Article(id=1245407861627535803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156262727438951343, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402880, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1713456000000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-19, revisedDate=1717516800000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774857972771, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=1741363200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774857972771, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774857972771, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774857972771, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156262727438951343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='7', pageStart='2193', pageEnd='3077', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753604116544, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753771263994, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156963794699248405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156262727438951343, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156963794699248406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156262727438951343, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2874, endPage=2885, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245407862239904226, articleId=1245407861627535803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Basic Mechanical Performance Test of Square Bamboo Material, columnId=1156262729917780302, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

At present, the research on bamboo mainly focuses on large-diameter bamboos such as moso bamboo, and the research and application of square bamboo and small-diameter bamboos are rare. Based on the test method of physical and mechanical properties of bamboo, the mechanical tests were carried out on 111 Zhaotong square bamboo flake samples born in 3~5 years, and the tensile and compressive strength, elastic modulus and other parameters were determined. Based on the experimental data, the intensity probability distribution was determined and its distribution characteristics were verified. Combined with the research results of timber structure and the reliability limit state design method, the strength standard value and design value of square bamboo were obtained, and its feasibility was verified by comparison with moso bamboo, larch and other materials. The reliability index was corrected for the design value of the compressive strength of the grain that did not meet the requirements of the code. The result enriches the database of mechanical properties of small-diameter bamboo, and also opens up a new direction for the further research and application of bamboo.

, correspAuthors=Qing-wen ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xu-dan WANG, Qing-wen ZHANG, Chun-nan LIU, Chun-lei DONG, Yu ZHANG, Bo XU, Wei LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1245407866262242112, articleId=1245407861627535803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=方竹材料基础力学性能试验研究, columnId=1156262730517565784, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·建筑科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目前竹类研究主要以毛竹等大径级竹材为研究对象,方竹及小径级竹材的研究与应用较少。以竹材物理力学性能试验方法为依据,对3~5 年生的111 个昭通方竹片状试样进行了力学试验,测定了拉压强度、弹性模量等参数。基于试验数据,确定了强度概率分布并验证了其分布特性。结合木结构研究成果与可靠度极限状态设计法,得出了方竹的强度标准值和设计值,并通过与毛竹、落叶松等材料的对比,验证了其可行性。针对不满足规范要求的顺纹抗压强度设计值,进行了可靠度指标修正。本研究丰富了小径级竹材的力学性能数据库,也为方竹的进一步研究与应用开拓了新的方向。

, correspAuthors=张庆文, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 张庆文(1966—),男,汉族,云南个旧人,博士,教授,博士生导师。研究方向:森林工程、工程力学。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=v1hBqitmA/X+uljw4+/Cbw==, magXml=97jUIIN3GpbF2TsoLjS3qQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ieoXJXwXDwnQk4ltOIptzA==, pdfFileSize=14976569, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=H/ylXhGy4pdJCGUtdylaSw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=oD8wTv3MidFouNgn238WLg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王旭丹(1999—),女,汉族,云南昆明人,硕士研究生。研究方向:建筑复合材料。E-mail:

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王旭丹(1999—),女,汉族,云南昆明人,硕士研究生。研究方向:建筑复合材料。E-mail:

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王旭丹(1999—),女,汉族,云南昆明人,硕士研究生。研究方向:建筑复合材料。E-mail:

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figureFileSmall=LiBGDqmY9dd44f7hT+5Hbg==, figureFileBig=N+NKQQHBzmfZpZ8e6tze8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407872033603978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Compressive strain field of the grain, figureFileSmall=8dkJA7D1gmDCa86TE908CQ==, figureFileBig=TSd3cQQS2tWDDtx5O2icZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407872121684371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=CN, label=图6, caption=顺纹受压应变场, figureFileSmall=8dkJA7D1gmDCa86TE908CQ==, figureFileBig=TSd3cQQS2tWDDtx5O2icZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407872230736284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Compressive displacement-load curve of the grain, figureFileSmall=kFMQ63yWuSyNl6duiZ4+qg==, figureFileBig=A4w0cK2JiFGRmYmO2Wjlfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407872335593898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=CN, label=图7, caption=顺纹受压位移-载荷曲线, figureFileSmall=kFMQ63yWuSyNl6duiZ4+qg==, figureFileBig=A4w0cK2JiFGRmYmO2Wjlfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407872474005940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Parallel tensile displacement load curve, figureFileSmall=xBz7L0x3hEbWDg9MQs9XGw==, figureFileBig=tJZ/mGgAB1pe7+t9PCrK8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407872620806597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=CN, label=图8, caption=顺纹受拉位移-载荷曲线, figureFileSmall=xBz7L0x3hEbWDg9MQs9XGw==, figureFileBig=tJZ/mGgAB1pe7+t9PCrK8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407872813744593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Displacement-load diagram of bamboo, figureFileSmall=DAUuqEKrGgTcjnyhVj/0bg==, figureFileBig=TJ9W08P6wkl+Mhggs/sYlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407872931185114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=CN, label=图9, caption=方竹位移-载荷图, figureFileSmall=DAUuqEKrGgTcjnyhVj/0bg==, figureFileBig=TJ9W08P6wkl+Mhggs/sYlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407873090568682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Damage phenomenon of square bamboo, figureFileSmall=QDepVzjpLnGtwZ8+L66olQ==, figureFileBig=kAtUviokWpgkH9wlfT7o2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407873241563637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=CN, label=图10, caption=方竹破坏现象, figureFileSmall=QDepVzjpLnGtwZ8+L66olQ==, figureFileBig=kAtUviokWpgkH9wlfT7o2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407873359004162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Box plot, figureFileSmall=2+PsS8o3qZUn862etKhLpg==, figureFileBig=tmBRD0Ml5oukHCW+FcKFuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407873459667466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=CN, label=图11, caption=箱线图, figureFileSmall=2+PsS8o3qZUn862etKhLpg==, figureFileBig=tmBRD0Ml5oukHCW+FcKFuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407873589690897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Along grain strength histogram, figureFileSmall=Jr1Y4d8iIxxOBR2j7MCGKw==, figureFileBig=EEJkC30zGwF5pSvxFcRf2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407873728102942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=CN, label=图12, caption=顺纹强度直方图, figureFileSmall=Jr1Y4d8iIxxOBR2j7MCGKw==, figureFileBig=EEJkC30zGwF5pSvxFcRf2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407873866514984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Fitting curve, figureFileSmall=N4xHM3YcMCvnbf7bXJj+KQ==, figureFileBig=AdTpAn1AYABDTsfkpkL+qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407874009121329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=CN, label=图13, caption=拟合曲线, figureFileSmall=N4xHM3YcMCvnbf7bXJj+KQ==, figureFileBig=AdTpAn1AYABDTsfkpkL+qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407874118173242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Experimental data and calculation analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号 水平 试验指标抗
压强度/MPa
A(含
水率/%)
B(壁
厚/mm)
C(高
度/mm)
综合
1 1(7.0) 1(4) 1(14.5) 1 68.02
2 1(7.0) 2(5) 2(15.0) 2 69.17
3 1(7.0) 3(6) 3(15.5) 3 95.59
4 2(7.5) 1 2 3 75.85
5 2(7.5) 2 3 1 69.96
6 2(7.5) 3 1 2 64.27
7 3(8.0) 1 3 2 67.21
8 3(8.0) 2 1 3 68.44
9 3(8.0) 3 2 1 65.63
K1 232.78 211.08 200.73 203.61
K2 210.08 207.57 210.65 200.65
K3 201.28 225.49 232.76 239.88
k1 77.59 70.36 66.91 67.87
k2 70.03 69.19 70.22 66.88
k3 67.09 75.16 77.59 79.96
R 10.50 5.97 10.68 12.09
), ArticleFig(id=1245407874210447939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验数据与计算分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号 水平 试验指标抗
压强度/MPa
A(含
水率/%)
B(壁
厚/mm)
C(高
度/mm)
综合
1 1(7.0) 1(4) 1(14.5) 1 68.02
2 1(7.0) 2(5) 2(15.0) 2 69.17
3 1(7.0) 3(6) 3(15.5) 3 95.59
4 2(7.5) 1 2 3 75.85
5 2(7.5) 2 3 1 69.96
6 2(7.5) 3 1 2 64.27
7 3(8.0) 1 3 2 67.21
8 3(8.0) 2 1 3 68.44
9 3(8.0) 3 2 1 65.63
K1 232.78 211.08 200.73 203.61
K2 210.08 207.57 210.65 200.65
K3 201.28 225.49 232.76 239.88
k1 77.59 70.36 66.91 67.87
k2 70.03 69.19 70.22 66.88
k3 67.09 75.16 77.59 79.96
R 10.50 5.97 10.68 12.09
), ArticleFig(id=1245407874344665683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mechanical performance indicators of square bamboo with smooth patterns

