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For the group decision-making based on generalized grey target with mixed attributes, a group information aggregation method based on an improved power-weighted averaging operator was proposed. This method takes into account the interrelationships among decision-makers and among attributes, reducing the distortion of uncertain information and simplifying the computational process. First, the mixed attribute data are uniformly measured and transformed. Then, the comprehensive weighted G-S(Gini-Simpson) index was calculated by evaluating each expert’s values relative to the target centers of all experts, to determine the objective weight of experts. Next, the differences among experts are further calculated by the comprehensive weighted G-S index. Finally, a novel information aggregation method was constructed based on the proposed improved power-weighted averaging operator to aggregate group decision-making information with mixed attributes. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are verified by a case analysis.

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针对群体混合属性广义灰靶决策,提出一种基于改进幂加权平均算子的群体信息集结方法。该方法综合考虑了群体各决策者及各属性之间的相互关系,在减少不确定信息失真的同时简化计算过程。首先对混合属性数据进行统一度量转化;其次计算专家评价值与各专家靶心的综合加权Gini-Simpson指数(G-S指数),以确定各专家的客观权重;然后通过综合加权G-S指数进一步计算专家之间的差异性;最后基于改进幂加权平均算子,构建一种新的信息集结方法对混合属性群体决策信息进行集结。实例分析验证了所提出方法的有效性和可行性。

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马金山(1977—),男,汉族,河南登封人,博士,副教授。研究方向:决策理论与方法、安全管理和低碳经济。E-mail:

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自然科学总论群体混合属性广义灰靶决策中的信息集结方法
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马金山 1, 2 , 朱宏亮 1 , 袁智琦 3
科学技术与工程 | 论文·自然科学总论 2025,25(22): 9241-9248
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·自然科学总论 2025, 25(22): 9241-9248
自然科学总论群体混合属性广义灰靶决策中的信息集结方法
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马金山1, 2 , 朱宏亮1, 袁智琦3
作者信息
  • 1 河南理工大学工商管理学院能源经济研究中心, 焦作 454003
  • 2 河南理工大学太行发展研究院, 焦作 454003
  • 3 杭氧集团股份有限公司项目工程部, 杭州 310000
  • 马金山(1977—),男,汉族,河南登封人,博士,副教授。研究方向:决策理论与方法、安全管理和低碳经济。E-mail:

Information Aggregation Methods for Group Decision-making Based on Generalized Grey Target with Mixed Attributes
Jin-shan MA1, 2 , Hong-liang ZHU1, Zhi-qi YUAN3
Affiliations
  • 1 Research Center for Energy Economics, School of Business Administration, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
  • 2 Taihang Development Research Institute, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
  • 3 Project Engineering Department, Hangyang Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310000, China
出版时间: 2025-08-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406001
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针对群体混合属性广义灰靶决策,提出一种基于改进幂加权平均算子的群体信息集结方法。该方法综合考虑了群体各决策者及各属性之间的相互关系,在减少不确定信息失真的同时简化计算过程。首先对混合属性数据进行统一度量转化;其次计算专家评价值与各专家靶心的综合加权Gini-Simpson指数(G-S指数),以确定各专家的客观权重;然后通过综合加权G-S指数进一步计算专家之间的差异性;最后基于改进幂加权平均算子,构建一种新的信息集结方法对混合属性群体决策信息进行集结。实例分析验证了所提出方法的有效性和可行性。

群体决策  /  广义灰靶决策方法  /  信息集结  /  混合属性  /  改进幂加权平均算子

For the group decision-making based on generalized grey target with mixed attributes, a group information aggregation method based on an improved power-weighted averaging operator was proposed. This method takes into account the interrelationships among decision-makers and among attributes, reducing the distortion of uncertain information and simplifying the computational process. First, the mixed attribute data are uniformly measured and transformed. Then, the comprehensive weighted G-S(Gini-Simpson) index was calculated by evaluating each expert’s values relative to the target centers of all experts, to determine the objective weight of experts. Next, the differences among experts are further calculated by the comprehensive weighted G-S index. Finally, a novel information aggregation method was constructed based on the proposed improved power-weighted averaging operator to aggregate group decision-making information with mixed attributes. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are verified by a case analysis.

