Article(id=1245407859656212817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156262727438951343, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402514, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1712505600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-08, revisedDate=1721923200000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774857972300, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=1741363200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774857972300, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774857972300, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774857972300, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156262727438951343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='7', pageStart='2193', pageEnd='3077', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753604116544, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753771263994, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156963794699248405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156262727438951343, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156963794699248406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156262727438951343, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2776, endPage=2783, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245407860201472353, articleId=1245407859656212817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Pore Structure Characteristics, Genesis and Influence on Reserve Utilization of Benxi-He 8 Formation in Zizhou Gas Field, columnId=1156262729003422020, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Zizhou gas field is a multi-layer superposed tight sandstone gas field. The reservoir covers strata from Benxi Formation of Carboniferous system to He8 Formation of lower Shihezi Formation of Permian system. At present, the pore structure of the reservoir and its influence on the reserve utilization are not well understood. It seriously restricts the gas field interlayer digging process. The pore structure of tight sandstone reservoirs in Benxi Formation-He8 Member was comprehensively investigated through the utilization of cast thin sections, reservoir physical property, production data, as well as statistical and correlation analysis methods. The suggestions for further interlayer potential exploitation were also given. Draw four conclusions. The reservoir has a typical 1+1 type pore structure. Among them, the lower formations (Benxi Formation, Taiyuan Formation, Shan2 member) have developed primary intergranular pores, with large primary pore proportion, face rate and pore size, and good pore structure, which is the dominant pore structure of primary pores. In the upper formations (Shan1 member and He8 member), the intragranular dissolve pore- intercrystalline pore- microfissure are developed, the primary pore ratio, face ratio and pore size are smaller, and the pore structure is poor, which is the dominant pore structure of the secondary pores. The difference of rock composition, especially the content of quartz and cuttings, is the main reason for the formation of 1+1 pore structure. Among them, the lower formations are dominated by quartz sandstone with high quartz content and low cuttings content, which is conducive to the preservation of primary pores. The upper formations are dominated by lithic sandstone with high lithic content and low quartz content, which are not conducive to the preservation of primary pores but to the formation of secondary pores. The pore structure of 1+1 type has a significant effect on the exploitation of reserves. Among them, the lower formations have good pore structure, relatively high permeability (0.52 mD), large discharge area (0.70 km2), and high reserve utilization degree (67.9%). The upper formations have poor pore structure, relatively low permeability (0.33mD), small discharge area (0.34 km2), and low reserve utilization degree (26.9%). The analysis shows that the reserves of the upper formations have not been effectively utilized under the current well pattern conditions. In order to reduce the waste of reserves in the upper formation, realize the balanced exploitation of gas fields and improve the overall reserve utilization degree of Zizhou gas field, it is recommended to exploit the upper formations separately with a small well spacing.