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验类型 力学性能 试样数量 平均值/MPa 标准差/MPa 变异系数 含水率/% 密度/(kg·m-3) 泊松比 弹性模量
顺纹受压 顺纹抗压强度 62 66.78 11.41 0.17 7.5 752.275 0.33 1 814.24
顺纹受拉 顺纹抗拉强度 38 158.75 45.59 0.29 7.5 752.275 0.4 1 822.25
), ArticleFig(id=1245407874466300507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

方竹顺纹力学性能指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验类型 力学性能 试样数量 平均值/MPa 标准差/MPa 变异系数 含水率/% 密度/(kg·m-3) 泊松比 弹性模量
顺纹受压 顺纹抗压强度 62 66.78 11.41 0.17 7.5 752.275 0.33 1 814.24
顺纹受拉 顺纹抗拉强度 38 158.75 45.59 0.29 7.5 752.275 0.4 1 822.25
), ArticleFig(id=1245407874558575203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Probability calculation of compressive strength of square bamboo

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数x 区间中点xi 实测个数ni 理论概率 理论个数
正态分布 对数正态分布 正态分布 对数正态分布
[40,50) 45 4 0.05 0.04 3 2.37
[50,60) 55 11 0.19 0.22 11.67 13.92
[60,70) 65 29 0.34 0.35 20.88 21.68
[70,80) 75 8 0.28 0.25 17.63 15.20
[80,90) 85 8 0.11 0.10 7.05 6.42
[90,100] 95 2 0.02 0.03 1.31 1.91
实际个数ni求和 ${\sum }_{i}^{}$ni=62 ${\sum }_{i}^{}$ni${\stackrel{\wedge }{p}}_{i}$=61.54 ${\sum }_{i}^{}$ni${\stackrel{\wedge }{p}}_{i}$=61.5
), ArticleFig(id=1245407874667627120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

方竹抗压强度概率计算

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数x 区间中点xi 实测个数ni 理论概率 理论个数
正态分布 对数正态分布 正态分布 对数正态分布
[40,50) 45 4 0.05 0.04 3 2.37
[50,60) 55 11 0.19 0.22 11.67 13.92
[60,70) 65 29 0.34 0.35 20.88 21.68
[70,80) 75 8 0.28 0.25 17.63 15.20
[80,90) 85 8 0.11 0.10 7.05 6.42
[90,100] 95 2 0.02 0.03 1.31 1.91
实际个数ni求和 ${\sum }_{i}^{}$ni=62 ${\sum }_{i}^{}$ni${\stackrel{\wedge }{p}}_{i}$=61.54 ${\sum }_{i}^{}$ni${\stackrel{\wedge }{p}}_{i}$=61.5
), ArticleFig(id=1245407874789261943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Strength design values of square bamboo

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验类型 顺纹受压 顺纹受拉
强度标准值fk/MPa 48.01 83.75
抗力分项系数γR 1.45 1.95
荷载持续时间影响系数均值KDOL 0.72 0.72
强度设计值fd/MPa 23.84 30.92
), ArticleFig(id=1245407874952839809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

方竹强度设计值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验类型 顺纹受压 顺纹受拉
强度标准值fk/MPa 48.01 83.75
抗力分项系数γR 1.45 1.95
荷载持续时间影响系数均值KDOL 0.72 0.72
强度设计值fd/MPa 23.84 30.92
), ArticleFig(id=1245407875070280330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Longitudinal compressive strength

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 fc,avg/MPa fc,k/MPa fc,d/MPa
昭通方竹 66.78 48.01 23.84
毛竹 [19] 60.80 45.58 22.32
毛竹[18] 54.04 53.14 15.26
东北落叶松[25] 52.2 15
杉木[25] 42.8 10
), ArticleFig(id=1245407875246441111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