group decision-making  /  generalized grey target decision-making method  /  information aggregation  /  mixed attribute  /  improved power-weighted averaging operator
马金山, 朱宏亮, 袁智琦. 自然科学总论群体混合属性广义灰靶决策中的信息集结方法. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (22) : 9241 -9248 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406001
Jin-shan MA, Hong-liang ZHU, Zhi-qi YUAN. Information Aggregation Methods for Group Decision-making Based on Generalized Grey Target with Mixed Attributes[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (22) : 9241 -9248 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406001
随着社会经济的快速发展,决策问题变得日益复杂,信息量的快速增长进一步增强了人们对群体意见的依赖性,使得群体决策问题成为多属性决策中的重要研究方向[1-2]。在实际问题中,决策信息呈现出数据类型多样化的趋势,特别是在涉及确定与不确定的混合多属性指标时,决策问题的复杂性进一步提升。灰靶决策可以有效解决“贫信息、少数据”的决策问题,被广泛应用于多领域决策分析中[3]。混合属性广义灰靶决策方法[4]通过改进传统灰靶决策的计算过程,有效减少不确定数据的信息失真,使得决策过程更加简便、决策结果更加准确。混合属性广义灰靶决策方法在处理混合多属性决策问题上具有一定的优越性,基于混合属性广义灰靶决策解决群体决策问题,具有重要的研究价值。
在群体混合属性广义灰靶决策中,信息集结是核心步骤。直接对群体成员所提供的评价信息进行分析和处理往往难以达成有效的决策结果,采用适当的集结方法整合这些个体评价信息显得尤为重要。目前众多学者通过使用信息集结算子对群体信息进行集结,如算术平均算子、几何平均算子、有序加权平均算子和幂平均算子等。其中,算术和几何平均算子因计算简单被广泛应用,但未充分考虑属性间的相互关系,难以反映集结结果中的细微差异;幂平均算子[5]则在信息集结过程中考虑到各属性之间的相互关系,但计算过程相对复杂。为此,研究者针对特定情境对传统集结算子进行了多种改进,以增强其适用性。Jin等[6]利用有序加权平均算子可以灵活有效处理两极偏好的特点,提出了几种不同决策场景下的基本不确定信息向量偏好的集结方法。Garg等[7]以集对分析中的联系数对直觉模糊数据的确定性与不确定性进行统一,提出一系列基于联系数的幂几何集结算子。刘红彬等[8]基于三角模糊数幂平均算子和三角模糊数幂有序加权平均算子,研究了决策信息以三角模糊数互补判断矩阵形式给出的群决策方法。李艳虹等[9]提出一种改进的基于矩阵相似性的幂加权平均算子,并给出基于矩阵相似性的异构群体互补判断矩阵偏好信息的集结方法。Chen[10]定义两个新的犹豫模糊幂加权集结算子,简化新算子计算的同时探索其性质,并应用于基于社交网络的犹豫模糊多属性群决策问题中。丁恒等[11]将幂加权平均算子应用于毕达哥拉斯模糊数据环境,提出基于毕达哥拉斯模糊幂加权平均算子的群决策方法。
在群决策信息集结过程中,决策者权重扮演着重要的角色。合理的决策者权重分配有助于平衡不同观点,减少偏见与冲突,是保证群决策过程高效、公正且富有成效的关键。Liu等[12]基于区间灰数偏离度的灰色关联分析模型来度量决策信息的关联度,从而确定决策者的权重。禹春霞等[13]基于专家共识最大化原则,根据专家对决策单元属性的评价信息构建非线性规划模型求解专家权重,并根据专家对决策单元属性评价信息的变化调整专家权重。张毅等[14]通过探究个体与群体决策结果的相似性,构建基于理想相似度的心理认知场模型,并运用数据势理论量化决策者心理状态,获取决策者权重。
现有研究通常只针对特定数据类型,难以满足确定与不确定混合数据的群体信息集结需求,且在决策者权重确定方面也主要针对单一数据类型或特定场景。此外多数研究者对偏好信息进行处理,依赖决策者的主观判断,缺少原始决策数据所具有的客观性与可靠性。有关混合属性原始决策信息的群决策相关问题研究相对较少。
综上所述,在群体混合属性广义灰靶决策背景下,现提出一种新的混合属性群体信息集结方法。通过计算评价值与各靶心的综合加权Gini-Simpson指数,确定专家客观权重,减少主观偏好的影响。鉴于幂加权平均算子被广泛应用于多种群决策问题中,对幂加权平均算子加以改进,使用改进的幂加权平均算子对群体信息进行集结,充分考虑属性间的支撑关系以及专家间的关联性。相较于现有方法,所提方法在保留混合属性数据不确定性、减少信息失真的基础上,提高信息集结的准确性与可靠性,为混合多属性群决策问题提供新的解决思路。
将混合属性广义灰靶决策中的单一决策扩展为群体决策,形成新的群体决策方法,即群体混合属性广义灰靶决策方法。该方法兼具广义灰靶决策和群体决策的特点,在处理含有混合属性指标值的群体决策问题上更加高效准确。
群体混合属性广义灰靶决策方法首先需要对原始混合属性指标进行统一转化处理,以确保决策的合理性并简化后续计算。
群体混合属性广义灰靶决策的数据类型包括确定实数与不确定数。不确定数有区间数、三角模糊数、梯形模糊数、语言模糊数等多种类型[4],三角模糊数、梯形模糊数又可统称为多参数区间数。本研究中的不确定数主要是指区间数及多参数区间数。区间数能够直观反映评价的范围及其内在的不确定性,区间数又可以转化为集对分析中的二元联系数。下面给出区间数及其扩展的多参数区间数和均值-偏差值二元联系数的定义。
