Article(id=1245407860948054791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156262727438951343, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2310210, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1703606400000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-27, revisedDate=1714579200000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774857972609, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=1741363200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774857972609, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774857972609, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774857972609, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156262727438951343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='7', pageStart='2193', pageEnd='3077', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753604116544, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753771263994, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156963794699248405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156262727438951343, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156963794699248406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156262727438951343, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2983, endPage=2996, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245407861925327662, articleId=1245407860948054791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Compression Static Test of a Cable-stayed Replacement System Based on In-service Archor Plate and External Steel Anchor Barrel, columnId=1156262728772735295, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To achieve safe and efficient replacement of stay cables that exceeded their designed service life or suffer serious damage, a stay-cable replacement system (SRS) was proposed which used the existing cable-stayed anchor plate (ECAP) as a reaction force system. The scaled model of the typical main girder segment and the full-scale model of the SRS were designed and produced. The axial compression and eccentric compression static tests were carried out under the conditions of dry contact and adhesive contact between the steel anchor barrel (SAB) of SRS and the ECAP. The results show that, under dry contact conditions, the failure mode of the SAB is the buckling of the contact point between the eccentric compression side of the SAB end and the ECAP. Under adhesive contact conditions, the failure mode of the SAB is the buckling at the interface between the eccentric compression side of the SAB and the epoxy resin glue. After pouring of the epoxy resin glue, the displacement and maximum compressive stress of the SAB are smaller, and the compressive safety and stability of the SAB are better. The proposed SRS can be applied in stay-cable replacement.

, correspAuthors=Wei-bing XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Gang TIAN, Chao CHEN, Chuang JIA, Rui-peng ZHANG, Meng-jie XU, Qing-ze LI, Kai GUO, Wei-bing XU, Ke-ming PAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1245407871387677029, articleId=1245407860948054791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于服役锚垫板和外置钢锚筒的斜拉索更换系统静力承压试验, columnId=1156262730664366426, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·交通运输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为实现超设计使用年限或发生严重损伤的斜拉索安全高效更换,提出了一种利用既有斜拉索锚垫板为反力系统的外置钢锚筒换索系统,设计制作了典型主梁节段缩尺模型及临时索系统全尺模型,开展了外置钢锚筒-锚垫板干接触、胶接条件下的单向轴压和偏心受压静力试验。结果表明,干接触条件下钢锚筒失效模式为偏心受压侧顶端与锚垫板接触处屈曲,灌注环氧树脂胶接触条件下其失效模式为偏心受压侧环氧树脂胶界面处屈曲。相同荷载工况下灌注胶后的钢锚筒位移及最大压应力较小,钢锚筒的受压安全性和稳定性较好。该型辅助构件可用于斜拉桥换索施工中。

, correspAuthors=许维炳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 许维炳(1986—),男,汉族,安徽合肥人,博士,副教授。研究方向:桥梁结构抗震减震。E-mail:
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田纲(1977—),男,汉族,陕西丹凤人,高级工程师。研究方向:公路桥隧建造与运维关键技术。E-mail:

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田纲(1977—),男,汉族,陕西丹凤人,高级工程师。研究方向:公路桥隧建造与运维关键技术。E-mail:

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田纲(1977—),男,汉族,陕西丹凤人,高级工程师。研究方向:公路桥隧建造与运维关键技术。E-mail:

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Performance parameters of pressure testing machine

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最大
轴力/t
最大
剪力/t
最大行
程/
mm
加载频
率/Hz
试件最大
高度/m
试件最大
水平尺寸/
m
4 000 400 ±600 0.01~1 8 1.2
), ArticleFig(id=1245407881747607789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407860948054791, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

压力试验机的性能参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
最大
轴力/t
最大
剪力/t
最大行
程/
mm
加载频
率/Hz
试件最大
高度/m
试件最大
水平尺寸/
m
4 000 400 ±600 0.01~1 8 1.2
), ArticleFig(id=1245407881839882483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407860948054791, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Test condition

