Article(id=1245407859391971657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156262727438951343, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403270, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1714838400000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-05, revisedDate=1721923200000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774857972238, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=1741363200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774857972238, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774857972238, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774857972238, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156262727438951343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='7', pageStart='2193', pageEnd='3077', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753604116544, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753771263994, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156963794699248405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156262727438951343, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156963794699248406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156262727438951343, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3057, endPage=3063, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245407860255998307, articleId=1245407859391971657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Local Stability Analysis of Rocket Erecting Device, columnId=1156262731079607234, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Aeronautics and Astronautics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As a key device for rocket launch, the erecting device’s load-bearing performance is crucial for the success. In response to the instability phenomenon of the vertical plate of a certain rocket erecting device under the loading condition at the moment of erection, in order to analyze the reasons for the instability of the vertical plate, a finite element simulation model of the erecting device was established considering the actual load situation. The compressive load on both sides of the vertical plate under the working condition of erection was extracted, and based on the theory of small deflection thin plate elastic stability, the local instability of the vertical plate was explained: the compressive load of the vertical plate at the moment of erection exceeded its critical instability load, manifested as the characteristic of lateral bending deformation instability. Based on the analysis results, local reinforcement measures for the vertical plate were proposed. Finite element analysis and erecting loading tests were conducted on the vertical device after reinforcement. The results indicate that the stress consistency at the corresponding measurement points of the left and right vertical plates is good, and the stress deviation between the simulation calculation and the test result is not more than 10%. The lateral bending deformation decreases from 5.3 mm before reinforcement to 1.6 mm after reinforcement, proving the effectiveness of structural reinforcement. The relevant conclusions provide a reference for the local stability analysis of large and complex structures.

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起竖装置作为火箭发射的关键装置,其起竖承载性能对火箭发射成功至关重要。针对某火箭起竖装置在起竖瞬间加载工况下出现的立板失稳现象,为分析立板失稳的原因,考虑起竖装置实际受载情况,建立起竖装置有限元仿真模型,对起竖瞬间工况下立板两侧的压力载荷进行提取,基于小挠度薄板弹性稳定理论,对立板局部失稳进行了解释:立板在起竖瞬间受压载荷超过了其临界失稳载荷,表现为横向弯曲变形失稳特征。根据分析结果提出立板局部补强措施,对补强后起竖装置开展有限元分析和起竖加载试验,结果表明:左、右立板对应测点应力一致性较好,测点仿真计算与试验测试结果偏差不大于10%,横向弯曲变形由补强前的5.3 mm减小到补强后的1.6 mm,证明了结构补强的有效性。相关结论为大型复杂结构局部稳定性分析提供了参考。

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许昶(1993—),男,汉族,湖北武汉人,博士,工程师。研究方向:发射装置设计。E-mail:

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许昶(1993—),男,汉族,湖北武汉人,博士,工程师。研究方向:发射装置设计。E-mail:

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许昶(1993—),男,汉族,湖北武汉人,博士,工程师。研究方向:发射装置设计。E-mail:

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journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859391971657, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=起竖装置), Keyword(id=1245407867319206839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859391971657, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=局部稳定性), Keyword(id=1245407867424064452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859391971657, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=有限元分析), Keyword(id=1245407867524727761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859391971657, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=补强)], refs=[Reference(id=1245407871748391279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859391971657, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=45, issue=21, pageStart=39, pageEnd=43, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=冯会方, 张剑, 卢丙举, journalName=舰船科学技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=冯会方, 张剑, 卢丙举, . 火箭海上发射起竖装置结构设计及强度校核[J]. 舰船科学技术, 2023, 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Stress and displacement measurement points on the left side

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序号 编号 布点位置 测试内容 性质 精度/%
1 STZ5~STZ6 起竖瞬间补强后左后纵梁后纵梁边腹板1油缸支座外侧立板应力 三向
应变
±5
2 STZ7~STZ8 起竖瞬间补强后左后纵梁后纵梁边腹板1油缸支座内侧立板应力 三向
应变
±5
), ArticleFig(id=1245407871173771573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859391971657, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

左侧应力和位移测点

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序号 编号 布点位置 测试内容 性质 精度/%
1 STZ5~STZ6 起竖瞬间补强后左后纵梁后纵梁边腹板1油缸支座外侧立板应力 三向
应变
±5
2 STZ7~STZ8 起竖瞬间补强后左后纵梁后纵梁边腹板1油缸支座内侧立板应力 三向
应变
±5
), ArticleFig(id=1245407871312183614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407859391971657, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison deviation table between actual measurement and simulation calculation results