定义1 区间数及多参数区间数[15]。若以R代表实数域,对于一个不确定数,当其取值位于实数xLxU之间,则称其为区间数$\dot{x},$可表示为$[{x}_{\mathrm{L}},{x}_{\mathrm{U}}],$其中xLxU分别为$\dot{x}$的下限、上限值,且${x}_{\mathrm{L}}、{x}_{\mathrm{U}}$满足$0<{x}_{\mathrm{L}}<{x}_{\mathrm{U}}\in \mathrm{R}$[16]。对于一个区间数,当其实际取值有更大可能处于其下限和上限值之间的某一或某些特定值时,可将其拓展为多参数区间数(或n参数区间数),表示为$[{x}_{1},{x}_{2},\dots,{x}_{s},\dots {x}_{n}],$其中参数xs满足$0<{x}_{1}<{x}_{2}<\dots <{x}_{s}<\dots <{x}_{n}\in \mathrm{R},$xL=x1xU=xn为其下限、上限值。
定义2 均值-偏差值二元联系数[15]。对于多参数区间数$\dot{x}$$n(n\ge 2)$个参数xs,其样本均值和样本偏差值分别为$\stackrel{-}{x}$v,
$\stackrel{-}{x}=\frac{1}{n}\stackrel{n}{\sum _{s=1}}{x}_{s}$
$\mathrm{\sigma }=\sqrt{\frac{1}{n-1}\stackrel{n}{\sum _{s=1}}({x}_{s}{-\stackrel{-}{x})}^{2}}$
$\psi =\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}(\left|{x}_{\mathrm{L}}-\stackrel{-}{x}\right|,\left|{x}_{\mathrm{U}}-\stackrel{-}{x}\right|)$
$v=\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}(\sigma,\psi )$
则称式(5)为n参数区间数$\dot{x}$的均值-偏差值二元联系数。
$u(\stackrel{-}{x},v)=A+Bi=\stackrel{-}{x}+vi, i\in [-\mathrm{1,1}]$
式(5)中:$\stackrel{-}{x}$n个参数的均值作为$\dot{x}$的相对确定性的测度;vn个参数的最小偏差值,作为其不确定性的测度;i为一个变动的项,无需考虑其具体取值。当数据类型为确定实数时,$\stackrel{-}{x}$为该确定实数本身,v为0。
在二元联系数$u(\stackrel{-}{x},v)$中,可将$\stackrel{-}{x}$v之间的相互作用映射到基于集对分析(set pair analysis,SPA)的二维确定-不确定空间(D-U空间)中的微小向量,表示为$(\stackrel{-}{x},v)。$微小向量中的$\stackrel{-}{x}$为确定性度量,v为不确定性度量。
通过上述转化方法,不仅统一了不确定数据的确定性与不确定性,还将各不同类型评价数据转化为统一度量的二元联系数。该方法通过保留不确定数据的原始特性,统一度量不同类型数据,从而简化后续的分析与计算过程。在此基础上进行群体决策分析,依据广义靶心距对各决策方案进行比选,得出群体决策结果。
群体混合属性广义灰靶决策方法的决策要素有决策方案集F、属性集Q、专家集e、各决策者给出的决策指标矩阵S、决策方案指标的属性权重W、各决策专家的权重η、综合集成方法、各属性的靶心以及广义靶心距等。
群体混合属性广义灰靶决策的主要思想是对群体决策信息进行集成处理,转化成单一决策问题,进而采用混合属性广义灰靶决策方法进行方案的比选,得出决策结果。决策流程如图1所示。基本决策步骤如下。
步骤1 获取各专家各方案的评价值矩阵。
步骤2 将各专家各方案混合属性评价指标值转化为二元联系数形式,并进行归一化处理。
步骤3 确定各专家各指标的目标靶心,并对其进行归一化处理。
步骤4 对各专家决策意见进行一致性分析,并进行适当调整,以实现群体一致。
步骤5 考虑专家权重,采用信息集结算子对各专家决策意见进行信息集结,得出单一决策矩阵。
步骤6 计算单一决策矩阵中各方案的广义靶心距,得出群体决策方案排序结果。
群体混合属性广义灰靶决策中所提到的不确定数均以区间数及其扩展的多参数区间数表示,运用集对分析中的二元联系数,将群体混合属性评价值转化为统一度量是重点。在群体决策中,选择适当的群体信息集结方法对群体专家混合属性决策方案指标值进行集结,以保留更多原始信息并更准确反映群体意见。在信息集结过程中,各专家权重取值的不同将对集结结果产生较大影响,如何根据各专家原始评价数据确定各专家客观权重也是其重点。
现有一群体决策问题,其中方案集为$F=\{{F}_{1},{F}_{2},\dots,{F}_{m}\},$属性集为$Q=\{{Q}_{1},{Q}_{2},\dots,{Q}_{n}\},$t名专家构成的专家集为$e=\{{e}_{1},{e}_{2},\dots,{e}_{t}\}。$专家ek的方案Fi在属性Qj上的指标值为${s}_{ij}^{k},其中i=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,m;j=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,n;k=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,t。$其中决策方案指标值数据类型分别为实数、区间数及多参数区间数等类型,各专家给出各自的评价矩阵为${S}^{k},其中k=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,t,$赋予各属性权重为$W=({\omega }_{1},{\omega }_{2},\dots,{\omega }_{n})。$对该群体决策问题进行信息集结。
定义3 幂平均(power average,PA)算子[5]。现有一个非负数集合$A=\{{a}_{1},{a}_{2},\dots,{a}_{n}\},$其幂平均算子(PA)为
${P}_{\mathrm{A}}({a}_{1},{a}_{2},\dots,{a}_{n})=\frac{\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}[1+T({a}_{i}\left)\right]{a}_{i}}{\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}[1+T({a}_{i}\left)\right]}$
式(6)中:
$\mathrm{T}\left({a}_{i}\right)=\stackrel{n}{\sum _{j=1,j\ne i}}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{p}({a}_{i},{a}_{j})$
式(7)中:sup(ai,aj)为aiaj的支撑度,可以表示aiaj之间的相似性,即$\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{p}({a}_{i},{a}_{j})$越大,aiaj之间的相似程度越高。
$\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{p}({a}_{i},{a}_{j})$有3个性质:①$\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{p}({a}_{i},{a}_{j})\in \left[\mathrm{0,1}\right]$;②$\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{p}({a}_{i},{a}_{j})=\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{p}({a}_{j},{a}_{i})$;③若$|{a}_{i}-{a}_{j}|\le |\mathrm{x}-\mathrm{y}|,$则sup(ai,aj)≥sup(x,y)。
定义4 综合加权Gini-Simpson指数[15]。假设$S=\left[\right({x}_{1},{y}_{1}),({x}_{2},{y}_{2}),\dots,({x}_{n},{y}_{n}{\left)\right]}^{\mathrm{T}}$是某个决策方案(确定,不确定)二元组数的微小向量组,$E=\left[\right({p}_{1},{q}_{1}),({p}_{2},{q}_{2}),\dots,({p}_{n},{q}_{n}{\left)\right]}^{\mathrm{T}}$为各属性靶心的(确定,不确定)二元组数的微小向量组,其中${x}_{j}、{y}_{j}、{p}_{j}、{q}_{j}\ge 0。({x}_{j},{y}_{j})$(pj,qj)分别是SE在同一属性下两个规范化的二元组数。各属性权重向量为$W=({\omega }_{1},{\omega }_{2},\dots,{\omega }_{n}{)}^{\mathrm{T}}。$则向量S和向量E的综合加权Gini-Simpson指数为
$\begin{array}{l}\mathrm{G}(\mathrm{S},\mathrm{E})=\stackrel{n}{\sum _{j=1}}{\omega }_{j}{x}_{j}\left|{x}_{j}-{p}_{j}\right|+\stackrel{n}{\sum _{j=1}}{\omega }_{j}{y}_{j}\left|{y}_{j}-{q}_{j}\right|\\ =\stackrel{n}{\sum _{j=1}}{\omega }_{j}({x}_{j}\left|{x}_{j}-{p}_{j}\right|+{y}_{j}\left|{y}_{j}-{q}_{j}\right|)\end{array}$
综合加权G-S指数在一定程度上可以表示各决策方案指标与靶心指标的相似性程度。该值越小,两者之间的差异性越小,相似性程度越高。
首先将各评价数据转化为二元向量组形式,确定各专家靶心,并进行归一化处理;然后计算单个专家评价值与各专家目标靶心的综合加权Gini-Simpson指数,从而确定专家客观权重;通过所得综合加权G-S指数可进一步得出各专家之间的差异性;最后提出改进的幂加权平均算子,对群体信息进行集结。混合属性群体信息集结流程图如图2所示。
采用式(1)~式(5)可将各专家评价指标值转化为二元联系数形式:${U}_{ij}^{k}={A}_{ij}^{k}+{B}_{ij}^{k}i,其中i=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,m;j=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,n;k=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,t;$即确定各方案的二元组数$({A}_{ij}^{k},{B}_{ij}^{k})。$
然后,通过式(9)~式(11)获取各决策专家各属性下的靶心二元联系数,构成靶心二元组数$({C}_{j}^{Ak},{C}_{j}^{Bk})。$
${C}_{j}^{k}={C}_{j}^{Ak}+{C}_{j}^{Bk}i, j=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,n;k=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,t$
$\begin{cases}C_j^{Ak} & = & \max(A_{ij}^k) \\C_j^{Bk} & = & \min(B_{ij}^k) & \end{cases},U_{ij}^k\in J^+$
$\begin{cases}C_j^{Ak} & = & \min(A_{ij}^k) \\C_j^{Bk} & = & \min(B_{ij}^k) & \end{cases},U_{ij}^k\in J^-$
各决策专家靶心的二元组数由确定项${C}_{j}^{Ak}$和不确定项${C}_{j}^{Bk}$组成。当属性为效益型指标J+时,选择该属性下各备选方案确定项的最大值与不确定项的最小值组成该属性的目标靶心;若为成本型指标J-,则同时选取确定项与不确定项的最小值组成目标靶心。
依次使用式(12)和式(13)对各决策方案及靶心的二元组数进行归一化处理,以构建规范化二元组数向量${{U}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}}^{k}}^{\mathrm{*}}=({x}_{ij}^{Ak},{x}_{ij}^{Bk}),其中i=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,m;j=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,n;k=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,t。$
