Article(id=1228279670324524017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1228279664221815452, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2408240, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1730736000000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-05, revisedDate=1747238400000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770774293738, onlineDateStr=2026-02-11, pubDate=1754582400000, pubDateStr=2025-08-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770774293738, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770774293738, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770774293738, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228279664221815452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='22', pageStart='9211', pageEnd='9648', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770774292283, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770777611996, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228293588207992892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1228279664221815452, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228293588207992893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1228279664221815452, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=9505, endPage=9513, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228279673814184029, articleId=1228279670324524017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Chiller Fault Diagnosis Method Based on IDBO-HKELM, columnId=1228279670542627833, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
As a key equipment and a major source of energy consumption in a building, chiller plant, if it fails, it will not only affect the normal operation of the system, but also cause serious energy waste. In order to improve the reliability of chiller system operation. A multi-strategy IDBO(improved dung beetle optimization algorithm) combined with a HKELM(hybrid kernel extreme learning machine) fusion fault diagnosis model was constructed to achieve accurate diagnosis of early faults in chiller systems. The model firstly employs hybrid kernel functions to improve the learning ability and generalization of KELM(kernel-extreme learning machine). Secondly, Bernoulli mapping, adaptive inertia factor, and Levy flight fusion dynamic weight coefficients strategies were used to improve the DBO(dung beetle optimization) algorithm in order to balance the global exploration performance of the DBO algorithm. Finally, the effectiveness of the IDBO algorithm was verified by benchmark functions, and the HKELM hyperparameters are optimized using the IDBO algorithm to construct a data-driven model for early fault diagnosis of chiller units. Through relevant training simulations and experimental validation, the accuracy of the proposed IDBO-HKELM model for early fault diagnosis of chillers is improved to 99.71%, which is an obvious advantage over other algorithms.
, correspAuthors=Da-song GUAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hong WANG, Pan CHU, Da-song GUAN, Yang GUO, Zeng-rui TIAN, Ying-jie SHENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1228279675940696269, articleId=1228279670324524017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于IDBO-HKELM的冷水机组故障诊断方法, columnId=1228279671742197785, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·建筑科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
冷水机组作为建筑中的关键设备和主要能耗源,若其发生故障不仅会影响系统的正常运行,还会造成严重的能源浪费。为提升冷水机组系统运行的可靠性,构建了一种多策略改进蜣螂优化算法(improve dung beetle optimizer,IDBO)和混合核极限学习机(hybrid kernel extreme learning machine,HKELM)融合的故障诊断模型,用于实现冷水机组早期故障的精确诊断。该模型首先采用混合核函数提高核极限学习机(kernel extreme learning machine,KELM)的学习能力和泛化性,其次将Bernoulli映射、自适应惯性因子和Levy飞行融合动态权重系数策略用于改进蜣螂优化算法(dung beetle optimizer,DBO),以平衡DBO算法的全局探索性能。最后通过基准函数验证IDBO算法的有效性,利用IDBO算法对HKELM超参数进行优化,从而构建用于冷水机组早期故障诊断的数据驱动模型。通过相关训练仿真和实验验证,所提出的IDBO-HKELM模型对冷水机组的早期故障诊断准确率提高到99.71%,对比其他算法具有明显优势。
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, authorsList=王宏, 储盼, 管大松, 郭洋, 田增瑞, 盛英杰)}, authors=[Author(id=1228369858971238617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wanghong@zzuli.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1228369859080290531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, authorId=1228369858971238617, language=EN, stringName=Hong WANG, firstName=Hong, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 College of Building Environment Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, China