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序号 编号 起竖瞬间测试
均值/MPa
起竖瞬间仿真
计算值/MPa
偏差/%
1 STZ5 184 186.8 1.50
2 STZ6 176 194.7 9.60
3 STZ7 168 182.2 7.79
4 STZ8 196 200.5 2.24
5 STY5 178 183.8 3.16
6 STY6 173 190.5 9.19
7 STY7 166 179.2 7.37
8 STY8 199 202.5 1.73
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实测与仿真计算结果对比偏差表

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序号 编号 起竖瞬间测试
均值/MPa
起竖瞬间仿真
计算值/MPa
偏差/%
1 STZ5 184 186.8 1.50
2 STZ6 176 194.7 9.60
3 STZ7 168 182.2 7.79
4 STZ8 196 200.5 2.24
5 STY5 178 183.8 3.16
6 STY6 173 190.5 9.19
7 STY7 166 179.2 7.37
8 STY8 199 202.5 1.73
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火箭起竖装置局部稳定性分析
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许昶 , 王凯雷 , 肖勇 , 邓鹏程
科学技术与工程 | 论文·航空、航天 2025,25(7): 3057-3063
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·航空、航天 2025, 25(7): 3057-3063
火箭起竖装置局部稳定性分析
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许昶 , 王凯雷, 肖勇, 邓鹏程
作者信息
  • 北京航天发射技术研究所, 北京 100076
  • 许昶(1993—),男,汉族,湖北武汉人,博士,工程师。研究方向:发射装置设计。E-mail:

Local Stability Analysis of Rocket Erecting Device
Chang XU , Kai-lei WANG, Yong XIAO, Peng-cheng DENG
Affiliations
  • Beijing Institute of Space Launch Technology, Beijing 100076, China
出版时间: 2025-03-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403270
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起竖装置作为火箭发射的关键装置,其起竖承载性能对火箭发射成功至关重要。针对某火箭起竖装置在起竖瞬间加载工况下出现的立板失稳现象,为分析立板失稳的原因,考虑起竖装置实际受载情况,建立起竖装置有限元仿真模型,对起竖瞬间工况下立板两侧的压力载荷进行提取,基于小挠度薄板弹性稳定理论,对立板局部失稳进行了解释:立板在起竖瞬间受压载荷超过了其临界失稳载荷,表现为横向弯曲变形失稳特征。根据分析结果提出立板局部补强措施,对补强后起竖装置开展有限元分析和起竖加载试验,结果表明:左、右立板对应测点应力一致性较好,测点仿真计算与试验测试结果偏差不大于10%,横向弯曲变形由补强前的5.3 mm减小到补强后的1.6 mm,证明了结构补强的有效性。相关结论为大型复杂结构局部稳定性分析提供了参考。

起竖装置  /  局部稳定性  /  有限元分析  /  补强

As a key device for rocket launch, the erecting device’s load-bearing performance is crucial for the success. In response to the instability phenomenon of the vertical plate of a certain rocket erecting device under the loading condition at the moment of erection, in order to analyze the reasons for the instability of the vertical plate, a finite element simulation model of the erecting device was established considering the actual load situation. The compressive load on both sides of the vertical plate under the working condition of erection was extracted, and based on the theory of small deflection thin plate elastic stability, the local instability of the vertical plate was explained: the compressive load of the vertical plate at the moment of erection exceeded its critical instability load, manifested as the characteristic of lateral bending deformation instability. Based on the analysis results, local reinforcement measures for the vertical plate were proposed. Finite element analysis and erecting loading tests were conducted on the vertical device after reinforcement. The results indicate that the stress consistency at the corresponding measurement points of the left and right vertical plates is good, and the stress deviation between the simulation calculation and the test result is not more than 10%. The lateral bending deformation decreases from 5.3 mm before reinforcement to 1.6 mm after reinforcement, proving the effectiveness of structural reinforcement. The relevant conclusions provide a reference for the local stability analysis of large and complex structures.