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{a}_{ij}^{k}=\frac{{A}_{ij}^{k}}{{A}_{ij}^{k}+{B}_{ij}^{k}}\\ {b}_{ij}^{k}=\frac{{B}_{ij}^{k}}{{A}_{ij}^{k}+{B}_{ij}^{k}}\end{array}\right.$
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{x}_{ij}^{Ak}=\frac{{a}_{ij}^{k}}{\stackrel{m}{\sum _{i=1}}{a}_{ij}^{k}}\\ {x}_{ij}^{Bk}=\frac{{b}_{ij}^{k}}{\stackrel{m}{\sum _{i=1}}{b}_{ij}^{k}}\end{array}\right.$
式中:${a}_{ij}^{k}$${b}_{ij}^{k}$分别为同一属性下归一化后二元组数的确定项和不确定项;${x}_{ij}^{Ak}$${x}_{ij}^{Bk}$分别为二元组数再一次归一化后的确定项和不确定项,再次归一化的目的是使各属性之间数据具有可比性。
需要注意的是,若数据类型为确定实数,无需进行式(12)的归一化操作,只需对其确定项进行式(13)归一化操作即可。
通过综合加权Gini-Simpson指数,可计算得出各专家评价矩阵与各专家靶心之间的综合加权G-S指数,构成G-S指数值矩阵${D}^{k},其中k=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,t。$矩阵Dk中元素${d}_{i\times k\text{'}}^{k}$表示专家ek的方案Fi与专家ek'靶心的综合加权G-S指数,其中i=1,2,…,m;k'=1,2,…,t
把第k位专家的各方案与第k'位专家靶心的综合加权G-S指数进行累加,得出的值称为专家k与专家k'靶心的关系数,记为${G}_{k\text{'}}^{k},其中k=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,t;k\text{'}=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,t。$计算公式为
${G}_{k\text{'}}^{k}=\stackrel{m}{\sum _{i=1}}{d}_{ik\text{'}}^{k}, i=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,m$
利用所得关系数并结合式(15)可计算各专家客观权重${\eta }_{k}。$
${\eta }_{k}=\frac{\mathrm{T}{}^{k}}{\stackrel{t}{\sum _{k=1}}T{}^{k}}$
式(15)中:$\mathrm{T}{}^{k}=\mathrm{t}\left[max\right({G}_{k\text{'}}^{k})+min({G}_{k\text{'}}^{k}\left)\right]-\stackrel{t}{\sum _{k\text{'}=1}}{G}_{k\text{'}}^{k}。$
专家与各专家靶心关系数${G}_{k\text{'}}^{k}$越大,表示专家与各专家之间距离越远,应当赋予越小的权重,故定义${T}^{k}=\mathrm{t}\left[max\right({G}_{k\text{'}}^{k})+min({G}_{k\text{'}}^{k}\left)\right]-\stackrel{t}{\sum _{k\text{'}=1}}{G}_{k\text{'}}^{k},$Tk恒为正数。
由式(14)得出的关系数进一步计算各专家之间的差异性,计算方法为
${G}_{(i,j)}=\frac{{G}_{j}^{i}+{G}_{i}^{j}}{2\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}\left({G}_{k\text{'}}^{k}\right)}$
式(16)中:G(i,j)为第i位专家与第j位专家评价信息之间的差异性,其中$i\ne j。$
同时G(i,j)满足如下属性:①G(i,j)越大,表示专家i与专家j两者评价意见之间的差异性就越大;$②{G}_{(i,j)}\in \left[\mathrm{0,1}\right]$;③G(i,j)=G(j,i)
定义5 改进幂加权平均(improved weighted power averaging,IWPA)算子。一个非负数集合$A=\{{a}_{1},{a}_{2},\dots,{a}_{n}\},$各元素ai的权重${\eta }_{i}$已知,对该集合元素进行集结,其改进幂加权平均算子(IWPA)为
$IWPA({a}_{1},{a}_{2},\dots,{a}_{n})=\frac{\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}{\eta }_{i}[1+T({a}_{i}\left)\right]{a}_{i}}{\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}{\eta }_{i}[1+T({a}_{i}\left)\right]}$
式(17)中:
$\mathrm{T}\left({a}_{i}\right)=\stackrel{n}{\sum _{j=1,j\ne i}}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{p}({a}_{i},{a}_{j})$
式(18)中:sup(ai,aj)=1-G(i,j)
对于确定实数,使用式(17)直接对各元素进行集结;对于区间数及多参数区间数,对各专家同一方案同一属性下的决策信息参数xs进行集结,再将集结后的参数重新构成区间数或多参数区间数,即可得出集结后的综合决策信息。如区间数的改进幂加权平均算子如式(19)所示,同理可得多参数区间数的IWPA集结方法。