顺纹抗压强度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 fc,avg/MPa fc,k/MPa fc,d/MPa
昭通方竹 66.78 48.01 23.84
毛竹 [19] 60.80 45.58 22.32
毛竹[18] 54.04 53.14 15.26
东北落叶松[25] 52.2 15
杉木[25] 42.8 10
), ArticleFig(id=1245407875372270243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Parallel tensile strength

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 ft,avg/MPa ft,k/MPa ft,d/MPa
昭通方竹 158.75 83.75 30.92
侧压竹集成材[26] 111.7 84.1 17.4
东北落叶松[25] 122.6 9.5
杉木[25] 81.6 7.5
), ArticleFig(id=1245407875481322155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

顺纹抗拉强度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 ft,avg/MPa ft,k/MPa ft,d/MPa
昭通方竹 158.75 83.75 30.92
侧压竹集成材[26] 111.7 84.1 17.4
东北落叶松[25] 122.6 9.5
杉木[25] 81.6 7.5
), ArticleFig(id=1245407875573596854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Resistance statistical parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
随机变量 平均值/标准值 变异系数
KA 1.000 0.050
KP 1.000 0.050
KB 1.000 0.050
KQ 0.720 0.120
KQ1 0.80 0.140
KQ3 0.720 0.120
KQ4 0.800 0.070
D 1.060 0.070
R 0.644 0.233
O 0.524 0.288
W 1.000 0.190
S 1.040 0.220
), ArticleFig(id=1245407875724591806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

抗力统计参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
随机变量 平均值/标准值 变异系数
KA 1.000 0.050
KP 1.000 0.050
KB 1.000 0.050
KQ 0.720 0.120
KQ1 0.80 0.140
KQ3 0.720 0.120
KQ4 0.800 0.070
D 1.060 0.070
R 0.644 0.233
O 0.524 0.288
W 1.000 0.190
S 1.040 0.220
), ArticleFig(id=1245407875883975376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Reliability indicators for longitudinal compression β

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
恒载荷+住宅楼面活载荷(D+R)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 1.849 6 1.781 7 2.045 8 2.354 2 2.615 0 2.719 0 2.771 0
恒载荷+办公楼面活载荷(D+O)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 1.849 6 1.865 9 2.192 4 2.578 2 2.899 1 3.018 4 3.076 2
恒载荷+风载荷(D+W)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 1.849 6 1.536 5 1.623 5 1.708 2 1.765 3 1.783 8 1.792 0
恒载荷+雪载荷(D+S)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 1.849 6 1.505 2 1.565 4 1.612 5 1.630 7 1.630 7 1.628 1
), ArticleFig(id=1245407875993027288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

顺纹受压可靠度指标β

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
恒载荷+住宅楼面活载荷(D+R)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 1.849 6 1.781 7 2.045 8 2.354 2 2.615 0 2.719 0 2.771 0
恒载荷+办公楼面活载荷(D+O)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 1.849 6 1.865 9 2.192 4 2.578 2 2.899 1 3.018 4 3.076 2
恒载荷+风载荷(D+W)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 1.849 6 1.536 5 1.623 5 1.708 2 1.765 3 1.783 8 1.792 0
恒载荷+雪载荷(D+S)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 1.849 6 1.505 2 1.565 4 1.612 5 1.630 7 1.630 7 1.628 1
), ArticleFig(id=1245407876097884896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Adjusted reliability indicators for longitudinal compression β

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
恒载荷+住宅楼面活载荷(D+R)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 2.522 3 2.259 0 2.354 4 2.354 2 2.615 0 2.719 0 2.771 0
恒载荷+办公楼面活载荷(D+O)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 2.522 3 2.342 5 2.499 9 2.578 2 2.899 1 3.018 4 3.072 6
恒载荷+风载荷(D+W)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 2.522 3 1.866 8 1.950 9 2.028 3 2.074 5 2.086 5 2.090 5
恒载荷+雪载荷(D+S)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 2.522 3 2.155 6 2.206 5 2.233 1 2.223 4 2.207 6 2.195 2
), ArticleFig(id=1245407876211131111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

调整后顺纹受压可靠度指标β

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
恒载荷+住宅楼面活载荷(D+R)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 2.522 3 2.259 0 2.354 4 2.354 2 2.615 0 2.719 0 2.771 0
恒载荷+办公楼面活载荷(D+O)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 2.522 3 2.342 5 2.499 9 2.578 2 2.899 1 3.018 4 3.072 6
恒载荷+风载荷(D+W)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 2.522 3 1.866 8 1.950 9 2.028 3 2.074 5 2.086 5 2.090 5
恒载荷+雪载荷(D+S)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 2.522 3 2.155 6 2.206 5 2.233 1 2.223 4 2.207 6 2.195 2
), ArticleFig(id=1245407876315988719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Satisfies the reliability index for ductile failure β

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
恒载荷+住宅楼面活载荷(D+R)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 3.203 6 3.205 5 3.294 1 3.273 0 3.495 6 3.573 2 3.607 0
恒载荷+办公楼面活载荷(D+O)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 3.203 6 3.201 7 3.351 2 3.405 8 3.681 6 3.768 7 3.800 4
恒载荷+风载荷(D+W)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 3.203 6 3.201 9 3.274 3 3.322 1 3.324 4 3.310 2 3.297 4
恒载荷+雪荷载(D+S)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 3.203 6 3.312 1 3.346 4 3.336 5 3.277 3 3.233 4 3.203 4
), ArticleFig(id=1245407876408263415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

满足延性破坏可靠度指标β

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
恒载荷+住宅楼面活载荷(D+R)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 3.203 6 3.205 5 3.294 1 3.273 0 3.495 6 3.573 2 3.607 0
恒载荷+办公楼面活载荷(D+O)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 3.203 6 3.201 7 3.351 2 3.405 8 3.681 6 3.768 7 3.800 4
恒载荷+风载荷(D+W)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 3.203 6 3.201 9 3.274 3 3.322 1 3.324 4 3.310 2 3.297 4
恒载荷+雪荷载(D+S)
ρ 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4
β 3.203 6 3.312 1 3.346 4 3.336 5 3.277 3 3.233 4 3.203 4
), ArticleFig(id=1245407876508926720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=

