium decorporation effect, which is better than ZnNa3-DTPA, and has a protective effect on kidney injury caused by uranium.

amidoxime compounds  /  synthesis  /  uranium decorporation  /  gas chromatography-mass spectrometry  /  metabolomics
朱金寿, 黄荣清, 李志恒, 肖炳坤, 缪潇瑶, 杨芳. 偕胺肟小分子化合物铀促排作用及其代谢组学. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (7) : 2741 -2747 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403547
Jin-shou ZHU, Rong-qing HUANG, Zhi-heng LI, Bing-kun XIAO, Xiao-yao MIAO, Fang YANG. Uranium Decorporation and Metabolomic Study of Small Molecular Compounds of Amidoxime[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (7) : 2741 -2747 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403547
随着核技术广泛应用,核安全问题日益严重。放射性核素具有高溶解度和高可转移性,其放射性和化学毒性即使在超低浓度下也对生物多样性构成长期威胁,通过生物链的富集对人体造成不可逆转的损害,甚至诱导人类细胞突变和致癌[1]。铀是一种比较常见的放射性核素,属于同时具有放射毒性和化学毒性的α发射体[2],可通过皮肤、吸入等方式进入血液循环并沉积在肾脏、骨骼、肝脏等造成不可逆的损伤[3]。形成稳定可排泄的放射性核素络合物是减少铀等锕系元素内污染的重要方法。目前,食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)已批准普鲁士蓝、碘化钾(KI)、Ca/Zn-DTPA用于治疗放射性核素的内污染[4],此外尚有一些处于结构优化、药效确证或临床研究阶段。临床治疗铀内污染主要策略为静脉注射碳酸氢钠,通过调节尿液pH来降低肾脏中的铀浓度,促进尿液中的铀排泄,同时血液中碳酸氢根离子促使碳酸氢根和铀形成低毒性和更稳定的复合物迅速排出体外[5],由于碳酸氢钠在生物体内的存在弱螯合性能,酸碱干扰以及过度使用所导致的电解质紊乱等问题,限制了其在铀促排上的应用。羟基吡啶酮类是目前处于研究阶段的最优促排剂,3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO)和5-LIO(Me-3,2-HOPO)对锕系元素有较好的促排效果,但这两个配体对沉积在骨骼中的铀几乎没有促排效果[6],王晓梅[7]合成新型四齿铀促排剂5LIO-1-Cm-3,2-HOPO,提高了对骨骼中铀的络合能力,目前处于临床研究阶段。因此,继续寻找高效、低毒的铀促排剂仍是重要目标。
偕胺肟基是一类对铀亲和力高的基团,通常与铀有3种可能的配位模式,包括铀酰离子与肟基的氧或氮原子的单齿结合,与肟氧原子和酰胺氮原子的双齿螯合,以及与N—O键的η2结合[8],研究发现偕胺肟修饰的壳寡糖(ACs化合物)用于铀促排,其具有对铀促排效果好,离子选择性高、毒性低等特点[9],有望成为一种新的促排剂。本研究用偕胺肟基修饰合成一种新偕胺肟小分子化合物用于铀促排,旨在开发促排效果好的偕胺肟类铀促排剂。
代谢组学是一种旨在同时检测生物系统中代谢物(分子量<1 500 Da)变化的方法[10-11]。Stéphane等[12]应用代谢组学寻找大鼠急性低剂量铀暴露的早期代谢组学标志物,发现了铀暴露可以改变炎症相关的烟酸-烟酰胺途径及其他参与抗氧化和解毒过程的甜菜碱、牛磺酸和甘氨酸代谢等。因此,本研究通过合成一种新偕胺肟化合物用于铀促排并采用代谢组学技术探讨了铀暴露及给偕胺肟化合物给药后差异性代谢物的变化。
SPF(specific pathogen free)级昆明雄性小鼠(斯贝福生物技术有限公司),7周龄,体质量18~22 g。许可证号:SCXK(京)2019-0010,在标准实验室饲养[温度(25±2) ℃,相对湿度50%~55%, 12/12 h 光/暗循环, 自由获取食物和水]。