$\begin{array}{l}\mathrm{I}\mathrm{W}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{A}\left[\right({x}_{\mathrm{L}}^{1},{x}_{\mathrm{U}}^{1}),({x}_{\mathrm{L}}^{2},{x}_{\mathrm{U}}^{2}),\dots,({x}_{\mathrm{L}}^{n},{x}_{\mathrm{U}}^{n}\left)\right]=\\ \left[\frac{\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}{\eta }_{i}[1+T({e}_{i}\left)\right]{x}_{L}^{i}}{\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}{\eta }_{i}[1+T({e}_{i}\left)\right]},\frac{\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}{\eta }_{i}[1+T({e}_{i}\left)\right]{x}_{U}^{i}}{\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}{\eta }_{i}[1+T({e}_{i}\left)\right]}\right]\end{array}$
式(19)中:
$\mathrm{T}\left({e}_{i}\right)=\stackrel{n}{\sum _{j=1,j\ne i}}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{p}({e}_{i},{e}_{j})$
式中:$\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{p}({e}_{i},{e}_{j})=1-{G}_{(i,j)};{\eta }_{i}$为专家权重。
中平控股集团有限公司计划加大在新能源领域的投资,公司已初步筛选出5个潜在的新能源项目F1~F5。考虑到投资决策面临较大的不确定性和复杂性,公司决定通过群体决策方法,对多个新能源投资项目进行评估。具体选择考虑了各项目的投资额、预期净现值、风险损失值、研发能力和投资收益率5个指标Q1~Q5。这些指标以实数、区间数及多参数区间数表示,其中Q3为成本型指标,其余均为效益型指标。决策者由公司高层管理e1、财务人员e2、行业专家e3以及市场研究人员e4共同参与。各指标的综合权重已经给出$W=\left(\mathrm{0.20,0.25,0.17,0.12,0.26}\right)$;4位决策者的决策指标值矩阵S1~S4如式(21)~式(24)所示。现以上述方法对各决策专家指标值进行信息集结,并根据集结后的决策信息进行最终决策。
${S}^{1}=\left[\begin{array}{lllll}12.5& \left[\mathrm{3.5,4.5}\right]& \left[\mathrm{6.7,7.8,8.5}\right]& \left[\mathrm{7.0,8.0}\right]& 19.6\\ 14.2& \left[\mathrm{4.5,6.0}\right]& \left[\mathrm{7.5,8.0,9.0}\right]& \left[\mathrm{6.8,7.8}\right]& 20.7\\ 11.8& \left[\mathrm{2.5,3.5}\right]& \left[\mathrm{5.8,6.5,7.2}\right]& \left[\mathrm{7.5,8.5}\right]& 17.3\\ 13.5& \left[\mathrm{3.5,4.5}\right]& \left[\mathrm{6.5,7.5,8.0}\right]& \left[\mathrm{6.8,7.8}\right]& 18.9\\ 15.0& \left[\mathrm{5.0,6.5}\right]& \left[\mathrm{7.5,8.5,9.5}\right]& \left[\mathrm{8.3,9.3}\right]& 21.2\end{array}\right]$
${S}^{2}=\left[\begin{array}{lllll}11.8& \left[\mathrm{3.4,4.2}\right]& \left[\mathrm{5.5,6.5,7.5}\right]& \left[\mathrm{7.2,8.2}\right]& 18.4\\ 14.5& \left[\mathrm{4.5,5.6}\right]& \left[\mathrm{6.5,7.5,8.5}\right]& \left[\mathrm{6.5,7.5}\right]& 20.2\\ 12.0& \left[\mathrm{2.5,4.0}\right]& \left[\mathrm{5.5,6.0,6.5}\right]& \left[\mathrm{7.8,8.8}\right]& 17.9\\ 13.8& \left[\mathrm{4.0,5.0}\right]& \left[\mathrm{6.0,6.8,7.5}\right]& \left[\mathrm{6.8,7.8}\right]& 19.1\\ 14.7& \left[\mathrm{3.5,5.8}\right]& \left[\mathrm{7.5,8.5,9.0}\right]& \left[\mathrm{8.5,9.5}\right]& 20.7\end{array}\right]$
