Article(id=1245407858892845797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156262727438951343, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402777, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1713283200000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-17, revisedDate=1722268800000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774857972119, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=1741363200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774857972119, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774857972119, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774857972119, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156262727438951343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='7', pageStart='2193', pageEnd='3077', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753604116544, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753771263994, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156963794699248405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156262727438951343, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156963794699248406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156262727438951343, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2897, endPage=2903, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245407859391967979, articleId=1245407858892845797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Uplift Capacity of Horizontal Rectangular Anchor Plate in Saturated Red Clay, columnId=1156262729917780302, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

According to the drawing load characteristics of horizontal rectangular anchor plate in red clay foundation, the vertical drawing model test of horizontal rectangular anchor plate in saturated red clay foundation is carried out by using a self-made visual drawing model test system combined with digital photographic measurement technology. The results show that the sliding surface of soil around the anchor shows different shapes with the change of buried depth ratio, but the initial Angle does not change with the change of buried depth ratio. The load displacement curve generally has obvious peak characteristics, but with the increase of the buried depth ratio, the characteristics gradually weaken. When the buried depth ratio is the same, the smaller the length-width ratio is, the more obvious the three-dimensional bearing characteristics of the anchor plate and the peak characteristics of the curve are. The bearing capacity coefficient increases with the increase of buried depth ratio, but the law is different under different aspect ratio. The bearing capacity coefficient decreases with the increase of length-width ratio, and the change law is consistent under different buried depth ratio. Conclusion: For test red clay, the anchor plate can be classified as shallow buried type at least within the range of buried depth ratio 4, and deep buried type if the buried depth ratio is greater than 8. Under the same conditions, under the influence of cohesion and dilatancy, the tensile strength coefficient of anchor plate in red clay foundation is between loose sand foundation and dense sand foundation.

, correspAuthors=Wei HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Guang LUO, Wei HU, Hong-yi DU, Hui WANG, Han-lin ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1245407862474781505, articleId=1245407858892845797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=饱和红黏土中水平矩形锚板上拔承载特性试验研究, columnId=1156262730517565784, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·建筑科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对红黏土地基中水平矩形锚板上拔承载特性,通过自制的可视化拉拔模型试验系统,结合数字照相测量技术,开展了饱和红黏土地基中水平矩形锚板的竖向拉拔模型试验。结果表明:锚周土体滑动面随埋深比的变化呈现不同形态,但初始角并不随埋深比发生变化。荷载位移曲线一般具有较明显的峰值特征,但随着埋深比的增大,该特征逐渐减弱;埋深比相同时,长宽比越小,锚板承载的三维特性越显著,曲线的峰值特征也越明显。承载力系数随着埋深比的增加呈增大趋势,但不同长宽比下的规律有所差别;承载力系数随长宽比的增加呈减小趋势,且不同埋深比下的变化规律较为一致。结论:对于试验红黏土,至少在埋深比4的范围内,锚板可归为浅埋型,埋深比大于8的情况则已属于深埋型。同等条件下,受黏聚力和剪胀性的影响,锚板抗拔承载力系数在红黏土地基中的数值介于松砂地基和密砂地基之间。

, correspAuthors=胡伟, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 胡伟(1982—),男,汉族,湖北松滋人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向:地基与基础工程。E-mail:
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罗广(2000—),男,汉族,湖南湘潭人,硕士研究生。研究方向:地基基础与隧道工程。E-mail:

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罗广(2000—),男,汉族,湖南湘潭人,硕士研究生。研究方向:地基基础与隧道工程。E-mail:

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PLC为可编程逻辑控制器

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Physical and mechanical indexes of test clay