2 Henan Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Buildings and Human Settlements, Zhengzhou 450000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1228369859189342445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, authorId=1228369858971238617, language=CN, stringName=王宏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 郑州轻工业大学建筑环境工程学院, 郑州 450000
2 河南省智慧建筑与人居环境工程技术研究中心, 郑州 450000, bio={"content":"
王宏(1977—),男,汉族,河南平顶山人,硕士,教授。研究方向:智能建筑设备节能优化控制、故障诊断及智慧运维。E-mail:wanghong@zzuli.edu.cn。
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王宏(1977—),男,汉族,河南平顶山人,硕士,教授。研究方向:智能建筑设备节能优化控制、故障诊断及智慧运维。E-mail:wanghong@zzuli.edu.cn。
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1 College of Building Environment Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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1 郑州轻工业大学建筑环境工程学院, 郑州 450000
2 河南省智慧建筑与人居环境工程技术研究中心, 郑州 450000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1228369858606334141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228369858614722750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, companyId=1228369858606334141, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1 郑州轻工业大学建筑环境工程学院, 郑州 450000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1228369858740551879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228369858748940487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, companyId=1228369858740551879, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 Henan Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Buildings and Human Settlements, Zhengzhou 450000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228369858757329096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, companyId=1228369858740551879, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 河南省智慧建筑与人居环境工程技术研究中心, 郑州 450000)])]), Author(id=1228369859663298836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=C960850C@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1228369859801710883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, authorId=1228369859663298836, language=EN, stringName=Da-song GUAN, firstName=Da-song, middleName=null, lastName=GUAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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3 China Construction Technology Group Ltd., Beijing 100013, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1228369859931734317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, authorId=1228369859663298836, language=CN, stringName=管大松, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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3 中国建筑技术集团有限公司, 北京 100013, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1228369858853798096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228369858857992399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, companyId=1228369858853798096, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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3 中国建筑技术集团有限公司, 北京 100013)])]), Author(id=1228369860053369141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1228369860170809669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, authorId=1228369860053369141, language=EN, stringName=Yang GUO, firstName=Yang, middleName=null, lastName=GUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 College of Building Environment Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, China
2 Henan Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Buildings and Human Settlements, Zhengzhou 450000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1228369860267278668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, authorId=1228369860053369141, language=CN, stringName=郭洋, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 郑州轻工业大学建筑环境工程学院, 郑州 450000
2 河南省智慧建筑与人居环境工程技术研究中心, 郑州 450000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1228369858606334141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228369858614722750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, companyId=1228369858606334141, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1 郑州轻工业大学建筑环境工程学院, 郑州 450000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1228369858740551879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228369858748940487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, companyId=1228369858740551879, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1 College of Building Environment Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, China