erecting device  /  local stability  /  finite element analysis  /  reinforcement
许昶, 王凯雷, 肖勇, 邓鹏程. 火箭起竖装置局部稳定性分析. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (7) : 3057 -3063 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403270
Chang XU, Kai-lei WANG, Yong XIAO, Peng-cheng DENG. Local Stability Analysis of Rocket Erecting Device[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (7) : 3057 -3063 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403270
起竖装置作为火箭发射的关键装置,其起竖承载性能对火箭发射成功至关重要。利用有限元软件分析起竖装置结构承载是常用的一种形式。冯会方等[1]设计了一种海上火箭起竖装置,利用仿真软件对起竖架和锁紧装置强度进行了校核,为火箭海上发射装置设计提供参考。贾森等[2-3]利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对海上火箭起竖装置下夹钳导向结构进行了强度分析与优化,并对上夹钳的支撑基座进行了结构优化设计。刘涛等[4]则利用ANSYS仿真分析软件,对某型发射车调平起竖装置在调平起竖过程中机械损伤检测的重点部位开展了应力分析。刘瀚超等[5]对共架发射装置开展了设计,利用有限元分析方法,对比分析了水平和垂直两种工况下结构的应力分布和变形情况。张乐等[6]采用MATLAB优化算法对起竖装置关键参数进行优化,利用ANSYS对起竖装置进行拓扑优化并重构模型,最后通过强度校核和模态有限元计算分析证实优化模型的性能。
许多大型结构为满足轻量化设计,板壳结构较多,一旦细长杆/板受压载荷而发生作用力平面外难以恢复的变形,即失稳,就会对结构承载产生不利影响。失稳研究多以理论和有限元分析的方式为主。耿发贵等[7]利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对固体火箭发动机壳体进行了外压屈曲分析,通过理论公式和有限元计算结果对比,验证有限元方法的准确性,并依此对不同定心部壳体屈曲性能开展了研究。蒋国庆等[8]利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对蜂窝夹芯板预制典型缺陷形成参数化模型,并分析恒温和变温下凹坑缺陷关键参数对蜂窝夹芯板特征值屈曲性能影响规律。基于Ansys workbench有限元仿真软件,同志学等[9]对含初始缺陷的圆柱壳体进行了外压屈曲的仿真研究,利用实验结果,对不同分析方法预测缺陷的精度进行了对比分析。刘祥康等[10]综合考虑温度、内压、轴向力等因素,借助ABAQUS有限元分析软件对高温高产井中油管发生屈曲对特殊螺纹性能的影响进行了研究。王小龙等[11]将线性屈曲分析的屈曲模态作为初始缺陷的参考值,对受外压海底管道进行非线性有限元分析,提出了判定海底管道非线性屈曲的临界外压的拐点方法,并利用该方法分析了不同缺陷和径厚比下海底管道的临界外压。赵卫平等[12]基于开口薄壁杆件理论计算公式,研究了等边角钢,工字形,十字形3种截面类型钢柱的轴压稳定性,分析了各种失稳形式的特征及发生条件,得到了各种失稳形式与截面尺寸的关系。李秀坤等[13]通过综合国内外常用的几种标准中采用的外压圆筒失稳时的稳定性计算方法,结合圆筒形铝合金外壳外压圆筒稳定性工程实例比对,分析影响外压圆筒失稳临界压力的因素,找出适合实际使用的判定方法。卢启财等[14]从钢结构失稳的危害性入手,阐述了钢结构的特点以及验算钢结构失稳的重要性和方法步骤,并以GB 50017—2003《钢结构设计规范》为依据,着重分析和总结了轴心受压杆件失稳时的状态和计算方法,并给出具体的算例。赵红伟等[15]提供一种高速动车组车体局部结构失稳有限元仿真装置及其方法,通过采用线性屈曲分析及有限元仿真方法,模拟车体结构完好和局部型材凹陷或凸起等缺陷状态,分析动车组结构局部失稳的临界载荷力。孔宪超[16]考虑在重载情况下大型起重机臂架柔性、细长结构,为了高效地求解临界载荷,在高效建模方法和失稳载荷快速求解方法等方面进行了研究和探讨。
借鉴现有理论与研究,对某火箭起竖装置在起竖瞬间加载时,起竖油缸下支耳两侧立板出现失稳现象进行分析,立板横向挠度约为5 mm。考虑起竖装置实际受载情况,建立起竖装置有限元仿真模型,对起竖瞬间工况下立板两侧的压力载荷进行提取,基于薄板理论,结合测试和仿真结果,对局部失稳原因进行了分析,并提出局部补强措施。对补强后起竖装置开展仿真和起竖加载试验,验证结构补强的有效性。