Adjustment factors for satisfying the reliability index of ductility failure

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
恒载荷 R=0.8×0.83×0.828=0.549 79
恒载荷+住宅楼面活载荷(D+R) ρ=0.25时R=(0.83+0.17×0.25)×0.763=
0.665 175
ρ=0.5时R=(0.83+0.17×0.5)×0.763=0.698 145
ρ≥1时R=0.763
恒载荷+办公楼面活载荷(D+O) ρ=0.25时R=(0.83+0.17×0.25)×0.782=
0.682 295
ρ=0.5时R=(0.83+0.17×0.5)×0.782=0.715 53
ρ≥1时R=0.782
恒载荷+风载荷(D+W) R=0.91×0.683=0.621 53
恒载荷+雪载荷(D+S) R=0.83×0.718=0.595 94
), ArticleFig(id=1245407876676698894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407861627535803, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

满足延性破坏可靠指标的调整系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
恒载荷 R=0.8×0.83×0.828=0.549 79
恒载荷+住宅楼面活载荷(D+R) ρ=0.25时R=(0.83+0.17×0.25)×0.763=
0.665 175
ρ=0.5时R=(0.83+0.17×0.5)×0.763=0.698 145
ρ≥1时R=0.763
恒载荷+办公楼面活载荷(D+O) ρ=0.25时R=(0.83+0.17×0.25)×0.782=
0.682 295
ρ=0.5时R=(0.83+0.17×0.5)×0.782=0.715 53
ρ≥1时R=0.782
恒载荷+风载荷(D+W) R=0.91×0.683=0.621 53
恒载荷+雪载荷(D+S) R=0.83×0.718=0.595 94
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方竹材料基础力学性能试验研究
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王旭丹 1 , 张庆文 1, * , 刘春楠 1 , 董春雷 2 , 章煜 3 , 徐波 3 , 李伟 3
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(7): 2874-2885
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(7): 2874-2885
方竹材料基础力学性能试验研究
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王旭丹1 , 张庆文1, * , 刘春楠1, 董春雷2, 章煜3, 徐波3, 李伟3
作者信息
  • 1 西南林业大学土木工程学院, 昆明 650224
  • 2 西南林业大学材料与化工学院, 昆明 650224
  • 3 云南省林业调查规划院资源调查研究中心, 昆明 650051
  • 王旭丹(1999—),女,汉族,云南昆明人,硕士研究生。研究方向:建筑复合材料。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 张庆文(1966—),男,汉族,云南个旧人,博士,教授,博士生导师。研究方向:森林工程、工程力学。E-mail:
Basic Mechanical Performance Test of Square Bamboo Material
Xu-dan WANG1 , Qing-wen ZHANG1, * , Chun-nan LIU1, Chun-lei DONG2, Yu ZHANG3, Bo XU3, Wei LI3
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
  • 2 School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
  • 3 Resource Survey and Research Center of Yunnan Forestry Survey and Planning Institute, Kunming 650051, China
出版时间: 2025-03-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402880
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目前竹类研究主要以毛竹等大径级竹材为研究对象,方竹及小径级竹材的研究与应用较少。以竹材物理力学性能试验方法为依据,对3~5 年生的111 个昭通方竹片状试样进行了力学试验,测定了拉压强度、弹性模量等参数。基于试验数据,确定了强度概率分布并验证了其分布特性。结合木结构研究成果与可靠度极限状态设计法,得出了方竹的强度标准值和设计值,并通过与毛竹、落叶松等材料的对比,验证了其可行性。针对不满足规范要求的顺纹抗压强度设计值,进行了可靠度指标修正。本研究丰富了小径级竹材的力学性能数据库,也为方竹的进一步研究与应用开拓了新的方向。

方竹  /  拉压性能  /  强度设计值  /  概率分布  /  可靠度分析

At present, the research on bamboo mainly focuses on large-diameter bamboos such as moso bamboo, and the research and application of square bamboo and small-diameter bamboos are rare. Based on the test method of physical and mechanical properties of bamboo, the mechanical tests were carried out on 111 Zhaotong square bamboo flake samples born in 3~5 years, and the tensile and compressive strength, elastic modulus and other parameters were determined. Based on the experimental data, the intensity probability distribution was determined and its distribution characteristics were verified. Combined with the research results of timber structure and the reliability limit state design method, the strength standard value and design value of square bamboo were obtained, and its feasibility was verified by comparison with moso bamboo, larch and other materials. The reliability index was corrected for the design value of the compressive strength of the grain that did not meet the requirements of the code. The result enriches the database of mechanical properties of small-diameter bamboo, and also opens up a new direction for the further research and application of bamboo.