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代金友(1975—)男,汉族,黑龙江海伦人,博士,副教授。研究方向:天然气藏地质与开发。E-mail:

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代金友(1975—)男,汉族,黑龙江海伦人,博士,副教授。研究方向:天然气藏地质与开发。E-mail:

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代金友(1975—)男,汉族,黑龙江海伦人,博士,副教授。研究方向:天然气藏地质与开发。E-mail:

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A new technique of reserve estimation in water-production tight gas wells[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2022, 22(16): 6482-6487., articleTitle=A new technique of reserve estimation in water-production tight gas wells, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1245407868757852247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, awardId=2016ZX05047-005, language=CN, fundingSource=国家科技重大专项-油气重大专项(2016ZX05047-005), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1245407868841738334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, awardId=2017ZX05035004, language=CN, fundingSource=国家科技重大专项(2017ZX05035004), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1245407862856466956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245407862864855565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, companyId=1245407862856466956, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245407862873244174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, companyId=1245407862856466956, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国石油大学(北京)石油工程学院, 北京 102249)]), AuthorCompany(id=1245407862990684698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245407863024239133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, companyId=1245407862990684698, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 The Second Gas Production Plant of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Yulin 719000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245407863036822047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, companyId=1245407862990684698, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国石油长庆油田分公司第二采气厂, 榆林 719000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1245407866560037735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Reservoir pore type chart (cast sheet), figureFileSmall=GO7e+rObMAMH/Ii4ADm/5A==, figureFileBig=QUgWMXftKtYSvMkwevKv5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407866660701043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, language=CN, label=图1, caption=储层孔隙类型图版(铸体薄片), figureFileSmall=GO7e+rObMAMH/Ii4ADm/5A==, figureFileBig=QUgWMXftKtYSvMkwevKv5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407867004634007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Column diagram of reservoir rock composition, figureFileSmall=bAtLpCGcjUVP+ZzJUFNVWg==, figureFileBig=Xq/aJJnzWFvbJDf9uulBrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407867101103010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, language=CN, label=图2, caption=储层岩石成分柱状图, figureFileSmall=bAtLpCGcjUVP+ZzJUFNVWg==, figureFileBig=Xq/aJJnzWFvbJDf9uulBrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407867210154923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The correlation between quartz content and primary pore ratio, face ratio and pore size, figureFileSmall=my/yETrLqqz8IZHr2s4wfQ==, figureFileBig=Vq6oLaWHTy1rGu1u8OsnoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407867327595449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, language=CN, label=图3, caption=石英含量与原生孔隙比例、面孔率、孔径相关关系, figureFileSmall=my/yETrLqqz8IZHr2s4wfQ==, figureFileBig=Vq6oLaWHTy1rGu1u8OsnoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407867428258758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Column diagram of reservoir core physical properties, figureFileSmall=wv6mt2bRAbLarCpog4ILgw==, figureFileBig=k1/GoHI+H3GIbUyL6DGzig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407867520533455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, language=CN, label=图4, caption=储层物性柱状图, figureFileSmall=wv6mt2bRAbLarCpog4ILgw==, figureFileBig=k1/GoHI+H3GIbUyL6DGzig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407867633779677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Column diagram of reservoir discharge radius and discharge area, figureFileSmall=xqNCY/XqSf2yqD2j0pJQAQ==, figureFileBig=fAARe++4jBtCIJe6p6FuEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407867784774636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, language=CN, label=图5, caption=储层泄流半径与泄流面积柱状图, figureFileSmall=xqNCY/XqSf2yqD2j0pJQAQ==, figureFileBig=fAARe++4jBtCIJe6p6FuEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245407867906409463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Statistical table of reservoir pore structure parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层组 层位 孔隙产状类型及比例/% 孔隙成因类型及比例/% 面孔率/