BP211D型电子天平(德国Sartorius公司);Gene Speed X-1离心机(韩国Gene Speed公司);Bruker Auance IIIHD 600 MHz核磁共振波谱仪(德国Bruker公司);WX-800微波消解仪(上海屹尧仪器科技发展有限公司);NexION300x电感耦合等离子质谱仪(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer,ICP-MS)(铂金埃尔默仪器有限)。恒温水浴槽(上海亚荣生化仪器厂);QL-901Vortex型涡旋仪(其林贝尔仪器制造有限公司);NV-15G型氮吹仪(成都赛斯特仪器仪表有限公司);GC/MS-QP2010SE气相-质谱联用仪(日本岛津公司)。
2,2'-氧双二乙胺(上海泰坦科技股份有限公司),氰乙酸(天津希恩思科技股份有限公司),1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI, 上海泰坦科技股份有限公司),1-羟基苯丙三唑(HOBT,天津希恩思科技股份有限公司),50%羟胺水溶液(北京偶合科技有限公司),乙酸氧铀(上海吉至生化科技有限公司),氧化锌(罗恩试剂);二乙三胺五乙酸(DTPA,北京伊诺凯科技有限公司);甲醇(赛默飞尔科技(中国)有限公司);甲氧氟盐酸盐(sigma公司);衍生化试剂(BSTFA+TMCS,99∶1)(sigma公司);吡啶(天津市博迪化工有限公司);庚烷(梯希爱(上海)化工生产发展有限公司)。
称取氰乙酸0.86 g(10 mmol)、1-羟基苯丙三唑0.78 g(5 mmol)、EDCI 1.10 g(5.8 mmol)置于100 mL圆底烧瓶中,搅拌活化30 min后加入2,2'-氧双二乙胺室温反应12 h。反应结束后柱层析分离,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷:乙酸乙酯=(25∶1),用乙酸乙酯重结晶,得到氰基功能化中间体。然后称取2.5 g(10 mmol)中间体与0.25 mL 50%羟胺水溶液进行肟化加成,反应48 h后过滤用无水乙醇重结晶得到白色产物1.5 g,产率50%。合成路线如图1所示。表征结果为1H NMR(600 MHz, DMSO)δ8.97(s,1H),7.95(t,1H)5.36(s,2H),3.41(t,2H),3.21(q,2H),2.85(s,2H);[M+Na]+m/z:327.14。
将30只小鼠随机分为5组,分别为空白组(NG)、模型组(MG)、阳性对照组(YG,新促排灵组)、0.21 mmol/kg偕胺肟组(CN)、0.42 mmol/kg偕胺肟组(EN),每组6只。实验前适应性喂养一周后,第八天开始给药,偕胺肟组小鼠尾静脉注射乙酸氧铀(0.5 mg/kg)后立即尾静脉注射不同剂量的偕胺肟化合物;阳性对照组尾静脉注射乙酸氧铀(0.5 mg/kg)后立即尾静脉注射新促排灵(0.42 mmol/kg);空白组小鼠尾静脉注射生理盐水后立即注射生理盐水;模型组尾静脉注射乙酸氧铀(0.5 mg/kg)后立即注射等量生理盐水。给药24 h后眼球取血并脱颈处死小鼠,取两侧肾脏,股骨。将小鼠的肾、股骨样品放入消解管中,每个样品加入6 mL硝酸,120 ℃预热30 min,冷却后加入2 mL 30%过氧化氢(H2O2),将样品置微波消解仪中升温消解(80, 120,150,180 ℃/3 min,190 ℃/20 min),冷却后,挥干样品溶剂,用1%的硝酸定容至8 mL,用ICP-MS测定脏器中铀的剩余量。
精密吸取血清100 μL于2 mL EP管中,添加1 200 mL甲醇沉淀蛋白,涡旋震荡1 min后超声10 min,置低温高速离心机中离心(12 000 r/min,15 min),移取100 μL上清液至衍生化瓶中用氮吹仪在60 ℃下挥干溶剂加入20 mg/mL甲氧胺吡啶盐酸盐溶液50 μL涡旋30 s,放入70 ℃水浴肟化1 h后冷却至室温,加入50 μL硅烷化试剂BSTFA+TMCS(99∶1)试剂,涡旋30 s混匀后放入70 ℃水浴中衍生化1 h,随后冷却至室温,加入100 μL庚烷稀释样品,涡旋30 s混匀后过0.2 μm有机滤膜后待进样分析。
色谱柱:Rtx-5MS(30 m×250 μm,0.25 μm);分流进样;流速为1 mL/min;进样量为1 μL;进样口温度为280 ℃;采用程序升温:起始温度80 ℃(保持5 min),80~300 ℃以5 ℃/min速度进行线性升温,300 ℃(保持15 min);载气为氦气(纯度>99.99%)。质谱条件:电离方式EI;电子能量70 eV;离子源温度230 ℃;电子倍增器电压1 kV。扫描模式为全扫描;扫描范围为50~1 000 m/z