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工况 接触条件 竖向荷载/kN 水平荷载/kN
1 干接触 1 000 0
2 干接触 2 000 0
3 干接触 3 000 0
4 干接触 3 000 100
5 干接触 3 000 200
6 灌注胶 1 000 0
7 灌注胶 2 000 0
8 灌注胶 3 000 0
9 灌注胶 3 000 100
10 灌注胶 3 000 200
11 灌注胶 3 000 300
12 灌注胶 4 000 0
13 灌注胶 4 000 100
14 灌注胶 4 000 200
15 灌注胶 4 000 300
16 灌注胶 5 000 0
17 灌注胶 5 000 100
18 灌注胶 5 000 200
19 灌注胶 5 000 300
20 灌注胶(第二次加载) 1 000 0
21 灌注胶(第二次加载) 2 000 0
22 灌注胶(第二次加载) 3 000 0
23 灌注胶(第二次加载) 4 000 0
24 灌注胶(第二次加载) 5 000 0
25 灌注胶(第二次加载) 6 000 0
26 灌注胶(第二次加载) 5 000 100
27 灌注胶(第二次加载) 5 000 200
28 灌注胶(第二次加载) 5 000 300
29 灌注胶(第二次加载) 5 000 400
30 灌注胶(第二次加载) 5 000 500
), ArticleFig(id=1245407881965711608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407860948054791, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

试验工况表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 接触条件 竖向荷载/kN 水平荷载/kN
1 干接触 1 000 0
2 干接触 2 000 0
3 干接触 3 000 0
4 干接触 3 000 100
5 干接触 3 000 200
6 灌注胶 1 000 0
7 灌注胶 2 000 0
8 灌注胶 3 000 0
9 灌注胶 3 000 100
10 灌注胶 3 000 200
11 灌注胶 3 000 300
12 灌注胶 4 000 0
13 灌注胶 4 000 100
14 灌注胶 4 000 200
15 灌注胶 4 000 300
16 灌注胶 5 000 0
17 灌注胶 5 000 100
18 灌注胶 5 000 200
19 灌注胶 5 000 300
20 灌注胶(第二次加载) 1 000 0
21 灌注胶(第二次加载) 2 000 0
22 灌注胶(第二次加载) 3 000 0
23 灌注胶(第二次加载) 4 000 0
24 灌注胶(第二次加载) 5 000 0
25 灌注胶(第二次加载) 6 000 0
26 灌注胶(第二次加载) 5 000 100
27 灌注胶(第二次加载) 5 000 200
28 灌注胶(第二次加载) 5 000 300
29 灌注胶(第二次加载) 5 000 400
30 灌注胶(第二次加载) 5 000 500
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基于服役锚垫板和外置钢锚筒的斜拉索更换系统静力承压试验
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田纲 1 , 陈超 1 , 贾闯 1 , 张瑞朋 1 , 许梦杰 1 , 李庆择 2 , 郭凯 3 , 许维炳 3, * , 潘可明 4
科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025,25(7): 2983-2996
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025, 25(7): 2983-2996
基于服役锚垫板和外置钢锚筒的斜拉索更换系统静力承压试验
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田纲1 , 陈超1, 贾闯1, 张瑞朋1, 许梦杰1, 李庆择2, 郭凯3, 许维炳3, * , 潘可明4
作者信息
  • 1 中铁一局集团第二工程有限公司, 唐山 101100
  • 2 中交公路规划设计院有限公司桥隧监测养护分公司, 北京 100010
  • 3 北京工业大学城市建设学部, 北京 100124
  • 4 北京市市政工程设计研究总院有限公司, 北京 100089
  • 田纲(1977—),男,汉族,陕西丹凤人,高级工程师。研究方向:公路桥隧建造与运维关键技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 许维炳(1986—),男,汉族,安徽合肥人,博士,副教授。研究方向:桥梁结构抗震减震。E-mail:
Compression Static Test of a Cable-stayed Replacement System Based on In-service Archor Plate and External Steel Anchor Barrel
Gang TIAN1 , Chao CHEN1, Chuang JIA1, Rui-peng ZHANG1, Meng-jie XU1, Qing-ze LI2, Kai GUO3, Wei-bing XU3, * , Ke-ming PAN4
Affiliations
  • 1 China Railway First Group Second Engineering Co.Ltd, Tangshan 101100, China
  • 2 Bridge and Tunnel Monitoring and Maintenance Branch of CCC Highway Consultants Co. Ltd, Beijing 100010, China
  • 3 Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
  • 4 Beijing General Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd, Beijing 100089, China
出版时间: 2025-03-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2310210
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为实现超设计使用年限或发生严重损伤的斜拉索安全高效更换,提出了一种利用既有斜拉索锚垫板为反力系统的外置钢锚筒换索系统,设计制作了典型主梁节段缩尺模型及临时索系统全尺模型,开展了外置钢锚筒-锚垫板干接触、胶接条件下的单向轴压和偏心受压静力试验。结果表明,干接触条件下钢锚筒失效模式为偏心受压侧顶端与锚垫板接触处屈曲,灌注环氧树脂胶接触条件下其失效模式为偏心受压侧环氧树脂胶界面处屈曲。相同荷载工况下灌注胶后的钢锚筒位移及最大压应力较小,钢锚筒的受压安全性和稳定性较好。该型辅助构件可用于斜拉桥换索施工中。

斜拉桥换索  /  临时钢锚筒  /  轴压试验  /  偏压试验  /  接触条件  /  稳定性

To achieve safe and efficient replacement of stay cables that exceeded their designed service life or suffer serious damage, a stay-cable replacement system (SRS) was proposed which used the existing cable-stayed anchor plate (ECAP) as a reaction force system. The scaled model of the typical main girder segment and the full-scale model of the SRS were designed and produced. The axial compression and eccentric compression static tests were carried out under the conditions of dry contact and adhesive contact between the steel anchor barrel (SAB) of SRS and the ECAP. The results show that, under dry contact conditions, the failure mode of the SAB is the buckling of the contact point between the eccentric compression side of the SAB end and the ECAP. Under adhesive contact conditions, the failure mode of the SAB is the buckling at the interface between the eccentric compression side of the SAB and the epoxy resin glue. After pouring of the epoxy resin glue, the displacement and maximum compressive stress of the SAB are smaller, and the compressive safety and stability of the SAB are better. The proposed SRS can be applied in stay-cable replacement.

stay-cable replacement  /  auxiliary steel anchor barrel  /  axial compression static test  /  eccentric compression test  /  contact condition  /  stability