Fangzhu  /  tensile and compressive performance  /  strength design value  /  probability distribution  /  reliability analysis
王旭丹, 张庆文, 刘春楠, 董春雷, 章煜, 徐波, 李伟. 方竹材料基础力学性能试验研究. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (7) : 2874 -2885 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402880
Xu-dan WANG, Qing-wen ZHANG, Chun-nan LIU, Chun-lei DONG, Yu ZHANG, Bo XU, Wei LI. Basic Mechanical Performance Test of Square Bamboo Material[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (7) : 2874 -2885 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402880
昭通市位于滇东北,地处乌蒙山区腹地,地形地貌复杂,气候条件温和湿润,年平均气温11.4~20.9 ℃,年降雨量660~1 230 mm,湿度较大,具有“冷湿寡照”的气候特点[1]。根据2021 年度云南省竹产业发展报告统计,昭通市竹资源面积是云南省占比最大的州(市)达36.38×104 hm2,其中方竹总分布面积约5.69×104 hm2(人工林面积约2.26×104 hm2、天然林约3.43×104 hm2)[2]。在“双碳”目标的指引下,寻找绿色、低碳、可持续经济建设是中国首要的发展目标,竹材的发展利用成为了建筑业的新课题[3]
竹材生长周期短,一般3~5 年便可成材使用[4]。目前竹产业主要以毛竹等大径级的竹材为原料[5-6],方竹及小径级竹材运用较少。力学性能决定竹材的利用价值与领域[7],黄培东等[8]以赤水楠竹为研究对象,通过试验分析不同竹龄(3~9 年)赤水楠竹的力学性能,总结了随着竹龄的增加,抗压强度有先增后降的趋势,竹龄为5 年顺纹抗压强度最优。而抗拉强度随着竹龄的增加,有缓慢增大再快速下降的趋势,竹龄为5 年的顺纹抗拉强度最大;张丹等[9]以毛竹圆竹为研究对象,发现4 年生毛竹的力学性能总体优于6 年生毛竹;谢九龙等[10]发现四川江油1~3 年生慈竹材的顺纹抗压强度、顺纹抗剪强度随竹龄和竹杆高度的增加而增加;俞友明等[11]用回归分析法探讨了竹龄与竹材各项物理力学性质之间的关系,发现顺纹抗压强度、顺纹抗拉强度随竹龄增加而增加,至3~5 年较稳定;邓友生等[12]对国内外毛竹构件及竹质结构的试验方法进行了对比研究,探讨了毛竹管不同部位、空竹管与混凝土竹管在抗压承载力方面的差异。通过分析变形破坏特点,建立了混凝土竹管的抗压承载力计算公式。研究结果表明,竹材在抗拉、抗弯、弹性和韧性等方面与钢材相近,经加工处理后,某些性能甚至优于钢材。Ming等[13]通过对已有的研究成果的总结和分析,从中发现含水率对竹材的力学性能有很大影响,竹子的抗拉强度、抗压强度和断裂韧性在接触水时都会降低。Zhang等[14]对斑竹科竹子进行轴向压缩实验,发现压缩破坏均为剪切损伤且抗压强度弹性模量均高于毛竹。并提出建议:在竹材使用前,通过干燥和涂抹天然或人工防腐剂来减少竹子中的含水量,以保护竹子免受腐烂和害虫的侵害。
而方竹现有相关研究大多聚焦于方竹的基础物理特性以及空间分布规律上[2,15],力学性能相关研究较少,现通过测定方竹片状试样的顺纹抗压强度、顺纹抗拉强度、密度、含水率等,参照《木结构设计手册》和毛竹圆竹已有的成果,计算研究方竹顺纹强度标准值和强度设计值。根据《建筑结构可靠度设计统一标准》对延性构件可靠度指标β≥3.2的要求,调整方竹顺纹抗压强度设计值使其满足可靠度指标要求。
方竹属中型复轴散生竹,是昭通特有类群,具有比丛生竹更为发达的复轴鞭根系统,以“形呈四方”得名[2]。3~5 年生方竹下部壁厚4~9 mm,每节竹杆长为20~30 cm,竹节处有毛刺。在昭通市,天然方竹从分布的广度、优势度及资源数量上,仅次于筇竹,排列第二[16]
方竹采自于2023 年11 月昭通市的盐津县、彝良县、镇雄县、水富县、大关县,所有试样均在试验前放置在干燥通风的试验环境一周以上,以平衡含水率。每次试验中的试样均来自同一竹杆,以减少材料变化对试验结果的影响。
将方竹横截面放大5倍观察,可以看到维管束的分布特点:从竹青面至竹黄面,维管束的分布呈现出由密集到稀疏的渐变趋势,而竹青层的维管束分布尤为密集。竹材具有韧性是因为维管束中富含纤维,而维管束周围的组织则增强了竹材的硬度。方竹横切面如图1所示,方竹横切面显微图如图2所示。
由于方竹为小径级竹材,上部竹杆的壁厚和直径较小,故顺纹受压、顺纹受拉试验所用试样均采自同一竹杆的中、下部分。此次力学试验中所用试样均为表面光滑无损伤的原竹,不去除竹青和竹黄。顺纹抗压试样和顺纹抗拉试样模型图和实际图如图3所示。
正交试验方案是一种用于多因素多水平实验设计的科学方法,旨在研究不同因素及其水平组合对实验结果的影响。本次正交试验方案将研究含水率、壁厚和高度3个因素对实验结果的影响。含水率方面,设置7%、7.5%和8%3个水平;壁厚方面,选择4、5、6 mm 3个水平;高度方面,设定为14.0、14.5、15.0 mm 3个水平。按照正交表所列的组合进行试验,并收集和分析数据,最终得出各因素对试验结果的影响程度及最佳因素水平组合。正交试验数据与计算分析表如表1所示。
表1可知,极差R越大,对抗压强度的影响越大,则试样高度为主要因素,含水率为次要因素。以3个因素为横坐标,平均抗压强度为纵坐标,做出指标-因素关系如图4所示。
图4可知,A1B1C3为最优条件,正式试验中,尽量选取含水率在7%、壁厚为4 mm、试样高度为15 mm的试样进行试验。
参照中国建筑行业标准JG/T 199—2007《建筑用竹材物理力学性能试验方法》[17]进行试验。顺纹抗压强度测定:将试样垂直放置在电子万能试验机球面滑动支座的中心位置上,以2 mm/min的均匀速度施加压力,记录试样破坏的最大载荷。顺纹抗拉强度测定:为增加试样与夹钳的摩擦力,防止试样在拉伸的过程中滑动,在试样两端贴上垫片,保证中间有效距离为60 mm,以2 mm/min的均匀速度加荷至试样破坏。当拉断处不在有效部分时,应予舍弃。方竹力学性能试验装置如图5所示。