对各组小鼠血清样本进行GC-MS(gas chromatograaphy-mass spectrometer)分析,将得到的原始数据导入XCMS online数据平台进行峰对齐、基线校正、归一化等处理;经处理后的数据导入SIMCA14.1软件,对数据进行主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和正交偏最小二乘法分析(orthogonal partial least squares- discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA),利用变量投影重要性(variable importance in the projection,VIP)筛选差异性代谢物(VIP>1,P<0.05),通过NIST2017质谱数据库获取该物质结构信息,利用HMDB(Human Metabolome Database, https://hmdb.ca/spectra/ms/search)和KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, https://www.kegg.jp/kegg/kegg2.html) 等在线数据,进一步鉴定潜在的差异性代谢物,通过Metabo-Analyst5.0(http://www.metaboanalyst.ca/)完成代谢通路的富集和网络代谢图谱的构建。
计量资料以平均值±标准差($\overline{x}$±s)表示,采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)组间的差异,使用GraphPad Prism 8分析和绘制。
与模型组相比0.21、0.42 mmol/kg的偕胺肟化合物和0.42 mmol/kg ZnNa3-DTPA可明显降低肾内铀含量(P<0.01);0.42 mmol/kg的偕胺化合物可减少肾、股骨内61.70%、54.74%铀含量,而同剂量ZnNa3-DTPA分别减少肾、股骨内60.70%、40%铀含量,见图2。该化合物可明显降低股骨内铀含量(P<0.05) 。
将各组小鼠血清衍生化处理后,使用GC-MS进样分析, 得到正常组、模型组、给药组及阳性对照组总离子流色谱图(total ion chromatograms,TIC),见图3。通过噪声理、基线校正等处理后得到的数据导入SIMCA14.1采用正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)分析,见图4,发现各组数据组内均呈聚类现象,模型组(MG)与空白组(NG),阳性组(YG),不同剂量偕胺肟组(CN,EN)分离明显,且所有数据均分布于95%置信区间内,其中空白组和模型组模型参数Y轴方向模型的累积解释率${R}_{Y}^{2}$=0.977,模型的累积预测率Q2=0.964,表明所建立模型可靠,预测性良好。进一步采用偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)对各组数据进行分析(图5),可知空白组和模型组距离较远,说明铀内污染对小鼠代谢影响明显;偕胺肟组比阳性组更趋向于空白组,且0.42 mmol/kg偕胺肟作用更明显,表明偕胺肟化合物在促排的同时对代谢有一定的干预作用。
通过VIP值来筛选差异性代谢物,VIP>1,P<0.05的变量被认为与铀暴露和偕胺肟促排相关,共筛选获得14个差异性代谢物,主要包括甘氨酸、L-赖氨酸、L-苏氨酸、酪氨酸、胆固醇、壬酸、硬脂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、油酸、氨基甲酸等。采用层次聚类分析获得潜在差异性代谢物的热力图直观显示出差异性代谢物在各组之间的含量变化,如图6所示。与正常组相比,模型组小鼠血清中甘氨酸、L-苏氨酸、酪氨酸、油酸、亚硫酸、尿素等水平显著下调,硬脂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸等水平显著上调。进一步将筛选得到的差异性代谢物上传至Metabo Analyst 5.0分析平台进行代谢通路分析,以Impact值大于0.1筛选为潜在相关代谢通路,共涉及3条主要通路分别为酪氨酸代谢,甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢,苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸生物合成(如表1图7)。