田纲, 陈超, 贾闯, 张瑞朋, 许梦杰, 李庆择, 郭凯, 许维炳, 潘可明. 基于服役锚垫板和外置钢锚筒的斜拉索更换系统静力承压试验. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (7) : 2983 -2996 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2310210
Gang TIAN, Chao CHEN, Chuang JIA, Rui-peng ZHANG, Meng-jie XU, Qing-ze LI, Kai GUO, Wei-bing XU, Ke-ming PAN. Compression Static Test of a Cable-stayed Replacement System Based on In-service Archor Plate and External Steel Anchor Barrel[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (7) : 2983 -2996 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2310210
斜拉索使用环境恶劣,很容易发生、断丝、锈蚀等病害[1-4]。而斜拉索强度和刚度的退化是斜拉桥使用性能下降的重要诱因[5-6]。鉴于此,许多学者针对斜拉索的性能变化开展了系列研究。王春生等[7]开展了三种不同损伤程度的斜拉索钢丝和相近抗拉强度的新钢丝疲劳试验,指出既有腐蚀和疲劳损伤会显著降低服役斜拉索钢丝剩余疲劳强度与剩余疲劳寿命。Ni等[8]通过静态拉伸试验指出钢丝的腐蚀速率和概率随预应力水平的增加而增加。Nakamura等[9]指出锌镀钢丝发生腐蚀后,其延伸率急剧下降,疲劳强度显著降低。Khawaja等[10]探究了超载、索损、腐蚀等参数对斜拉索疲劳性能和极限状态下安全系数的影响。结果表明,斜拉索腐蚀等损伤越大斜拉桥的安全冗余度越低。此外,李文涛[11]等还开展了桥梁成桥状态参数敏感性分析,指出斜拉索弹模、初拉力等对桥梁成桥状态影响均十分显著。既有研究成果表明斜拉索在运营期间的腐蚀、疲劳等劣化过程对其力学性能影响显著,严重威胁斜拉桥的安全使用。
为保持斜拉索的使用状态,需考虑适时地对斜拉索进行更换[12-13]。针对斜拉索的更换方法,学界与工程界已有较多的研究和实践。刘海宽等[14]以某独塔斜拉桥为例,通过有限元计算模拟了换索施工过程,并对新索索力进行了优化。Zhang等[15]将最佳可靠性视为目标可靠性指标,用以指导斜拉索的换索施工。Fu等[16]分析了边跨逐根、中跨逐根、同索面对称换4根索、不同索面反对称换4根索和不同索面对称换8根索等五种换索方案对苏通长江大桥斜拉索索力和主梁应变的影响。Li[17]验证了施工监测和换缆后拉索张力调整等技术在基于临时索换索中的应用有效性。既有研究现状表明,斜拉桥换索是提升桥梁使用性能的重要措施,设置临时索的斜拉桥换索工艺对桥梁的受力、变形影响最小,该型换索方案前景广阔。而目前的换索工艺多针对特定桥梁设计,缺少具有普遍适用性和可推广价值的斜拉桥换索工艺。
鉴于此,现提出一种利用既有斜拉索锚垫板为反力系统的外置钢锚筒换索系统,设计制作了典型主梁节段模型及临时索系统全尺模型,开展了外置钢锚筒-锚垫板干接触、胶接条件下的单向轴压和偏心受压静力试验,明晰了两种接触条件下该型临时索系统的受力模式。相关成果可为同类型斜拉桥换索所借鉴,并可为其他新型换索工艺研发提供参考。
斜拉索与主梁的锚固连接通常需要设置锚垫板。考虑到对于设置于主梁内部的斜拉索换索时需对主梁进行开槽,而既有的斜拉索主梁锚固连接锚垫板构造足以承受斜拉索的索力。鉴于此,提出一种利用斜拉索既有锚垫板为反力装置,基于外置钢锚筒的斜拉桥换索方案,如图1所示。
(1)从梁底垂直于锚垫板平面开槽,用于旧索退出和外置钢锚筒插入。
(2)设计具有临时索锚固和旧索退出功能的外置钢锚筒(可按照等强设计,钢锚筒两侧预留临时索锚孔,钢锚筒预留旧索退出孔),并将外置钢锚筒插入梁底开槽。
(3)利用主梁内原有的锚垫板作为外置钢锚筒的临时反力系统,并通过外置钢锚筒两侧锚孔设置临时索,临时索另一端通过临时钢构件锚固于主塔上。
(4)张拉临时索,并同步释放旧索索力,并通过中空外置钢锚筒进行原索退索和新索挂设;新索设置后,张拉新索并同步释放临时索索力,直至完成斜拉索的更换。
(5)拆除外置钢锚筒并重复(1)~(4)进行下一拉索更换。
外置钢锚筒主要包括钢锚筒与临时钢锚箱,钢锚筒为一体成型钢构件,临时钢锚箱为按等强设计的焊接钢构件,二者通过螺栓连接。临时拉索锚固于后部箱体两侧的翼板上,故钢锚筒后持力锚箱为悬臂梁受力模式,为使锚箱在集中力作用下不失稳破坏,内设多道加劲板,(图1)。
本文中提出的基于外置钢锚筒的斜拉桥换索装置临时索与永久索偏角较小,临时钢锚筒为小偏压构件,省去了在主梁底部设置大量后锚固剪力件以克服临时拉索水平分力的构造,减少对混凝土主梁的损伤。临时钢锚筒与主梁开设孔槽之间可依据受力需要灌注或不灌注胶结材料。而临时钢锚筒与后置钢锚箱之间采用高强螺栓连接,临时钢锚筒可根据其使用状态进行拆卸和更换,如临时钢锚筒发生局部屈曲或临时钢锚筒与主梁开设孔槽之间设置胶结材料无法拔出时,均可更换临时钢锚筒。
综上,临时钢锚筒与既有锚垫板、主梁开设孔槽之间的接触关系则是该系统能否有效传力、是否稳定可靠的关键影响因素,这也是本文研究的重点。
