Article(id=1228279669586326492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1228279664221815452, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407829, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1729440000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-21, revisedDate=1747152000000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770774293562, onlineDateStr=2026-02-11, pubDate=1754582400000, pubDateStr=2025-08-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770774293562, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770774293562, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770774293562, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228279664221815452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='22', pageStart='9211', pageEnd='9648', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770774292283, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770777611996, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228293588207992892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1228279664221815452, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228293588207992893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1228279664221815452, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=9578, endPage=9585, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228279670177723370, articleId=1228279669586326492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Recognizability of External Interfaces of Autonomous Vehicles in Driving, columnId=1228279669053649867, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The external human-machine interface is used to enhance communication between autonomous vehicles and road users like pedestrians and cyclists, thus traffic safety and user experience are improved. The recognizability of the external interface is considered the foundation for ensuring effective and understandable signal functions, and it is explored to ensure pedestrians crossing safety. The form of information expression, interface location, and the speed of autonomous vehicles were considered as independent variables, and eye-tracking technology was used to collect eye movement and behavioral data. The identifiability of the interface was evaluated through repeated measures analysis of variance and logistic regression. The results show that the form of interface information, location, and vehicle speed significantly affect identifiability. The light band has the best identifiability; higher recognition efficiency is observed when the vehicle is traveling at a low speed; and the highest recognition efficiency is found when the interface is at P3, while the lowest is noted at P1 and P4.From the perspective of enhancing pedestrian traffic safety, this study provides a reference for the design of the external interface of autonomous vehicle while driving, and helps to improve pedestrian attention and recognition accuracy of the external interface.

, correspAuthors=Li LIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Nian-jiao CHEN, Li LIN, Ji-song LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1228279678587302238, articleId=1228279669586326492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=行驶状态下自动驾驶车外界面的可识别性, columnId=1228279670290969583, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·交通运输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

车外人机交互界面通过加强自动驾驶车辆与行人、骑行者等道路使用者的沟通,提升交通安全和用户体验。探讨车外界面的可识别性是确保信号功能有效和可理解的基础,以保障行人过街安全。以信息表达形式、界面位置、自动驾驶汽车速度为自变量,采用眼动追踪技术,收集眼动数据和行为数据。通过重复测量方差分析和Logistic回归评估界面的可识别性。结果显示,界面信息形式、位置和车辆速度对可识别性有显著影响,光带可识别性最优;车辆低速行驶下界面识别效率更高;界面位于P3位置时识别效率最高,P1和P4位置最低。该研究从增强行人交通安全的视角,为行驶中的自动驾驶汽车车外交互界面设计提供了参考,有助于提高行人对车外界面的注意力和识别准确性。

, correspAuthors=林丽, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 林丽(1973—),女,汉族,四川南充人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向:产品设计、感性工学。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Ug8f4DZl2avD2HEgynDuSA==, magXml=3N6VOs2BxYBx1lqh4dy5CQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ql1tq1rlpUDB0gGiSERjpg==, pdfFileSize=6501741, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=ze4qW1NThI5JgBWdkWWumg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=1Zm/McJ+u3ZRuVKrX5/oUA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

陈年娇(2000—),女,汉族,广西玉林人,硕士研究生。研究方向:人机交互。E-mail:

, authorsList=陈年娇, 林丽, 李吉松)}, authors=[Author(id=1228369857184461528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=nianjiaochen@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1228369858597941989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, authorId=1228369857184461528, language=EN, stringName=Nian-jiao CHEN, firstName=Nian-jiao, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1228369858744742630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, authorId=1228369857184461528, language=CN, stringName=陈年娇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=贵州大学机械工程学院, 贵阳 550025, bio={"content":"

陈年娇(2000—),女,汉族,广西玉林人,硕士研究生。研究方向:人机交互。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