${S}^{3}=\left[\begin{array}{lllll}13.0& \left[\mathrm{3.5,5.5}\right]& \left[\mathrm{5.8,6.8,7.8}\right]& \left[\mathrm{7.5,8.5}\right]& 18.9\\ 14.0& \left[\mathrm{4.0,6.5}\right]& \left[\mathrm{6.8,7.8,8.8}\right]& \left[\mathrm{6.5,7.5}\right]& 20.5\\ 11.5& \left[\mathrm{3.0,3.5}\right]& \left[\mathrm{5.2,6.2,7.2}\right]& \left[\mathrm{8.0,9.0}\right]& 17.5\\ 13.0& \left[\mathrm{4.6,5.8}\right]& \left[\mathrm{6.2,7.2,8.2}\right]& \left[\mathrm{7.1,8.1}\right]& 18.6\\ 15.5& \left[\mathrm{5.2,7.2}\right]& \left[\mathrm{7.4,8.4,9.4}\right]& \left[\mathrm{8.2,9.2}\right]& 20.9\end{array}\right]$
${S}^{4}=\left[\begin{array}{lllll}12.8& \left[\mathrm{3.4,4.8}\right]& \left[\mathrm{6.7,7.8,9.0}\right]& \left[\mathrm{7.3,8.3}\right]& 19.8\\ 14.8& \left[\mathrm{4.2,6.2}\right]& \left[\mathrm{7.0,8.0,9.0}\right]& \left[\mathrm{7.0,8.0}\right]& 20.9\\ 12.2& \left[\mathrm{2.8,4.5}\right]& \left[\mathrm{5.5,6.5,7.5}\right]& \left[\mathrm{7.9,8.9}\right]& 17.7\\ 13.2& \left[\mathrm{3.2,5.0}\right]& \left[\mathrm{6.5,7.5,8.5}\right]& \left[\mathrm{7.2,8.2}\right]& 19.3\\ 15.2& \left[\mathrm{5.0,7.0}\right]& \left[\mathrm{8.0,8.6,9.6}\right]& \left[\mathrm{8.6,9.6}\right]& 21.4\end{array}\right]$
根据式(1)~式(5)将各专家、各方案指标评价值转化为二元联系形式,确定各方案的二元组数,如专家e1评价信息的二元组数矩阵为U1;由式(9)~式(11)确定各专家靶心的二元组数矩阵C。并使用式(12)和式(13)对各二元组数进行规范化处理。
${U}^{1}=\left[\begin{array}{lllll}\left(\mathrm{12.50,0}\right)& \left(\mathrm{4.00,0.50}\right)& \left(\mathrm{7.67,0.91}\right)& \left(\mathrm{7.50,0.50}\right)& \left(\mathrm{19.60,0}\right)\\ \left(\mathrm{14.20,0}\right)& \left(\mathrm{5.25,0.75}\right)& \left(\mathrm{8.17,0.76}\right)& \left(\mathrm{7.30,0.50}\right)& \left(\mathrm{20.70,0}\right)\\ \left(\mathrm{11.80,0}\right)& \left(\mathrm{3.00,0.50}\right)& \left(\mathrm{6.50,0.70}\right)& \left(\mathrm{8.00,0.50}\right)& \left(\mathrm{17.30,0}\right)\\ \left(\mathrm{13.50,0}\right)& \left(\mathrm{4.00,0.50}\right)& \left(\mathrm{7.33,0.76}\right)& \left(\mathrm{7.30,0.50}\right)& \left(\mathrm{18.90,0}\right)\\ \left(\mathrm{15.00,0}\right)& \left(\mathrm{5.75,0.75}\right)& \left(\mathrm{8.50,1.00}\right)& \left(\mathrm{8.80,0.50}\right)& \left(\mathrm{21.20,0}\right)\end{array}\right]$
$C=\left[\begin{array}{lllll}\left(\mathrm{15.00,0}\right)& \left(\mathrm{5.75,0.50}\right)& \left(\mathrm{6.50,0.70}\right)& \left(\mathrm{8.80,0.50}\right)& \left(\mathrm{21.20,0}\right)\\ \left(\mathrm{14.70,0}\right)& \left(\mathrm{5.05,0.40}\right)& \left(\mathrm{6.00,0.50}\right)& \left(\mathrm{9.00,0.50}\right)& \left(\mathrm{20.70,0}\right)\\ \left(\mathrm{15.50,0}\right)& \left(\mathrm{6.20,0.25}\right)& \left(\mathrm{6.20,1.00}\right)& \left(\mathrm{8.70,0.50}\right)& \left(\mathrm{20.90,0}\right)\\ \left(\mathrm{15.20,0}\right)& \left(\mathrm{6.00,0.70}\right)& \left(\mathrm{6.50,0.81}\right)& \left(\mathrm{9.10,0.50}\right)& \left(\mathrm{21.40,0}\right)\end{array}\right]$
首先由式(8)计算各专家的决策矩阵与所有专家靶心向量之间的综合加权G-S指数值矩阵。以专家e1为例,专家e1的评价矩阵与各专家(e1~e4)靶心向量间的综合加权G-S指数值矩阵D1