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ/
(g·cm-3)
ρdmax/
(g·cm-3)
ω/% ωmax/% ω0/% ωL/% ωP/% ωS/% Gs γsat/
(kN·m-3)
γd/
(kN·m-3)
c /
kPa
φ/(°)
1.86 1.73 28 27.33 22.1 63.4 25.8 10.4 2.71 19.43 15.26 17.3 23.3
), ArticleFig(id=1245407872717271576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1245407858892845797, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验用土物理力学指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ/
(g·cm-3)
ρdmax/
(g·cm-3)
ω/% ωmax/% ω0/% ωL/% ωP/% ωS/% Gs γsat/
(kN·m-3)
γd/
(kN·m-3)
c /
kPa
φ/(°)
1.86 1.73 28 27.33 22.1 63.4 25.8 10.4 2.71 19.43 15.26 17.3 23.3
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饱和红黏土中水平矩形锚板上拔承载特性试验研究
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罗广 1, 2 , 胡伟 1, 2, * , 杜弘毅 2 , 王辉 2 , 张翰林 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(7): 2897-2903
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(7): 2897-2903
饱和红黏土中水平矩形锚板上拔承载特性试验研究
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罗广1, 2 , 胡伟1, 2, * , 杜弘毅2, 王辉2, 张翰林2
作者信息
  • 1 湖南科技大学, 岩土工程稳定控制与健康监测湖南省重点实验室, 湘潭 411201
  • 2 湖南科技大学土木工程学院, 湘潭 411201
  • 罗广(2000—),男,汉族,湖南湘潭人,硕士研究生。研究方向:地基基础与隧道工程。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 胡伟(1982—),男,汉族,湖北松滋人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向:地基与基础工程。E-mail:
Experimental Study on Uplift Capacity of Horizontal Rectangular Anchor Plate in Saturated Red Clay
Guang LUO1, 2 , Wei HU1, 2, * , Hong-yi DU2, Hui WANG2, Han-lin ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • 1 Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Engineering Stability Control and Health Monitoring, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
  • 2 School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
出版时间: 2025-03-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402777
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针对红黏土地基中水平矩形锚板上拔承载特性,通过自制的可视化拉拔模型试验系统,结合数字照相测量技术,开展了饱和红黏土地基中水平矩形锚板的竖向拉拔模型试验。结果表明:锚周土体滑动面随埋深比的变化呈现不同形态,但初始角并不随埋深比发生变化。荷载位移曲线一般具有较明显的峰值特征,但随着埋深比的增大,该特征逐渐减弱;埋深比相同时,长宽比越小,锚板承载的三维特性越显著,曲线的峰值特征也越明显。承载力系数随着埋深比的增加呈增大趋势,但不同长宽比下的规律有所差别;承载力系数随长宽比的增加呈减小趋势,且不同埋深比下的变化规律较为一致。结论:对于试验红黏土,至少在埋深比4的范围内,锚板可归为浅埋型,埋深比大于8的情况则已属于深埋型。同等条件下,受黏聚力和剪胀性的影响,锚板抗拔承载力系数在红黏土地基中的数值介于松砂地基和密砂地基之间。

矩形锚板  /  红黏土  /  长宽比  /  埋深比  /  滑动面  /  极限承载力

According to the drawing load characteristics of horizontal rectangular anchor plate in red clay foundation, the vertical drawing model test of horizontal rectangular anchor plate in saturated red clay foundation is carried out by using a self-made visual drawing model test system combined with digital photographic measurement technology. The results show that the sliding surface of soil around the anchor shows different shapes with the change of buried depth ratio, but the initial Angle does not change with the change of buried depth ratio. The load displacement curve generally has obvious peak characteristics, but with the increase of the buried depth ratio, the characteristics gradually weaken. When the buried depth ratio is the same, the smaller the length-width ratio is, the more obvious the three-dimensional bearing characteristics of the anchor plate and the peak characteristics of the curve are. The bearing capacity coefficient increases with the increase of buried depth ratio, but the law is different under different aspect ratio. The bearing capacity coefficient decreases with the increase of length-width ratio, and the change law is consistent under different buried depth ratio. Conclusion: For test red clay, the anchor plate can be classified as shallow buried type at least within the range of buried depth ratio 4, and deep buried type if the buried depth ratio is greater than 8. Under the same conditions, under the influence of cohesion and dilatancy, the tensile strength coefficient of anchor plate in red clay foundation is between loose sand foundation and dense sand foundation.

