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Oil transfer station plays a crucial role in the oil and gas gathering and transportation system of an oilfield, ensuring stable production and continuous supply of oil and gas. However, given the complexity of its process system and the ambiguous uncertainty surrounding fault modes and relationships, a systematic reliability assessment method integrating T-S fuzzy fault trees with BNs(Bayesian networks) was proposed. Firstly, a T-S fuzzy fault tree was established based on T-S gates and their descriptive rules, which is subsequently converted into a Bayesian network model. Secondly, leveraging limited fault samples and general data sources, Bayesian updating estimation was employed to determine the failure rates of basic events, addressing the uncertainty inherent in fault sample data. Lastly, the T-S fault tree and BN model were synergistically utilized for forward reasoning to predict the reliability of the process system and the contribution of basic events, while reverse diagnosis is conducted to pinpoint the key factors causing different fault states of the system. Research conducted on typical oil transfer station process systems has demonstrated that the proposed method can effectively predict system failure rates and diagnose weak links even under conditions of uncertainty in basic data and event relationships. This provides crucial decision support for the optimal design and reliability maintenance of complex oil and gas process systems.

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转油站是油田油气集输系统的核心枢纽,对于维持油田稳定生产和油气持续供应至关重要。鉴于其工艺系统的复杂性以及故障的多态性和故障关系的模糊不确定性,提出了融合T-S模糊故障树与贝叶斯网络(Bayesian network,BN)的系统可靠性评估方法。首先,基于T-S门及其描述规则建立T-S模糊故障树,并将其转化成贝叶斯网络模型;其次,结合有限的故障样本和通用数据源,基于贝叶斯更新估计确定基本事件故障率,以应对故障样本数据的不确定性;最后,协同运用T-S故障树和BN模型,正向推理预测工艺系统的可靠性和基本事件的贡献度,并反向诊断导致系统不同故障状态发生的关键致因。针对典型转油站工艺系统的应用研究表明,本文方法能够在基础数据和事件关系不确定性条件下实现系统故障率预测和薄弱环节诊断,从而为复杂油气工艺系统优化设计和可靠性维护提供决策支持。

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王大庆(1980—),男,汉族,重庆人,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:油气储运工程系统完整性管理技术。E-mail:

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王大庆(1980—),男,汉族,重庆人,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:油气储运工程系统完整性管理技术。E-mail:

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Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 2009, 94(2): 445-455., articleTitle=On the use of the hybrid causal logic method in offshore risk analysis, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1228401897636294910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, awardId=CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0772, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0772), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228401897686626559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, awardId=cstc2021jsyj-yzysbAX0024, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市技术预见与制度创新项目(cstc2021jsyj-yzysbAX0024), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1228401891902681272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228401891911069881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, companyId=1228401891902681272, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Petroleum Engineering, Chongqing University of Science & Technology, Chongqing 401331, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228401891915264186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, companyId=1228401891902681272, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 重庆科技大学石油与天然气工程学院, 重庆 401331)]), AuthorCompany(id=1228401891973984443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228401891982373052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, companyId=1228401891973984443, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Daqing Oilfield Design Institute Co., Ltd., Daqing 163712, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1228401891990761661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, companyId=1228401891973984443, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 大庆油田设计院有限公司, 大庆 163712)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1228401893592985818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=T-S fuzzy fault tree, figureFileSmall=tzrOmrYnf5AtJU8SXnda7A==, figureFileBig=S1RxKJoqd4n51EsCwoUsjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228401893660094683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, language=CN, label=图1, caption=T-S模糊故障树

y为上级事件或中间事件;xi为下级事件,其中i=1,2,…,n

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λ为故障率;f(λ)为λ的概率密度函数

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x1~x27为根节点;y1~y5为中间节点;T为叶节点

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Description rules of T-S fuzzy gate

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
规则 x1 x2 xn y
${S}_{y}^{1}$ ${S}_{y}^{2}$ ${S}_{y}^{{k}_{y}}$
l ${S}_{1}^{{a}_{1}}$ ${S}_{2}^{{a}_{2}}$ ${S}_{n}^{{a}_{n}}$ ${P}_{l}(y={S}_{y}^{1})$ ${P}_{l}(y={S}_{y}^{2})$ ${P}_{l}(y={S}_{y}^{{k}_{y}})$
), ArticleFig(id=1228401894658339049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

T-S模糊门的描述规则

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
规则 x1 x2 xn y
${S}_{y}^{1}$ ${S}_{y}^{2}$ ${S}_{y}^{{k}_{y}}$
l ${S}_{1}^{{a}_{1}}$ ${S}_{2}^{{a}_{2}}$ ${S}_{n}^{{a}_{n}}$ ${P}_{l}(y={S}_{y}^{1})$ ${P}_{l}(y={S}_{y}^{2})$ ${P}_{l}(y={S}_{y}^{{k}_{y}})$
), ArticleFig(id=1228401894738030826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Bayesian updating estimation method for equipment failure rate