%
平均
孔径/μm
样品数/
粒间孔 粒内溶孔 晶间孔 微裂隙 原生孔隙 次生孔隙
上部
层组
盒8上 23.8 44.6 26.3 5.3 23.8 76.2 1.1 29.3 217
盒8下 19.7 41 31.5 7.7 19.7 80.3 1 17.7 183
山1 5.5 43 40.6 10.9 5.5 94.5 0.7 7.5 123
平均 16.3 42.9 32.8 8 16.3 83.7 0.9 18.2
合计 523
下部
层组
山2 79.3 13.4 6.6 0.7 79.3 20.7 3.6 102.4 666
太原组 76.8 6.2 15.6 1.4 76.8 23.2 2.7 66.6 70
本溪组 70.7 2.6 21.1 5.6 70.7 29.3 2 38.1 68
平均 75.6 7.4 14.4 2.6 75.6 24.4 2.8 69
合计 804
), ArticleFig(id=1245407868002877442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

储层孔隙结构参数统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层组 层位 孔隙产状类型及比例/% 孔隙成因类型及比例/% 面孔率/
%
平均
孔径/μm
样品数/
粒间孔 粒内溶孔 晶间孔 微裂隙 原生孔隙 次生孔隙
上部
层组
盒8上 23.8 44.6 26.3 5.3 23.8 76.2 1.1 29.3 217
盒8下 19.7 41 31.5 7.7 19.7 80.3 1 17.7 183
山1 5.5 43 40.6 10.9 5.5 94.5 0.7 7.5 123
平均 16.3 42.9 32.8 8 16.3 83.7 0.9 18.2
合计 523
下部
层组
山2 79.3 13.4 6.6 0.7 79.3 20.7 3.6 102.4 666
太原组 76.8 6.2 15.6 1.4 76.8 23.2 2.7 66.6 70
本溪组 70.7 2.6 21.1 5.6 70.7 29.3 2 38.1 68
平均 75.6 7.4 14.4 2.6 75.6 24.4 2.8 69
合计 804
), ArticleFig(id=1245407868103540752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Reservoir rock composition statistics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层组 层位 石英
含量/%
长石
含量/%
岩屑
含量/%
填隙物
含量/%
长石+填隙物
含量/%
成熟度指数
Q/(F+R)
岩石类型
上部层组 盒8上 58.1 0.4 25.4 16.0 16.4 2.3 岩屑
砂岩
盒8下 57.0 0.8 26.3 15.8 16.6 2.1
山1 55.1 0.9 27.9 16.1 17 1.9
平均 56.7 0.7 26.5 16.0 16.7 2.1
下部层组 山2 75.5 0.1 8.0 16.4 16.5 9.3 石英
砂岩
太原组 65.5 0.2 17.8 16.5 16.7 3.6
本溪组 63.1 0.3 20.5 16.1 16.4 3.0
平均 68.0 0.2 15.4 16.3 16.5 5.3
), ArticleFig(id=1245407868200009755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

储层岩石成分统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层组 层位 石英
含量/%
长石
含量/%
岩屑
含量/%
填隙物
含量/%
长石+填隙物
含量/%
成熟度指数
Q/(F+R)
岩石类型
上部层组 盒8上 58.1 0.4 25.4 16.0 16.4 2.3 岩屑
砂岩
盒8下 57.0 0.8 26.3 15.8 16.6 2.1
山1 55.1 0.9 27.9 16.1 17 1.9
平均 56.7 0.7 26.5 16.0 16.7 2.1
下部层组 山2 75.5 0.1 8.0 16.4 16.5 9.3 石英
砂岩
太原组 65.5 0.2 17.8 16.5 16.7 3.6
本溪组 63.1 0.3 20.5 16.1 16.4 3.0
平均 68.0 0.2 15.4 16.3 16.5 5.3
), ArticleFig(id=1245407868304867367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Statistical table of reservoir physical properties, discharge radius and discharge area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层组 层位 孔隙度/% 渗透率/mD 井数/口 泄流半径/m 泄流面积/km2
上部层组 盒8上 6.9 0.41 111 390.5 0.48
盒8下 6.8 0.31 106 326.1 0.33
山1 6.5 0.27 88 265.0 0.22
平均 6.7 0.33 327.2 0.34
合计 305
下部层组 山2 7.2 0.59 153 551.0 0.95
太原组 7.1 0.53 63 459.3 0.66
本溪组 6.6 0.45 95 406.2 0.52
平均 7.0 0.52 472.2 0.70
合计 311
), ArticleFig(id=1245407868384559150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

储层物性、泄流半径、泄流面积统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层组 层位 孔隙度/% 渗透率/mD 井数/口 泄流半径/m 泄流面积/km2
上部层组 盒8上 6.9 0.41 111 390.5 0.48
盒8下 6.8 0.31 106 326.1 0.33
山1 6.5 0.27 88 265.0 0.22
平均 6.7 0.33 327.2 0.34
合计 305
下部层组 山2 7.2 0.59 153 551.0 0.95
太原组 7.1 0.53 63 459.3 0.66
本溪组 6.6 0.45 95 406.2 0.52
平均 7.0 0.52 472.2 0.70
合计 311
), ArticleFig(id=1245407868522971195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Reserve utilization degree statistics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层组 层位 地质储量/
108m3
动用储量/
108m3
储量动用程度/
%
上部
层组
盒8上 552.1 143.1 25.9
盒8下 358.9 95.8 26.7
山1 159.3 49.4 31.0
平均 27.9
合计 1 070.3 288.3
下部
层组
山2 1 019.1 762.2 74.8
太原组 136.0 52.0 38.2
本溪组 101.4 38.6 38.1
平均 50.4
合计 1 256.4 852.8
), ArticleFig(id=1245407868611051589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859656212817, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

储量动用程度统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层组 层位 地质储量/
108m3
动用储量/
108m3
储量动用程度/
%
上部
层组
盒8上 552.1 143.1 25.9
盒8下 358.9 95.8 26.7
山1 159.3 49.4 31.0
平均 27.9
合计 1 070.3 288.3
下部
层组
山2 1 019.1 762.2 74.8
太原组 136.0 52.0 38.2
本溪组 101.4 38.6 38.1
平均 50.4
合计 1 256.4 852.8
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子洲气田本溪组-盒8段储层孔隙结构特征、成因及其对储量动用的影响