陈年娇(2000—),女,汉族,广西玉林人,硕士研究生。研究方向:人机交互。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1228369856978940620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228369857012495055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, companyId=1228369856978940620, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228369857050243792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, companyId=1228369856978940620, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=贵州大学机械工程学院, 贵阳 550025)])]), Author(id=1228369858837017325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=linlisongbai@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1228369858962846455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, authorId=1228369858837017325, language=EN, stringName=Li LIN, firstName=Li, middleName=null, lastName=LIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=College of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1228369859063509757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, authorId=1228369858837017325, language=CN, stringName=林丽, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=贵州大学机械工程学院, 贵阳 550025, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1228369856978940620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228369857012495055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, companyId=1228369856978940620, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228369857050243792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, companyId=1228369856978940620, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=贵州大学机械工程学院, 贵阳 550025)])]), Author(id=1228369859155784453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1228369859264836364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, authorId=1228369859155784453, language=EN, stringName=Ji-song LI, firstName=Ji-song, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1228369859390665487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, authorId=1228369859155784453, language=CN, stringName=李吉松, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=贵州大学机械工程学院, 贵阳 550025, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1228369856978940620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228369857012495055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, companyId=1228369856978940620, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228369857050243792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, companyId=1228369856978940620, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=贵州大学机械工程学院, 贵阳 550025)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1228369859575214875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=interaction design), Keyword(id=1228369859717821222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=external interface), Keyword(id=1228369859801707307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=eye-tracking), Keyword(id=1228369859902370607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=recognizability), Keyword(id=1228369860036588344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=交互设计), Keyword(id=1228369860124668737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=车外交互), Keyword(id=1228369860267275081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=眼动追踪), Keyword(id=1228369860380521294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=可识别性)], refs=[Reference(id=1228369865338188791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=59, issue=20, pageStart=304, pageEnd=324, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=王聪, 胡文, 李文博, journalName=机械工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王聪, 胡文, 李文博, 等. 社会认知自动驾驶[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(20): 304-324., articleTitle=社会认知自动驾驶, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369865455629308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=59, issue=20, pageStart=304, pageEnd=324, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Wang Cong, Hu Wen, Li Wenbo, journalName=Journal of Mechanical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Cong, Hu Wen, Li Wenbo, et al. Social cognitive autonomous driving[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(20): 304-324., articleTitle=Social cognitive autonomous driving, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369865585652736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=31, pageStart=13612, pageEnd=13619, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=朱智湧, 秦华, 冉令华, journalName=科学技术与工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱智湧, 秦华, 冉令华, 等. 左转车驾驶风格对直行车交互行为影响[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2024, 24(31): 13612-13619., articleTitle=左转车驾驶风格对直行车交互行为影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369865707286534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=31, pageStart=13612, pageEnd=13619, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Zhu Zhiyong, Qin Hua, Ran Linghua, journalName=Science Technology and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu Zhiyong, Qin Hua, Ran Linghua, et al. Effect of driving style of left-turning vehicles on the interaction behavior of straight-traveling vehicles[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2024, 24(31): 13612-13619., articleTitle=Effect of driving style of left-turning vehicles on the interaction behavior of straight-traveling vehicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369865807949832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=37, issue=1, pageStart=215, pageEnd=240, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=朱冰, 贾士政, 赵健, journalName=中国公路学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱冰, 贾士政, 赵健, 等. 自动驾驶车辆决策与规划研究综述[J]. 中国公路学报, 2024, 37(1): 215-240., articleTitle=自动驾驶车辆决策与规划研究综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369865904418831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=37, issue=1, pageStart=215, pageEnd=240, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Zhu Bing, Jia Shizheng, Zhao Jian, journalName=China Journal of Highway and Transport, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu Bing, Jia Shizheng, Zhao Jian, et al. A review of research on decision-making and planning for automated vehicles[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2024, 37(1): 215-240., articleTitle=A review of research on decision-making and planning for automated vehicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369866034442256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=13, issue=15, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Wil-Brink M, Lau M, Illgner J, journalName=Sustainability, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wil-Brink M, Lau M, Illgner J, et al. Impact of external human-machine interface communication strategies of automated vehicles on pedestrians’ crossing decisions and behaviors in an urban environment[J]. Sustainability, 2021, 13(15). DOI: 10.3390/su13158396., articleTitle=Impact of external human-machine interface communication strategies of automated vehicles on pedestrians’ crossing decisions and behaviors in an urban environment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369866139299861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=32, pageStart=14041, pageEnd=14048, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=7, authorNames=石熙普, 秦华, 冉令华, journalName=科学技术与工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=石熙普, 秦华, 冉令华, 等. 自动驾驶车辆意图呈现对行人过街决策的影响[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2024, 24(32): 14041-14048., articleTitle=自动驾驶车辆意图呈现对行人过街决策的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369867485671448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=32, pageStart=14041, pageEnd=14048, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Shi Xipu, Qin Hua, Ran Linghua, journalName=Science Technology and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi Xipu, Qin Hua, Ran Linghua, et al. Impact of self-driving vehicle intent presentation on pedestrian crossing decisions[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2024, 24(32): 14041-14048., articleTitle=Impact of self-driving vehicle intent presentation on pedestrian crossing decisions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369867603111965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=14, issue=9, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Guo F, Lyu W, Ren Z, journalName=Sustainability, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo F, Lyu W, Ren Z, et al. A video-based, eye-tracking study to investigate the effect of ehmi modalities and locations on pedestrian-automated vehicle interaction[J]. Sustainability, 2022, 14(9). DOI: 10.3390/su14095633., articleTitle=A video-based, eye-tracking study to investigate the effect of ehmi modalities and locations on pedestrian-automated vehicle interaction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369867703775264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=85, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Eisele D, Petzoldt T, journalName=Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Eisele D, Petzoldt T. Effects of traffic context on eHMI icon comprehension[J]. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2022, 85: 1-12., articleTitle=Effects of traffic context on eHMI icon comprehension, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369867796049956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Bonneviot F, Coeugnet S, Brangier E, journalName=Frontiers in Psychology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bonneviot F, Coeugnet S, Brangier E. How to improve pedestrians’ trust in automated vehicles: new road infrastructure, external human-machine interface with anthropomorphism, or conventional road signaling?[J]. Frontiers in Psychology, 2023, 14. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1129341., articleTitle=How to improve pedestrians’ trust in automated vehicles: new road infrastructure, external human-machine interface with anthropomorphism, or conventional road signaling?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369867917684773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Lau M, Jipp M, Oehl M, journalName=Accident Analysis and Prevention, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lau M, Jipp M, Oehl M. One Solution Fits All? Evaluating different communication strategies of a light-based external human-machine interface for differently sized automated vehicles from a pedestrian’s perspective[J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2022, 171. DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106641., articleTitle=One Solution Fits All? Evaluating different communication strategies of a light-based external human-machine interface for differently sized automated vehicles from a pedestrian’s perspective, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369868009959466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=23, issue=28, pageStart=12275, pageEnd=12281, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=13, authorNames=王辉, 秦华, 冉令华, journalName=科学技术与工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王辉, 秦华, 冉令华, 等. 无交通信号路口行人过街的人车交互过程研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2023, 23(28): 12275-12281., articleTitle=无交通信号路口行人过街的人车交互过程研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369868106428462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=23, issue=28, pageStart=12275, pageEnd=12281, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Wang Hui, Qin Hua, Ran Linghua, journalName=Science Technology and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Hui, Qin Hua, Ran Linghua, et al. Human vehicle interaction process of pedestrian crossing at no traffic signal intersection[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2023, 23(28): 12275-12281., articleTitle=Human vehicle interaction process of pedestrian crossing at no traffic signal intersection, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369868207091762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=67, issue=null, pageStart=507, pageEnd=512, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Jones D, Endsley M, journalName=Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jones D, Endsley M. Sources of situation awareness errors in aviation[J]. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 1996, 67: 507-512., articleTitle=Sources of situation awareness errors in aviation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369868311949368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=29, issue=11, pageStart=1979, pageEnd=1992, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=16, authorNames=蒋倩妮, 庄想灵, 马国杰, journalName=心理科学进展, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蒋倩妮, 庄想灵, 马国杰. 自动驾驶汽车与行人交互中的沟通界面设计: 基于行人过街决策模型的评估[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(11): 1979-1992., articleTitle=自动驾驶汽车与行人交互中的沟通界面设计: 基于行人过街决策模型的评估, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369868400029752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=29, issue=11, pageStart=1979, pageEnd=1992, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Jiang Qianni, Zhuang Xiangling, Ma Guojie, journalName=Advances in Psychological Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jiang Qianni, Zhuang Xiangling, Ma Guojie. Evaluation of external HMI in autonomous vehicles based on pedestrian road crossing decision-making model[J]. Advances in Psychological Science, 2021, 29(11): 1979-1992., articleTitle=Evaluation of external HMI in autonomous vehicles based on pedestrian road crossing decision-making model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369868500693051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=103, issue=null, pageStart=79, pageEnd=95, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Lau M, Nguyen H P, Jipp M, journalName=Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lau M, Nguyen H P, Jipp M, et al. from visions to reality: investigating the interplay of vehicle kinematics and light-band ehmi in a real vehicle study[J]. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2024, 103: 79-95., articleTitle=from visions to reality: investigating the interplay of vehicle kinematics and light-band ehmi in a real vehicle study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369868580384829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Devi S L, O’neal E E, Kim N Y, journalName=Accident Analysis & Prevention, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Devi S L, O’neal E E, Kim N Y, et al. Deciding when to cross in front of an autonomous vehicle: how child and adult pedestrians respond to eHMI timing and vehicle kinematics[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2024, 202. DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2024.107567., articleTitle=Deciding when to cross in front of an autonomous vehicle: how child and adult pedestrians respond to eHMI timing and vehicle kinematics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369868668465217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=80, issue=null, pageStart=270, pageEnd=280, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Lee Y M, Madigan R, Uzondu C, journalName=Journal of Safety Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lee Y M, Madigan R, Uzondu C, et al. Learning to interpret novel eHMI: the effect of vehicle kinematics and eHMI familiarity on pedestrian’ crossing behavior[J]. Journal of Safety Research, 2022, 80: 270-280., articleTitle=Learning to interpret novel eHMI: the effect of vehicle kinematics and eHMI familiarity on pedestrian’ crossing behavior, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369868773322821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=93, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Luo S J, Lin H, Hu Y Q, journalName=Applied Ergonomics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Luo S J, Lin H, Hu Y Q. Effects of taillight shape on conspicuity of vehicles at night[J]. Applied Ergonomics, 2021, 93. DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103361., articleTitle=Effects of taillight shape on conspicuity of vehicles at night, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369868844625992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=35, issue=10, pageStart=1612, pageEnd=1619, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=22, authorNames=宫勇, 裘曼琳, 霍发仁, journalName=计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=宫勇, 裘曼琳, 霍发仁. 