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
故障率
类型
可依托
数据库
先验分布 似然函数 后验分布
类型 表达式 类型 表达式 类型 表达式
运行
故障
λ
OREDA\
EIReDA
伽马
分布
概率密度函数:
$f\left(\lambda \right)=\frac{{\beta }^{\alpha }}{\Gamma \left(\alpha \right)}{\lambda }^{\alpha -1}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\beta \lambda };$
分布参数:α=[E(λ)]2/V(λ),
β=E(λ)/V(λ);
伽玛函数:$\Gamma \left(\alpha \right)={\int }_{0}^{\infty }{u}^{\alpha -1}{\mathrm{e}}^{-u}\mathrm{d}u$
泊松
分布
似然函数:
$P(X=k|\lambda )=\frac{{\left(\lambda t\right)}^{k}}{k!}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\lambda t};$
极大似然估计:$\hat{\lambda }=k/\tau $
伽马
分布
概率密度函数:
${f}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(\lambda \right)\propto {\lambda }^{(\alpha +k)-1}{\mathrm{e}}^{-(\beta +\tau )\lambda };$
均值:${E}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(\lambda \right)=\frac{\alpha +k}{\beta +t};$
90%贝叶斯置信区间:
${\lambda }_{0.05}^{\mathrm{*}}={\chi }_{0.05}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)/2(\beta +\tau ),$${\lambda }_{0.95}^{\mathrm{*}}={\chi }_{0.95}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)/2(\beta +\tau )$
CCPS\
EXIDA
对数
正态
分布
概率密度函数:
$f\left(\lambda \right)=\frac{1}{\lambda \sigma \sqrt{2\mathrm{\pi }}}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}\left[-\frac{{(\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}\lambda -\mu )}^{2}}{2{\sigma }^{2}}\right];$
等效伽马先验分布参数:
$\alpha =\frac{1}{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}[\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}{E}_{\mathrm{f}}{\left(\lambda \right)/1.645]}^{2}-1},$$\beta =\frac{1}{E\left(\lambda \right)\left\{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}\right[\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}{E}_{\mathrm{f}}{\left(\lambda \right)/1.645]}^{2}-1\}};$
误差因子:Ef(λ)=(λ0.95/λ0.05)1/2
泊松
分布
似然函数:
$P(X=k|\lambda )=\frac{{\left(\lambda t\right)}^{k}}{k!}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\lambda t};$
极大似然估计:$\hat{\lambda }=k/\tau $
伽马
分布
概率密度函数:
${f}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(\lambda \right)\propto {\lambda }^{(\alpha +k)-1}{\mathrm{e}}^{-(\beta +\tau )\lambda };$
均值:${E}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(\lambda \right)=\frac{\alpha +k}{\beta +t};$
90%贝叶斯置信区间:
${\lambda }_{0.05}^{\mathrm{*}}={\chi }_{0.05}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)/2(\beta +\tau ),$${\lambda }_{0.95}^{\mathrm{*}}={\chi }_{0.95}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)/2(\beta +\tau )$
Jeffreys
无信息
先验分布
伽马分布形式:
Ga(α, β)=Ga(0.5, 0);
分布参数:α=0.5;β=0
泊松
分布
似然函数:
$P(X=k|\lambda )=\frac{{\left(\lambda t\right)}^{k}}{k!}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\lambda t};$
极大似然估计:
$\hat{\lambda }=k/\tau $
伽马
分布
均值:${E}_{\mathrm{J}}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(\lambda \right)=\frac{0.5+k}{\tau };$
90%贝叶斯置信区间:
${\lambda }_{\mathrm{J},0.05}^{\mathrm{*}}=\frac{{\chi }_{0.05}^{2}(1+2k)}{2\tau },$${\lambda }_{\mathrm{J},0.95}^{\mathrm{*}}={\chi }_{0.95}^{2}(1+2k)/2\tau $
需求
故障
p
EIReDA 贝塔
分布
概率密度函数:
$f\left(p\right)=\frac{\Gamma (\alpha +\beta )}{\Gamma \left(\alpha \right)\Gamma \left(\beta \right)}{p}^{\alpha -1}{(1-p)}^{\beta -1};$
分布参数:
$\alpha =\frac{\left[E{\left(p\right)]}^{2}\right[1-E\left(p\right)]}{V\left(p\right)}-E\left(p\right),$$\beta =\frac{E\left(p\right)[1-E{\left(p\right)]}^{2}}{V\left(p\right)}+E\left(p\right)-1$
二项式
分布
似然函数:
$\begin{array}{l}P(X=k|p)=\\ \frac{m!}{k!(m-k)!}{p}^{k}{(1-p)}^{m-k},\end{array}$$\begin{array}{l}n=2k/\left(\lambda {T}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}\right)=\\ 2k{M}_{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{F}}/{T}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}\end{array}$
贝塔
分布
概率密度函数:
${f}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(p\right)\propto {p}^{\left(\alpha +k\right)-1}{(1-p)}^{(\beta +m-k)-1};$
均值:${E}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(p\right)=\frac{\alpha +k}{\alpha +\beta +m};$
90%贝叶斯置信区间:
${p}_{0.05}^{\mathrm{*}}=\frac{{\chi }_{0.05}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)}{2\beta +2m-2k+{\chi }_{0.05}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)},$${p}_{0.95}^{\mathrm{*}}=\frac{{\chi }_{0.95}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)}{2\beta +2m-2k+{\chi }_{0.95}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)}$
OREDA 伽马
分布
等效转换:
伽马先验数据→贝塔先验数据
(λ0.05,λmean,λ0.95)→
(p0.05,pmean,p0.95)→α,β
二项式
分布
似然函数:
$\begin{array}{l}P(X=k|p)=\\ \frac{m!}{k!(m-k)!}{p}^{k}{(1-p)}^{m-k},\end{array}$$\begin{array}{l}n=2k/\left(\lambda {T}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}\right)=\\ 2k{M}_{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{F}}/{T}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}\end{array}$
贝塔
分布
概率密度函数:
${f}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(p\right)\propto {p}^{(\alpha +k)-1}{(1-p)}^{(\beta +m-k)-1};$
均值:${E}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(p\right)=\frac{\alpha +k}{\alpha +\beta +m};$
90%贝叶斯置信区间:
${p}_{0.05}^{\mathrm{*}}=\frac{{\chi }_{0.05}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)}{2\beta +2m-2k+{\chi }_{0.05}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)},$${p}_{0.95}^{\mathrm{*}}=\frac{{\chi }_{0.95}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)}{2\beta +2m-2k+{\chi }_{0.95}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)}$
CCPS\
EXIDA
对数
正态
分布
概率密度函数:
$f\left(\lambda \right)=\frac{1}{\lambda \sigma \sqrt{2\mathrm{\pi }}}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}\left[-\frac{{(\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}\lambda -\mu )}^{2}}{2{\sigma }^{2}}\right];$
等效贝塔先验分布参数:
$\alpha =\frac{1-E\left(p\right)}{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}[\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}{E}_{\mathrm{f}}{\left(p\right)/1.645]}^{2}-1}-E\left(p\right),$$\begin{array}{l}\beta =\frac{[1-E{\left(p\right)]}^{2}}{\left\{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}\right[\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}{E}_{\mathrm{f}}{\left(p\right)/1.645]}^{2}-1\left\}E\right(p)}+\\ E\left(p\right)-1;\end{array}$
误差因子:Ef(p)=(p0.95/p0.05)1/2
二项式
分布
似然函数:
$\begin{array}{l}P(X=k|p)=\\ \frac{m!}{k!(m-k)!}{p}^{k}{(1-p)}^{m-k},\end{array}$$\begin{array}{l}n=2k/\left(\lambda {T}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}\right)=\\ 2k{M}_{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{F}}/{T}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}\end{array}$
贝塔
分布
概率密度函数:
${f}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(p\right)\propto {p}^{(\alpha +k)-1}{(1-p)}^{(\beta +m-k)-1};$
均值:${E}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(p\right)=\frac{\alpha +k}{\alpha +\beta +m};$
90%贝叶斯置信区间:
${p}_{0.05}^{\mathrm{*}}=\frac{{\chi }_{0.05}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)}{2\beta +2m-2k+{\chi }_{0.05}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)},$${p}_{0.95}^{\mathrm{*}}=\frac{{\chi }_{0.95}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)}{2\beta +2m-2k+{\chi }_{0.95}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)}$
Jeffreys
无信息
先验分布
贝塔分布形式:
Be(α, β)=Be(0.5, 0.5);
分布参数:α=0.5;β=0.5
二项式
分布
似然函数:
$\begin{array}{l}P(X=k|p)=\\ \frac{m!}{k!(m-k)!}{p}^{k}{(1-p)}^{m-k},\end{array}$$\begin{array}{l}n=2k/\left(\lambda {T}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}\right)=\\ 2k{M}_{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{F}}/{T}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}\end{array}$
贝塔
分布
均值:${E}_{J}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(p\right)=\frac{k+0.5}{m+1};$
90%贝叶斯置信区间:
${p}_{J,0.05}^{\mathrm{*}}=\frac{{\chi }_{0.05}^{2}(2k+1)}{(2m-2k+1)+{\chi }_{0.05}^{2}(2k+1)},$${p}_{J,0.95}^{\mathrm{*}}=\frac{{\chi }_{0.95}^{2}(2k+1)}{(2m-2k+1)+{\chi }_{0.95}^{2}(2k+1)}$
), ArticleFig(id=1228401894838694123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