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代金友 1 , 巩肖可 2 , 陈代欣 1 , 蒋婷婷 2 , 雷小兰 2 , 赵世佳 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025,25(7): 2776-2783
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025, 25(7): 2776-2783
子洲气田本溪组-盒8段储层孔隙结构特征、成因及其对储量动用的影响
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代金友1 , 巩肖可2, 陈代欣1, 蒋婷婷2, 雷小兰2, 赵世佳1
作者信息
  • 1 中国石油大学(北京)石油工程学院, 北京 102249
  • 2 中国石油长庆油田分公司第二采气厂, 榆林 719000
  • 代金友(1975—)男,汉族,黑龙江海伦人,博士,副教授。研究方向:天然气藏地质与开发。E-mail:

Pore Structure Characteristics, Genesis and Influence on Reserve Utilization of Benxi-He 8 Formation in Zizhou Gas Field
Jin-you DAI1 , Xiao-ke GONG2, Dai-xin CHEN1, Ting-ting JIANG2, Xiao-lan LEI2, Shi-jia ZHAO1
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
  • 2 The Second Gas Production Plant of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Yulin 719000, China
出版时间: 2025-03-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402514
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子洲气田是一个多层叠合致密砂岩气田,储层涵盖了石炭系本溪组-二叠系下石盒子组盒8段。目前,该套储层孔隙结构及其对储量动用影响尚缺乏整体规律性认识,严重制约了气田层间挖潜进程。利用铸体薄片、储层物性和生产资料,采用统计和相关性分析法,对本溪组-盒8段储层孔隙结构特征、成因及其对储量动用影响进行系统研究,给出了气田后续层间挖潜建议。结果表明:①该套储层具有典型的1+1型孔隙结构。其中,下部层组(本溪组、太原组、山2段)原生粒间孔发育,原生孔隙比例、面孔率和孔径较大,孔隙结构好,为原生孔隙主导型孔隙结构;上部层组(山1段、盒8下、盒8上)次生粒内溶孔-晶间孔-微裂隙发育,原生孔隙比例、面孔率和孔径较较小,孔隙结构差,为次生孔隙主导型孔隙结构。②储层岩石成分,尤其是石英和岩屑含量差异是1+1型孔隙结构形成的主要原因。其中,下部层组以石英砂岩为主,石英含量高、岩屑含量低,有利于原生孔隙保存;而上部层组以岩屑砂岩为主,岩屑含量高、石英含量低,不利于原生孔隙保存,而有利于次生孔隙形成。③1+1型孔隙结构对储量动用具有显著影响。其中,下部层组孔隙结构好,储层相对高渗(0.52 mD)、大泄流面积(0.70 km2)、高储量动用程度(67.9%);而上部层组孔隙结构差,储层相对低渗(0.33 mD)、小泄流面积(0.34 km2)、低储量动用程度(26.9%)。④分析认为,目前井网条件下,上部层组储量未得到有效动用。为实现气田均衡开采和提高气田整体储量动用,建议对上部层组以小井距单独开采。
鄂尔多斯盆地  /  子洲气田  /  致密砂岩储层  /  孔隙结构  /  储量动用

Zizhou gas field is a multi-layer superposed tight sandstone gas field. The reservoir covers strata from Benxi Formation of Carboniferous system to He8 Formation of lower Shihezi Formation of Permian system. At present, the pore structure of the reservoir and its influence on the reserve utilization are not well understood. It seriously restricts the gas field interlayer digging process. The pore structure of tight sandstone reservoirs in Benxi Formation-He8 Member was comprehensively investigated through the utilization of cast thin sections, reservoir physical property, production data, as well as statistical and correlation analysis methods. The suggestions for further interlayer potential exploitation were also given. Draw four conclusions. The reservoir has a typical 1+1 type pore structure. Among them, the lower formations (Benxi Formation, Taiyuan Formation, Shan2 member) have developed primary intergranular pores, with large primary pore proportion, face rate and pore size, and good pore structure, which is the dominant pore structure of primary pores. In the upper formations (Shan1 member and He8 member), the intragranular dissolve pore- intercrystalline pore- microfissure are developed, the primary pore ratio, face ratio and pore size are smaller, and the pore structure is poor, which is the dominant pore structure of the secondary pores. The difference of rock composition, especially the content of quartz and cuttings, is the main reason for the formation of 1+1 pore structure. Among them, the lower formations are dominated by quartz sandstone with high quartz content and low cuttings content, which is conducive to the preservation of primary pores. The upper formations are dominated by lithic sandstone with high lithic content and low quartz content, which are not conducive to the preservation of primary pores but to the formation of secondary pores. The pore structure of 1+1 type has a significant effect on the exploitation of reserves. Among them, the lower formations have good pore structure, relatively high permeability (0.52 mD), large discharge area (0.70 km2), and high reserve utilization degree (67.9%). The upper formations have poor pore structure, relatively low permeability (0.33mD), small discharge area (0.34 km2), and low reserve utilization degree (26.9%). The analysis shows that the reserves of the upper formations have not been effectively utilized under the current well pattern conditions. In order to reduce the waste of reserves in the upper formation, realize the balanced exploitation of gas fields and improve the overall reserve utilization degree of Zizhou gas field, it is recommended to exploit the upper formations separately with a small well spacing.