基于视觉复杂度、空间频率的汽车界面图标视觉搜索效率研究[J]. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2023, 35(10): 1612-1619., articleTitle=基于视觉复杂度、空间频率的汽车界面图标视觉搜索效率研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369868970455115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=35, issue=10, pageStart=1612, pageEnd=1619, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Gong Yong, Qiu Manlin, Huo Faren, journalName=Journal of Computer-Aided Design & Computer Graphics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gong Yong, Qiu Manlin, Huo Faren. Research on the efficiency of visual search for car interface icons based on visual complexity and spatial frequency[J]. Journal of Computer-Aided Design & Computer Graphics, 2023, 35(10): 1612-1619., articleTitle=Research on the efficiency of visual search for car interface icons based on visual complexity and spatial frequency, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369869058535500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=23, issue=33, pageStart=14144, pageEnd=14153, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=24, authorNames=宋知潼, 刘玉雪, 刘洋, journalName=科学技术与工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=宋知潼, 刘玉雪, 刘洋, 等. 基于眼动实验的飞机座舱界面字符编码分析[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2023, 23(33): 14144-14153., articleTitle=基于眼动实验的飞机座舱界面字符编码分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369869155004497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=23, issue=33, pageStart=14144, pageEnd=14153, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Song Zhitong, Liu Yuxue, Liu Yang, journalName=Science Technology and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Song Zhitong, Liu Yuxue, Liu Yang, et al. Analysis of the aircraft cockpit interface character encoding based on the eye movement experiment[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2023, 23(33): 14144-14153., articleTitle=Analysis of the aircraft cockpit interface character encoding based on the eye movement experiment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369869264056403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=61, issue=12, pageStart=1619, pageEnd=1634, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Costa M, Bonetti L, Vignali V, journalName=Ergonomics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Costa M, Bonetti L, Vignali V, et al. The role of peripheral vision in vertical road sign identification and discrimination[J]. Ergonomics, 2018, 61(12): 1619-1634., articleTitle=The role of peripheral vision in vertical road sign identification and discrimination, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369869402468439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=40, issue=8, pageStart=103, pageEnd=108, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=27, authorNames=那艳玲, 李伟, 尹昀朗, journalName=铁道工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=那艳玲, 李伟, 尹昀朗, 等. 动态照明标识对地铁乘客视觉感知度影响研究[J]. 铁道工程学报, 2023, 40(8): 103-108., articleTitle=动态照明标识对地铁乘客视觉感知度影响研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369869528297559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=40, issue=8, pageStart=103, pageEnd=108, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Na Yanling, Li Wei, Yin Yunlang, journalName=Journal of Railway Engineering Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Na Yanling, Li Wei, Yin Yunlang, et al. Study on the influence of dynamic lighting signs on visual perception in subway stations[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 2023, 40(8): 103-108., articleTitle=Study on the influence of dynamic lighting signs on visual perception in subway stations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369869637349465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=18, issue=7, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Zhu T, Yang Y, journalName=PLoS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu T, Yang Y. Research on mobile learning platform interface design based on college students’ visual attention characteristics[J]. PLoS One, 2023, 18(7). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283778., articleTitle=Research on mobile learning platform interface design based on college students’ visual attention characteristics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369869754789979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=75, issue=null, pageStart=272, pageEnd=282, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Ackermann C, Beggiato M, Schubert S, journalName=Applied Ergonomics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ackermann C, Beggiato M, Schubert S, et al. An experimental study to investigate design and assessment criteria: what is important for communication between pedestrians and automated vehicles?[J]. Applied Ergonomics, 2019, 75: 272-282., articleTitle=An experimental study to investigate design and assessment criteria: what is important for communication between pedestrians and automated vehicles?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369869880619100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=95, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Bazilinskyy P, Kooijman L, Dodou D, How should external human-machine interfaces behave, examining the effects of colour, journalName=Applied Ergonomics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bazilinskyy P, Kooijman L, Dodou D, et al. How should external human-machine interfaces behave? examining the effects of colour, position, message, activation distance, vehicle yielding, and vi-sual distraction among 1 434 participants[J]. Applied Ergonomics, 2021, 95. DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103450., articleTitle=position, message, activation distance, vehicle yielding, and vi-sual distraction among 1 434 participants, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369869964505183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Habibovic A, Lundgren V M, Andersson J, journalName=Frontiers in Psychology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Habibovic A, Lundgren V M, Andersson J, et al. Communicating intent of automated vehicles to pedestrians[J]. Frontiers in Psychology, 2018, 9. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01336., articleTitle=Communicating intent of automated vehicles to pedestrians, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369870044196958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=78, issue=null, pageStart=30, pageEnd=41, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Eisma Y B, Reiff A, Kooijman L, journalName=Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Eisma Y B, Reiff A, Kooijman L, et al. External human-machine interfaces: effects of message perspective[J]. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2021, 78: 30-41., articleTitle=External human-machine interfaces: effects of message perspective, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369870111305824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=77, issue=null, pageStart=10, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Wang P, Motamedi S, Qi S, journalName=Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang P, Motamedi S, Qi S, et al. Pedestrian interaction with automated vehicles at uncontrolled intersections[J]. Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2021, 77: 10-25., articleTitle=Pedestrian interaction with automated vehicles at uncontrolled intersections, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369870199386211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=24, pageStart=152, pageEnd=162, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=35, authorNames=刘文, 桂慧, journalName=包装工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘文, 桂慧. 基于眼动实验的增强现实抬头显示器色彩编码研究[J]. 包装工程, 2024, 45(24): 152-162, 191., articleTitle=基于眼动实验的增强现实抬头显示器色彩编码研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228369870287466598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=24, pageStart=152, pageEnd=162, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Liu Wen, Gui Hui, journalName=Packaging Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Wen, Gui Hui. Color coding study of augmented reality heads-up display based on eye movement experiments[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2024, 45(24): 152-162, 191., articleTitle=Color coding study of augmented reality heads-up display based on eye movement experiments, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1228369864990061546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, awardId=52465024, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52465024), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228369865094919150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, awardId=黔科合基础-ZK[2021]重点055, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省科技计划(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]重点055), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1228369856978940620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228369857012495055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, companyId=1228369856978940620, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228369857050243792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, companyId=1228369856978940620, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=贵州大学机械工程学院, 贵阳 550025)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1228369860720259938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Video screenshot, figureFileSmall=0AHidOP9XqqIy71Ppolmnw==, figureFileBig=hz5YTZ5Ex19xioA+eZsWjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369860820923244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=CN, label=图1, caption=视频截图, figureFileSmall=0AHidOP9XqqIy71Ppolmnw==, figureFileBig=hz5YTZ5Ex19xioA+eZsWjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369860959335285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Diagram of human-vehicle interaction, figureFileSmall=tE3btROEynunHfJniRRsmw==, figureFileBig=Hh9A7oj1JNO7qkh7aMwSKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369861051609976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=CN, label=图2, caption=人车交互示意图, figureFileSmall=tE3btROEynunHfJniRRsmw==, figureFileBig=Hh9A7oj1JNO7qkh7aMwSKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369861173244798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Interface placement, figureFileSmall=nI6y4nR+wWpXwL9wIO3CTQ==, figureFileBig=fhhuC8+WmlEJrBFj7Oe1Rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369861290685317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=CN, label=图3, caption=界面放置位置, figureFileSmall=nI6y4nR+wWpXwL9wIO3CTQ==, figureFileBig=fhhuC8+WmlEJrBFj7Oe1Rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369861403931534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Experiment process, figureFileSmall=JgIiGfarrmXvbV4SJyGXLw==, figureFileBig=MyLzskHbqxYd0VKyuNLSLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369861512983438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=CN, label=图4, caption=实验流程, figureFileSmall=JgIiGfarrmXvbV4SJyGXLw==, figureFileBig=MyLzskHbqxYd0VKyuNLSLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369861596869523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Percentage of first entry time into AOI of different information formats at various vehicle speeds and interface positions, figureFileSmall=f0bPuYYOILBdQpLdQccEtw==, figureFileBig=JvKyR70Xt3JJnQaV7ow1Fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369861663978394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同车辆速度、界面位置下各信息表达形式的首次进入AOI时间百分比, figureFileSmall=f0bPuYYOILBdQpLdQccEtw==, figureFileBig=JvKyR70Xt3JJnQaV7ow1Fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369863069070238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Number of fixation points of different information formats at various vehicle speeds and interface positions, figureFileSmall=y/c0HPs27fP+2zVDfaet+A==, figureFileBig=41/CcQzWtOkI1INL6kcwSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369863186510755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同车辆速度、界面位置下各信息表达形式的注视点个数, figureFileSmall=y/c0HPs27fP+2zVDfaet+A==, figureFileBig=41/CcQzWtOkI1INL6kcwSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369863282979749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Percentage of reaction time of different information formats at various vehicle speeds and interface positions, figureFileSmall=ZTr1iXo/mOP+MxM1bH1M5A==, figureFileBig=OugYeOGCBTARsMbDb5LPPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369863417197481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同车辆速度、界面位置下各信息表达形式的反应时间百分比, figureFileSmall=ZTr1iXo/mOP+MxM1bH1M5A==, figureFileBig=OugYeOGCBTARsMbDb5LPPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369863534637997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Percentage of average first entry time into AOI at different vehicle speeds and interface positions, figureFileSmall=LuG/POmEX9vCcb+xLE6svQ==, figureFileBig=JDjrXiSbflXucvONtLaszw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369863643689905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同车辆速度、界面位置下平均首次进入AOI时间百分比, figureFileSmall=LuG/POmEX9vCcb+xLE6svQ==, figureFileBig=JDjrXiSbflXucvONtLaszw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369863790490552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Average number of fixation points at different vehicle speeds and interface positions, figureFileSmall=Lxltm38+0+sCaPoF6TSbKA==, figureFileBig=xEIeVxP0RIxOOr3V9thJxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369863979234238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同车辆速度、界面位置下平均注视点个数, figureFileSmall=Lxltm38+0+sCaPoF6TSbKA==, figureFileBig=xEIeVxP0RIxOOr3V9thJxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369864079897537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Percentage of average reaction time at different vehicle speeds and interface positions, figureFileSmall=dJqoOln6jMevz+1+BKY9EQ==, figureFileBig=GEcNlMVpD0ooEfFLTeiDuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369864205726662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同车辆速度、界面位置下平均反应时间百分比, figureFileSmall=dJqoOln6jMevz+1+BKY9EQ==, figureFileBig=GEcNlMVpD0ooEfFLTeiDuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369864323167181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Expression form of interface information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
表达形式类型 图示 文献来源
光带
(由中间向两边扩展)
[24]
图形 [7]
文本 [25]
数字 [26]
), ArticleFig(id=1228369864432219090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