设备故障率的贝叶斯更新估计方法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
故障率
类型
可依托
数据库
先验分布 似然函数 后验分布
类型 表达式 类型 表达式 类型 表达式
运行
故障
λ
OREDA\
EIReDA
伽马
分布
概率密度函数:
$f\left(\lambda \right)=\frac{{\beta }^{\alpha }}{\Gamma \left(\alpha \right)}{\lambda }^{\alpha -1}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\beta \lambda };$
分布参数:α=[E(λ)]2/V(λ),
β=E(λ)/V(λ);
伽玛函数:$\Gamma \left(\alpha \right)={\int }_{0}^{\infty }{u}^{\alpha -1}{\mathrm{e}}^{-u}\mathrm{d}u$
泊松
分布
似然函数:
$P(X=k|\lambda )=\frac{{\left(\lambda t\right)}^{k}}{k!}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\lambda t};$
极大似然估计:$\hat{\lambda }=k/\tau $
伽马
分布
概率密度函数:
${f}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(\lambda \right)\propto {\lambda }^{(\alpha +k)-1}{\mathrm{e}}^{-(\beta +\tau )\lambda };$
均值:${E}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(\lambda \right)=\frac{\alpha +k}{\beta +t};$
90%贝叶斯置信区间:
${\lambda }_{0.05}^{\mathrm{*}}={\chi }_{0.05}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)/2(\beta +\tau ),$${\lambda }_{0.95}^{\mathrm{*}}={\chi }_{0.95}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)/2(\beta +\tau )$
CCPS\
EXIDA
对数
正态
分布
概率密度函数:
$f\left(\lambda \right)=\frac{1}{\lambda \sigma \sqrt{2\mathrm{\pi }}}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}\left[-\frac{{(\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}\lambda -\mu )}^{2}}{2{\sigma }^{2}}\right];$
等效伽马先验分布参数:
$\alpha =\frac{1}{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}[\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}{E}_{\mathrm{f}}{\left(\lambda \right)/1.645]}^{2}-1},$$\beta =\frac{1}{E\left(\lambda \right)\left\{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}\right[\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}{E}_{\mathrm{f}}{\left(\lambda \right)/1.645]}^{2}-1\}};$
误差因子:Ef(λ)=(λ0.95/λ0.05)1/2
泊松
分布
似然函数:
$P(X=k|\lambda )=\frac{{\left(\lambda t\right)}^{k}}{k!}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\lambda t};$
极大似然估计:$\hat{\lambda }=k/\tau $
伽马
分布
概率密度函数:
${f}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(\lambda \right)\propto {\lambda }^{(\alpha +k)-1}{\mathrm{e}}^{-(\beta +\tau )\lambda };$
均值:${E}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(\lambda \right)=\frac{\alpha +k}{\beta +t};$
90%贝叶斯置信区间:
${\lambda }_{0.05}^{\mathrm{*}}={\chi }_{0.05}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)/2(\beta +\tau ),$${\lambda }_{0.95}^{\mathrm{*}}={\chi }_{0.95}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)/2(\beta +\tau )$
Jeffreys
无信息
先验分布
伽马分布形式:
Ga(α, β)=Ga(0.5, 0);
分布参数:α=0.5;β=0
泊松
分布
似然函数:
$P(X=k|\lambda )=\frac{{\left(\lambda t\right)}^{k}}{k!}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\lambda t};$
极大似然估计:
$\hat{\lambda }=k/\tau $
伽马
分布
均值:${E}_{\mathrm{J}}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(\lambda \right)=\frac{0.5+k}{\tau };$
90%贝叶斯置信区间:
${\lambda }_{\mathrm{J},0.05}^{\mathrm{*}}=\frac{{\chi }_{0.05}^{2}(1+2k)}{2\tau },$${\lambda }_{\mathrm{J},0.95}^{\mathrm{*}}={\chi }_{0.95}^{2}(1+2k)/2\tau $
需求
故障
p
EIReDA 贝塔
分布
概率密度函数:
$f\left(p\right)=\frac{\Gamma (\alpha +\beta )}{\Gamma \left(\alpha \right)\Gamma \left(\beta \right)}{p}^{\alpha -1}{(1-p)}^{\beta -1};$
分布参数:
$\alpha =\frac{\left[E{\left(p\right)]}^{2}\right[1-E\left(p\right)]}{V\left(p\right)}-E\left(p\right),$$\beta =\frac{E\left(p\right)[1-E{\left(p\right)]}^{2}}{V\left(p\right)}+E\left(p\right)-1$
二项式
分布
似然函数:
$\begin{array}{l}P(X=k|p)=\\ \frac{m!}{k!(m-k)!}{p}^{k}{(1-p)}^{m-k},\end{array}$$\begin{array}{l}n=2k/\left(\lambda {T}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}\right)=\\ 2k{M}_{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{F}}/{T}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}\end{array}$
贝塔
分布
概率密度函数:
${f}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(p\right)\propto {p}^{\left(\alpha +k\right)-1}{(1-p)}^{(\beta +m-k)-1};$
均值:${E}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(p\right)=\frac{\alpha +k}{\alpha +\beta +m};$
90%贝叶斯置信区间:
${p}_{0.05}^{\mathrm{*}}=\frac{{\chi }_{0.05}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)}{2\beta +2m-2k+{\chi }_{0.05}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)},$${p}_{0.95}^{\mathrm{*}}=\frac{{\chi }_{0.95}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)}{2\beta +2m-2k+{\chi }_{0.95}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)}$
OREDA 伽马
分布
等效转换:
伽马先验数据→贝塔先验数据
(λ0.05,λmean,λ0.95)→
(p0.05,pmean,p0.95)→α,β
二项式
分布
似然函数:
$\begin{array}{l}P(X=k|p)=\\ \frac{m!}{k!(m-k)!}{p}^{k}{(1-p)}^{m-k},\end{array}$$\begin{array}{l}n=2k/\left(\lambda {T}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}\right)=\\ 2k{M}_{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{F}}/{T}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}\end{array}$
贝塔
分布
概率密度函数:
${f}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(p\right)\propto {p}^{(\alpha +k)-1}{(1-p)}^{(\beta +m-k)-1};$
均值:${E}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(p\right)=\frac{\alpha +k}{\alpha +\beta +m};$
90%贝叶斯置信区间:
${p}_{0.05}^{\mathrm{*}}=\frac{{\chi }_{0.05}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)}{2\beta +2m-2k+{\chi }_{0.05}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)},$${p}_{0.95}^{\mathrm{*}}=\frac{{\chi }_{0.95}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)}{2\beta +2m-2k+{\chi }_{0.95}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)}$
CCPS\
EXIDA
对数
正态
分布
概率密度函数:
$f\left(\lambda \right)=\frac{1}{\lambda \sigma \sqrt{2\mathrm{\pi }}}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}\left[-\frac{{(\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}\lambda -\mu )}^{2}}{2{\sigma }^{2}}\right];$
等效贝塔先验分布参数:
$\alpha =\frac{1-E\left(p\right)}{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}[\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}{E}_{\mathrm{f}}{\left(p\right)/1.645]}^{2}-1}-E\left(p\right),$$\begin{array}{l}\beta =\frac{[1-E{\left(p\right)]}^{2}}{\left\{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}\right[\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}{E}_{\mathrm{f}}{\left(p\right)/1.645]}^{2}-1\left\}E\right(p)}+\\ E\left(p\right)-1;\end{array}$
误差因子:Ef(p)=(p0.95/p0.05)1/2
二项式
分布
似然函数:
$\begin{array}{l}P(X=k|p)=\\ \frac{m!}{k!(m-k)!}{p}^{k}{(1-p)}^{m-k},\end{array}$$\begin{array}{l}n=2k/\left(\lambda {T}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}\right)=\\ 2k{M}_{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{F}}/{T}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}\end{array}$
贝塔
分布
概率密度函数:
${f}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(p\right)\propto {p}^{(\alpha +k)-1}{(1-p)}^{(\beta +m-k)-1};$
均值:${E}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(p\right)=\frac{\alpha +k}{\alpha +\beta +m};$
90%贝叶斯置信区间:
${p}_{0.05}^{\mathrm{*}}=\frac{{\chi }_{0.05}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)}{2\beta +2m-2k+{\chi }_{0.05}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)},$${p}_{0.95}^{\mathrm{*}}=\frac{{\chi }_{0.95}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)}{2\beta +2m-2k+{\chi }_{0.95}^{2}(2\alpha +2k)}$
Jeffreys
无信息
先验分布
贝塔分布形式:
Be(α, β)=Be(0.5, 0.5);
分布参数:α=0.5;β=0.5
二项式
分布
似然函数:
$\begin{array}{l}P(X=k|p)=\\ \frac{m!}{k!(m-k)!}{p}^{k}{(1-p)}^{m-k},\end{array}$$\begin{array}{l}n=2k/\left(\lambda {T}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}\right)=\\ 2k{M}_{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{F}}/{T}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}\end{array}$
贝塔
分布
均值:${E}_{J}^{\mathrm{*}}\left(p\right)=\frac{k+0.5}{m+1};$
90%贝叶斯置信区间:
${p}_{J,0.05}^{\mathrm{*}}=\frac{{\chi }_{0.05}^{2}(2k+1)}{(2m-2k+1)+{\chi }_{0.05}^{2}(2k+1)},$${p}_{J,0.95}^{\mathrm{*}}=\frac{{\chi }_{0.95}^{2}(2k+1)}{(2m-2k+1)+{\chi }_{0.95}^{2}(2k+1)}$
), ArticleFig(id=1228401894930968812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Major equipment in Gaosi oil transfer station

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 设备名称 规格型号和数量
1 分离缓冲游离水脱除器 Φ3.0 m×14 m(1台)、Φ3.6 m×16 m(1台)
2 天然气除油器 Φ2.2 m×6.6 m(1台)
3 加热缓冲装置 2.5 MW(掺水-3台)、1.74 MW(掺水-1台)、0.58 MW(采暖-1台)
4 掺水泵 FDGR60-50×5(1台)、HDB80-50×5(1台)、DG100-50×5(1台)、FDGR60-30×7(1台)
5 外输泵 FDYD35-50×3(1台)、FDYD46-50×3(1台)、FDGR60-50×4(1台)
6 采暖泵 CBDY-25-30×2(2台)、CBDY-46-30×2(2台)
7 破乳剂加药装置 JCPL-PJY-5/1.0-500-2(1套)
8 防垢剂加药装置 容积V=300 L,工作压力AP=0.6 MPa(1套)
), ArticleFig(id=1228401896285729005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

高四转油站内主要设备统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 设备名称 规格型号和数量
1 分离缓冲游离水脱除器 Φ3.0 m×14 m(1台)、Φ3.6 m×16 m(1台)
2 天然气除油器 Φ2.2 m×6.6 m(1台)
3 加热缓冲装置 2.5 MW(掺水-3台)、1.74 MW(掺水-1台)、0.58 MW(采暖-1台)
4 掺水泵 FDGR60-50×5(1台)、HDB80-50×5(1台)、DG100-50×5(1台)、FDGR60-30×7(1台)
5 外输泵 FDYD35-50×3(1台)、FDYD46-50×3(1台)、FDGR60-50×4(1台)
6 采暖泵 CBDY-25-30×2(2台)、CBDY-46-30×2(2台)
7 破乳剂加药装置 JCPL-PJY-5/1.0-500-2(1套)
8 防垢剂加药装置 容积V=300 L,工作压力AP=0.6 MPa(1套)
), ArticleFig(id=1228401896365420782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Basic events of the T-S FFT for oil transfer station process system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
事件符号 事件名称 故障状态 事件符号 事件名称 故障状态
T 转油站工艺系统故障 0, 0.5, 1 x11 天然气放空系统故障 0, 1
y1 三合一装置故障 0, 0.5, 1 x12 防垢剂加药装置故障 0, 0.5, 1
y2 集油分离系统故障 0, 0.5, 1 x13 加热缓冲装置(掺水炉)故障 0, 0.5, 1
y3 伴生气系统故障 0, 0.5, 1 x14 掺水泵故障 0, 0.5, 1
y4 掺水系统故障 0, 0.5, 1 x15 掺水流量计故障 0, 1
y5 外输油系统故障 0, 0.5, 1 x16 掺水汇管失效 0, 1
y6 采暖伴热系统故障 0, 0.5, 1 x17 掺水阀组故障 0, 0.5, 1
x1 分离器进口汇管失效 0, 1 x18 外输油泵故障 0, 0.5, 1
x2 分离缓冲游离水脱除器故障 0, 0.5, 1 x19 原油密度计故障 0, 1
x3 分离器出水汇管失效 0, 1 x20 外输油流量计故障 0, 1
x4 分离器出油汇管失效 0, 1 x21 管道过滤器故障 0, 1
x5 分离器出气汇管失效 0, 1 x22 回水阀组故障 0, 0.5, 1
x6 集油阀组故障 0, 0.5, 1 x23 回水汇管失效 0, 1
x7 集油汇管失效 0, 1 x24 加热缓冲装置(采暖炉)故障 0, 0.5, 1
x8 破乳剂加药装置故障 0, 0.5, 1 x25 采暖泵故障 0, 0.5, 1
x9 天然气除油器故障 0, 0.5, 1 x26 热水汇管失效 0, 1
x10 外输气流量计故障 0, 1 x27 热水阀组故障 0, 0.5, 1
), ArticleFig(id=1228401896457695471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