进行力学试验前,对试验时试样的质量和体积测量并记录,试样破坏后,用天平秤立即称量,精确至0.001 g。烘箱内保持温度103 ℃ ± 2 ℃,烘至8 h后,取出3 个试样进行试称,以后每隔2 h试称一次。当前后两次称量之差不大于0.002 g时,即认为达到全干。取出试样,待试样冷却至室温后称量,精确至0.001 g。根据两次数据计算出方竹的含水率和密度[18]
方竹顺纹受压试验的过程可概括为3个主要阶段:在加载初期,方竹变形呈现线弹性,载荷与变形量成正比,试样表面无明显变形,弹性变形可逆,解除载荷后恢复原状;随着力的增大,方竹出现不可逆的变形,解除载荷时,方竹不能恢复到原始状态,此时载荷保持水平,变形持续增大;当压力达到极限时,方竹试样破坏,竹青面凸起撕裂,竹黄面凹陷,载荷迅速减小。压缩后,试样在受压方向显著缩短。
受压试样喷上散斑后,用数字散斑仪测定方竹试样在受压过程中各部位的应力-应变。从方竹受压应变场可知,在加载初期,斜向45°的应变最大,沿着周围应变逐渐减小;当试样破坏后,破坏处的应变最大,试样的中间部位的应变高于周围。方竹受压应变场如图6所示。
方竹顺纹抗拉破坏表现为脆性破坏,在达到极限抗拉强度之前,试样无明显变形,位移和载荷成正比关系。方竹试样在顺纹受拉会出现两种破坏现象:一是在加载初期,试样无明显变化,位移和载荷成正比关系;随着载荷的增加,竹黄面开始出现平口破坏、斜口破坏;载荷进一步加大后,试样断裂, 并发出清脆的断裂声,载荷迅速减小;二是随着载荷的增加,竹肉部分开始出现纵向裂纹,随着载荷的加大,试样沿顺纹方向劈裂破坏,并发出砰的声响,竹纤维出现断裂和分层现象。
方竹顺纹受压位移-载荷(Δ-F)图如图7(展示了6组实验数据,标记为1~6)所示;方竹顺纹受拉试验位移-载荷曲线如图8(展示了4组实验数据,标记为1~4)所示。
方竹顺纹受压为塑性破坏,主要经历3个阶段:弹性阶段、屈服阶段和局部径缩阶段。方竹顺纹受拉为脆性破坏,分为两个阶段:弹性阶段和破坏阶段。方竹位移-载荷图如图9所示,方竹顺纹试验时破坏现象如图10所示。
实验结束后,5 个产地共测得:顺纹抗压试验66 组数据,顺纹抗拉试验45 组数据。为去除数据异常值,采用箱线图法和IQR(inter quartile range)法筛选数据。
IQR法,计算出各组数据的四分位数,异常值的筛选和判断一般情况下的判断标准为:(Q1-1.5IQR)代表数据的最小值的下界;(Q3+1.5IQR)代表数据的最大值的上界;计算后筛选出异常数据。
通过方竹力学性能试验,计算出各组顺纹抗压强度和顺纹抗拉强度,公式为
fc,w=$\frac{{P}_{max}}{bt}$
式(1)中:Pmax为破坏时承受的最大载荷(最大拉力),N;b为试样宽度,mm;t为试样厚度,mm。
方竹顺纹力学性能指标如表2所示。顺纹抗压和顺纹抗拉最大载荷箱线图如图11所示,顺纹抗压强度直方图和顺纹抗拉强度直方图如图12所示。
目前暂时缺少关于竹材强度标准值和强度设计值的计算标准。郝际平等[19]用参数法和非参数法分析强度标准值,参数法包含了正态分布、对数正态分布和威布尔分布,次序统计法是非参数法的一种次序统计量方法,适用于样本量较少的分析。求出强度标准值后,先求出可靠性指标β,再逆算求出抗力分项系数γR。苏光荣等[20]用参数法和非参数法得出重组竹强度特征值,基于强度特征值,参照木材强度设计值方法,用参数法确定了强度设计值。肖纲要等[21]假定重组竹的顺纹抗压强度的概率分布服从正态分布或对数正态分布,采用Pearson卡方检验和判定其假定概率分布的合理性。Liu等[22]用正态分布、对数正态分布和威布尔分布来拟合材料强度的分布,得出强度标准值随拟合数据点的减小而减小,随等级的增加而增大。对拟合数据点和概率分布类型进行了可靠性分析,确定的阻力系数,计算出竹子的强度设计值。Kuang[23]采用Bootstrap方法得到竹材不同强度的标准值。荷载组合和荷载效应比对可靠性指标β与阻力系数γR关系的影响进行了分析。提出了一种抗弯强度目标可靠性指标的计算方法。确定了毛竹材料的设计强度,并提出了考虑不同设计情况的调整方法。综上所述,先判定方竹强度是否符合正态分布或对数正态分布,根据判定计算出强度标准值和设计值。
用MATLAB软件以方竹试样的抗压、抗拉强度为横坐标,概率密度为纵坐标,绘制抗压、抗拉强度直方图,同时拟合正态分布、对数正态分布曲线如图13所示。假定方竹的顺纹抗压强度概率分布服从正态分布或对数正态分布,然后采用卡方检验和判定其假定概率分布的合理性。根据假定概率分布,强度概率分布的计算公式为
F0(x)=$\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi }\sigma }{\int }_{-\infty }^{x} {e}^{-\frac{{(t-\mu )}^{2}}{2{\sigma }^{2}}}$dt
式(2)中:x为各强度随机变量;μσ均为未知参数,采用极大似然法估算,可得
$\stackrel{\wedge }{\mu }$$\frac{1}{62}\sum _{i=1}^{6}$ni${\stackrel{-}{x}}_{i}$=70
$\stackrel{\wedge }{\sigma }$$\sqrt{\frac{1}{62}\sum _{i=1}^{6}{n}_{i}({\stackrel{-}{x}}_{i}{-\stackrel{-}{x})}^{2}}$=12.02
式中:ni为第 i 组样本的个数;${\stackrel{-}{x}}_{i}$为第 i 组样本的平均值。
强度的组间距设置为10 MPa,每个子区间的实测个数如表3所示。通过比较每个子区间的理论预测个数与实测个数的差别,检验方竹抗压强度概率分布是否服从正态分布或对数正态分布。
根据表3计算所得的方竹顺纹抗压的实际个数和理论个数,采用卡方检验,检验水平设置为0.05,公式为
χ2=$\sum _{i=1}^{62}\frac{({n}_{i}-{\stackrel{\wedge }{np}}_{i}{)}^{2}}{{\stackrel{\wedge }{np}}_{i}}$
将方竹顺纹抗压强度设置为6 个区间,自由度数为5。显著性水平设为0.05的条件下,查阅卡方检验临界值表,对应的检验临界值为11.07。对正态分布和对数正态分布进行卡方检验,通过式(5)计算出来的方竹顺纹抗压强度正态分布和对数正态分布对应的卡方值分别为9.28和8.01,均小于检验临界值。顺纹抗拉强度检验与顺纹抗压强度判定一致,根据拟合效果得到结论为:方竹顺纹抗压强度和顺纹抗拉强度的分布符合正态分布和对数正态分布。顺纹抗压强度拟合效果:对数正态分布>正态分布;顺纹抗拉强度拟合效果:正态分布>对数正态分布。
取分布率为0.05 分位值[24],参考《木结构设计手册》,计算方竹强度标准值,公式为