信息表达形式

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
表达形式类型 图示 文献来源
光带
(由中间向两边扩展)
[24]
图形 [7]
文本 [25]
数字 [26]
), ArticleFig(id=1228369864528688087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results ofmultivariate analysis of variance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量 ET与视频时长的百分比/% 注视点个数 RT与视频时长的百分比/%
F p η2 F p η2 F p η2
车辆速度 F(1, 22)=107.515 <0.001 0.830 F(1, 22)=89.00 <0.001 0.802 F(1, 22)=785.95 <0.001 0.973
界面位置 F(1.48, 32.73)=136.23 <0.001 0.861 F(3, 66)=13.33 <0.001 0.377 F(3, 66)=247.50 <0.001 0.918
信息表达形式 F(1.58, 34.92)=51.73 <0.001 0.702 F(3, 66)=43.24 <0.001 0.663 F(2.12, 46.64)=1 014.71 <0.001 0.979
信息表达形式×
车辆速度
F(1.53, 33.76)=4.16 0.033 0.159 F(1.99, 43.95)=13.31 <0.001 0.377 F(3, 66)=77.28 <0.001 0.778
信息表达形式×
界面位置
F(1.99, 43.97)=14.06 <0.001 0.390 F(5.29, 116.46)=3.88 0.002 0.150 F(9, 198)=38.20 <0.001 0.635
车辆速度×
界面位置
F(1.43, 31.46)=19.76 <0.001 0.473 F(3,66)=10.42 <0.001 0.321 F(3, 66)=6.29 0.001 0.222
信息表达形式×
车辆速度×
界面位置
F(2.91, 64.15)=17.99 <0.001 0.450 F(5.47, 120.49)=8.04 <0.001 0.268 F(9, 198)=4.43 <0.001 0.168
), ArticleFig(id=1228369864629351389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

重复测量方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量 ET与视频时长的百分比/% 注视点个数 RT与视频时长的百分比/%
F p η2 F p η2 F p η2
车辆速度 F(1, 22)=107.515 <0.001 0.830 F(1, 22)=89.00 <0.001 0.802 F(1, 22)=785.95 <0.001 0.973
界面位置 F(1.48, 32.73)=136.23 <0.001 0.861 F(3, 66)=13.33 <0.001 0.377 F(3, 66)=247.50 <0.001 0.918
信息表达形式 F(1.58, 34.92)=51.73 <0.001 0.702 F(3, 66)=43.24 <0.001 0.663 F(2.12, 46.64)=1 014.71 <0.001 0.979
信息表达形式×
车辆速度
F(1.53, 33.76)=4.16 0.033 0.159 F(1.99, 43.95)=13.31 <0.001 0.377 F(3, 66)=77.28 <0.001 0.778
信息表达形式×
界面位置
F(1.99, 43.97)=14.06 <0.001 0.390 F(5.29, 116.46)=3.88 0.002 0.150 F(9, 198)=38.20 <0.001 0.635
车辆速度×
界面位置
F(1.43, 31.46)=19.76 <0.001 0.473 F(3,66)=10.42 <0.001 0.321 F(3, 66)=6.29 0.001 0.222
信息表达形式×
车辆速度×
界面位置
F(2.91, 64.15)=17.99 <0.001 0.450 F(5.47, 120.49)=8.04 <0.001 0.268 F(9, 198)=4.43 <0.001 0.168
), ArticleFig(id=1228369864709043170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Summary ofbinary logistic regression analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 B SE Wald df p OR OR的95%CI
车辆速度 V2 -1.672 0.382 19.151 1 0.000 0.188 [0.089,0.397]
界面位置 P1 10.421 3 0.015
P2 -0.117 0.484 0.058 1 0.809 0.89 [0.345,2.296]
P3 0 0.495 0 1 1.000 1 [0.379,2.638]
P4 -1.046 0.425 6.057 1 0.014 0.351 [0.153,0.808]
表达形式 光带 15.18 3 0.002
图形 -0.357 0.603 0.351 1 0.554 0.7 [0.215,2.281]
文本 -1.661 0.517 10.317 1 0.001 0.19 [0.069,0.523]
数字 -1.278 0.533 5.758 1 0.016 0.279 [0.098,0.791]
常量 5.105 0.647 62.231 1 0.000 164.915
), ArticleFig(id=1228369864797123557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279669586326492, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