以某混凝土主梁斜拉桥为原型,梁段试验平台主要由梁段主体、预埋钢锚筒(模拟既有索锚筒)、预埋锚垫板(模拟既有索锚垫板)组成(图2)。梁段试验平台下底面尺寸为3 m × 1.3 m,上底面尺寸为3 m × 1 m,高度为2.6 m,主梁边肋侧面倾角为7°。梁端配筋及构造均与实际梁体的配筋和构造相同,梁段主体纵筋采用直径为16 mm的HRB400型热轧钢筋,配筋率为0.52%;主体架立筋、横向箍筋、竖向箍筋均采用直径为16 mm的HRB400型热轧钢筋,箍筋间距20 cm,体积配箍率为0.75%。梁段混凝土强度等级也与原桥相同强度等级相同,为C40混凝土。考虑到试验加载可用空间,加载时将模型梁端倒置。此外,在临时锚索反力装置设计时需考虑临时索线形、合力作用点,以及外置钢锚筒局部变形、边界等因素的影响,试验中将索拉力转换为同等荷载的竖向压力来模拟临时索的索力,并通过水平荷载来考虑临时索轴线与钢锚筒轴线间倾角造成的水平分力(偏心受力状态),以此来模拟换索过程中临时索对外置钢锚筒的作用力。预埋锚垫板的尺寸和材料均与实际桥梁中锚垫板的尺寸和材料相同,均采用Q345钢材。
需要指出的是由于其他试验的需求梁端边缘设置了一个2 m长的悬臂,并通过在悬臂与梁端之间设置2 cm的错台来避免悬臂段在本文试验过程中参与受力。为有效模拟实际主梁孔槽参数,制作梁段试验平台时对其底部进行预开槽,露出预埋锚垫板平面。鉴于实际斜拉索轴线与主梁水平线存在夹角,而开槽孔与斜拉索轴线应一致,因此主梁下部预开槽口沿主梁纵向一侧在距离锚垫板56 cm处与竖直方向成5°夹角倾斜外扩,另一侧保持竖直不变(深168 cm),使之与实际施工中临时钢锚筒倾斜插入时约束条件相同,以求获得原型桥梁换索时的实际状态,钢锚筒与主梁两侧的接触面大小不同(图1)。
试验通过竖向作动器模拟临时索索力,对换索辅助构件中的临时钢锚箱进行了简化,舍去了临时钢锚箱的临时拉索锚固翼板部分。临时钢锚筒长2 m,外径为520 mm,内径为460 mm,壁厚30 mm,无量纲径厚比为3/52。临时钢锚筒与临时钢锚箱通过8根M60螺栓连接,采用8.8级普通螺栓(抗剪强度达到320 MPa,满足抗剪设计需求)。临时钢锚箱体所占空间为1.3 m × 1 m × 1.9 m,如图3(a)所示。临时钢锚筒与临时钢锚箱体按照设计图纸1∶1进行制作,二者均采用Q345c。试验过程中先将临时钢锚筒前部吊起插入试验平台底部槽孔,中间放入橡胶垫,再将箱体吊起放置其上;通过扭矩扳手将8根M60的连接螺栓拧紧,拧紧力矩为1 100 N·m;加载时将梁段试验平台模型倒置,放置在试验机上。临时钢锚筒、临时钢锚箱及梁段拼装完成后如图3(b)所示。
考虑到拉索更换时索力可视为静力,不考虑钢锚筒的动态稳定性问题,本文中采取的试验方法为静力压剪试验(轴力和水平分力共同作用)。表1给出了压力试验机的主要性能参数。试件顶部球铰作动器和底部水平作动器分别为试件提供竖向荷载(临时索索力)和水平荷载(临时索轴线与钢锚筒轴线间倾角造成的水平分力),如图4所示。
采用力控制加载,先进行预加载,以验证各测点的工作状态,并消除试件的非受力变形。正式加载时,加载顺序为先施加竖向力再施加水平力,若要继续增大竖向力则需先卸载水平力。鉴于本文的换索工艺可以依据不同的索力需求选择不同的钢锚筒与锚垫板接触方式,试验共设计了两种接触条件:①临时钢锚筒与预埋锚垫板干接触;②临时钢锚筒与梁段试验平台槽孔灌注环氧树脂胶-胶接触。具体试验工况见表2
需要指出的是干接触时临时钢锚筒插入端与预埋锚垫板间的接触允许一定的转动、滑移,因此其控制荷载更小(竖向力3 000 kN+水平力200 kN);而在填充环氧树脂胶后(图5),接触端的转动与滑移受到限制,插入端可以看成固定端。灌注后,测量灌注胶表面距锚垫板约为0.6 m,此后逐步加载到设计荷载(竖向力6 000 kN、竖向力5 000 kN+水平力500 kN)。
钢锚筒上应变片均采用BX120-3AA。具体布置方案如图6所示,前部钢锚筒按到底端的距离选择四个横截面,钢锚筒与锚垫板接触端、北侧偏心受压一面应力可能达到屈服强度,因此除了径向应变片(GJ)以外还布置环向应变片(GH)。为从宏观上描述临时钢锚箱变形和屈曲,在临时钢锚筒根部向下20 cm处,南侧、北侧各布置一个位移传感器(W1、W2)。
干接触条件重点关注临时钢锚筒的受力模式,以及临时钢锚筒顶端与预埋锚垫板接触是否滑移。干接触条件下所有荷载工况加载完成后梁段整体情况见图7。由图7可知,梁段试验平台下部长度方向两侧出现多条竖向裂缝,主要由于浇筑顶面不平导致的局部受力不均造成,裂缝宽度均在0.1 mm以内,梁段并未出现明显损伤。试验中临时钢锚筒没有明显宏观变形,仅能在试验录像中观察到施加水平力后(200 kN)其角度发生了微小的偏转,临时钢锚筒未见明显损伤。
胶接条件下所有荷载工况加载完成后梁段整体情况见图8。由图8可知,钢筋混凝土梁段试验平台中部出现斜向裂缝且竖向裂缝也有所扩展。分析原因斜向裂缝的产生主要是在环氧树脂胶的黏结下临时钢锚筒与混凝土段共同承受水平剪力作用,水平剪力与竖向力的共同作用造成梁体斜向开裂。斜裂缝宽度均在0.1 mm以下,竖向裂缝宽度均在0.2 mm以下,梁段并未出现明显损伤。施加水平力后(500 kN)临时钢锚筒的角度发生了微小的偏转,临时钢锚筒未出现明显变形,钢锚筒并未出现明显损伤。水平力加载后(500 kN)临时钢锚筒与梁段试验平台梁底槽口交界处位置变化不明显。