Ordos Basin  /  Zizhou gas field  /  tight sandstone reservoir  /  pore structure  /  reserve utilization
代金友, 巩肖可, 陈代欣, 蒋婷婷, 雷小兰, 赵世佳. 子洲气田本溪组-盒8段储层孔隙结构特征、成因及其对储量动用的影响. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (7) : 2776 -2783 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402514
Jin-you DAI, Xiao-ke GONG, Dai-xin CHEN, Ting-ting JIANG, Xiao-lan LEI, Shi-jia ZHAO. Pore Structure Characteristics, Genesis and Influence on Reserve Utilization of Benxi-He 8 Formation in Zizhou Gas Field[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (7) : 2776 -2783 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402514
子洲气田位于陕西省榆林市米脂、子洲、绥德、清涧县境内,构造位置属鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡东部。该气田是一个多层叠合的大型致密砂岩气田,主要含气层为上古生界石炭系本溪组-二叠系下石盒子组盒8段,厚度逾300 m。该套地层由2个基准面下降半旋回组成。其中,由本溪组→太原组→山2段,为海陆过渡相沉积向陆相三角洲沉积演化的基准面下降半旋回,构成下部层组,厚度逾160 m;由山1段→盒8下→盒8上,为三角洲前缘沉积向三角洲平原沉积演化的基准面下降半旋回,构成上部层组,厚度逾140 m。
学者们对子洲气田进行了大量研究,内容涉及成藏特征、沉积相、成岩作用与有利成岩相带、储层特征、气水层识别以及气水分布等诸多方面,认为该气田具有源外成藏、近源储集特征[1];储层为近海湖泊辫状河三角洲平原沉积[2],目前储层已演化至中成岩B期[3-5];储层低孔低渗,平均孔隙度4.94%,平均渗透率0.78×10-3 μm2[6-7];气藏气水关系复杂,气水分布受构造、砂体、储层物性和天然气成藏等因素综合影响,局部存在富水区[8-12],上述研究无疑深化了气田地质认识并指明了气水关系复杂性,极大地推动了子洲气田早期增储建产工作。然而,这些研究的层位多局限于主产层山2段,研究内容专门针对孔隙结构的还较少,尤其是对本溪组-盒8段整套储层孔隙结构尚缺乏清晰的规律性认识。孔隙结构不但是评价储层质量的核心指标,也是控制储层物性和气井产能的重要因素[13]。特别是对产层跨度很大的多层叠合气田,储层孔隙结构及其差异性更是决定层间储量差异动用的关键。近年来,随着子洲气田逐步进入开发中后期,由储层质量差异导致的层间储量差异动用现象愈发显著,为最大限度地降低层间储量差异、实现均衡开采,不断加大层间挖潜力度已成为保持该气田持续高效开发的重点。适时厘清本溪组-盒8段整套储层孔隙结构特征、成因及其对储量动用影响,对进一步制定行之有效的层间挖潜技术政策至关重要。
基于此,利用子洲气田历年累积的铸体薄片、储层物性和生产资料,对本溪组-盒8段储层孔隙结构特征、成因及其对储量动用影响进行系统研究。首先,通过储层孔隙结构参数(孔隙类型、原生孔隙比例、面孔率和孔径)定量分析,厘清本溪组-盒8段储层孔隙结构特征;其次,通过岩石成分、结构与储层孔隙结构参数的相关性研究,明确储层孔隙结构成因;然后,详细剖析孔隙结构对储层物性、泄流面积和储量动用的影响,指明孔隙结构是导致层间储量差异动用主要原因。最后,根据本溪组-盒8段整套储层孔隙结构特征、成因及其对储量动用影响研究认识,初步探讨气田后续层间挖潜建议。该研究以子洲气田为例,提供一套关于多层叠合致密砂岩气田整套储层孔隙结构特征、成因及其对储量动用影响研究的全新技术路径,可望对该类气田开发中后期的层间挖潜和提高气田采收率具有重要指导意义。