D1=$\left[\begin{array}{llll}0.00643& 0.00836& 0.01213& 0.00434\\ 0.00685& 0.00691& 0.01379& 0.00580\\ 0.01076& 0.01273& 0.01851& 0.00946\\ 0.00594& 0.00726& 0.01275& 0.00517\\ 0.00385& 0.00670& 0.01023& 0.00180\end{array}\right]$
其次由式(14)可获取专家与各专家靶心的关系数矩阵${G}_{\mathrm{k}\text{'}}^{k}。$
${G}_{\mathrm{k}\text{'}}^{k}$=$\left[\begin{array}{llll}0.03383& 0.04196& 0.06741& 0.02658\\ 0.04958& 0.05397& 0.07251& 0.04324\\ 0.05123& 0.05869& 0.06453& 0.04132\\ 0.04910& 0.05644& 0.06406& 0.03817\end{array}\right]$
采用式(15)求得各决策专家客观权重$\eta =\left(\mathrm{0.293,0.229,0.234,0.244}\right)。$
采用式(16)求得各专家之间差异性矩阵G(i,j)
G(i,j)=$\left[\begin{array}{llll}\backslash & 0.63123& 0.81817& 0.52186\\ 0.63123& \backslash & 0.90475& 0.68737\\ 0.81817& 0.90475& \backslash & 0.72671\\ 0.52186& 0.68737& 0.72671& \backslash \end{array}\right]$
在计算专家之间的差异性时无需考虑专家自身差异,故矩阵G(i,j)中当i=j时的元素用$\backslash $表示。
最后由式(17)和式(19)对各决策专家评价矩阵进行信息集结,得出集结后的综合评价矩阵S
$S=\left[\begin{array}{lllll}12.53& \left[\mathrm{3.45,4.71}\right]& \left[\mathrm{6.26,7.32,8.28}\right]& \left[\mathrm{7.22,8.22}\right]& 19.26\\ 14.39& \left[\mathrm{4.32,6.06}\right]& \left[\mathrm{7.01,7.85,8.85}\right]& \left[\mathrm{6.73,7.73}\right]& 20.61\\ 11.89& \left[\mathrm{2.68,3.88}\right]& \left[\mathrm{5.54,6.33,7.13}\right]& \left[\mathrm{7.77,8.77}\right]& 17.58\\ 13.39& \left[\mathrm{3.74,5.00}\right]& \left[\mathrm{6.33,7.29,8.06}\right]& \left[\mathrm{6.97,7.97}\right]& 18.99\\ 15.09& \left[\mathrm{4.71,6.62}\right]& \left[\mathrm{7.62,8.51,9.40}\right]& \left[\mathrm{8.41,9.41}\right]& 21.09\end{array}\right]$
选取综合加权Gini-Simpson指数作为决策依据对集结后的群体信息进行最终决策。对集结后决策矩阵S,计算各方案至靶心的综合加权G-S指数为ICWGS=(0.006 84,0.006 31,0.008 99,0.005 51,0.005 14)。按照综合加权G-S指数值越小方案越优的决策准则,可以确定各备选方案的排序结果为F5$\succ $F4$\succ $F2$\succ $F1$\succ $F3。即投资方案F5最优,其次为投资方案F4,投资方案F3最劣。
在现有集结方法的基础上提出改进幂加权平均算子,并结合综合加权Gini-Simpson指数,给出一种新的群体混合属性广义灰靶决策群体信息集结方法。
(1)基于集对分析二元联系数理论对混合型评价信息进行统一转化处理,考虑数据的不确定性,减少原始决策信息的信息失真。
(2)通过混合属性广义灰靶决策中的综合加权G-S指数求解专家客观权重,有效避免由专家主观因素对最终决策结果带来的影响。
(3)基于改进幂加权平均算子对混合群体信息进行集结,在简化计算过程的同时,既能充分考虑各专家之间的相互关系,又能保证群体专家最初的评价意见得到极大保留。通过投资项目选择评价的实例分析验证了其可行性与有效性。
所提信息集结方法是在群体混合属性广义灰靶决策背景下进行的,表明了混合属性广义灰靶决策良好的可扩展性和对混合属性数据处理的优越性。针对群体混合属性广义灰靶决策,仍存在一些问题值得深入探讨,未来可考虑在决策过程中引入决策者心理行为或考虑动态群决策等。
  • 河南省高校基本科研业务费专项(SKJZD2023-06)
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2025年第25卷第22期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406001
  • 接收时间:2024-08-09
  • 首发时间:2026-02-11
  • 出版时间:2025-08-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-09
  • 修回日期:2025-04-29
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河南省高校基本科研业务费专项(SKJZD2023-06)
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    1 河南理工大学工商管理学院能源经济研究中心, 焦作 454003
    2 河南理工大学太行发展研究院, 焦作 454003
    3 杭氧集团股份有限公司项目工程部, 杭州 310000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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