当竖向力3 000 kN+水平力150 kN时,试件出现了噼哩声,卸载时亦发出了噼哩声。分析是由于胶结剂的局部破裂造成的。第二次加载竖向力从5 000 kN加载至6 000 kN过程中一直有噼哩声,在竖向力到达6 000 kN并持荷一分钟后噼哩声仍不停止,卸载至5 700 kN,噼哩声停止。分析原因:当竖向力达到6 000 kN时由于临时钢锚筒的竖向变形较大,钢套筒侧面胶体和混凝土槽面均承受较大的竖向力,因此胶结剂的局部破裂现象较多,噼哩声持续时间较长。当竖向力为5 000 kN,水平力为200 kN时梁体中部出现斜向裂缝,水平力为500 kN时斜向裂缝扩展较快。
为了便于叙述,定义Fv代表竖向力荷载,Fh代表水平力荷载,荷载值均取正值,单位是kN。拉线位移计,向外拉为负值,回缩为正值。图9给出了干接触条件下拉线位移计测点W1与W2的荷载-位移曲线。
图9可知,干接触条件下,①W1为负值、W2为正值,临时钢锚筒根部向北面偏移,与试验现场相符;②W1与W2的位移值具有一定的对称性,两者绝对值差值应为临时钢锚筒变形值与刚体位移差值的和值;③当荷载较小时(3 000 kN + 200 kN),两侧位移与荷载关系基本呈线性,说明试件处于弹性状态。
(1)北面。图10所示为临时钢锚筒上北面径向荷载-应力曲线。由图10(a)图10(b)可知,临时钢锚筒上该侧径向应力为压应力,随着竖向力的加载压应力的绝对值在不断增大,而且随着水平力的加载压应力的绝对值也在不断增大。临时钢锚筒上北面各测点的径向应力随荷载变化趋势近似一条倾斜的直线,线性度较好,说明材料仍处于弹性阶段。由图10(c)图10(d)可知,临时钢锚筒靠近接触面的应力较大(至锚垫板距离小),而远离接触面的应力较小,临时钢锚筒上该侧受力状态类似于一端固定一端自由的悬臂梁模型。水平荷载和竖向荷载共同作用下钢锚筒的受力更大,水平荷载对钢锚筒的受力影响显著,当水平荷载为200 kN、竖向荷载为3 000 kN时钢锚筒的应力最大测点应力达到了230 MPa,约为竖向荷载为3 000 kN时钢锚筒的应力最大测点应力的2.3倍。图11给出了临时钢锚筒上北面环向荷载-应力曲线。
图11(a)图11(b)可知,临时钢锚筒上该侧的环向应力为拉应力,随着竖向力的加载拉应力的绝对值在不断增大,而且随着水平力的加载拉应力的绝对值也在不断增大。临时钢锚筒上北面各测点的环向应力与竖向力、水平力荷载均有较好的线性关系,证明材料仍处于弹性阶段。由图11(c)图11(d)可知,临时钢锚筒上该侧与锚垫板接触一端有一个环向应变较大的区间,判断是局部压应力较大导致钢锚筒有沿环向外鼓的趋势,产生较大的拉应力。
(2)南面。图12给出了临时钢锚筒上南面径向荷载-应力曲线。由图12(a)图12(b)可知,临时钢锚筒上该侧径向应力随着竖向力的加载压应力的绝对值在不断增大,但随着水平力的加载压应力的绝对值在不断减小,甚至转变为拉应力。临时钢锚筒上南面的各测点的径向应力分别随竖向力、水平力荷载变化趋势均近似直线,材料仍处于弹性阶段。当水平荷载为200 kN、竖向荷载为3 000 kN时钢锚筒上GJ-11测点应力达到了59 MPa,对比竖向荷载为3 000 kN时,GJ-11测点应力变化了95.3 MPa。
图12(c)图12(d)可知,临时钢锚筒上该侧仍是与锚垫板的接触端压应力更大,但应力在空间上的分布不再是一条直线,测点GJ-11至GJ-15区间钢锚筒上应力向压应力增大的趋势变化,加载水平力后钢锚筒中部南面出现了拉应力。
图13所示为灌注环氧树脂胶条件下拉线位移计测点W1与W2的荷载-位移曲线。由图13可知,胶接条件下:①W1为负值、W2为正值,临时钢锚筒根部向北面偏移,与试验现场相符;②当荷载较大时(> 3 000 kN + 300 kN),两侧的位移与荷载关系的非线性增强,这主要是由于胶体的非线性损伤造成的(即胶体对临时钢锚筒的约束呈现出非线性);③同等荷载条件下钢锚筒上缘的位移值明显小于干接触时的位移值。灌注环氧树脂胶后临时钢锚筒的受力更小,其安全性更高。
(1)北面。图14所示为灌注环氧树脂胶条件下临时钢锚筒上北面径向应力曲线。由图14(a)图14(b)可知,临时钢锚筒上该侧径向应力为压应力,随着竖向荷载的增大压应力的绝对值不断增大,在竖向力加载阶段各测点应力均大致呈线性增长。同一荷载工况下GJ-5处的压应变最大,此处为环氧树脂胶界面处,由于被环氧树脂胶包裹固定,钢锚筒深入其中的部分越靠近锚垫板压应变越小。由图14(c)图14(d)可知,随着水平荷载的增大压应力的绝对值也在不断增大。临时钢锚筒靠近环氧树脂胶界面处的应变较大,远离界面则应变减小。水平荷载和竖向荷载共同作用下钢锚筒的受力更大,但与干接触条件相比,水平荷载对钢锚筒的受力影响变小,当水平荷载为200 kN、竖向荷载为3 000 kN时钢锚筒的最大测点应力达到了244.6 MPa,仅约为竖向荷载为3 000 kN时钢锚筒的最大测点应力的1.3倍。
图14(e)图14(f)可知,临时钢锚筒空间上受力模式与前两次施加水平荷载相同,水平荷载和竖向荷载共同作用下钢锚筒的受力更大。当水平荷载为200 kN、竖向荷载为5 000 kN时钢锚筒的最大测点应力达到了294.7 MPa,约为竖向荷载为3 000 kN时钢锚筒的最大测点应力的1.04倍,可见竖向荷载越大水平荷载对钢锚筒上应力增幅的影响越小。
图14(g)图14(h)可知,第二次竖向荷载加载阶段各测点都有较好的线性关系,随着荷载的增加,钢锚筒上该侧径向的压应变逐渐增大。临时钢锚筒空间上受力模式与第一次施加竖向荷载相同,但相同荷载工况下各测点的应力绝对值要小于第一次加载,推测是因为第一次施加水平荷载后环氧树脂胶界面处损伤,造成界面实际位置下移。竖向力6 000 kN时GJ-5的应力约为-249 MPa。