二元Logistic回归分析汇总

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 B SE Wald df p OR OR的95%CI
车辆速度 V2 -1.672 0.382 19.151 1 0.000 0.188 [0.089,0.397]
界面位置 P1 10.421 3 0.015
P2 -0.117 0.484 0.058 1 0.809 0.89 [0.345,2.296]
P3 0 0.495 0 1 1.000 1 [0.379,2.638]
P4 -1.046 0.425 6.057 1 0.014 0.351 [0.153,0.808]
表达形式 光带 15.18 3 0.002
图形 -0.357 0.603 0.351 1 0.554 0.7 [0.215,2.281]
文本 -1.661 0.517 10.317 1 0.001 0.19 [0.069,0.523]
数字 -1.278 0.533 5.758 1 0.016 0.279 [0.098,0.791]
常量 5.105 0.647 62.231 1 0.000 164.915
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146119176004939786, delFlag=0, nameCn=科学技术与工程, nameEn=Science Technology and Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1671-1815, eissn=, cn=11-4688/T, coden=null, periodic=4, language=CN, oaType=是, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=UKU/O7GSka5polgCTkbIIw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Sci Technol Eng, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1754445529766, createdBy=null, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=S, firstLetterEn=S, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=自然科学, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=UKU/O7GSka5polgCTkbIIw==, picEn=5hwlULoNwcbj3xUmVi9MAQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1159791870395564357, language=CN, name=科学技术与工程, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/home, createdTime=1754445529793, updatedTime=1754445529793, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/site/menus/20090429150146001, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/author/login, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/editor/login, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/reviewer/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1159791870441701702, language=EN, name=Science Technology and Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/home, createdTime=1754445529804, updatedTime=1754445529804, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/author/login, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/editor/login, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.stae.com.cn/jsygc/reviewer/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146123166801305609, websiteList=[Website(id=1148243202391400884, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146123166801305609, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751692112777, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753520965431, updateBy=18614031015, name=科学技术与工程-中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=科学技术与工程, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148622798802673703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202391400884, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751782615614, updateTime=1751782615614, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622798781702180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202391400884, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751782615609, updateTime=1751782615609, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622798769119267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202391400884, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=j86gbwi+p0Idkyl5SzIlmQ==, createTime=1751782615606, updateTime=1751782615606, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622798794285094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202391400884, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751782615612, updateTime=1751782615612, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622798790090789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202391400884, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751782615611, updateTime=1751782615611, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1155914124811976731, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146123166801305609, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/EN, language=EN, createTime=1753521003206, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753521003206, updateBy=18614031015, name=科学技术与工程-英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Science Technology and Engineering, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155914371227308235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155914124811976731, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753521061952, updateTime=1753521061952, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155914371210531016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155914124811976731, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753521061947, updateTime=1753521061947, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155914371202142407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155914124811976731, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=j86gbwi+p0Idkyl5SzIlmQ==, createTime=1753521061945, updateTime=1753521061945, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155914371223113930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155914124811976731, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753521061950, updateTime=1753521061950, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155914371218919625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155914124811976731, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753521061949, updateTime=1753521061949, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=科学技术与工程, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=0, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Science Technology and Engineering, journalPhotoCn=UKU/O7GSka5polgCTkbIIw==, journalPhotoEn=5hwlULoNwcbj3xUmVi9MAQ==, journalFirstLetter=S, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=null, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/CN/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407829, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/EN/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407829, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/CN/PDF/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407829, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/EN/PDF/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407829, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
行驶状态下自动驾驶车外界面的可识别性
收藏切换
PDF下载
陈年娇 , 林丽 * , 李吉松
科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025,25(22): 9578-9585
收起
收藏切换
科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025, 25(22): 9578-9585
行驶状态下自动驾驶车外界面的可识别性
全屏
陈年娇 , 林丽* , 李吉松
作者信息
  • 贵州大学机械工程学院, 贵阳 550025
  • 陈年娇(2000—),女,汉族,广西玉林人,硕士研究生。研究方向:人机交互。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 林丽(1973—),女,汉族,四川南充人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向:产品设计、感性工学。E-mail:
Recognizability of External Interfaces of Autonomous Vehicles in Driving
Nian-jiao CHEN , Li LIN* , Ji-song LI
Affiliations
  • College of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China
出版时间: 2025-08-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407829
文章导航
收藏切换

车外人机交互界面通过加强自动驾驶车辆与行人、骑行者等道路使用者的沟通,提升交通安全和用户体验。探讨车外界面的可识别性是确保信号功能有效和可理解的基础,以保障行人过街安全。以信息表达形式、界面位置、自动驾驶汽车速度为自变量,采用眼动追踪技术,收集眼动数据和行为数据。通过重复测量方差分析和Logistic回归评估界面的可识别性。结果显示,界面信息形式、位置和车辆速度对可识别性有显著影响,光带可识别性最优;车辆低速行驶下界面识别效率更高;界面位于P3位置时识别效率最高,P1和P4位置最低。该研究从增强行人交通安全的视角,为行驶中的自动驾驶汽车车外交互界面设计提供了参考,有助于提高行人对车外界面的注意力和识别准确性。

交互设计  /  车外交互  /  眼动追踪  /  可识别性

The external human-machine interface is used to enhance communication between autonomous vehicles and road users like pedestrians and cyclists, thus traffic safety and user experience are improved. The recognizability of the external interface is considered the foundation for ensuring effective and understandable signal functions, and it is explored to ensure pedestrians crossing safety. The form of information expression, interface location, and the speed of autonomous vehicles were considered as independent variables, and eye-tracking technology was used to collect eye movement and behavioral data. The identifiability of the interface was evaluated through repeated measures analysis of variance and logistic regression. The results show that the form of interface information, location, and vehicle speed significantly affect identifiability. The light band has the best identifiability; higher recognition efficiency is observed when the vehicle is traveling at a low speed; and the highest recognition efficiency is found when the interface is at P3, while the lowest is noted at P1 and P4.From the perspective of enhancing pedestrian traffic safety, this study provides a reference for the design of the external interface of autonomous vehicle while driving, and helps to improve pedestrian attention and recognition accuracy of the external interface.