rectangular anchor plate  /  red clay  /  length-width ratio  /  burying depth ratio  /  sliding surface  /  ultimate uplift capacity
罗广, 胡伟, 杜弘毅, 王辉, 张翰林. 饱和红黏土中水平矩形锚板上拔承载特性试验研究. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (7) : 2897 -2903 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402777
Guang LUO, Wei HU, Hong-yi DU, Hui WANG, Han-lin ZHANG. Experimental Study on Uplift Capacity of Horizontal Rectangular Anchor Plate in Saturated Red Clay[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (7) : 2897 -2903 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402777
光伏发电、通讯、电力等构筑物基础往往要承受抗拔荷载,锚板则是一类较常见的抗拔基础型式,分析时可简化为受上拔荷载作用的水平锚板,依靠土体重力及其抗剪强度所提供的抗拔承载力来平衡上拔荷载。针对抗拔锚板的研究始于20世纪70年代。Rowe等[1-2]较早在砂土和软黏土中开展了锚板室内模型试验和相应的理论分析,研究中着重考虑了埋深比的影响。Merifield等[3-4]则主要采用数值模拟方法开展研究,针对不同形状锚板(矩形、圆形),考虑锚-土界面摩擦特性等因素,提出了砂土和软黏土中锚板拉拔承载力的计算方法。Dickin等[5]在砂土中开展了模型试验和数值模拟,根据不同埋深比下的变形破坏特点界定了浅埋模式和深埋模式。丁佩民等[6]在不同密实度砂土中开展了上拔试验,据试验结果阐明了砂土密实度、锚板埋深率、锚板的几何形状和上拔倾斜角度对锚板承载能力的影响,并对锚板极限承载力的计算公式进行了评价。史旦达等[7]则采用非接触式数字图像技术对砂土中锚板拉拔的变形特性进行了识别和量化,其结果对理清锚板承载机制提供了更直接的证据。高宇新等[8]采用三维物质点法进行了模拟研究。胡伟等[9-11]针对砂土中不同埋深比的条形、圆形、矩形锚板开展了统一表征的理论分析,推导建立了无需区分埋深类型的承载力统一计算方法。
由此可见,锚板的抗拔承载特性一直是相关研究的热点,既往研究在承载机理,承载特性影响因素和承载力计算方法等方面取得了大量成果,并成功应用于工程实践。但同时也看到,上述研究均在砂土和软黏土中进行,土体强度参数仅有内摩擦角或黏聚力,相较而言,黏性土中锚板问题更加复杂。
中国中南和西南等省份地区广泛分布着红黏土,红黏土是典型的特殊黏性土,但红黏土地基中的抗拔锚板承载问题目前尚无针对性的研究成果,这与当前红黏土地区大量的工程应用需求是不匹配的。
为此,将在饱和红黏土地基中开展不同工况下的水平矩形锚板竖向拉拔模型试验,采用数字照相测量技术识别拉拔过程中锚周土体的变形场,在此基础上开展滑动面特征分析和承载性状变化规律研究,以期为红黏土地区相关工程实践提供依据。
试验装置由自制可视化拉拔模型试验箱、矩形模型锚板、加载系统、压实系统、数据采集系统所组成。试验箱尺寸为50 cm×50 cm×110 cm(长×宽×高),其前侧壁板可进行拆卸,地基土压实时为钢板,拉拔试验时更换为高透明度有机玻璃板,以便进行可视化观测。在试验箱上方架设进水管,形成水头差,通过渗流作用提高地基内部土体饱和速度,底板设置透水孔,上铺透水土工布,防止土颗粒流失,试验箱后侧插入多层土壤参数监测仪用于监测土体含水率变化。模型锚板采用不锈钢制作,厚1 cm,宽3 cm。拉杆长度80 cm,直径8 mm。拉杆在锚板中心处与锚板螺接,另一端焊接一环形挂钩,以便通过钢丝绳与加载装置连接。试验加载系统由加载钢架、地锚、定滑轮、伺服电动缸、驱动控制器、钢丝绳等组成。试验加载通过电动缸缸体收缩施加位移,荷载由钢丝绳传递至拉杆后作用于锚板上。压实系统由千斤顶、加载板和传力钢杆组成,用于制作设定压实度的模型地基。数据采集系统包括S形拉力计(艾德堡HP-3K)、数显位移计(美耐特MNT-150T)和高分辨率数码相机(Nikon D7200)。试验装置如图1所示。