转油站工艺系统T-S模糊故障树事件及其故障状态

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
事件符号 事件名称 故障状态 事件符号 事件名称 故障状态
T 转油站工艺系统故障 0, 0.5, 1 x11 天然气放空系统故障 0, 1
y1 三合一装置故障 0, 0.5, 1 x12 防垢剂加药装置故障 0, 0.5, 1
y2 集油分离系统故障 0, 0.5, 1 x13 加热缓冲装置(掺水炉)故障 0, 0.5, 1
y3 伴生气系统故障 0, 0.5, 1 x14 掺水泵故障 0, 0.5, 1
y4 掺水系统故障 0, 0.5, 1 x15 掺水流量计故障 0, 1
y5 外输油系统故障 0, 0.5, 1 x16 掺水汇管失效 0, 1
y6 采暖伴热系统故障 0, 0.5, 1 x17 掺水阀组故障 0, 0.5, 1
x1 分离器进口汇管失效 0, 1 x18 外输油泵故障 0, 0.5, 1
x2 分离缓冲游离水脱除器故障 0, 0.5, 1 x19 原油密度计故障 0, 1
x3 分离器出水汇管失效 0, 1 x20 外输油流量计故障 0, 1
x4 分离器出油汇管失效 0, 1 x21 管道过滤器故障 0, 1
x5 分离器出气汇管失效 0, 1 x22 回水阀组故障 0, 0.5, 1
x6 集油阀组故障 0, 0.5, 1 x23 回水汇管失效 0, 1
x7 集油汇管失效 0, 1 x24 加热缓冲装置(采暖炉)故障 0, 0.5, 1
x8 破乳剂加药装置故障 0, 0.5, 1 x25 采暖泵故障 0, 0.5, 1
x9 天然气除油器故障 0, 0.5, 1 x26 热水汇管失效 0, 1
x10 外输气流量计故障 0, 1 x27 热水阀组故障 0, 0.5, 1
), ArticleFig(id=1228401896537387248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

The description rules of T-S fuzzy gate 1

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
规则 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 y1
0 0.5 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0.901 0.090 0.009
2 0 0 0 0 1 0.863 0.120 0.017
3 0 0 0 1 0 0.746 0.200 0.054
4 0 0 0 1 1 0.662 0.247 0.092
5 0 0 1 0 0 0.813 0.157 0.030
6 0 0 1 0 1 0.746 0.200 0.054
7 0 0 1 1 0 0.560 0.290 0.150
8 0 0 1 1 1 0.447 0.322 0.231
9 0 0.5 0 0 0 0.637 0.330 0.033
35 1 0.5 0 1 0 0.135 0.503 0.362
36 1 0.5 0 1 1 0.088 0.456 0.456
47 1 1 1 1 0 0.017 0.120 0.863
48 1 1 1 1 1 0.009 0.090 0.901
), ArticleFig(id=1228401896604496113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

T-S模糊门1的描述规则

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
规则 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 y1
0 0.5 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0.901 0.090 0.009
2 0 0 0 0 1 0.863 0.120 0.017
3 0 0 0 1 0 0.746 0.200 0.054
4 0 0 0 1 1 0.662 0.247 0.092
5 0 0 1 0 0 0.813 0.157 0.030
6 0 0 1 0 1 0.746 0.200 0.054
7 0 0 1 1 0 0.560 0.290 0.150
8 0 0 1 1 1 0.447 0.322 0.231
9 0 0.5 0 0 0 0.637 0.330 0.033
35 1 0.5 0 1 0 0.135 0.503 0.362
36 1 0.5 0 1 1 0.088 0.456 0.456
47 1 1 1 1 0 0.017 0.120 0.863
48 1 1 1 1 1 0.009 0.090 0.901
), ArticleFig(id=1228401896671604978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

The description rules of T-S fuzzy gate 3

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
规则 x9 x10 x11 y3
0 0.5 1
1 0 0 0 0.901 0.090 0.009
2 0 0 1 0.706 0.223 0.071
3 0 1 0 0.827 0.147 0.026
4 0 1 1 0.532 0.299 0.168
5 0.5 0 0 0.338 0.602 0.060
6 0.5 0 1 0.119 0.669 0.212
7 0.5 1 0 0.212 0.669 0.119
8 0.5 1 1 0.060 0.602 0.338
9 1 0 0 0.168 0.299 0.532
10 1 0 1 0.026 0.147 0.827
11 1 1 0 0.071 0.223 0.706
12 1 1 1 0.009 0.090 0.901
), ArticleFig(id=1228401896742908147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

T-S模糊门3的描述规则

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
规则 x9 x10 x11 y3
0 0.5 1
1 0 0 0 0.901 0.090 0.009
2 0 0 1 0.706 0.223 0.071
3 0 1 0 0.827 0.147 0.026
4 0 1 1 0.532 0.299 0.168
5 0.5 0 0 0.338 0.602 0.060
6 0.5 0 1 0.119 0.669 0.212
7 0.5 1 0 0.212 0.669 0.119
8 0.5 1 1 0.060 0.602 0.338
9 1 0 0 0.168 0.299 0.532
10 1 0 1 0.026 0.147 0.827
11 1 1 0 0.071 0.223 0.706
12 1 1 1 0.009 0.090 0.901
), ArticleFig(id=1228401896810017012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

The description rules of T-S fuzzy gate 6

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
规则 x22 x23 x24 x25 x26 x27 y6
0 0.5 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.901 0.090 0.009
2 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.845 0.141 0.014
3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.837 0.140 0.023
4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.837 0.140 0.023
5 0 0 0 0 1 0.5 0.755 0.210 0.035
6 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.738 0.205 0.057
36 0 0 0.5 1 1 1 0.122 0.439 0.439
37 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.672 0.241 0.087
108 0 1 1 1 1 1 0.023 0.140 0.837
109 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.845 0.141 0.014
323 1 1 1 1 1 0.5 0.014 0.141 0.845
324 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.009 0.090 0.901
), ArticleFig(id=1228401896881320181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

T-S模糊门6的描述规则

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
规则 x22 x23 x24 x25 x26 x27 y6
0 0.5 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.901 0.090 0.009
2 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.845 0.141 0.014
3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.837 0.140 0.023
4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.837 0.140 0.023
5 0 0 0 0 1 0.5 0.755 0.210 0.035
6 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.738 0.205 0.057
36 0 0 0.5 1 1 1 0.122 0.439 0.439
37 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.672 0.241 0.087
108 0 1 1 1 1 1 0.023 0.140 0.837
109 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.845 0.141 0.014
323 1 1 1 1 1 0.5 0.014 0.141 0.845
324 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.009 0.090 0.901
), ArticleFig(id=1228401896956817654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Failure rates of basic events in T-S fault tree

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本
事件
故障率 基本
事件
故障率
均值/
a-1
90%的置信区间 均值/
a-1
90%的置信区间
x1 0.167 [0.020, 0.434] x15 0.367 [0.153, 0.656]
x2 0.268 [0.087, 0.478] x16 0.136 [0.016, 0.355]
x3 0.150 [0.018, 0.391] x17 0.236 [0.087, 0.403]
x4 0.227 [0.052, 0.503] x18 0.210 [0.076, 0.386]
x5 0.250 [0.057, 0.554] x19 0.081 [0.019, 0.149]
x6 0.084 [0.036, 0.137] x20 0.150 [0.018, 0.391]
x7 0.125 [0.015, 0.326] x21 0.278 [0.064, 0.615]
x8 0.300 [0.111, 0.564] x22 0.108 [0.022, 0.214]
x9 0.218 [0.052, 0.397] x23 0.188 [0.022, 0.488]
x10 0.318 [0.099, 0.640] x24 0.256 [0.070, 0.536]
x11 0.188 [0.022, 0.488] x25 0.041 [0.012, 0.079]
x12 0.208 [0.048, 0.461] x26 0.107 [0.013, 0.279]
x13 0.225 [0.077, 0.437] x27 0.146 [0.042, 0.271]
x14 0.402 [0.159, 0.737]
), ArticleFig(id=1228401897036509431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