图14(i)图14(j)可知,临时钢锚筒空间上受力模式仍为环氧树脂胶界面处应力最大,水平荷载和竖向荷载共同作用下钢锚筒的受力大于竖向荷载单独作用。与第一次竖向荷载5 000 kN时施加水平荷载相比,钢锚筒上应力绝对值更小。除GJ-5外其他各测点仍有较好的线性度。竖向力5 000 kN+水平力500 kN时GJ-5测点应力约为-361 MPa,已达到屈服强度。
(2)南面。图15所示灌注环氧树脂胶条件下临时钢锚筒上南面的径向应力曲线。由图15(a)图15(b)可知,临时钢锚筒两端测点为压应力,中间两测点为拉应力,各测点应变在竖向力3 000~4 000 kN时发生趋势性变化,是过程中施加水平荷载影响导致。同一荷载工况下GJ-7处的拉应力最大,此处为环氧树脂胶界面处。
图15(c)图15(d)可知,施加水平荷载后,各测点压应力减小拉应力增大,临时钢锚筒靠近环氧树脂胶界面处的应力较大。与干接触条件相比,水平荷载对钢锚筒的受力影响变小,当水平荷载为200 kN、竖向荷载为3 000 kN时钢锚筒上GJ-7测点应力达到了92.2 MPa,对比竖向荷载为3 000 kN时GJ-7测点应力变化了70 MPa。
图15(e)图15(f)可知,临时钢锚筒空间上受力模式与前两次施加水平荷载相同,水平荷载和竖向荷载共同作用下钢锚筒的拉应力更大。当水平荷载为200 kN、竖向荷载为5 000 kN时钢锚筒上GJ-7测点应力达到了121.1 MPa,对比竖向荷载为5 000 kN时GJ-7测点应力变化了19.9 MPa,可见竖向荷载越大水平荷载对钢锚筒上应力增幅的影响越小。
图15(g)图15(h)可知,第二次竖向力加载阶段测点GJ-7、GJ-11、GJ-15应变线性度较好。GJ-3浸没在胶内部,受环氧树脂胶的影响较大。最大应变为竖向力6 000 kN时GJ-15测得点应力约为-95 MPa。随着荷载的增加,钢锚筒上该侧径向的压应力逐渐增大,临时钢锚筒空间上受力模式与第一次施加竖向荷载不同,推测原因是第一次加载前钢锚筒在水平荷载方向上存在一个倾角,造成竖向荷载加载阶段该侧就出现了拉应力。
图15(i)图15(j)可知,临时钢锚筒空间上受力模式仍为环氧树脂胶界面处拉应力最大,水平荷载和竖向荷载共同作用下钢锚筒上应力向拉应力增大方向变化。与第一次竖向荷载5 000 kN时施加水平荷载相比,相同荷载作用下钢锚筒上应力绝对值更小。竖向力5 000 kN+水平力500 kN时GJ-7测点应力约为166.8 MPa。
综上可知,竖向力达到设计荷载(6 000 kN)时临时钢锚筒仍处于良好的工作状态,并未出现局部屈服或屈曲现象;而竖向力和水平力共同作用对临时钢锚筒的受力安全性影响显著,当水平荷载为竖向荷载的10%时临时钢锚筒局部达到了屈服极限。实际应用该系统时要考虑临时索水平分力的影响。
(1)干接触条件下,临时钢锚筒在压力与剪力荷载共同作用下的失效模式为钢锚筒偏心受压侧顶端与锚垫板接触处屈曲。钢锚筒偏心受压侧径向压应力靠近锚垫板大、远离锚垫板小,环向拉应力在距锚垫板1/4钢锚筒长度处最小,偏心受拉侧拉应力在钢锚筒中部达到峰值。水平荷载对钢锚筒的受力影响显著,加载水平力后坡口对侧应力明显增大,该侧径向应力曲线类似于一端固定一端自由的悬臂梁受力模型。
(2)灌注环氧树脂胶接触条件下,临时钢锚筒在压力与剪力荷载共同作用下的失效模式为钢锚筒偏心受压侧环氧树脂胶界面处屈曲。钢锚筒偏心受压侧与偏心受拉侧径向应力均在环氧树脂胶界面处达到峰值,并向两端方向减小。胶体对临时钢锚筒的约束随着胶体的破坏呈现出非线性。灌注环氧树脂胶后钢锚筒根部位移以及其上最大压应力显著降低,钢锚筒顶端压应力明显减小,最大应力面由干接触时的钢锚筒顶端移至环氧树脂胶界面处,水平荷载对钢锚筒的受力影响变小,钢锚筒的受压安全性和稳定性均大幅提高。该型辅助构件可用于斜拉桥换索施工中。
  • 国家自然科学基金(2108428)
  • 国家自然科学基金(52178446)
  • 北京市自然科学基金(8232001)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2310210
  • 接收时间:2023-12-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
  • 出版时间:2025-03-08
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-27
  • 修回日期:2024-05-02
基金
国家自然科学基金(2108428)
国家自然科学基金(52178446)
北京市自然科学基金(8232001)
作者信息
    1 中铁一局集团第二工程有限公司, 唐山 101100
    2 中交公路规划设计院有限公司桥隧监测养护分公司, 北京 100010
    3 北京工业大学城市建设学部, 北京 100124
    4 北京市市政工程设计研究总院有限公司, 北京 100089

通讯作者:

* 许维炳(1986—),男,汉族,安徽合肥人,博士,副教授。研究方向:桥梁结构抗震减震。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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