本试验所用红黏土取自湖南省永州市冷东城际快线沿路某场地,依据《土工试验方法标准》(GB/T 50123—2019)[12]、《公路土工试验规程》(JTG 3430—2020)[13],对试验土样进行物理力学指标测试,结果如表1所示。
模型试验地基土压实度取90%,以矩形锚板长宽比和埋深比为变量开展1/4模型试验。模型锚板长度设3、9、15 cm 3种工况,分别对应长宽比为1、3、5,如图2所示。埋深比定义为锚板顶面至地表距离与锚板宽度的比值,设置2、4、8这3种工况。
地基土的配置过程如下:红黏土自然风干后,用橡胶锤敲碎,过2 mm筛,测的含水率。根据模型箱尺寸和不同埋深比试验工况计算所需的风干土质量以及将土样配制最优含水率时所需的加水量。土样加水均匀搅拌后闷料48 h备用。模型地基的制作采用分层压实,每层厚度不大于60 mm,根据配置后土样的实际含水率计算90%压实度下每层填土的质量。在试验箱内均匀摊铺后使用压实系统进行压实,逐层进行。当土层高度达到锚板设定深度时,根据1/4模型试验要求,将模型锚板轻置于试验箱前侧转角处土层上,使其两个侧面紧贴于试验箱的内侧,且短边方向对应有机玻璃板。继续填筑土体直至模型地基达到设计高度。模型地基制作完成后,拆除箱体前侧钢板,之后将彩砂均匀撒在观测面土体上并用橡胶锤轻轻敲击,使其嵌入土体中。前侧安装有机玻璃板,并对其四周用玻璃胶进行密封处理,待玻璃胶凝固后,将土壤含水率探测仪插入试验箱背板预留测孔中,随后打开试验箱顶部进水阀门注水,饱和地基,过程中通过土壤含水率探测仪监测地基土的饱和程度。经测试,地基饱和所需时间大约为一周左右。地基饱和后,连接钢丝绳与拉杆挂钩,并调试加载系统,使钢丝绳在试验前处于绷直状态并确保拉杆、定滑轮组、电动缸在同一竖直平面内。加载过程采用位移控制,加载速率为0.01 mm/s,当位移量累计达到3 cm或荷载位移曲线出现明显的软化或通过有机玻璃板观察到地基土出现贯通型裂缝时,结束加载。高清数码相机架设在距离试验箱正前方约1.5 m处,并与锚板处于同一水平高度。试验开始后每间隔5 s拍摄一张,拍摄区域为锚周土体变形区。
采用图像分析软件PhotoInfor和结果后处理软件PostViewer对试验过程中所拍摄图片进行处理[14],获得与极限承载力对应的锚周土体最大剪应变场。当变形梯度很大时,全域显示变形区间不利于识别土体的变形破坏,本文中设置显示剪应变的最小值和最大值分别为0.01和0.1。顾晓强等[15]认为当最大剪应变γmax≥0.1时,土体进入会形成滑动面的工程破坏的应变范畴(如滑坡),故本文中视γmax=0.1对应的边界为滑动面,据此开展锚板埋深比和长宽比对锚周土体变形破坏的影响分析。
以长宽比L/B=3、埋深比H/B=2、4、8的工况进行代表性分析,极限拉拔时锚周土体最大剪应变场如图3所示。滑动面起始处在锚板边缘,在此处作滑动面曲线的切线,定义该切线与水平方向的夹角为滑动面初始角α0H/B=2时,初始角α0≈67°,滑动面往上延伸至地表,地表处对应的范围约为1.7B,滑动面整体表现为外扩曲线型。H/B=4时,初始角和前种工况保持一致,地表处对应的范围约扩大为3.3B,考虑大埋深比放大了2倍,所以该工况下的滑动面形态几乎是H/B=2工况时的等比例放大(放大系数约为2)。H/B=8时,初始角约为68°,几乎也没有随埋深比发生变化;但滑动面已不再能延伸至地表,而是整体呈现气球状局限于土体内部。滑动面在水平方向滑动面的最大边界范围约为2.7B,竖向的最大高度约为5.7B。综上可知,滑动面的初始角可认为是不随埋深比发生变化的,而仅取决于土体的力学参数。文献[9]中统计分析砂土中滑动面初始角的取值后建议对于松砂,取α0=π/2-φ/2;中密砂中取α0=π/2-3φ/4;密砂中取α0=π/2-φ。本次试验用红黏土内摩擦角φ=23.3°,上述试验获得初始角值与α0=π/2-φ计算值接近,但这并不意味着黏性土中滑动面初始角可以用此公式进行计算。如对于软黏土,φ=0,意味着滑动面是从锚板边缘竖直向上,但这和Jagdish 等[16]的数值模拟结果并不一致,说明黏性土中锚板拉拔破坏滑动面的初始角还应受到黏聚力的影响,但当前尚未见相关成果报道,有待进一步开展研究。此外,因滑动面形态表现出完全不同的形态,故对于本次试验所用的红黏土地基,至少在H/B≤4范围内,锚板类型可划分为浅埋型,而对于H/B≥8的情况,则可归为深埋型。