2 Henan Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Buildings and Human Settlements, Zhengzhou 450000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1228369860682514795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, authorId=1228369860376330579, language=CN, stringName=田增瑞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 郑州轻工业大学建筑环境工程学院, 郑州 450000
2 河南省智慧建筑与人居环境工程技术研究中心, 郑州 450000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1228369858606334141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228369858614722750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, companyId=1228369858606334141, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1 College of Building Environment Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228369858623111359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, companyId=1228369858606334141, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 郑州轻工业大学建筑环境工程学院, 郑州 450000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1228369858740551879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228369858748940487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, companyId=1228369858740551879, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2 河南省智慧建筑与人居环境工程技术研究中心, 郑州 450000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1228369858853798096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228369858857992399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, companyId=1228369858853798096, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3 China Construction Technology Group Ltd., Beijing 100013, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228369858866381008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, companyId=1228369858853798096, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3 中国建筑技术集团有限公司, 北京 100013)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1228369863975043594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Diagnostic flowchart of the IDBO-HKELM model, figureFileSmall=QhPG3jepUgoAIaC3ZkSb9Q==, figureFileBig=u1Apd/SwCGFzNiY+9sXIRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369864096678415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
IDBO-HKELM模型诊断流程图, figureFileSmall=QhPG3jepUgoAIaC3ZkSb9Q==, figureFileBig=u1Apd/SwCGFzNiY+9sXIRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369864235090456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Convergence curves for different function values, figureFileSmall=SuDjRAHBPFTsEXiLhq25Dg==, figureFileBig=6Oj4aXedLmCSoJXAqocTmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369864318976542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
不同函数值收敛曲线, figureFileSmall=SuDjRAHBPFTsEXiLhq25Dg==, figureFileBig=6Oj4aXedLmCSoJXAqocTmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369864423834147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Confusion matrix of each fault diagnosis model, figureFileSmall=htCFNZmtC6qAsvomqzt1CQ==, figureFileBig=DYFSpZUHpLTV3yK4cbYfUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369864524497452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
各故障诊断模型混淆矩阵, figureFileSmall=htCFNZmtC6qAsvomqzt1CQ==, figureFileBig=DYFSpZUHpLTV3yK4cbYfUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369864620966446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Benchmark functions
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 函数 | 搜索范围 | 理论值 | 参数含义 |
| ${F}_{1}\left(x\right)=\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}{x}_{i}^{2}$ | [-100,100] | 0 | $-100\le {x}_{i}\le 100$ |
| ${F}_{2}\left(x\right)=\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}\left|{x}_{i}\right|+\stackrel{n}{\underset{i=1}{\mathrm{\Pi }}}\left|{x}_{i}\right|$ | [-10,10] | 0 | $-10\le {x}_{i}\le 10$ |
| ${F}_{3}\left(x\right)=\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}(\stackrel{j}{\sum _{j=1}}{x}_{i}{)}^{2}$ | [-100,100] | 0 | $-100\le {x}_{i}\le 100$ |
| ${F}_{8}\left(x\right)=\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}-{x}_{i}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\sqrt{\left|{x}_{i}\right|}$ | [-500,500] | -418.98×dim | $-500\le {x}_{i}\le 500;$ dim为维度 |
| ${F}_{9}\left(x\right)=\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}[{x}_{i}^{2}-10\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}(2\mathrm{\pi }{x}_{i})+10]$ | [-5.12,5.12] | 0 | $-5.12\le {x}_{i}\le 5.12$ |
| ${F}_{10}\left(x\right)=-20\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}\left(-0.2\sqrt{\frac{1}{n}\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}{x}_{i}^{2}}\right)-\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}\left[\frac{1}{n}\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}\left(2\mathrm{\pi }{x}_{i}\right)\right]+20+\mathrm{e}$ | [-32,32] | 0 | $-32\le {x}_{i}\le 32$ |