本文研究对象起竖装置主要包含停放平台、起竖托架(起竖臂+上框)、承载台三大主承力部件,如图1所示。起竖油缸支座落在停放平台上,为给油缸油管腾出安装空间,在两侧开梯形孔,并用圆角过渡,失稳发生在梯形孔上边沿立板处,如图2所示。
为了更加真实反映起竖装置失稳立板结构局部受力和变形特征,考虑起竖装置起竖瞬间工况实际受载情况,利用商用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立起竖装置整体耦合约束仿真模型。整体模型主体结构采用壳单元模拟,主承载纵梁板厚主要为10 mm,其余补强板厚度为6~15 mm不等,各壳体厚度按照计算输入的三维模型板厚尺寸设置。起竖装置主体结构材料为Q460钢板。整个模型共划分894 911个网格。
起竖托架与承载台回转支耳通过回转轴与停放支撑平台回转支耳连接,起竖臂与承载台之间通过台销轴连接,利用铰链Hinge刚性连接模拟各轴,如图3所示;起竖托架起竖上支耳与停放支撑平台之间通过起竖油缸连接,采用铰链Hinge刚性连接模拟起竖油缸轴,轴向连接Translator模拟油缸活塞刚性二立杆,如图4所示;上框与起竖臂对接面设置Tie绑定约束将上框起竖臂形成整体,如图5所示。
起竖瞬间工况下,对承载装置结构施加垂向1g重力加速度。停放支撑平台前两个小支腿施加固定约束,起竖油缸下部平面施加垂向位移约束。在托座上方箭体中心线上设置耦合点,在托座耦合点施加托座载荷,在适配器对应位置施加表面压力载荷。五道支撑托座的载荷依次为:第一道托座为47.2 t、第二道托座为14.5 t、第三道托座为10.6 t、第四道和第五道托座载荷合计为61 t,其中第一道托座靠近火箭尾端;除第二道托座宽度为1 000 mm外,其余四个托座宽度均为600 mm;第一道~第五道托座中心距离回转支耳纵向距离分别为2 685、6 241、10 341、16 620、17 520 mm。三道适配器的载荷依次为:第一道适配器垂向载荷2.85 t、第二道适配器垂向载荷3.53 t、第三道适配器垂向载荷17.8 t,其中第一道适配器靠近火箭尾端,适配器宽度为800 mm,第一道~第三道适配器中心距离回转支耳纵向距离分别为2 085、10 341、17 520 mm。对油缸的Translator连接施加轴向位移,模拟油缸的起竖,如图6所示。
起竖瞬间工况下停放平台油缸支座承载座前后向中间压缩变形,立板产生5.3 mm横向变形,与实际立板变形结果5 mm相吻合,如图7所示。
立板局部应力结果如图8所示,应力值为281.4 MPa,未超过屈服强度,在弹性范围内,整体仿真模型计算能够较为准确反映立板实际局部变形情况。
为提取立板两侧的压力载荷,将实际立板结构截取,用刚性连接Beam模拟,两端分别与结构端面耦合,如图9所示。
再次用整体模型开展计算,后处理结果提取连接刚性单元Beam的三向载荷,如图10所示,可知刚性单元Beam主要承受纵向载荷(CTF1),载荷平均值为-119.3 t(压载荷),其他方向载荷(CTF2和CTF3)几乎为0。
将立板独立出来进行失稳分析,立板截面最小长度b=155 mm,横向厚度t=30 mm,满足薄板尺寸要求;薄板横向挠度wt/5,满足小挠度问题。根据小挠度理论给出薄板弹性稳定微分方程,即
D$\left(\frac{{\partial }^{4}w}{\partial {x}^{4}}+2\frac{{\partial }^{4}w}{\partial {x}^{2}\partial {y}^{2}}+\frac{{\partial }^{4}w}{\partial {y}^{4}}\right)$
=Nx$\frac{{\partial }^{2}w}{\partial {x}^{2}}$+2Nxy$\frac{{\partial }^{2}w}{\partial x\partial y}$+Ny$\frac{{\partial }^{2}w}{\partial {y}^{2}}$
式(1)中:D=$\frac{E{t}^{3}}{12(1-{\nu }^{2})}$,为单位宽度板的抗弯刚度。
由两边受压板中面上作用载荷得到板的弹性稳定微分方程为
D$\left(\frac{{\partial }^{4}w}{\partial {x}^{4}}+2\frac{{\partial }^{4}w}{\partial {x}^{2}\partial {y}^{2}}+\frac{{\partial }^{4}w}{\partial {y}^{4}}\right)$-Px$\frac{{\partial }^{2}w}{\partial {x}^{2}}$=0