偕胺肟修饰的吸附材料目前主要用于海水中铀的吸附与提取,其具有对铀亲和力高,吸附选择性好、化学稳定性高等特点[13-15],前期实验合成了相关偕胺肟类化合物用于铀促排,具有较好的促排效果,因此,本研究在前期研究基础上进行结构优化以2,2'-氧双二乙胺为配体,拥有两个偕胺肟修饰位点,旨在合成促排能力更强的多齿配体,结果表明与模型组相比其立即给药能够显著降低小鼠肾内铀含量,在股骨中高剂量的偕胺肟具有一定的促排效果。后续本实验将进一步研究偕胺肟化合物与铀的配位模式,进行结构优化,合成与铀形成更稳定的多齿结合配体,提高促排效果。
在评价偕胺肟化合物促排效果的同时,采用GC-MS代谢组学分析偕胺肟化合物促排的同时对小鼠体内代谢物的影响。Stéphane等[16-18]以实验动物为模型,对铀暴露尿液样本进行了非靶向代谢组学分析,发现主要的代谢紊乱是烟酸-烟酰胺和不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成。Cheng等[19]以非靶向代谢组学揭示了急性铀暴露对细胞内和细胞外的HK-2细胞的影响,结果显示铀暴露显著诱导了细胞的氨基酸生物合成和亚油酸代谢的紊乱。本研究对铀暴露小鼠血清进行非靶向代谢组学分析,结果鉴定出14个显著差异的代谢物,主要涉及苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成;甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢。其中甘-丝-苏氨酸之间的相互作用是几个非常重要的与生物途径相关的代谢十字路口[20],是影响能量前体和还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)的关键途径,而NADPH作为体内供氢体参与多种反应,包括维持谷胱甘肽的还原状态,谷胱甘肽是体内重要的抗氧化剂,能够清除内自由基。研究表明铀可直接或间接地与体内的抗氧化防御系统相互作用,导致氧化还原稳态失衡从而表现出促氧化活性[21]。通过对比空白组和模型组发现模型组苏氨酸和甘氨酸下调可能与该作用相关;苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸都是必需氨基酸,在肾脏中苯丙氨酸可被苯丙氨酸4-羟化酶转化为酪氨酸。研究发现,随着慢性肾脏病的进展,血清中苯丙氨酸逐渐升高,酪氨酸含量逐渐下降[22],而铀在肾近端小管沉积可能导致近端小管损伤和肾衰竭[23],本研究发现苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、苏氨酸的生物合成及酪氨酸代谢受到影响,可能与铀沉积在肾中引起肾损伤有关。
本研究合成偕胺肟化合物并评价其促排效果,为偕胺肟化合物在铀促排领域的应用提供了参考,同时应用非靶向代谢组学观察偕胺肟化合物促排时内源性代谢物的变化。表明偕胺肟化合物对小鼠肾、股骨中铀有较好的促排效果,同时对氨基酸合成代谢等影响小,甚至可能对铀暴露引起的代谢紊乱有一定的改善作用,但具体作用机制及偕胺肟化合物的结构优化有待进行更深入的研究。
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2025年第25卷第7期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403547
  • 接收时间:2024-05-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
  • 出版时间:2025-03-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-14
  • 修回日期:2024-08-01
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    1 青海大学医学院药学系, 西宁 810016
    2 军事医学研究院, 北京 100850

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* 黄荣清(1965—),男,汉族,江西南昌人,博士,研究员,博士研究生导师。研究方向:新药质量标准及中药复方研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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