| ${F}_{15}\left(x\right)=\stackrel{11}{\sum _{i=1}}{\left[{a}_{i}-\frac{{x}_{1}({b}_{i}^{2}+{b}_{1}{x}_{2})}{{b}_{i}^{2}+{b}_{1}{x}_{3}+{x}_{4}}\right]}^{2}$ | [-5,5] | 0.148 4 | $-5\le {x}_{i}\le 5;$ai为权重参数; bi为影响分子和分母的线性组合 |
| ${F}_{20}\left(x\right)=\stackrel{4}{\sum _{i=1}}{c}_{i}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}[-\stackrel{6}{\sum _{j=1}}{a}_{ij}({x}_{j}-{p}_{ij}{)}^{2}]$ | [0,1] | -3.32 | $0\le {x}_{i}\le 1;$ci为权重; aij为惩罚系数;pij为位置参数 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228369864704852531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
基准测试函数表
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 函数 | 搜索范围 | 理论值 | 参数含义 |
| ${F}_{1}\left(x\right)=\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}{x}_{i}^{2}$ | [-100,100] | 0 | $-100\le {x}_{i}\le 100$ |
| ${F}_{2}\left(x\right)=\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}\left|{x}_{i}\right|+\stackrel{n}{\underset{i=1}{\mathrm{\Pi }}}\left|{x}_{i}\right|$ | [-10,10] | 0 | $-10\le {x}_{i}\le 10$ |
| ${F}_{3}\left(x\right)=\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}(\stackrel{j}{\sum _{j=1}}{x}_{i}{)}^{2}$ | [-100,100] | 0 | $-100\le {x}_{i}\le 100$ |
| ${F}_{8}\left(x\right)=\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}-{x}_{i}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\sqrt{\left|{x}_{i}\right|}$ | [-500,500] | -418.98×dim | $-500\le {x}_{i}\le 500;$ dim为维度 |
| ${F}_{9}\left(x\right)=\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}[{x}_{i}^{2}-10\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}(2\mathrm{\pi }{x}_{i})+10]$ | [-5.12,5.12] | 0 | $-5.12\le {x}_{i}\le 5.12$ |
| ${F}_{10}\left(x\right)=-20\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}\left(-0.2\sqrt{\frac{1}{n}\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}{x}_{i}^{2}}\right)-\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}\left[\frac{1}{n}\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}\left(2\mathrm{\pi }{x}_{i}\right)\right]+20+\mathrm{e}$ | [-32,32] | 0 | $-32\le {x}_{i}\le 32$ |
| ${F}_{15}\left(x\right)=\stackrel{11}{\sum _{i=1}}{\left[{a}_{i}-\frac{{x}_{1}({b}_{i}^{2}+{b}_{1}{x}_{2})}{{b}_{i}^{2}+{b}_{1}{x}_{3}+{x}_{4}}\right]}^{2}$ | [-5,5] | 0.148 4 | $-5\le {x}_{i}\le 5;$ai为权重参数; bi为影响分子和分母的线性组合 |
| ${F}_{20}\left(x\right)=\stackrel{4}{\sum _{i=1}}{c}_{i}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}[-\stackrel{6}{\sum _{j=1}}{a}_{ij}({x}_{j}-{p}_{ij}{)}^{2}]$ | [0,1] | -3.32 | $0\le {x}_{i}\le 1;$ci为权重; aij为惩罚系数;pij为位置参数 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228369864784544311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Optimization results of benchmark test functions
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 函数名 | 指标 | GWO | SSA | DBO | IDBO |
| 最优值 | 1.470 4×10-29 | 1.337 6×10-231 | 7.779 1×10-167 | 0 |
| F1 | 平均值 | 1.125 9×10-27 | 1.454 5×10-55 | 3.837 9×10-105 | 0 |
| 标准差 | 1.804 2×10-27 | 7.965 5×10-55 | 2.059 8×10-104 | 0 |
| 最优值 | 3.137 9×10-30 | 0 | 6.389 3×10-171 | 0 |
| F2 | 平均值 | 1.050 6×10-28 | 6.044 3×10-59 | 1.150 4×10-119 | 0 |
| 标准差 | 1.668 2×10-28 | 3.308 6×10-58 | 6.301 1×10-119 | 0 |
| 最优值 | 9.592 2×10-18 | 1.068 7×10-133 | 1.425 0×10-84 | 0 |
| F3 | 平均值 | 1.230 2×10-16 | 2.051 5×10-31 | 2.163 9×10-59 | 0 |
| 标准差 | 1.125 1×10-16 | 7.940 1×10-31 | 8.937 8×10-59 | 0 |
| 最优值 | 7.939 9×10-55 | 0 | 1.318 5×10-304 | 0 |
| F8 | 平均值 | 2.618 1×10-51 | 5.529 2×10-119 | 8.333 6×10-197 | 0 |
| 标准差 | 7.493 2×10-51 | 2.520 1×10-118 | 0 | 0 |
| 最优值 | 5.861 6×10-4 | 1.105 2×10-4 | 1.418 4×10-4 | 3.112 4×10-5 |
| F9 | 平均值 | 2.314 7×10-3 | 1.634 4×10-3 | 1.015 2×10-3 | 7.385 8×10-4 |
| 标准差 | 1.113 9×10-3 | 9.791 8×10-4 | 7.676 2×10-4 | 5.360 9×10-4 |
| 最优值 | 5.010×10-107 | 1.118 7×10-209 | 1.766 7×10-187 | 0 |
| F10 | 平均值 | 1.512×10-96 | 7.576 3×10-49 | 1.306 5×10-119 | 0 |
| 标准差 | 8.132×10-96 | 2.885 8×10-48 | 7.156 0×10-119 | 0 |
| 最优值 | 1.393 8×10-16 | 2.308 7×10-110 | 1.485 6×10-77 | 0 |
| F15 | 平均值 | 4.111 5×10-4 | 2.559 8×10-9 | 2.519 6×10-1 | 0 |
| 标准差 | 5.437 1×10-4 | 7.428 5×10-9 | 1.377 8 | 0 |
| 最优值 | 9.298 2×10-26 | 0 | 1.286 5×10-159 | 0 |
| F20 | 平均值 | 3.318 8×10-24 | 2.842 1×10-24 | 2.284 0×10-99 | 0 |
| 标准差 | 1.039 5×10-23 | 1.425 3×10-23 | 1.194 1×10-98 | 0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228369864893596222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
基准测试函数优化结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 函数名 | 指标 | GWO | SSA | DBO | IDBO |