定义板两端固定,则边界条件表达式为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}x=0,y=0\\ x=0,y=b\\ x=a,y=0\\ x=a,y=b\end{array}\right.$, w=0,$\frac{\partial w}{\partial x}$=0,$\frac{\partial w}{\partial y}$=0
求解得到临界载荷为
Pcrx=K$\frac{{\pi }^{2}D}{2{b}^{2}}$
式中:K为稳定系数,对于两边固定条件下,K最小取值为6.97。
利用式(1)~式(4)求解得到立板的临界失稳载荷为74.3 t。
另采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS的Buckle模块对立板进行线弹性屈曲分析,提取第一阶特征值结果如图11所示,换算得到立板临界失稳载荷为76.8 t,理论求解值与其误差绝对值为3.4%,说明计算结果的准确性。结合获取的立板受压载荷可知,停放平台油缸支座两侧立板在起竖瞬间受压载荷超过其临界失稳载荷,立板发生失稳。
根据分析结果,失稳立板发生了横向弯曲变形。为了减弱横向变形,提高横向抗弯模量,对立板局部结构进行补强,在外侧两补强板中间新增上、下垂直于变形板的加强板,并在中间利用立板连接形成增强结构,如图12所示;在内侧前、后主横梁中间新增垂直于变形板的加强板,将局部受载传递到前、后主横梁承载,并在下部增加筋板提升整体抗扭性能,如图13所示。
基于整体有限元计算模型,对起竖瞬间工况下补强后起竖装置进行分析,停放平台油缸支座两侧立板计算结果图14所示。可知,起竖瞬间工况下,补强后立板产生1.6 mm横向变形,立板局部应力为168 MPa,相比补强前横向变形有效抑制,局部应力下降了40.3%,补强效果明显。
为验证补强后仿真结果,分别在外侧立板和内侧立板应力梯度变化不大且远离焊缝位置的区域设置关键应力测点,粘贴三向应变片测试应力,利用配重对补强后起竖装置在起竖瞬间工况下进行应力测试。起竖装置左侧油缸支座承载座应力测点如表1所示,共4处,右侧应力测点与左侧对称,编号为STY5~STY8。
起竖瞬间工况下应力测试与仿真结果对比如表2所示,偏差=(仿真应力值-实际测量值)/仿真应力值×100%。由表2可知,左、右测点实际测试应力与实际测点位置所得出的计算理论值对称性较好,仿真计算值相较测试均值均偏大,偏差绝对值均在10%以内,证明了补强后仿真结果准确性。存在误差的原因与仿真模型提取网格单元的应力值同实际粘贴位置有偏差有关,另外,应变片的粘贴面积导致测试精度误差也有关联。
针对起竖装置在起竖瞬间加载工况下产生的立板失稳现象,通过仿真与理论相结合的方式,对立板失稳的原因进行了分析,并依据分析结果提出补强方案,结合实际结构测试验证补强方案的有效性,得出如下结论。
(1)提出了复杂起竖装置局部结构失稳分析方法:①整体仿真模型的建立及准确性验证用于局部立板压载荷的提取;②弹性薄板理论开展局部立板失稳的判定。此方法对于大型复杂结构局部稳定性分析具有参考意义。
(2)基于整体模型仿真变形计算结果对立板失稳原因进行解释:起竖装置停放平台油缸支座承载座前、后梁在起竖瞬间加载工况下发生纵向弯曲变形,致使立板受压,载荷超过了其本身临界失稳载荷是导致立板发生横向永久变形的原因。对受压的细长板/杆结构应重点关注其变形特征。
(3)基于抑制立板横向变形、提高抗弯模量的思路,提出油缸支座内、外侧立板补强方案,补强后立板局部应力下降了40.3%,横向变形减小到1.6 mm。结合起竖加载试验,测试关键部位应力与仿真计算误差绝对值均在10%以内,验证了补强方案的有效性,结构满足使用工况下的承载要求。
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2025年第25卷第7期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403270
  • 接收时间:2024-05-05
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
  • 出版时间:2025-03-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-05
  • 修回日期:2024-07-26
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    北京航天发射技术研究所, 北京 100076
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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