T-S故障树基本事件的故障率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本
事件
故障率 基本
事件
故障率
均值/
a-1
90%的置信区间 均值/
a-1
90%的置信区间
x1 0.167 [0.020, 0.434] x15 0.367 [0.153, 0.656]
x2 0.268 [0.087, 0.478] x16 0.136 [0.016, 0.355]
x3 0.150 [0.018, 0.391] x17 0.236 [0.087, 0.403]
x4 0.227 [0.052, 0.503] x18 0.210 [0.076, 0.386]
x5 0.250 [0.057, 0.554] x19 0.081 [0.019, 0.149]
x6 0.084 [0.036, 0.137] x20 0.150 [0.018, 0.391]
x7 0.125 [0.015, 0.326] x21 0.278 [0.064, 0.615]
x8 0.300 [0.111, 0.564] x22 0.108 [0.022, 0.214]
x9 0.218 [0.052, 0.397] x23 0.188 [0.022, 0.488]
x10 0.318 [0.099, 0.640] x24 0.256 [0.070, 0.536]
x11 0.188 [0.022, 0.488] x25 0.041 [0.012, 0.079]
x12 0.208 [0.048, 0.461] x26 0.107 [0.013, 0.279]
x13 0.225 [0.077, 0.437] x27 0.146 [0.042, 0.271]
x14 0.402 [0.159, 0.737]
), ArticleFig(id=1228401897107812600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Probability importance of basic events for failure states 0.5 and 1

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
事件状态 ${I}_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}}^{{T}_{q}}({x}_{i}={S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}})$ 事件状态 ${I}_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}}^{{T}_{q}}({x}_{i}={S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}})$
Tq=0.5 Tq=1 Tq=0.5 Tq=1
x1=0.5 x14=1 0.040 4 0.034 4
x1=1 0.015 8 0.013 2 x15=0.5
x2=0.5 0.022 1 0.010 2 x15=1 0.023 3 0.021 4
x2=1 0.027 7 0.022 3 x16=0.5
x3=0.5 x16=1 0.028 1 0.031 0
x3=1 0.010 4 0.008 4 x17=0.5 0.015 6 0.005 9
x4=0.5 x17=1 0.015 5 0.014 3
x4=1 0.015 8 0.013 0 x18=0.5 0.064 3 0.070 8
x5=0.5 x18=1 0.075 2 0.028 2
x5=1 0.005 1 0.004 0 x19=0.5
x6=0.5 0.026 1 0.009 6 ${{x}_{1}}_{9}$=1 0.044 0 0.022 5
x6=1 0.024 5 0.023 2 x20=0.5
x7=0.5 x20=1 0.024 5 0.024 3
x7=1 0.047 3 0.052 7 x21=0.5
x8=0.5 0.052 6 0.017 1 x21=1 0.024 7 0.023 2
x8=1 0.050 1 0.043 8 x22=0.5 0.008 3 0.002 9
x9=0.5 0.025 1 0.007 4 x22=1 0.022 6 0.021 6
x9=1 0.024 0 0.021 9 x23=0.5
${{x}_{1}}_{0}$=0.5 x23=1 0.008 9 0.005 6
${{x}_{1}}_{0}$=1 0.003 4 0.002 6 x24=0.5 0.020 6 0.006 3
x11=0.5 x24=1 0.022 3 0.014 1
x11=1 0.006 9 0.005 5 x25=0.5 0.022 4 0.007 6
x12=0.5 0.015 5 0.005 9 x25=1 0.022 8 0.018 3
x12=1 0.015 4 0.014 3 x26=0.5
x13=0.5 0.041 2 0.014 7 x26=1 0.008 9 0.005 8
x13=1 0.039 3 0.039 3 x27=0.5 0.008 2 0.002 8
x14=0.5 0.040 3 0.013 5 x27=1 0.008 8 0.005 6
), ArticleFig(id=1228401897174921465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

基本事件故障状态为0.5和1时的概率重要度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
事件状态 ${I}_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}}^{{T}_{q}}({x}_{i}={S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}})$ 事件状态 ${I}_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}}^{{T}_{q}}({x}_{i}={S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}})$
Tq=0.5 Tq=1 Tq=0.5 Tq=1
x1=0.5 x14=1 0.040 4 0.034 4
x1=1 0.015 8 0.013 2 x15=0.5
x2=0.5 0.022 1 0.010 2 x15=1 0.023 3 0.021 4
x2=1 0.027 7 0.022 3 x16=0.5
x3=0.5 x16=1 0.028 1 0.031 0
x3=1 0.010 4 0.008 4 x17=0.5 0.015 6 0.005 9
x4=0.5 x17=1 0.015 5 0.014 3
x4=1 0.015 8 0.013 0 x18=0.5 0.064 3 0.070 8
x5=0.5 x18=1 0.075 2 0.028 2
x5=1 0.005 1 0.004 0 x19=0.5
x6=0.5 0.026 1 0.009 6 ${{x}_{1}}_{9}$=1 0.044 0 0.022 5
x6=1 0.024 5 0.023 2 x20=0.5
x7=0.5 x20=1 0.024 5 0.024 3
x7=1 0.047 3 0.052 7 x21=0.5
x8=0.5 0.052 6 0.017 1 x21=1 0.024 7 0.023 2
x8=1 0.050 1 0.043 8 x22=0.5 0.008 3 0.002 9
x9=0.5 0.025 1 0.007 4 x22=1 0.022 6 0.021 6
x9=1 0.024 0 0.021 9 x23=0.5
${{x}_{1}}_{0}$=0.5 x23=1 0.008 9 0.005 6
${{x}_{1}}_{0}$=1 0.003 4 0.002 6 x24=0.5 0.020 6 0.006 3
x11=0.5 x24=1 0.022 3 0.014 1
x11=1 0.006 9 0.005 5 x25=0.5 0.022 4 0.007 6
x12=0.5 0.015 5 0.005 9 x25=1 0.022 8 0.018 3
x12=1 0.015 4 0.014 3 x26=0.5
x13=0.5 0.041 2 0.014 7 x26=1 0.008 9 0.005 8
x13=1 0.039 3 0.039 3 x27=0.5 0.008 2 0.002 8
x14=0.5 0.040 3 0.013 5 x27=1 0.008 8 0.005 6
), ArticleFig(id=1228401897254613242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Probability importance of basic events

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
事件
符号
${I}_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}}^{{T}_{q}}\left({x}_{i}\right)$ 事件
符号
${I}_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}}^{{T}_{q}}\left({x}_{i}\right)$ 事件
符号
${I}_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}}^{{T}_{q}}\left({x}_{i}\right)$
Tq=0.5 Tq=1 Tq=0.5 Tq=1 Tq=0.5 Tq=0.5
x1 0.015 8 0.013 2 x10 0.003 4 0.002 6 x19 0.022 0 0.011 3
x2 0.024 9 0.016 2 x11 0.006 8 0.005 4 x20 0.024 5 0.024 3
x3 0.010 4 0.008 4 x12 0.015 4 0.014 3 x21 0.024 7 0.023 2
x4 0.015 8 0.013 0 x13 0.040 3 0.027 0 x22 0.015 5 0.012 2
x5 0.005 1 0.004 0 x14 0.040 3 0.023 9 x23 0.008 9 0.005 6
x6 0.025 3 0.016 4 x15 0.023 3 0.021 4 x24 0.021 5 0.010 2
x7 0.047 3 0.052 7 x16 0.028 1 0.030 9 x25 0.022 6 0.013 0
x8 0.050 1 0.043 8 x17 0.015 5 0.010 1 x26 0.008 9 0.005 8
x9 0.024 5 0.014 6 x18 0.069 7 0.049 5 x27 0.008 5 0.004 2
), ArticleFig(id=1228401897325916411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