fk=μf-1.645σf
式(6)中:fk为方竹强度标准值;μf为方竹强度均值;σf为方竹强度标准差。
将方竹力学性能试验求得的力学指标通过式计算,得到方竹的抗压强度标准值fkc=48.01 MPa。
基于可靠度的极限状态设计法,参照规范[24]竹材强度设计值计算公式为
fd=$\frac{{f}_{k}{K}_{DOL}}{{\gamma }_{R}}$
式(7)中:fk为强度标准值;KDOL为荷载持续作用效应系数,规定取值为0.72;γR为抗力分项系数其大小由构件的失效概率或可靠性确定。结构构件承载力极限状态下的可靠指标β取安全等级二级,顺纹受压为延性破坏,顺纹受拉为脆性破坏,设计使用年限为50 年,根据《木结构设计手册》中规定抗力分项系数γR分别为:顺纹受压1.45,顺纹受拉1.95,根据式(7),计算出方竹强度设计值如表4所示。方竹强度平均值、标准值、设计值与毛竹、东北落叶松、浙江杉木相比,如表5表6所示。
表5表6可知,昭通方竹的顺纹抗压强度平均值、标准值、设计值明显高于毛竹、落叶松、杉木几种常用的材料;而顺纹抗拉强度平均值、标准值、设计值优于侧压竹集成材、东北落叶松、杉木。
假定方竹构件抗压的抗力与荷载效应均服从对数正态分布,按照恒荷载+办公楼面活荷载(D+O)的组合方式,ρ=0.5对方竹构件抗压进行可靠度分析。方竹抗力系数统计表如表7所示。
《木结构设计标准》(GB 50005—2017)规定:在仅受恒载荷作用下,强度值应乘以恒载荷作用调整系数0.8[25],则在仅受恒载荷作用下有
KQ3=0.72×0.8=0.576
δQ3=0.12×0.8=0.096
fd=23.84×0.8=19.072 MPa
(1)仅受恒载荷抗力平均值μR与变异系数δR计算式为
μR=KAKPKQ1KQ3KQ4μf=1×1×0.8×0.576×0.8×67.81=24.997 5 MPa
δR=$\sqrt{{\delta }_{{K}_{A}}^{2}+{\delta }_{{K}_{P}}^{2}+{\delta }_{{K}_{Q1}}^{2}+{\delta }_{{K}_{Q3}}^{2}+{\delta }_{{K}_{Q4}}^{2}+{\delta }_{f}^{2}}$
=$\sqrt{0.{05}^{2}+0.{05}^{2}+0.{14}^{2}+0.{096}^{2}+0.{07}^{2}+0.{175}^{2}}$=0.263
仅受恒载荷效应平均值μS以及变异系数δS计算公式为
μS=$\frac{{f}_{d}{K}_{B}D}{{\gamma }_{G}+{\varphi }_{C}{\gamma }_{Q}\rho }$=$\frac{19.072\times 1\times 1.06}{1.35}$=14.975 MPa
δS=$\sqrt{{\delta }_{B}^{2}+\frac{(D{\delta }_{D}{)}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}$=$\sqrt{0.{05}^{2}+\frac{{(1.06\times 0.07)}^{2}}{1.{06}^{2}}}$=0.086
可靠度指标β计算公式为
$\beta=\ln \left(\frac{\mu_{\mathrm{R}}}{\mu_{\mathrm{S}}}\right) / \sqrt{\delta_{\mathrm{R}}^{2}+\delta_{\mathrm{S}}^{2}}$
仅受恒载荷作用下可靠度指标β计算公式为
$\begin{aligned}\beta & =\ln \left(\frac{\mu_{\mathrm{R}}}{\mu_{\mathrm{S}}}\right) / \sqrt{\delta_{\mathrm{R}}^{2}+\delta_{\mathrm{S}}^{2}} \\& =\frac{\ln \left(\frac{24.9975}{12.43}\right)}{\sqrt{0.263^{2}+0.086^{2}}}=1.8496\end{aligned}$
(2)D+O组合下抗力平均值μR与变异系数δR计算式为
μR=KAKPKQ1KQ3KQ4μf=1×1×0.8×0.72×0.8×67.81=31.25 MPa
δR=$\sqrt{{\delta }_{{K}_{A}}^{2}+{\delta }_{{K}_{P}}^{2}+{\delta }_{{K}_{Q1}}^{2}+{\delta }_{{K}_{Q3}}^{2}+{\delta }_{{K}_{Q4}}^{2}+{\delta }_{f}^{2}}$
=$\sqrt{0.{05}^{2}+0.{05}^{2}+0.{14}^{2}+0.{12}^{2}+0.{07}^{2}+0.{175}^{2}}$
=0.273
恒载荷+办公楼面活动载荷(D+O)组合效应平均值以及变异系数计算式为
μS=$\frac{{f}_{d}{K}_{B}(D+O\rho )}{{\gamma }_{G}+{\gamma }_{Q}\rho }$=$\frac{23.84\times 1\times (1.06+0.524\times 0.5)}{1.2+1.4\times 0.5}$=16.59 MPa
δS=$\sqrt{{\delta }_{B}^{2}+\frac{(D{\delta }_{D}{)}^{2}+(O{\delta }_{O}{\rho )}^{2}}{{(D+O\rho )}^{2}}}$=$\sqrt{0.{05}^{2}+\frac{{(1.06\times 0.07)}^{2}+{(0.524\times 0.288\times 0.5)}^{2}}{{(1.06+0.524\times 0.5)}^{2}}}$=0.094 38
恒载荷+办公楼面活载荷(D+O)组合作用下,可靠度指标β计算式为
$\begin{aligned}\beta & =\ln \left(\frac{\mu_{\mathrm{R}}}{\mu_{\mathrm{S}}}\right) / \sqrt{\delta_{\mathrm{R}}^{2}+\delta_{\mathrm{S}}^{2}} \\& =\frac{\ln \left(\frac{31.25}{16.59}\right)}{\sqrt{0.273^{2}+0.09438^{2}}} \\& =2.19\end{aligned}$