interaction design  /  external interface  /  eye-tracking  /  recognizability
陈年娇, 林丽, 李吉松. 行驶状态下自动驾驶车外界面的可识别性. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (22) : 9578 -9585 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407829
Nian-jiao CHEN, Li LIN, Ji-song LI. Recognizability of External Interfaces of Autonomous Vehicles in Driving[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (22) : 9578 -9585 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407829
随着自动驾驶技术的发展,未来是自动驾驶汽车(autonomous vehicle, AV)、非自动驾驶汽车与行人长期共存的画面[1]。在这种混合交通中,尽管AV可以实现对周围环境的精准感知,但仍不足以保证AV在与非自动驾驶汽车和行人交互过程中的安全[2],只有AV的驾驶意图能够被其他交通参与者理解和接受,彼此之间在行为决策上达成共识,自动驾驶车辆才能真正融入复杂的混合交通环境中[3],减少在交通上的冲突。然而,目前行人与自动驾驶汽车的交互中存在交流或认知不足的问题,影响行人在自动驾驶汽车前行动决策的信心,行人作为交通中的弱势群体,出现较为保守的交互行为。如果能够提高行人与AV接触时的安全感和交互意愿,行人在AV前穿过的可能性就越高[4]。当前的车外人机交互界面(external human machine interfaces,eHMI)有助于弥补自动驾驶汽车中因无驾驶员而造成的交互信息缺失,增强人车交互信息的透明度,提升行人对自动驾驶汽车行为的认知和信任,从而明确自身与之交互的行为。
在车外人机交互界面中的研究中,已出现了各种类型的eHMI,众多学者已从各种方面对其进行了评估。石熙普等[5]探究了文本颜色与eHMI激活距离对行人过街决策的影响,研究表明,相比于中性色,在交通中有明确意义的颜色可以明显缩短行人决策的时间,eHMI激活距离越近越会对行人的过街决策产生积极的影响;Guo等[6]评估了文本、笑脸、光带、行人图形、箭头等不同eHMI的清晰度、行人过马路时间和凝视行为,研究表明,基于文本、图标和箭头的决策时间最短、清晰度得分和视觉注意力最高,而光带的注视时间更长,难以理解,eHMI位置对行人的决策时间没有影响,但对他们的视觉搜索策略有很大影响;Eisele等[7]进行了一项基于图片的在线研究,以探究交通情境是否会对eHMI图形的理解产生影响,研究表明,在有交通情境的情况下,行人对图形的理解产生更高的准确性;Bonneviot等[8]探究了新的道路基础设施、拟人化车外人机界面、传统道路信号在行人对自动驾驶汽车信任方面的影响,研究表明,车外界面可以有效地提高在自动驾驶汽车前过马路地信任和意愿,且与常规道路信号相比,拟人化特征在获取行人信任和更安全地过马路行为方面表现出显著优势; Lau等[9]通过主观评价的方式评估静态光带和动态光带的感知安全性和可用性,研究表明,相比于静态光带,动态光带被认为更安全,且具有更高等级的可用性。
综上所述,中外学者已从eHMI的感知安全性、可理解性、信任等方面进行了大量的研究,但通常,行人在做出过街决策前,首先需要对交通场景形成正确的情景意识(situation awareness, SA),即对车辆行为进行准确地感知、理解和预测[10],其中,对eHMI信息的精准感知是行人准确理解、预测AV意图的基础,大多数情景意识的错误源自感知上的错误[11]。因此,在感知阶段,eHMI上需呈现具备高度可识别性的沟通信息,既要提高信息的显著性,又需要考虑其放置的位置以及采用的形式[12]。良好的可识别性设计能够突出信息的重点,降低认知负荷,有助于接收者快速找到关键信息,从而提高理解的效率,协助行为决策,为了保障自动驾驶人车交互场景中行人的安全性,eHMI信息的可识别性研究成为一项重要的课题。
目前,越来越多学者探究车辆隐式特征和显示特征的组合如何影响行人的过街决策[5],如在车辆的不同减速策略、距离,以及eHMI的启动时间对行人过街行为的影响。Lau等[13]研究表明,车辆提前减速的低速行驶行为和动态eHMI能够促使行人更早过马路,并提高了行人对车辆行为的安全感和信任感;Devi等[14]研究表明,当车辆突然减速而不是逐渐减速时,儿童和成人进入道路的等待时间都更长,相较于eHMI的早期启动,eHMI的晚期启动会促使行人产生更安全的行为;Lee等[15]测量了eHMI可感知的距离,以及车辆隐式特征和eHMI的组合对行人过街决策的影响,结果表明,传统的闪烁大灯比新型脉冲光带的可感知距离更远,行人的过街时间更早。eHMI作为车载系统的一部分,跟随车的速度变化形成移动式界面,行人对界面的感知会受到AV移动速度和距离的影响,同时,在车辆具有速度情况下的eHMI信息呈现对行人安全过街更具价值。
因此,现探究在车辆行驶状态下,eHMI放置位置及信息表达形式对可识别性优劣的影响。因eHMI信息主要是视觉信息,眼动追踪技术在界面设计领域已被广泛应用,特别是视觉搜索[16-17]、目标识别[18-19]和视觉注意力[20-21]等方面的研究。因此,现以eHMI作为研究对象,通过眼动追踪实验定量研究eHMI放置位置及信息表达形式在行人过街决策过程中的可识别性优劣。在复杂的车外环境中,界面表达形式的可识别性优劣直接影响界面的有效性和安全性。但由于目前缺乏统一的表达形式,研究可识别性为设计师提供科学依据,帮助其选择合适的表达方式,并确保设计元素在不同情境下能够快速、准确地被识别,提升交通环境中的用户体验和安全性。
眼动数据由SMI-RED500型眼动跟踪器采集,采样率128 Hz。运用可采集毫秒级反应时的心理学软件E-prime2.0进行实验编写,用于采集被试反应时间及反应正误结果。视频显示屏幕分辨率设置1 680×1 050与视频的分辨率一致。
实验共招募了24个被试,其中男性11名,女性13名,所有被试视力或矫正视力正常,符合眼动实验的标准,在签署书面同意书后自愿参加实验。
由于在真实场景下的自动驾驶汽车与行人之间的交互实验开展极为困难,受到各种条件的限制。因此,本次实验通过3D建模软件构建行人与自动驾驶汽车之间交互的场景,并渲染出视频,在实验室模拟真实的交互场景。视频以行人视角构建,被试需要假设自己正与视频中的自动驾驶汽车进行交互,如图1所示。在视频中,自动驾驶汽车与行人之间的距离为60 m,自动驾驶汽车分别以50 km/h高速、10 km/h低速匀速行驶经[22-23]过行人而不停止,如图2所示。同时自动驾驶汽车正前方外部的不同部位配备不同类型的eHMI,表1为光带、图形、文本、数字4类不同的信息表达形式,传达在人车交互过程中,车辆对行人让行的信息,为了避免颜色的影响,信息呈现统一使用白色。图3为界面不同的放置位置,同时也作为4个兴趣区域,不同的信息表达形式和界面放置位置形成不同类型的eHMI。行人和自动驾驶汽车都位于一条路面平坦且笔直的单向双车道上,附近没有斑马线和红绿灯。
实验前,对被试进行眼动仪的定标,之后请被试阅读引导语,让被试了解整个实验流程。随后随机呈现5组练习作为预实验,使被试熟悉测试过程,避免误操作发生,之后进入正式实验。实验首先呈现1 000 ms的十字注视点,被试集中注意力,之后呈现刺激视频界面,当被试找到自动驾驶汽车上的车外界面,并辨认清楚后点击空格键,界面跳转到判断界面,判断之前在刺激视频界面看到的车外信息表达形式的信息内容,其中一个为正确信息,另外一个为错误信息。刺激视频界面和判断界面的呈现不设置限定时间,直到被试做出按键反应,之后出现500 ms的空屏,防止被试出现视觉残留,重复此操作直至实验结束。实验流程如图4所示。
在实验中,采用眼动追踪技术收集被试在模拟行人与自动驾驶汽车交互时,对不同车外交互界面方案的眼动数据。在眼动众多数据中,首次进入兴趣区域(area of interest,AOI)的时间(entry time,ET)指刺激开始呈现,到被试注视点第一次出现在AOI的时间,时间越短表示它越容易引起被试注意[27]。注视点个数(fixation count,FC)是在进行视觉搜索任务过程中,保持一定注视时长的注视点个数,用于比较目标可发现性,注视点数目少则表明目标更容易被发现与识别[20]。因此,本文研究以提取首次进入AOI时间(ET)、注视点个数(FC)作为主要的眼动指标,并记录被试的反应时间(response time, RT)及识别正确率(accuracy,ACC)两类行为数据。
采集完所有数据后,除去有缺失的数据,基于SPSS26箱型图的数据处理方法剔除异常值,最终一共剔除了48组有缺失或异常的数据,剩余有效数据736组。
在数据分析时,由于不同速度下的视频时长不一样,所以后续取RT、ET与视频时长的百分比进行数据分析,以消除视频时长不同造成的误差。
将ET与视频时长的百分比、RT与视频时长的百分比、注视点个数作为因变量,各组数据均服从正态分布或近似正态分布。采用2(车辆速度:V1=10 km/h、V2=50 km/h)×4(界面放置位置:P1、P2、P3、P4)×4(信息表达形式:光带、图形、文本、数字)的三因素重复测量方差分析,得到这3类因素对眼
动数据和行为数据的主效应和交互效应,以揭示单个自变量对因变量的影响,以及自变量交互作用对因变量的影响,η2作为效应量(反应因素对整体因变量的影响大小),重复测量方差分析结果如表2所示。若自变量的交互效应显著,则对自变量进一步进行简单效应分析,更加细致地理解多个因素如何共同影响因变量,以及交互作用的具体表现形式,对不满足球形检验的统计效应采用Greenhouse-Geisser法矫正p值,并采用Bonferroni法对简单效应中的p值进行校正。
在首次进入AOI时间百分比(以下简称ET百分比)上,车辆速度、界面位置、信息表达形式的主效应都显著(p<0.001),信息表达形式和车辆速度交互作用显著(p=0.033),信息表达形式和界面位置交互作用显著(p<0.001),界面位置和车辆速度交互作用显著(p<0.001)。信息表达形式、界面放置位置、车辆速度三项交互作用显著(p<0.001)。进一步简单效应分析显示,当车辆速度为10 km/h且界面位于P1、P2、P4区域时,光带的ET百分比显著小于其他3类表达形式,界面位于P3区域时,光带的ET百分比显著小于文本和数字,光带与图形之间差异不显著;界面位于P1、P2、P3区域时,图形的ET百分比显著小于文本和数字的ET百分比;界面位于P4区域时,图形的ET百分比最大。当车辆速度为50 km/h且界面位于P1、P2区域时,信息表达形式为光带的ET百分比显著小于其他3类表达形式;界面位于P3时,光带的ET百分比显著小于图形和文本,与数字之间差异不显著,图形和文本的ET百分比显著小于数字;界面位于P4区域时,4类表达形式的ET百分比之间差异不显著,各表达形式在不同车辆速度、界面位置下的ET百分比如图5所示。
在注视点个数上,信息表达形式、车辆速度、界面位置主效应都显著(p<0.001),信息表达形式和车辆速度的交互作用显著(p<0.001),信息表达形式和界面位置交互作用显著(p=0.002<0.05),车辆速度和界面位置的交互作用显著(p<0.001)。信息表达形式、界面放置位置、车辆速度三项交互作用显著(p<0.001)。简单效应分析结果显示,当车辆速度为10 km/h且界面位于P1、P2、P3、P4区域时,信息表达形式为光带的注视点个数显著小于其他三类表达形式。当车辆速度为50 km/h且界面位于P1、P2、P3区域时,信息表达形式为光带的注视点个数显著小于其他三类表达形式,当界面位于P4时,数字的注视点个数显著大于其他信息表达形式。不同车辆速度水平、界面位置下各表达形式的注视点个数如图6所示。