基本事件的概率重要度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
事件
符号
${I}_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}}^{{T}_{q}}\left({x}_{i}\right)$ 事件
符号
${I}_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}}^{{T}_{q}}\left({x}_{i}\right)$ 事件
符号
${I}_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}}^{{T}_{q}}\left({x}_{i}\right)$
Tq=0.5 Tq=1 Tq=0.5 Tq=1 Tq=0.5 Tq=0.5
x1 0.015 8 0.013 2 x10 0.003 4 0.002 6 x19 0.022 0 0.011 3
x2 0.024 9 0.016 2 x11 0.006 8 0.005 4 x20 0.024 5 0.024 3
x3 0.010 4 0.008 4 x12 0.015 4 0.014 3 x21 0.024 7 0.023 2
x4 0.015 8 0.013 0 x13 0.040 3 0.027 0 x22 0.015 5 0.012 2
x5 0.005 1 0.004 0 x14 0.040 3 0.023 9 x23 0.008 9 0.005 6
x6 0.025 3 0.016 4 x15 0.023 3 0.021 4 x24 0.021 5 0.010 2
x7 0.047 3 0.052 7 x16 0.028 1 0.030 9 x25 0.022 6 0.013 0
x8 0.050 1 0.043 8 x17 0.015 5 0.010 1 x26 0.008 9 0.005 8
x9 0.024 5 0.014 6 x18 0.069 7 0.049 5 x27 0.008 5 0.004 2
), ArticleFig(id=1228401897393025276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=

Posterior failure rates of basic events when system failure states 0.5 and 1 occur

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本
事件
$\begin{array}{l}P({x}_{i}=\\ {S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}}|T=0.5)\end{array}$ $\begin{array}{l}P({x}_{i}=\\ {S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}}|T=1)\end{array}$ 基本
事件
$\begin{array}{l}P({x}_{i}={S}_{i}^{\left({a}_{i}\right)}|\\ T=0.5)\end{array}$ $\begin{array}{l}P({x}_{i}=\\ {S}_{i}^{\left({a}_{i}\right)}|T=1)\end{array}$
0.5 1 0.5 1 0.5 1 0.5 1
x1 0.173 0.184 x15 0.381 0.414
x2 0.274 0.278 0.272 0.303 x16 0.145 0.171
x3 0.154 0.160 x17 0.241 0.241 0.238 0.257
x4 0.235 0.249 x18 0.230 0.236 0.311 0.225
x5 0.253 0.257 x19 0.090 0.097
x6 0.089 0.088 0.089 0.100 x20 0.158 0.180
x7 0.139 0.180 x21 0.291 0.322
x8 0.317 0.316 0.297 0.374 x22 0.11 0.110 0.110 0.113
x9 0.227 0.226 0.220 0.251 x23 0.191 0.196
x10 0.320 0.324 x24 0.262 0.263 0.258 0.277
x11 0.190 0.195 x25 0.043 0.043 0.043 0.048
x12 0.213 0.213 0.212 0.229 x26 0.109 0.112
x13 0.239 0.238 0.231 0.284 x27 0.149 0.149 0.149 0.152
x14 0.411 0.411 0.380 0.461
), ArticleFig(id=1228401897472717053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666671285183, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

系统故障状态0.5和1时基本事件的后验故障率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本
事件
$\begin{array}{l}P({x}_{i}=\\ {S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}}|T=0.5)\end{array}$ $\begin{array}{l}P({x}_{i}=\\ {S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}}|T=1)\end{array}$ 基本
事件
$\begin{array}{l}P({x}_{i}={S}_{i}^{\left({a}_{i}\right)}|\\ T=0.5)\end{array}$ $\begin{array}{l}P({x}_{i}=\\ {S}_{i}^{\left({a}_{i}\right)}|T=1)\end{array}$
0.5 1 0.5 1 0.5 1 0.5 1
x1 0.173 0.184 x15 0.381 0.414
x2 0.274 0.278 0.272 0.303 x16 0.145 0.171
x3 0.154 0.160 x17 0.241 0.241 0.238 0.257
x4 0.235 0.249 x18 0.230 0.236 0.311 0.225
x5 0.253 0.257 x19 0.090 0.097
x6 0.089 0.088 0.089 0.100 x20 0.158 0.180
x7 0.139 0.180 x21 0.291 0.322
x8 0.317 0.316 0.297 0.374 x22 0.11 0.110 0.110 0.113
x9 0.227 0.226 0.220 0.251 x23 0.191 0.196
x10 0.320 0.324 x24 0.262 0.263 0.258 0.277
x11 0.190 0.195 x25 0.043 0.043 0.043 0.048
x12 0.213 0.213 0.212 0.229 x26 0.109 0.112
x13 0.239 0.238 0.231 0.284 x27 0.149 0.149 0.149 0.152
x14 0.411 0.411 0.380 0.461
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基于T-S故障树和BN的转油站工艺系统可靠性评估
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王大庆 1 , 王晓黎 2 , 梁平 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文·环境科学、安全科学 2025,25(22): 9621-9630
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·环境科学、安全科学 2025, 25(22): 9621-9630
基于T-S故障树和BN的转油站工艺系统可靠性评估
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王大庆1 , 王晓黎2, 梁平1
作者信息
  • 1 重庆科技大学石油与天然气工程学院, 重庆 401331
  • 2 大庆油田设计院有限公司, 大庆 163712
  • 王大庆(1980—),男,汉族,重庆人,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:油气储运工程系统完整性管理技术。E-mail:

Reliability Assessment of Oil Transfer Station Process System Based on T-S Fault Tree and Bayesian Network
Da-qing WANG1 , Xiao-li WANG2, Ping LIANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Petroleum Engineering, Chongqing University of Science & Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
  • 2 Daqing Oilfield Design Institute Co., Ltd., Daqing 163712, China
出版时间: 2025-08-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404466
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转油站是油田油气集输系统的核心枢纽,对于维持油田稳定生产和油气持续供应至关重要。鉴于其工艺系统的复杂性以及故障的多态性和故障关系的模糊不确定性,提出了融合T-S模糊故障树与贝叶斯网络(Bayesian network,BN)的系统可靠性评估方法。首先,基于T-S门及其描述规则建立T-S模糊故障树,并将其转化成贝叶斯网络模型;其次,结合有限的故障样本和通用数据源,基于贝叶斯更新估计确定基本事件故障率,以应对故障样本数据的不确定性;最后,协同运用T-S故障树和BN模型,正向推理预测工艺系统的可靠性和基本事件的贡献度,并反向诊断导致系统不同故障状态发生的关键致因。针对典型转油站工艺系统的应用研究表明,本文方法能够在基础数据和事件关系不确定性条件下实现系统故障率预测和薄弱环节诊断,从而为复杂油气工艺系统优化设计和可靠性维护提供决策支持。

T-S模糊故障树  /  贝叶斯网络  /  贝叶斯估计  /  可靠性评估  /  转油站  /  故障诊断

Oil transfer station plays a crucial role in the oil and gas gathering and transportation system of an oilfield, ensuring stable production and continuous supply of oil and gas. However, given the complexity of its process system and the ambiguous uncertainty surrounding fault modes and relationships, a systematic reliability assessment method integrating T-S fuzzy fault trees with BNs(Bayesian networks) was proposed. Firstly, a T-S fuzzy fault tree was established based on T-S gates and their descriptive rules, which is subsequently converted into a Bayesian network model. Secondly, leveraging limited fault samples and general data sources, Bayesian updating estimation was employed to determine the failure rates of basic events, addressing the uncertainty inherent in fault sample data. Lastly, the T-S fault tree and BN model were synergistically utilized for forward reasoning to predict the reliability of the process system and the contribution of basic events, while reverse diagnosis is conducted to pinpoint the key factors causing different fault states of the system. Research conducted on typical oil transfer station process systems has demonstrated that the proposed method can effectively predict system failure rates and diagnose weak links even under conditions of uncertainty in basic data and event relationships. This provides crucial decision support for the optimal design and reliability maintenance of complex oil and gas process systems.