孔隙结构是指岩石孔隙和喉道的类型、规模、大小、分布及其相互连通关系。孔隙结构研究方法主要包括一维孔喉定量表征(如压汞法、气体吸附法等)、二维图像观察(如光学显微镜法、扫描电镜法等)和三维孔隙结构重构(如激光共聚焦扫描电镜、聚焦离子束扫描电镜、Micro-CT、Nano-CT技术等)等3大类[14]。其中,铸体薄片法属于二维图像观察大类中的光学显微镜法,它是描述储层孔隙结构最为常用和直接的方法,具有直观可视化优点。本文中采用铸体薄片法,通过孔隙类型、原生孔隙比例、面孔率和孔径等4项储层孔隙结构参数分析,表征储层孔隙结构特征。
孔隙是岩石中未被固态物质充填的储集空间,也是地下流体储存和渗滤的场所[15]。根据产状,储层孔隙分为粒间孔隙、粒内孔隙、填隙物内孔隙及裂隙4大类;根据成因,储层孔隙分为原生孔隙、次生孔隙2大类[16]。子洲气田本溪组-盒8段储层铸体薄片鉴定结果统计表明(表1),该套储层孔隙主要包括粒间孔、粒内溶孔、晶间孔和微裂隙等4类。其中,粒间孔为原生孔隙,而粒内溶孔、晶间孔和微裂隙为次生孔隙。比较而言,下部层组与上部层组孔隙类型、原生孔隙比例差别较大。其中,下部层组粒间孔更为发育、粒内溶孔-晶间孔-微裂隙较少,原生孔隙比例>70%,平均75.6%;而上部层组粒内溶孔-晶间孔-微裂隙更为发育、粒间孔较少,原生孔隙比例<24%,平均16.3%。
各类储层孔隙特征如图1所示。其中,粒间孔[图1(a)]多发育在石英砂岩中,受岩石组构限定,属于原生孔隙,一般孔径>50 μm;粒内溶孔[图1(b)]在岩屑砂岩中更为发育,以岩屑溶孔为主,属于次生孔隙,孔径一般介于20~50 μm;晶间孔[图1(c)]在填隙物内发育,尤以高岭石晶间孔最为常见,为自生矿物或重结晶矿物之间微孔,属于次生孔隙,一般孔径<20 μm;微裂隙[图1(d)]呈蜿蜒曲折的细长条带状,不受岩石组构限制,属于次生孔隙,一般开度<50 μm,其见孔机遇率较低。
面孔率是衡量储层孔隙规模的重要指标,孔径是表征储层孔隙大小重要参数。其中,面孔率是镜下视域范围内可分辨孔隙的比率,与面孔隙度大体相当。由于铸体薄片放大倍数有限,镜下可分辨孔隙并不是全部孔隙,仅为孔径相对较大的那部分孔隙,故一般面孔率要小于储层实测孔隙度。同样,孔径亦是镜下视域范围内可分辨孔隙的直径。
表1可以看出,子洲气田本溪组-盒8段储层下部层组与上部层组的面孔率和孔径差别较大。其中,下部层组面孔率>2%,平均2.8%;孔径>38 μm,平均69 μm。而上部层组面孔率<1.1%,平均0.9%;孔径<30 μm,平均18.2 μm。对比可知,下部层组面孔率和孔径,分别为上部层组的3.1倍和3.8倍。
综合考虑孔隙类型、原生孔隙比例、面孔率和孔径等4项指标可知,子洲气田本溪组-盒8段储层孔隙结构并非单一,而是由纵向上具有显著特征差异的两种不同孔隙结构叠置复合而成,具有典型的1+1型孔隙结构模式。其中,下部层组(本溪组、太原组、山2段)原生粒间孔发育,原生孔隙比例(75.6%)、面孔率(2.8%)和孔径(69 μm)较大,孔隙结构好,为原生孔隙主导型孔隙结构;而上部层组(山1段、盒8下、盒8上)次生粒内溶孔-晶间孔-微裂隙发育,原生孔隙比例(16.3%)、面孔率(0.9%)和孔径(18.2 μm)较小,孔隙结构差,属于次生孔隙主导型孔隙结构。
储层岩石由颗粒、填隙物和孔隙等3部分构成。岩石成分特征(颗粒和填隙物类型及构成比例等)以及岩石结构特征(颗粒大小、分选、磨圆、接触关系等)必然对储层孔隙结构特征(孔隙和喉道的类型、规模、大小、分布及其相互连通关系等)产生直接影响。为此,利用铸体薄片鉴定资料,从岩石成分与结构两方面入手,分析子洲气田本溪组-盒8段储层孔隙结构成因。
对岩石结构统计表明,本溪组-盒8段储层岩石均表现为中-粗粒砂岩、分选中-好、磨圆呈次圆-次棱状、颗粒支撑、线接触特征,岩石结构基本一致。这说明,本溪组-盒8段储层1+1型孔隙结构的形成可能与岩石成分差异有关。为此,进一步统计了岩石成分(表2图2)。可以看出,子洲气田本溪组-盒8段储层岩石主要由石英、长石、岩屑和填隙物组成。其中,填隙物含量普遍较高、长石含量普遍很低,二者含量之和基本一致,而石英和岩屑含量则相差明显且二者呈互补关系。对比来看,下部层组主要为石英砂岩,石英含量高(>60%,平均68.1%)、岩屑含量低(<21%,平均15.4%)、成分成熟度高(成熟度指数平均4.4);而上部层组主要为岩屑砂岩,石英含量低(<60%,平均56.8%)、岩屑含量高(>25%,平均26.6%),成分成熟度低(成熟度指数平均2.1)。这说明,石英和岩屑含量差异为本溪组-盒8段储层1+1型孔隙结构形成的关键。