理论上,由于试验中的拍摄面为对称面,该面上的土体变形是不受锚板长度影响的,但由于试验中必然存在误差,其大小程度尚需根据试验结果来加以评价,分析其是否在允许范围内,从而确保试验的可靠性。以埋深比H/B=4,长宽比L/B=1、3、5的工况开展代表性分析,锚周最大剪应变场为图4所示。从图4中可以看出,虽然当L/B=1和L/B=5时,滑动面形态不如L/B=3光滑,但总体上是一致的,以一定的初始角度往上延伸至地表,呈外扩曲线型态,关键指标参数均保持一致,初始角约为67°,地表处对应的范围约为3.3B。这说明本次试验的误差是可控的,试验数据有效。
据试验过程采集数据绘制不同工况下锚板竖向拉拔荷载-位移曲线如图5所示。整体来看,曲线一般具有较明显的峰值特性,即随着拉拔位移的增大,荷载先非线性增大到一峰值,随后逐渐减小并趋于稳定。抗拔承载力主要由锚板上部土体自重和滑动面上土体的抗剪能力来提供,前者在滑动面的形成过程中是逐渐增大的,直至滑动面完全贯通,而后将保持不变;后者的发挥则有所不同,随着滑动面往上延伸,起始处(锚板边缘)将发生开裂;裂缝一旦产生,则该段滑动面土体的抗剪能力将大幅降低甚至消失。故当拉拔破坏后,土体自重对承载力的贡献占据主导,承载力大小趋于稳定。
图6所示为H/B=4、L/B=5工况不同拉拔位移下滑动面的开裂情况。位移约为11 mm时,锚板边缘处小范围内土体出现肉眼可见的裂缝,对应荷载位移曲线上荷载增长速率减小。位移约为13 mm时,裂缝已延伸至接近地表,但尚未完全贯通,荷载此时已接近峰值。位移约为20 mm时,裂缝已完全贯通,裂缝宽度达到2 mm左右,此时荷载相较于峰值时已有很明显的下降,后续拉拔荷载变化较小。另外,随着埋深比的增大,曲线的峰值特性是趋于不明显的。如H/B=8、L/B=5工况,在本次试验拉拔位移行程内,其荷载位移曲线已呈现出硬化型。埋深比相同时,长宽比越小,峰值特性越显著,这也间接说明矩形锚板的拉拔具有典型的三维特征,长宽比越小,则锚板在宽度对应方向的剪切效应越强,对承载性状的影响也就越大。
据荷载-位移曲线取锚板极限承载力Qu,确定取值标准如下:若曲线存在峰值,则取峰值作为极限承载力;若没有峰值,则取最大值,即拉拔位移30 mm对应的荷载值。根据Bradshaw等[17]的研究,通过无量纲化处理可将1 g模型试验的尺寸效应减小到最低。基于此,定义抗拔承载力系数为
${N}_{r}=\frac{{Q}_{u}}{\gamma AH}$
式(1)中:Nr为抗拔承载力系数;γ为锚板以上土体重度;A为锚板面积。
绘制抗拔承载力系数Nr随埋深比的变化曲线如图7所示。随着埋深比的增大,Nr呈增大趋势;但不同长宽比时,其增大规律并不一致。长宽比为1时,Nr在埋深比在2~4之间迅速增大,但在4~8之间则增长趋缓;而长宽比为3和5时,Nr的增大变化相近,在试验埋深比范围内几乎随埋深比线性增大;埋深比相同时,长宽比越大,Nr数值越小,意味着当长宽比超过3以后,通过增大长宽比来提高承载力系数的效率已不大明显,这跟大长宽比矩形锚板的三维效应减弱有关,表明工程中使用方形锚板的效率是最高的。Nr随长宽比的变化曲线如图8所示。随着长宽比的增大,Nr呈减小趋势,且在不同埋深比下,其变化规律较为一致。在长宽比为1~3,Nr随埋深比的增大以较大的速率减小,而在长宽比为3~5之间则变化已不明显,两者的承载力系数数值相差最大在15%以内,这说明对于红黏土地基中长宽比超过3的锚板,按照条形锚板来近似计算抗拔承载力,其误差应在可接受范围内。
为进一步研究红黏土中水平锚板抗拔承载性状,以下分析抗拔承载力系数随埋深比的变化规律。由于目前仅收集到在砂土和纯黏土中的模型实验数据,而既往研究对于纯黏土中锚板抗拔承载力系数的定义并非采用式(1),故图9中只进行和砂土的对比。图中红色、黑色和蓝色标识数据点分别对应本次模型试验、砂土中条形锚板试验和砂土中圆形锚板试验。从图9可知,无论是松砂还是密砂,对于条形板,不同模型试验研究所得承载力系数数值和变化规律都较为接近,随埋深比的增大几乎呈显现增大趋势。圆形锚板承载力系数在松砂中的数值和变化规律与条形锚板接近,但在密砂中则有显著差异,数值要明显偏大。如H/B=2时,松砂中条形或圆形锚板的承载力系数一般在2~6.7之间,平均值约为4,而史旦达[7]的试验结果显示,密砂中圆形锚板的承载力系数已经达到16.5,是前者平均值的4倍之多。当H/B=4时,前者范围在3.2~8.1之间,后者在史旦达[7]和张昕[18]的试验中分别达到了23和18.7,平均值是前者的3.3倍。