| 最优值 | 1.470 4×10-29 | 1.337 6×10-231 | 7.779 1×10-167 | 0 |
| F1 | 平均值 | 1.125 9×10-27 | 1.454 5×10-55 | 3.837 9×10-105 | 0 |
| 标准差 | 1.804 2×10-27 | 7.965 5×10-55 | 2.059 8×10-104 | 0 |
| 最优值 | 3.137 9×10-30 | 0 | 6.389 3×10-171 | 0 |
| F2 | 平均值 | 1.050 6×10-28 | 6.044 3×10-59 | 1.150 4×10-119 | 0 |
| 标准差 | 1.668 2×10-28 | 3.308 6×10-58 | 6.301 1×10-119 | 0 |
| 最优值 | 9.592 2×10-18 | 1.068 7×10-133 | 1.425 0×10-84 | 0 |
| F3 | 平均值 | 1.230 2×10-16 | 2.051 5×10-31 | 2.163 9×10-59 | 0 |
| 标准差 | 1.125 1×10-16 | 7.940 1×10-31 | 8.937 8×10-59 | 0 |
| 最优值 | 7.939 9×10-55 | 0 | 1.318 5×10-304 | 0 |
| F8 | 平均值 | 2.618 1×10-51 | 5.529 2×10-119 | 8.333 6×10-197 | 0 |
| 标准差 | 7.493 2×10-51 | 2.520 1×10-118 | 0 | 0 |
| 最优值 | 5.861 6×10-4 | 1.105 2×10-4 | 1.418 4×10-4 | 3.112 4×10-5 |
| F9 | 平均值 | 2.314 7×10-3 | 1.634 4×10-3 | 1.015 2×10-3 | 7.385 8×10-4 |
| 标准差 | 1.113 9×10-3 | 9.791 8×10-4 | 7.676 2×10-4 | 5.360 9×10-4 |
| 最优值 | 5.010×10-107 | 1.118 7×10-209 | 1.766 7×10-187 | 0 |
| F10 | 平均值 | 1.512×10-96 | 7.576 3×10-49 | 1.306 5×10-119 | 0 |
| 标准差 | 8.132×10-96 | 2.885 8×10-48 | 7.156 0×10-119 | 0 |
| 最优值 | 1.393 8×10-16 | 2.308 7×10-110 | 1.485 6×10-77 | 0 |
| F15 | 平均值 | 4.111 5×10-4 | 2.559 8×10-9 | 2.519 6×10-1 | 0 |
| 标准差 | 5.437 1×10-4 | 7.428 5×10-9 | 1.377 8 | 0 |
| 最优值 | 9.298 2×10-26 | 0 | 1.286 5×10-159 | 0 |
| F20 | 平均值 | 3.318 8×10-24 | 2.842 1×10-24 | 2.284 0×10-99 | 0 |
| 标准差 | 1.039 5×10-23 | 1.425 3×10-23 | 1.194 1×10-98 | 0 |
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Types of failures
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| 故障编号 | 故障类型 | 缩写 |
| 1 | 润滑油过量 | EO |
| 2 | 冷凝器结垢 | CF |
| 3 | 制冷剂泄露 | RL |
| 4 | 制冷剂过量 | RO |
| 5 | 不凝气体 | NC |
| 6 | 冷却水不足 | FWC |
| 7 | 冷冻水不足 | FWE |
), ArticleFig(id=1228369865040396872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
故障类型
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 故障编号 | 故障类型 | 缩写 |
| 1 | 润滑油过量 | EO |
| 2 | 冷凝器结垢 | CF |
| 3 | 制冷剂泄露 | RL |
| 4 | 制冷剂过量 | RO |
| 5 | 不凝气体 | NC |
| 6 | 冷却水不足 | FWC |
| 7 | 冷冻水不足 | FWE |
), ArticleFig(id=1228369865149448784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Schematic diagram of the confusion matrix
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| 类别 | 预测类 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 真实类 | 1 | a | b | C |
| 2 | d | e | f |
| 3 | g | h | i |
), ArticleFig(id=1228369865250112088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
混淆矩阵示意表
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类别 | 预测类 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 真实类 | 1 | a | b | C |
| 2 | d | e | f |
| 3 | g | h | i |
), ArticleFig(id=1228369865350775388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Fault diagnosis effects of each diagnostic model
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| 状态种类 | KELM | HKELM | DBO-HKELM | IDBO-HKELM |
UR/ % | FAR/ % | UR/ % | FAR/ % | UR/ % | FAR/ % | UR/ % | FAR/ % |
| NO | 7.6 | 14.4 | 3.3 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.7 |
| CF | 8 | 16.1 | 1 | 2.9 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| EO | 7.3 | 3.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| NC | 11.3 | 7.6 | 1.3 | 1 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| FWC | 37.3 | 14.2 | 16.7 | 9.1 | 1 | 1.3 | 2 | 1 |
| FWE | 0.3 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| RL | 14 | 7.2 | 2.7 | 1 | 0.7 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| RO | 0 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0.3 | 0 |
| 准确率/% | 90.54 | 96.76 | 98.92 | 99.71 |
), ArticleFig(id=1228369865455632995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279670324524017, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
各诊断模型的故障诊断效果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 状态种类 | KELM | HKELM | DBO-HKELM | IDBO-HKELM |
UR/ % | FAR/ % | UR/ % | FAR/ % | UR/ % | FAR/ % | UR/ % | FAR/ % |
| NO | 7.6 | 14.4 | 3.3 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.7 |
| CF | 8 | 16.1 | 1 | 2.9 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| EO | 7.3 | 3.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| NC | 11.3 | 7.6 | 1.3 | 1 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| FWC | 37.3 | 14.2 | 16.7 | 9.1 | 1 | 1.3 | 2 | 1 |
| FWE | 0.3 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| RL | 14 | 7.2 | 2.7 | 1 | 0.7 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| RO | 0 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0.3 | 0 |
| 准确率/% | 90.54 | 96.76 | 98.92 | 99.71 |
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