为了验证这一观点,对石英含量与储层孔隙结构参数(原生孔隙比例、面孔率、孔径)进行相关性分析(图3)。可以看出,石英含量与原生孔隙比例、面孔率和孔径均呈良好的线性正相关关系(复相关系数R2依次为0.754 9、0.969 7和0.969)。石英含量越高,原生孔隙比例越高、原生孔隙越发育、面孔率和孔径也越大,孔隙结构越好。考虑石英与岩屑含量互补性可进一步推知,岩屑含量越高,原生孔隙比例越低、次生孔隙越发育、面孔率和孔径也越小,孔隙结构越差。这说明,石英和岩屑含量差异确是本溪组-盒8段储层1+1型孔隙结构形成的主要原因。其中,下部层组以石英砂岩为主,石英含量高、岩屑含量低,有利于原生孔隙保存,故形成较好的原生孔隙主导型孔隙结构;而上部层组以岩屑砂岩为主,岩屑含量高、石英含量低,不利于原生孔隙保存,而有利于次生孔隙形成,故形成较差的次生孔隙主导型孔隙结构。
利用PETREL软件,对气田现场收集的491口井的测井曲线、测井解释成果和分层数据进行加载和地层复查与对比,进而在6个地层单元(本溪组、太原组、山2段、山1段、盒8下、盒8上)约束下,提取储层物性数据体。考虑气井完钻层位差异,选取完整钻穿本溪组-盒8段整套地层的212口井为样本,进行分层物性统计。其中,参与物性统计的有效数据合计616井层,统计结果见表3图4
表3图4可以看出:子洲气田本溪组-盒8段储层孔隙度主要分布在4%~10%,平均孔隙度6.8%;渗透率主要分布在0.1~1.0 mD,平均渗透率0.42 mD。其中,下部层组和上部层组的孔隙度相差不大,而渗透率差异较大。比较来看,下部层组渗透率(>0.45 mD,平均0.52 mD),显著高于上部层组渗透率(<0.41 mD,平均0.33 mD)。
分析认为,下部层组和上部层组的孔隙度相差不大的原因在于:尽管下部层组面孔率高于上部层组,但下部层组储层微孔(视域下不可识别的孔隙)却较之上部层组少,故二者实际孔隙度差别较小。而下部层组渗透率显著高于上部层组的原因在于:下部层组孔径要明显高于上部层组,根据Kozeny-Carman公式,渗透率与孔径平方成正比,故在孔隙度相近条件下,下部层组渗透率更高。这也说明,相较于孔隙度,渗透率对储层孔隙结构更为敏感,或储层孔隙结构对渗透率控制作用更强。
利用气井生产动态资料,采用产量不稳定分析法[17-18],对子洲气田302口气井的泄流半径和泄流面积进行了计算,结果如表3图5所示。
子洲气田本溪组-盒8段储层泄流半径和泄流面积差异较大。其中,下部层组泄流半径>400 m、平均472.2 m,泄流面积>0.52 km2、平均0.70 km2;而上部层组泄流半径<400 m、平均327.2 m,泄流面积<0.48 km2、平均0.34 km2。对比来看,下部层组泄流半径约为上部层组的1.5倍、泄流面积约为上部层组的2倍。分析认为,孔隙结构是导致泄流半径和泄流面积差异的主要原因。其中,下部层组孔隙结构好,储层渗透率高,储层具有较好的质量和渗流能力,气井泄流半径与泄流面积大;而上部层组孔隙结构差,储层渗透率低,储层具有较差的质量和渗流能力,气井泄流半径与泄流面积小。
对子洲气田地质储量、动用储量和储量动用程度进行计算和统计(表4),结果表明:目前,该气田储量动用差异明显。其中,下部层组储量动用程度为67.9%,而上部层组储量动用程度仅为26.9%。
分析认为,孔隙结构是导致储量差异动用的主要原因。子洲气田本溪组-盒8段储层具有典型的1+1型孔隙结构,上部层组和下部层组储层孔隙结构完全不同,在合采条件下,必然形成严重层间干扰和储量动用不均衡。其中,下部层组孔隙结构好,储层渗透率高、泄流半径大、储量动用更为充分,故储量动用程度高;而上部层组孔隙结构差,储层渗透率低、泄流半径小、储量不能有效动用,故储量动用程度低。
子洲气田层间储量差异动用明显,孔隙结构是导致储量差异动用的主要原因。依据储层孔隙结构特征,制定有针对性的层间挖潜技术政策,是实现气田均衡开采和提高气田整体采收率的必由之路。近年来,随着子洲气田逐步进入开发中后期,由储层质量差异导致的层间储量差异动用现象愈发显著,如何开展层间挖潜,最大限度地降低层间储量动用差异,已成为子洲气田进一步持续高效开发关注的重点。为此,根据子洲气田本溪组-盒8段整套储层孔隙结构特征、成因及其对储量动用影响研究认识,结合气田地质和井网条件,初步给出了气田后续层间挖潜建议。