T-S fuzzy fault tree  /  Bayesian network  /  Bayesian updating estimation  /  reliability assessment  /  oil transfer station
王大庆, 王晓黎, 梁平. 基于T-S故障树和BN的转油站工艺系统可靠性评估. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (22) : 9621 -9630 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404466
Da-qing WANG, Xiao-li WANG, Ping LIANG. Reliability Assessment of Oil Transfer Station Process System Based on T-S Fault Tree and Bayesian Network[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (22) : 9621 -9630 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404466
转油站作为油田油气集输系统中的重要中间枢纽,承担着油井采出物的气液分离、增压外输、气液计量、及辅助集油(如掺水、热洗、加热、加药)等多重功能,对油田的稳定运行至关重要[1]。随着中国主要油田逐渐步入开发中后期,众多转油站面临服役年限长、设备老化、腐蚀严重等问题,这不仅威胁到转油站的安全可靠性,还可能引发停产、泄漏甚至火灾等严重后果[2]。因此,针对转油站工艺系统开展动态可靠性评价,及时发现并消除潜在隐患,确保其安全平稳运行,已成为当前迫切需要解决的重要问题。
故障树分析(fault tree analysis, FTA)作为安全可靠性建模、分析预测、故障诊断、风险评估及事故调查的关键工具,已在诸多专业领域得到了广泛应用。然而,传统故障树因其静态结构、对精确故障概率的要求、事件独立性及故障二态性假设等局限性,难以全面适应复杂系统的深入分析需求[3-4]。为克服这些限制,中外学者对FTA进行了大量扩展性研究。如文献[5-8]通过引入模糊集合、证据理论和专家知识,有效应对了故障概率数据的不确定性问题,为FTA在不确定环境下的应用提供了新的思路。文献[9-11]则提出了考虑基本事件间相关性的FTA改进算法,进一步提高了FTA的准确性和实用性。此外,文献[12-14]将模糊逻辑和T-S(Takagi-Sugeno)模型引入FTA,提出了T-S模糊故障树分析方法,成功解决了系统故障多态性以及故障机理模糊、故障关系不确定性等难题。文献[15-16]进一步验证了T-S模糊故障树在输气设备、制动系统可靠性评价及薄弱环节分析中的有效性。
与此同时,为了更准确地描述系统的多态性及事件间的依赖关系,并在不确定性条件下进行概率双向推理,文献[17-21]还尝试将传统FTA或T-S故障树转化为贝叶斯网络(Bayesian network, BN)。这一转化不仅保留了FTA在故障建模方面的优势,还借助BN强大的推理能力,实现了在不确定性环境下的概率双向推理,进一步拓宽了FTA的应用范围。
鉴于转油站工艺系统结构关系复杂、关联性强且故障诊断难度大,现综合运用T-S故障树和贝叶斯网络的优势,对转油站工艺系统可靠性进行深入研究。首先,利用T-S故障树建立系统故障模型,有效应对事件间联系的不确定性、事件故障的多态性和模糊性。然后,采用模糊数描述事件故障状态,并提出基本事件故障概率的贝叶斯更新估计方法,以解决事件故障样本稀疏导致的可靠性基础数据不确定性问题。最后,将系统T-S故障模型映射为贝叶斯网络,以实现故障概率的准确预测和诊断原因的精确诊断,从而克服T-S故障树在计算复杂性和双向推理方面的局限。以期为转油站工艺系统的可靠性评价和故障诊断提供新的思路和方法。
T-S故障树是一种基于T-S模型构建的新型静态故障树[22],由T-S模糊门和事件组成,如图1所示。T-S故障树在描述故障多态性、构建节点条件概率表以及处理不确定的故障逻辑关系方面具有显著优势。然而,其运算过程相对复杂,且不具备反向推理能力。
T-S模糊门由T-S模型进行描述,该模型由一系列的IF-THEN模糊规则组成,用于代替传统逻辑门来描述下级事件与上级事件之间的关系。T-S模糊门的描述规则如表1所示。已知规则l(l=1,2,…,r),如果下级事件xi(i=1,2,…,n)的故障状态为${S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}}$(ai=1,2,…,ki),则上级事件y的故障状态为${S}_{y}^{{b}_{y}}$(by=1,2,…,ky)的可能性为${P}_{l}(y={S}_{y}^{{b}_{y}})。$这里n表示下级事件的数量;kiky分别表示下级事件xi和上级事件y的故障状态的数量;r为规则总数,$\mathrm{r}=\stackrel{n}{\prod _{i=1}}{k}_{i};0\le {S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}}\le 1$表示上级事件y的不同故障状态。
基本事件各故障状态的可靠性数据(如故障率、故障概率等)是T-S故障树定量分析(或系统可靠性评估)的基础数据。这些数据往往是通过现场历史故障数据的统计分析得出的。然而,由于故障样本数据积累量不足、信息不完整以及数据质量参差不齐等问题,这些数据带有一定程度的不确定性,导致难以准确地揭示事件故障的统计规律。尽管通用可靠性数据库(如OREDA、CCPS等)[23-24]提供了不同类型的故障数据,但这些数据难以直接反映特定基本事件(设备)在实际运行环境中的状况。为了降低基本事件可靠性数据的不确定性,确保系统可靠性评估结果的准确性,这里提出采用贝叶斯更新理论[25]来融合通用数据信息与特定故障样本数据,进而实现对基本事件各故障状态发生概率的更新估计。
本文方法的基本思路如图2所示。在表2中列出了基本事件(设备)运行故障率和需求故障率的贝叶斯更新估计模型,由此可计算出事件故障率的均值和置信区间。这种方法可持续融入新的故障样本数据,从而实现对系统可靠性的动态评估。
贝叶斯网络是一种强大的不确定性推理工具,它通过节点间的有向边和条件概率表来精确描述变量间的依赖关系。在贝叶斯网络中,每个节点代表一个特定的变量,节点间的有向边则清晰展示了变量间的因果关系,而条件概率表则详细提供了节点状态变化的概率信息。贝叶斯网络在不确定性表达、量化和双向推理方面表现出色,但在建模复杂性和条件概率表构造方面存在一定的不足[21]
将T-S故障树与贝叶斯网络相结合,可以充分发挥两者的优势,从而形成更全面、高效的系统可靠性评估和故障诊断方法。T-S故障树提供了对故障逻辑关系的直观描述和条件概率表的构建基础,而贝叶斯网络则进一步增强了模型的不确定性表达能力和双向推理的灵活性。这种结合方法在实际应用中具有较高的实用性和准确性,能够为系统的可靠性评估和故障诊断提供有力的支持。
基于T-S故障树构建贝叶斯网络的方法如图3所示。将T-S故障树的结构与贝叶斯网络模型作一一对应,即T-S故障树中的各级事件和T-S模糊门分别映射为贝叶斯网络有向无环图的各级节点和有向边,利用T-S门描述规则对贝叶斯网络节点的条件概率参数表进行赋值。
基于表2中的方法求得基本事件xi故障状态为${S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}}$的故障概率数据$P({x}_{i}={S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}})$后,根据贝叶斯网络的联合概率分布和正向推理算法,可求得顶事件T故障状态为Tq的可靠性数据(发生概率)P(T=Tq)
$\begin{array}{l}\mathrm{P}(\mathrm{T}={T}_{q})=\sum _{\begin{array}{l}{x}_{1},\dots,{x}_{i},\dots,{x}_{n}\\ {y}_{1},\dots,{y}_{j},\dots,{y}_{N}\end{array}}P({x}_{1},\dots,{x}_{i},\dots,{x}_{n},\\  {y}_{1},\dots,{y}_{j},\dots,{y}_{N},T={T}_{q})=\\ \sum _{\pi \left(T\right)}P[T={T}_{q}\left|\pi \right.(T\left)\right]\sum _{\pi \left({y}_{1}\right)}P\left[{y}_{1}\left|\pi \right.\right({y}_{1}\left)\right]\dots \\  \sum _{\pi \left({y}_{j}\right)}P\left[{y}_{j}\left|\pi \right.\right({y}_{j}\left)\right]\dots \sum _{\pi \left({y}_{N}\right)}P\left[{y}_{N}\left|\pi \right.\right({y}_{N}\left)\right]\times \\  P({x}_{1}={S}_{1}^{{a}_{1}})\dots P({x}_{i}={S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}})\dots P({x}_{n}={S}_{n}^{{a}_{n}})\end{array}$
式(1)中:P(x1,…,xi,…xn, y1,…,yj,…yN, T=Tq)为所有的基本事件xi、中间事件yi和顶事件T的联合概率;π(T)为顶事件T的下级事件;π(yj)为中间事件yj的下级事件;P[T=Tq|π(T)]为π(T)发生的条件下,顶事件T故障状态为Tq的条件概率。
顶事件T各故障状态Tq的可靠性数据P(T=Tq)之和为1,即
$\begin{array}{l}P(T={T}_{1})+P(T={T}_{2})+\dots +P(T={T}_{{k}_{q}})=1,\\   q=\mathrm{1,2},\dots,{k}_{q}\end{array}$
式(2)中:Tq为顶事件T的不同故障状态;P(T=Tq)为顶事件T不同故障状态下的可靠性值;kq为故障状态的数量。
基本事件重要度反映了其故障发生对顶事件性能的影响程度。重要性测度可帮助识别系统中的薄弱环节,也可用于系统的设计改进、可靠性优化以及系统维护[22]。基本事件xi对顶事件T故障状态为Tq的T-S故障树概率重要度${I}_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}}^{{T}_{q}}\left({x}_{i}\right)$
$\begin{array}{l}{I}_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}}^{{T}_{q}}\left({x}_{i}\right)=\frac{1}{{k}_{i}-1}\stackrel{{k}_{i}}{\sum _{{a}_{i}=2}}{I}_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}}^{{T}_{q}}({x}_{i}={S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}})\\ =\frac{1}{{k}_{i}-1}\stackrel{{k}_{i}}{\sum _{{a}_{i}=2}}\left[P\right(T={T}_{q}|{x}_{i}={S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}})-\\  P(T={T}_{q}|{x}_{i}=0\left)\right]\end{array}$