在反应时间百分比(以下简称RT百分比)上,信息表达形式、车辆速度、界面位置的主效应都显著(p<0.001),信息表达形式和车辆速度交互作用显著(p<0.001),信息表达形式和界面位置交互作用显著(p<0.001),车辆速度和界面位置交互作用显著(p=0.001),信息表达形式、车辆速度与界面位置三项交互作用显著(p<0.001)。进一步进行简单效应分析,结果显示,当车辆速度为10 km/h且界面位于P1、P2、P3、P4时,光带的RT百分比显著小于其他三类表达形式,图形、文本、数字之间的RT百分比差异不显著。当车辆速度为50 km/h且界面位于P1、P2、P3、P4时,光带的RT百分比显著小于其他三类表达形式,如图7所示。
对比不同界面位置上的平均ET百分比可知,如图8所示,无论车辆速度为10 km/h还是50 km/h,P3位置的平均ET百分比最小,其次是P2位置,P1、P4位置的平均ET百分比最大,说明相较于其他3个位置,P3位置更容易引起被试的注意。在平均注视点个数上,如图9所示,车辆速度为10 km/h的注视点个数大于另一速度水平下的注视点个数,这可能是因为在车辆低速行驶的情况下,用户可以花更多时间对车辆的不同部分进行注视和分析,增加了注视点个数,且在车辆速度为10 km/h情况下,P3位置的注视点个数最多。对比不同界面位置、车辆速度的平均RT百分比发现,如图10所示,无论车辆速度处于哪种水平,P3位置的平均RT百分比都小于其他的界面位置,且车辆速度处于较低水平时,被试的平均RT百分比更小,说明在低速情况下,被试的反应距离更短。
由于因变量正确率ACC为二分类变量,所以采用二元Logistic回归模型进行分析。结果显示,车辆速度(p=0.000<0.001)对识别正确率有显著影响,其中车辆速度的回归系数B=-1.672为负值,表明车辆速度会对识别正确率产生负向影响,其OR=0.188,意味着V1的识别正确率是V2的0.188倍,相比于V2,在速度V1下,行人具有更高的识别正确率,这说明在低速的情况下,行人能更好地识别车外交互界面的信息。界面位置P1(p=0.015)、P4(p=0.014)以及表达形式光带(p=0.002)、文本(p=0.001)、数字(p=0.016)均对识别正确率有显著影响,界面位置P2(p=0.809)、P3(p=1.000)和表达形式图形(p=0.554)对识别正确率没有显著影响。在界面位置变量中,以P1作为参照组,P2、P3、P4的识别正确率分别是P1的0.89、1、0.351倍;在表达形式变量中,以光带作为参照组,图形、文本、数字的识别正确率分别是光带的0.7、0.19、0.279倍。
通过改变界面放置位置和信息表达形式,设置了不同位置不同信息表达形式的eHMI,让eHMI匹配在具有不同行驶速度的无人驾驶汽车上,通过3D max软件渲染出人车交互视频,运用眼动追踪技术,采集被试在不同自变量条件下的眼动数据和行为数据,对eHMI的不同信息表达形式的可识别性进行评估。对眼动数据和行为数据进行三因素重复测量方差分析和二元Logistic回归分析,得出以下结论。
(1)在眼动数据的分析上,信息表达形式、界面位置、车辆速度均对ET百分比、注视点个数具有显著差异,并且光带类的表达形式无论处于什么样的位置和速度下,其相关眼动数据都最优。P3位置的ET百分比相较于其他位置来说最小,说明在进行人车交互时,P3位置比较容易引起行人的注意。当车辆在较低速度行驶时,各信息表达形式在不同位置的注视点数均多于较高速度行驶时,说明在低速情况下,被试能够更好地搜索车外界面信息。
(2)在RT百分比的分析上,信息表达形式、界面位置、车辆速度均对RT百分比具有显著差异,且在不同位置和车辆速度下光带类的表达形式的RT百分比最小,说明光带的识别效率最高。
在识别正确率的分析上,光带的正确率最高,其次是图形、数字,文本的正确率最低;在车辆低速时的识别正确率高于车辆高速时的识别正确率。
(3)相比于其他界面位置,P3位置更容易引起行人的注意,在车辆低速行驶的情况下,行人能更快地识别eHMI且准确率更高。
相较于静止图片实验的研究来说,本文研究通过视频来模拟人车交互场景进行眼动实验,进一步考虑了车辆速度对行人感知车外-交互界面的影响,充分体现了eHMI的特殊性,即移动式交互界面。此外,比较了不同位置和信息表达形式的可识别性优劣,从行人高效识别车辆信息、安全行走的视角,为未来自动驾驶汽车的车外界面放置位置和信息表达形式的确定提供参考。
但由于实验条件的限制以及对安全的考虑,本研究以视频的形式模拟行人与自动驾驶汽车交互场景进行实验,这可能与实际的人车交互环境存在一定差异。此外,本文研究只对eHMI的4类表达形式进行可识别性研究,未来会出现更多的表达形式或复合型的表达形式,如何促进不同界面类型的融合与协同,并将评估标准与自动驾驶汽车的运动学特征和交互策略紧密结合是未来需要进一步研究的课题。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52465024)
  • 贵州省科技计划(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]重点055)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
王聪, 胡文, 李文博, 等. 社会认知自动驾驶[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(20): 304-324.
Wang Cong, Hu Wen, Li Wenbo, et al. Social cognitive autonomous driving[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(20): 304-324.
[2]
朱智湧, 秦华, 冉令华, 等. 左转车驾驶风格对直行车交互行为影响[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2024, 24(31): 13612-13619.
Zhu Zhiyong, Qin Hua, Ran Linghua, et al. Effect of driving style of left-turning vehicles on the interaction behavior of straight-traveling vehicles[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2024, 24(31): 13612-13619.
[3]
朱冰, 贾士政, 赵健, 等. 自动驾驶车辆决策与规划研究综述[J]. 中国公路学报, 2024, 37(1): 215-240.
Zhu Bing, Jia Shizheng, Zhao Jian, et al. A review of research on decision-making and planning for automated vehicles[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2024, 37(1): 215-240.
[4]
Wil-Brink M, Lau M, Illgner J, et al. Impact of external human-machine interface communication strategies of automated vehicles on pedestrians’ crossing decisions and behaviors in an urban environment[J]. Sustainability, 2021, 13(15). DOI: 10.3390/su13158396.
[5]
石熙普, 秦华, 冉令华, 等. 自动驾驶车辆意图呈现对行人过街决策的影响[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2024, 24(32): 14041-14048.
Shi Xipu, Qin Hua, Ran Linghua, et al. Impact of self-driving vehicle intent presentation on pedestrian crossing decisions[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2024, 24(32): 14041-14048.
[6]
Guo F, Lyu W, Ren Z, et al. A video-based, eye-tracking study to investigate the effect of ehmi modalities and locations on pedestrian-automated vehicle interaction[J]. Sustainability, 2022, 14(9). DOI: 10.3390/su14095633.
[7]
Eisele D, Petzoldt T. Effects of traffic context on eHMI icon comprehension[J]. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2022, 85: 1-12.
[8]
Bonneviot F, Coeugnet S, Brangier E. How to improve pedestrians’ trust in automated vehicles: new road infrastructure, external human-machine interface with anthropomorphism, or conventional road signaling?[J]. Frontiers in Psychology, 2023, 14. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1129341.
[9]
Lau M, Jipp M, Oehl M. One Solution Fits All? Evaluating different communication strategies of a light-based external human-machine interface for differently sized automated vehicles from a pedestrian’s perspective[J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2022, 171. DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106641.
[10]
王辉, 秦华, 冉令华, 等. 无交通信号路口行人过街的人车交互过程研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2023, 23(28): 12275-12281.