子洲气田采用一套井网多层合采方式,已连续开发16年。目前,该气田处于开发中后期,井网较完善,气井平均井距1 250 m。与泄流半径计算结果(表3)对比可知,目前井网条件下,1 250 m井距对下部层组,尤其是主产层山2段(平均泄流半径551 m)相对较为适合,而对上部层组(平均泄流半径327.2 m)显然过大。现有井网井距过大,必然导致上部层组各层储量不能有效动用,并造成其储量的严重浪费。
当单独考虑上部层组时发现,上部层组的山1段、盒8下、盒8上等3个层位深度相近、储层孔隙结构和流体性质相近,并且其储量规模大(1 070.3×108 m3)、隔层条件优越(山1段碳质泥岩发育,地层厚度50 m、净毛比<5%,对下部层组分隔作用明显),完全具备单独开采的条件。因此,为减小上部层组储量浪费,实现气田均衡开采和提高子洲气田整体储量动用以及最终采收率,建议可对上部层组以小井距进行单独开采试验。
(1)子洲气田本溪组-盒8段储层具有典型的1+1型孔隙结构特征。其中,下部层组(本溪组、太原组、山2段)粒间孔发育,原生孔隙比例、面孔率和孔径较大,孔隙结构好,为原生孔隙主导型孔隙结构;上部层组(山1段、盒8下、盒8上)粒内溶孔-晶间孔-微裂隙发育,原生孔隙比例、面孔率和孔径较较小,孔隙结构差,为次生孔隙主导型孔隙结构。
(2)研究表明,储层岩石成分,尤其是石英和岩屑含量的差异是1+1型孔隙结构形成的主要原因。其中,下部层组以石英砂岩为主,石英含量高、岩屑含量低,有利于原生孔隙保存,最终形成较好的原生孔隙主导型孔隙结构;而上部层组以岩屑砂岩为主,岩屑含量高、石英含量低,不利于原生孔隙保存,而有利于次生孔隙形成,最终形成较差的次生孔隙主导型孔隙结构。
(3)子洲气田本溪组-盒8段1+1型孔隙结构控制了储层渗透率、气井泄流面积和储量动用程度。其中,下部层组孔隙结构好,储层相对高渗、高泄流面积、高储量动用程度;而上部层组孔隙结构差,储层相对低渗、低泄流面积、低储量动用程度。
(4)分析认为,多层叠合气田储层孔隙结构差异是导致层间储量动用差异的主要原因。子洲气田1+1型孔隙结构必然引发上、下层组储量的差异动用。目前井网条件下,本溪组-盒8段储层上部层组储量未得到有效动用,其储量浪费严重。为实现气田均衡开采和提高子洲气田整体储量动用程度,建议对上部层组以小井距进行单独开采试验。
(5)孔隙结构及其对储量动用影响研究是弄清多层叠合气田层间储量动用差异和开展层间挖潜的基础,层间挖潜是处于开发中后期多层叠合气田实现均衡开采和提高气田参收率的重要途径。该研究以子洲气田为例,提供了一套关于多层叠合致密砂岩气田整套储层孔隙结构特征、成因及其对储量动用影响研究的全新技术路径,相关认识对类似气田开发中后期的层间挖潜和提高气田采收率工作具有重要参考意义。
  • 国家科技重大专项-油气重大专项(2016ZX05047-005)
  • 国家科技重大专项(2017ZX05035004)
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2025年第25卷第7期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402514
  • 接收时间:2024-04-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
  • 出版时间:2025-03-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-08
  • 修回日期:2024-07-26
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国家科技重大专项-油气重大专项(2016ZX05047-005)
国家科技重大专项(2017ZX05035004)
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    1 中国石油大学(北京)石油工程学院, 北京 102249
    2 中国石油长庆油田分公司第二采气厂, 榆林 719000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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