当H/B=8时,后者平均值已达到前者的6.7倍。可见,相较于松砂中条形或圆形锚板承载力系数随埋深比的缓慢增长,密砂中圆形锚板承载力系数随埋深比增长速率要快得多。其原因主要在于两方面, 一是密砂中土颗粒咬合紧,受剪切时颗粒间会发生错动、翻滚、转动、提升、拔出,导致土颗粒之间孔隙体积会增大,剪胀的结果是使颗粒从低势能状态变为高势能状态,要消耗额外能量,有助于提高锚板的抗拔承载力。二是相较于条形锚板,圆形锚板承载具有明显的三维特性,尤其是在密砂中,土体的剪胀性和承载三维特性产生叠加效应,使得承载力系数要大于密砂中的条形锚板,更远大于松砂中的条形锚板。
试验表明,对于红黏土中的方形锚板(L/B=1),当埋深比在2~4,承载力系数的数值有显著增长,且在数值上要远大于砂土中的对应工况,如H/B=2时,Nr就已超过了26;H/B=4时,Nr=42.9;但在4~8,增长则不明显。这种变化规律对于矩形锚板(L/B=3和L/B=5工况),同样如此,只不过对后两者,两个区间增长速率的差异明显较小。当H/B=8时,红黏土中的承载系数在30~45,这已明显小于密砂中圆形锚板,但仍远大于松砂中的工况。上述规律特征表明,红黏土中锚板承载力系数随埋深比的变化无论是在数值还是在规律上都与砂土中的情况差异显著,这显然与土体的黏聚力有直接关系,当埋深比较浅时,由于黏聚力的存在,相同埋深比工况下,黏性土抗剪强度提供的承载力要明显大于具有相同内摩擦角砂土所能提供的承载力;当埋深比较大时,由于密砂具有很强的剪胀性,锚周土体中滑动面范围更大,意味着更多土体参与了抵抗拉拔荷载,故抗拔承载力反而超过了红黏土中的锚板。松砂的剪胀性很弱,故由于剪胀性所导致的承载性能变化与红黏土中锚板差异不大,但仍由于土体黏聚力的存在,使得后者中锚板的承载力系数要远大于前者。
本文在饱和红黏土地基中开展了水平矩形锚板竖向拉拔模型试验,分析了锚周土体滑动面特征和锚板承载性状变化规律,主要获得了以下结论。
(1)锚周土体滑动面随埋深比的变化呈现出不同形态,对于本次试验所用红黏土,至少在H/B≤4的范围内,锚板可划分为浅埋型,而对于H/B≥8的情况,则可归为深埋型。
(2)滑动面的初始角度不随埋深比发生变化。相同埋深比,不同长宽比下,滑动面的形态基本一致,形态指标参数相当,说明本次试验误差是可控的。
(3)荷载位移曲线一般具有较明显的峰值特征,但随着埋深比的增大,该特征逐渐减弱;埋深比相同时,长宽比越小,锚板承载的三维特性越显著,曲线的峰值特征也越明显。
(4)承载力系数Nr随着埋深比的增加呈增大趋势,但不同长宽比下的增大规律有所差别;承载力系数Nr随着长宽比的增加呈减小趋势,且不同埋深比下的变化规律较为一致。
(5)红黏土中锚板承载力系数随埋深比的变化无论是在数值还是在规律上都与砂土中的情况差异显著,这与土体的黏聚力和剪胀角直接相关。
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2025年第25卷第7期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402777
  • 接收时间:2024-04-17
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
  • 出版时间:2025-03-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-17
  • 修回日期:2024-07-30
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国家自然科学基金(52178332)
作者信息
    1 湖南科技大学, 岩土工程稳定控制与健康监测湖南省重点实验室, 湘潭 411201
    2 湖南科技大学土木工程学院, 湘潭 411201

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* 胡伟(1982—),男,汉族,湖北松滋人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向:地基与基础工程。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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