式中:μf为方竹构件抗压对数正态分布随机变量平均值;δf为方竹构件抗压对数正态分布随机变量变异系数;μfδf的取值均从MATLAB软件中计算得出。γG为恒载荷分项系数;γQ为活载荷分项系数。按照《建筑结构荷载规范》GB 50009—2012中3.2.4规定:当永久荷载效应对结构不利时,对由恒载荷效应控制的组合应取1.2;活载荷的分项系数取1.4[27]。对由永久荷载效应控制的组合应取1.35。
故仅在恒载荷作用下,ρ=0时,β=1.85。恒载荷+办公楼面活载荷(D+O)组合,ρ=0.5情况下,β=2.19。重复上述计算方法,分别对恒载荷+住宅楼面活荷载(D+R)、恒载荷+办公楼面活荷载(D+O)、恒载荷+雪荷载(D+S)、恒载荷+风荷载(D+W)四种情况、荷载比值ρ取7 种情况:ρ=0,0.25,0.5,1,2,3,4的条件下进行可靠度计算,结果如表8所示。
表8可知,ρ取0~4时,五种情况均不满足可靠度指标。因此,参照《木结构设计标准》(GB 50005—2017):对不满足可靠度指标的设计值进一步调整,当有雪荷载作用时强度设计值应乘以调整系数0.83,风荷载作用时强度设计值乘以调整系数0.91;当楼面(屋面)可变荷载标准值Qk与永久荷载标准值Gk的比率ρ<1.0(ρ=Qk/Gk)时,应乘以调整系数Kd,且Kd<1.0[25],公式为
Kd=0.83+0.17ρ
调整后的顺纹受压可靠度指标β,如表9所示。
表9可知,调整后的调整后顺纹受压可靠度指标β仍不满足要求,为了满足《建筑结构可靠度设计统一标准》(GB 50068—2018)对延性构件可靠度指标 β≥3.2的要求,在仅受恒载荷作用下的调整后的强度设计值乘以折减系数0.828进行校正;恒载荷与住宅楼面活荷载组合的情况,将调整后的强度设计值乘以折减系数0.763进行校正;恒载荷与办公楼面活荷载组合的情况,将调整后的强度设计值乘以折减系数0.782进行校正;恒载荷与风荷载组合的情况,将调整后的强度设计值乘以折减系数0.683进行校正;恒载荷与雪荷载组合的情况,将调整后的强度设计值乘以折减系数0.718进行校正。调整后的顺纹受压可靠度指标β表10所示。
调整后的顺纹受压可靠度指标β满足>延性破坏可靠度指标β=3.2。
综上所述,取可靠度指标β=3.2、仅受恒载荷作用下时,将方竹顺纹受压强度设计值乘以调整系数0.55;荷载作用组合为恒载荷+住宅楼面活荷载时,当载荷比ρ=0.25时,将方竹顺纹受压强度设计值乘以调整系数0.67,当载荷比ρ=0.5时,将方竹顺纹受压强度设计值乘以调整系数0.70,当载荷比ρ≥1时,将方竹顺纹受压强度设计值乘以调整系数0.76;荷载作用组合为恒载荷+办公楼面活荷载时,当载荷比ρ=0.25时,将方竹顺纹受压强度设计值乘以调整系数0.68,当载荷比ρ=0.5时,将方竹顺纹受压强度设计值乘以调整系数0.72,当载荷比ρ≥1时,将方竹顺纹受压强度设计值乘以调整系数0.78;荷载作用组合为恒载荷+风荷载时,将方竹顺纹受压强度设计值乘以调整系数0.62;荷载作用组合为恒载荷+雪荷载时,将方竹顺纹受压强度设计值乘以调整系数0.60。满足延性破坏可靠指标的调整系数如表11所示。
满足延性破坏可靠度指标β≥3.2,且取5种组合情况下修正系数最小值:R=0.55时,方竹的顺纹抗压强度设计值为
fd=23.84×0.55=13.112 MPa
本文共测试了66 个顺纹受压试样、45 个顺纹受拉试样,按照建筑用竹材物理力学性能试验方法,对其进行力学性能试验,通过IQR准则和箱线图法去除所有异常值后,剩余62 个顺纹受压、38 个顺纹受拉有效数据。通过计算与分析,可以得出以下结论。
(1)方竹顺纹受压主要经历3个阶段:弹性变形阶段、屈服阶段和局部径缩阶段。弹性变形阶段的变形是可恢复的,塑性变形后,变形不可恢复。
(2)方竹顺纹受拉为脆性破坏,在达到极限抗拉强度之前,试样无明显的塑性变形。
(3)用卡方检验判定:方竹强度概率分布服从正态分布、对数正态分布,顺纹抗压强度用对数正态分布拟合效果好,顺纹抗拉强度用正态分布拟合效果更好。
(4)参照木结构设计标准和毛竹强度设计值确定方法,计算出方竹顺纹抗压强度标准值和设计值。方竹顺纹抗压强度平均值、强度标准值、强度设计值分别为:66.78、48.01、23.84 MPa;方竹顺纹抗拉强度平均值、强度标准值、强度设计值分别为:158.75、83.75、30.92 MPa。
(5)与毛竹、侧压竹集成材、落叶松、杉木相比,方竹的强度设计值是可行的。
(6)参照《木结构设计标准》(GB 50005—2017)对方竹构件抗压进行了可靠度分析。为了满足《建筑结构可靠度设计统一标准》(GB 50068—2018)对延性破坏可靠度指标β≥3.2的要求。仅受恒载荷作用下时,方竹顺纹受压强度设计值乘以调整系数0.55;荷载作用组合为恒载荷+住宅楼面活荷载时,方竹顺纹受压强度设计值乘以调整系数0.67;荷载作用组合为恒载荷+办公楼面活荷载时,方竹顺纹受压强度设计值乘以调整系数0.68;荷载作用组合为恒载荷+风荷载时,将方竹顺纹受压强度设计值乘以调整系数0.62;荷载作用组合为恒载荷+雪荷载时,将方竹顺纹受压强度设计值乘以调整系数0.60。
(7)经过可靠度分析后,方竹顺纹抗压强度设计值为13.11 MPa。
  • 2022年云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目(202305AC160074)
  • 云南省林草联合专项(202404CB090018)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402880
  • 接收时间:2024-04-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
  • 出版时间:2025-03-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-19
  • 修回日期:2024-06-05
基金
2022年云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目(202305AC160074)
云南省林草联合专项(202404CB090018)
作者信息
    1 西南林业大学土木工程学院, 昆明 650224
    2 西南林业大学材料与化工学院, 昆明 650224
    3 云南省林业调查规划院资源调查研究中心, 昆明 650051

通讯作者:

* 张庆文(1966—),男,汉族,云南个旧人,博士,教授,博士生导师。研究方向:森林工程、工程力学。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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