Wang Hui, Qin Hua, Ran Linghua, et al. Human vehicle interaction process of pedestrian crossing at no traffic signal intersection[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2023, 23(28): 12275-12281.
[11]
Jones D, Endsley M. Sources of situation awareness errors in aviation[J]. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 1996, 67: 507-512.
[12]
蒋倩妮, 庄想灵, 马国杰. 自动驾驶汽车与行人交互中的沟通界面设计: 基于行人过街决策模型的评估[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(11): 1979-1992.
Jiang Qianni, Zhuang Xiangling, Ma Guojie. Evaluation of external HMI in autonomous vehicles based on pedestrian road crossing decision-making model[J]. Advances in Psychological Science, 2021, 29(11): 1979-1992.
[13]
Lau M, Nguyen H P, Jipp M, et al. from visions to reality: investigating the interplay of vehicle kinematics and light-band ehmi in a real vehicle study[J]. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2024, 103: 79-95.
[14]
Devi S L, O’neal E E, Kim N Y, et al. Deciding when to cross in front of an autonomous vehicle: how child and adult pedestrians respond to eHMI timing and vehicle kinematics[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2024, 202. DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2024.107567.
[15]
Lee Y M, Madigan R, Uzondu C, et al. Learning to interpret novel eHMI: the effect of vehicle kinematics and eHMI familiarity on pedestrian’ crossing behavior[J]. Journal of Safety Research, 2022, 80: 270-280.
[16]
Luo S J, Lin H, Hu Y Q. Effects of taillight shape on conspicuity of vehicles at night[J]. Applied Ergonomics, 2021, 93. DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103361.
[17]
宫勇, 裘曼琳, 霍发仁. 基于视觉复杂度、空间频率的汽车界面图标视觉搜索效率研究[J]. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2023, 35(10): 1612-1619.
Gong Yong, Qiu Manlin, Huo Faren. Research on the efficiency of visual search for car interface icons based on visual complexity and spatial frequency[J]. Journal of Computer-Aided Design & Computer Graphics, 2023, 35(10): 1612-1619.
[18]
宋知潼, 刘玉雪, 刘洋, 等. 基于眼动实验的飞机座舱界面字符编码分析[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2023, 23(33): 14144-14153.
Song Zhitong, Liu Yuxue, Liu Yang, et al. Analysis of the aircraft cockpit interface character encoding based on the eye movement experiment[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2023, 23(33): 14144-14153.
[19]
Costa M, Bonetti L, Vignali V, et al. The role of peripheral vision in vertical road sign identification and discrimination[J]. Ergonomics, 2018, 61(12): 1619-1634.
[20]
那艳玲, 李伟, 尹昀朗, 等. 动态照明标识对地铁乘客视觉感知度影响研究[J]. 铁道工程学报, 2023, 40(8): 103-108.
Na Yanling, Li Wei, Yin Yunlang, et al. Study on the influence of dynamic lighting signs on visual perception in subway stations[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 2023, 40(8): 103-108.
[21]
Zhu T, Yang Y. Research on mobile learning platform interface design based on college students’ visual attention characteristics[J]. PLoS One, 2023, 18(7). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283778.
[22]
Ackermann C, Beggiato M, Schubert S, et al. An experimental study to investigate design and assessment criteria: what is important for communication between pedestrians and automated vehicles?[J]. Applied Ergonomics, 2019, 75: 272-282.
[23]
Bazilinskyy P, Kooijman L, Dodou D, et al. How should external human-machine interfaces behave? examining the effects of colour, position, message, activation distance, vehicle yielding, and vi-sual distraction among 1 434 participants[J]. Applied Ergonomics, 2021, 95. DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103450.
[24]
Habibovic A, Lundgren V M, Andersson J, et al. Communicating intent of automated vehicles to pedestrians[J]. Frontiers in Psychology, 2018, 9. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01336.
[25]
Eisma Y B, Reiff A, Kooijman L, et al. External human-machine interfaces: effects of message perspective[J]. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2021, 78: 30-41.
[26]
Wang P, Motamedi S, Qi S, et al. Pedestrian interaction with automated vehicles at uncontrolled intersections[J]. Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2021, 77: 10-25.
[27]
刘文, 桂慧. 基于眼动实验的增强现实抬头显示器色彩编码研究[J]. 包装工程, 2024, 45(24): 152-162, 191.
Liu Wen, Gui Hui. Color coding study of augmented reality heads-up display based on eye movement experiments[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2024, 45(24): 152-162, 191.
2025年第25卷第22期
PDF下载
174
93
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407829
  • 接收时间:2024-10-21
  • 首发时间:2026-02-11
  • 出版时间:2025-08-08
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-21
  • 修回日期:2025-05-14
基金
国家自然科学基金(52465024)
贵州省科技计划(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]重点055)
作者信息
    贵州大学机械工程学院, 贵阳 550025

通讯作者:

* 林丽(1973—),女,汉族,四川南充人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向:产品设计、感性工学。E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/CN/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407829
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