式(3)中:${I}_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}}^{{T}_{q}}({x}_{i}={S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}})$表示基本事件xi故障状态为${S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}}$时对顶事件T故障状态为Tq的概率重要度;$P(T={T}_{q}|{x}_{i}={S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}})$P(T=Tq|xi=0)分别为基本事件xi在故障状态${S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}}$和0时顶事件T出现故障状态Tq的概率。基本事件的概率重要度越大,表示该基本事件所处的环节越薄弱。
T-S故障树自身不具备反向推理事故致因诊断的能力,但借助于贝叶斯网络的逆向推理能力,可获得顶事件T故障状态Tq发生时基本事件xi故障状态为${S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}}$的后验概率$P({x}_{i}={S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}}|T={T}_{q})$[20],通过与其先验概率作对比,可在系统故障发生后迅速找出关键致因。
$P({x}_{i}={S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}}|T={T}_{q})=\frac{P({x}_{i}={S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}},T={T}_{q})}{P(T={T}_{q})}$
$\varphi \left({x}_{i}\right)=\frac{P({x}_{i}={S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}}|T={T}_{q})-P({x}_{i}={S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}})}{P({x}_{i}={S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}})}\times 100\mathrm{\%}$
式中:$P({x}_{i}={S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}},T={T}_{q})$表示基本事件xi故障状态为${S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}}$与顶事件T故障状态为Tq的联合概率;$\varphi \left({x}_{i}\right)$为顶事件T故障状态Tq发生后,基本事件xi故障状态${S}_{i}^{{a}_{i}}$发生概率的变化率。
高四转油站已服役20余年,承担着大庆高台子油田372口油井来液的处理任务。站内采用分离缓冲游离水脱除“三合一”处理工艺(图4),设计处理能力约6 500 t/d。站外来液进入三合一装置处理后,分离出的含水油经外输泵增压后外输至高一联脱水站,分离出的天然气自压至高一联集气站,分离出的含油污水经掺水炉升温、掺水泵增压后输至集油间。站内主要设备情况统计如表3所示。
由于长期在复杂多变的工作环境中运行,该转油站的工艺系统不可避免地出现了不同程度的腐蚀、老化、磨损等问题,这些问题导致系统的整体性能下降,故障率上升。这不仅影响了系统的运行稳定性,还可能对生产安全构成潜在威胁。因此,开展该转油站的可靠性评估,准确识别并定位系统的薄弱环节,可为后续的改造、升级及优化提供科学依据,能够进一步提高转油站的生产能力和经济效益。
由于系统组件故障状态的不同,所以转油站工艺系统出现的故障也具有不确定性,可能是故障、半故障或无故障的状态。故以转油站工艺系统故障作为顶事件,建立T-S模糊故障树如图5所示,它由1个顶事件、6个中间事件、27个基本事件以及7个T-S模糊门构成。各级事件的名称及其故障状态如表4所示。
结合专家经验,并遵循“下级事件故障状态离其上级事件故障状态越远,应该分配的概率越低这一基本原则”[26],构造了7个T-S模糊门的描述规则表。由于篇幅所限,这里只展示了部分规则表,如表5~表7所示。
按照图3所示的映射方法将转油站工艺系统T-S故障树转化为贝叶斯网络的有向无环图,同时将第3.1节构造的7个T-S门描述规则表转化为贝叶斯网络相应节点的条件概率表,由此建立起转油站工艺系统故障贝叶斯网络模型,如图6所示。
转油站等油气厂站设备的失效虽为小概率事件,但在油气田实施完整性管理之前,对设备故障类数据的采集与分析并未受到足够重视,这导致中国至今仍未建立起一个系统全面的油气工业可靠性数据库。因此,这里根据通用数据库和现场收集的少量特定故障样本数据,采用表2中的贝叶斯更新估计公式估算得到基本事件的故障率均值和置信水平为90%的置信区间,结果如表8所示。
将基本事件后验故障率的均值作为故障率输入值,并假设其出现故障状态1与故障状态0.5的故障率相同,结合各节点条件概率表和式(1)可计算得转油站工艺系统出现不同故障状态的故障率分别为
$\begin{array}{l}\mathrm{P}(\mathrm{T}=0.5)=\sum _{{x}_{1},\dots,{x}_{27},{y}_{1},\dots,{y}_{6}}P({x}_{1},\dots,{x}_{27},{y}_{1},\dots,{y}_{6},\\  T=0.5)=\sum _{{y}_{2},\dots,{y}_{6}}P(T=0.5|{y}_{2},\dots,{y}_{6})\\  \sum _{{x}_{6},{x}_{7},{x}_{8},{y}_{1}}P\left({y}_{2}\right|{x}_{6},{x}_{7},{x}_{8},{y}_{1}\left)P\right({x}_{6}\left)P\right({x}_{7}\left)P\right({x}_{8})\\  \sum _{{x}_{1},\dots,{x}_{5}}P\left({y}_{1}\right|{x}_{1},\dots,{x}_{5}\left)P\right({x}_{1})\dots P({x}_{5})\times \\  \sum _{{x}_{9},{x}_{10},{x}_{11}}P\left({y}_{3}\right|{x}_{9},{x}_{10},{x}_{11}\left)P\right({x}_{9}\left)P\right({x}_{10}\left)P\right({x}_{11})\dots \\  \sum _{{x}_{22},\dots,{x}_{27}}P\left({y}_{6}\right|{x}_{22},\dots,{x}_{27}\left)P\right({x}_{22})\dots P({x}_{27})=0.104\end{array}$
P(T=1)=0.373
P(T=0)=1-P(T=0.5)-P(T=1)=0.523
根据基本事件重要度分析原理和求解算法,计算得到各基本事件故障状态为0.5和1对系统故障状态为0.5和1的概率重要度,如表9所示。
结合表9和式(3),计算基本事件xi对系统故障状态为0.5和1的T-S故障树概率重要度,如表10所示。
通过比较各个基本事件对系统故障状态为0.5和1的概率重要度,可以确定重要度值较高的x7(集油汇管失效)、x8(破乳剂加药装置故障)、x13(掺水加热缓冲装置故障)、x14(掺水泵故障)、x16(掺水汇管失效)、x18(外输油泵故障)是该转油站工艺系统中相对薄弱的环节。因此,有必要对这些设备进行重点检查和维护,以提升整个工艺系统的可靠性。
当系统故障发生后,优先调查疑似原因对于实现有效的故障诊断至关重要。利用贝叶斯网络的逆向推理特性有助于快速识别出最可能的直接原因。通过应用式(4)和式(5)计算,或者基于Netica、GeNIe等软件建模,分别将转油站工艺系统故障状态0.5和1的发生概率设置为100%,可得到各基本事件的后验故障率(表11)以及相应的变化率(图7)。
由此可知,当系统故障状态1发生时,具有较高故障率变化率的x7x8x13x16是事故发生的首要疑似原因,应列为优先调查对象;而当系统故障状态0.5出现时,建议优先调查对象是x7x18x19
(1)将贝叶斯网络与T-S模糊故障树进行互补融合,为转油站等油气工艺系统的可靠性评估提供了一种有效的解决途径。该方法充分利用了T-S故障树在描述系统故障多态性、事件逻辑关系模糊性及复杂性方面的优势,同时基于映射生成的贝叶斯网络实现了系统不同故障状态发生后故障致因的逆向推理诊断。这一有效的融合提高了可靠性评估的准确性和效率,为油气工艺系统的安全运行提供了更为坚实的理论支撑。
(2)针对油气厂站设备故障样本数据积累量不足、信息不完整以及数据质量参差不齐等现实状况,提出了基于贫故障样本和通用可靠性数据库的基本事件故障率贝叶斯更新估计模型。该模型能够有效地利用有限的故障样本数据和通用可靠性数据库信息,对基本事件故障率进行更为准确的估计。此外,在故障数据缺失的情况下,还建议采用基于模糊群体决策理论的失效概率估算方法[7],进一步提高了可靠性评估的可行性和准确性。这些方法不仅为转油站工艺系统的可靠性评估提供了必要的基础数据支撑,还为其他类似系统的可靠性评估提供了有益的参考。
(3)构建了典型转油站工艺系统的T-S模糊故障树模型和贝叶斯网络模型,并通过两种模型协同工作,有效地进行了系统不同故障状态的可靠性评估与故障原因诊断。这样的应用不仅为系统的安全运行提供了有力的决策依据,同时也揭示了故障关系模型的复杂性和条件概率表的庞大性所带来的计算繁琐和工作量巨大的问题。针对这一问题,建议使用一些辅助工具(如GeNIe、Python等)来提高计算效率,并确保计算结果的准确性。
  • 重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0772)
  • 重庆市技术预见与制度创新项目(cstc2021jsyj-yzysbAX0024)
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2025年第25卷第22期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404466
  • 接收时间:2024-06-14
  • 首发时间:2026-02-11
  • 出版时间:2025-08-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-14
  • 修回日期:2025-04-15
基金
重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0772)
重庆市技术预见与制度创新项目(cstc2021jsyj-yzysbAX0024)
作者信息
    1 重庆科技大学石油与天然气工程学院, 重庆 401331
    2 大庆油田设计院有限公司, 大庆 163712
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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