Article(id=1228279666121831357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1228279664221815452, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407512, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1728576000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-11, revisedDate=1747152000000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770774292728, onlineDateStr=2026-02-11, pubDate=1754582400000, pubDateStr=2025-08-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770774292728, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770774292728, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770774292728, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228279664221815452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='22', pageStart='9211', pageEnd='9648', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770774292283, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770777611996, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228293588207992892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1228279664221815452, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228293588207992893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1228279664221815452, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=9561, endPage=9567, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228279670941085698, articleId=1228279666121831357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Design Optimization and Experimental of CFRP Anchorage with Arching Clip-type, columnId=1228279669053649867, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The existing CFRP(carbon fiber reinforced plastic) plate clip-type anchorage exhibits arching deformation during the tensioning process due to compressive forces on the inside wall of the anchor cup. This causes “voids” at the contact interface between the anchor cup and the clip, leading to an uneven distribution of lateral forces within the CFRP plate anchorage section. The sides of the CFRP plate are prone to cracking failure due to stress concentration. An optimized design for arching clip-type CFRP plate anchors was proposed to address this issue. Finite element numerical simulations and static loading tension tests were conducted on clip-type anchors with varying arch heights. The findings show that the primary failure mode of conventional CFRP plate clip-type anchors is initial cracking followed by fragmentation, with an anchoring efficiency of only 68.75%. When the arch height is low, the voids in the anchor cup are not adequately filled, resulting in lower compressive stress and an anchoring efficiency of 56.67%. When the arch height is too high(0.5 mm), stress concentration occurs in the middle section of the CFRP plate anchorage, which increases the anchoring efficiency to 81.25%, but this is still suboptimal. Notably, when the arch height is set to 0.25 mm, anchoring efficiency increases to 90.83%, and the failure mode shifts to explosive failure, indicating that the CFRP material has been fully utilized. The rational adjustment of the clip’s arch height effectively prevents cracking failures in the CFRP plate anchorage due to voids, demonstrating the significant engineering application value of this research.

, correspAuthors=Dan XIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Min ZHAO, Dan XIAO, Yi-jia QI, Zhong-qiang WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1228279679946256866, articleId=1228279666121831357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=夹片起弧式CFRP板锚具设计优化与试验, columnId=1228279670290969583, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·交通运输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

现有碳纤维增强复合材料(carbon fiber reinforced plastic,CFRP)板夹片式锚具在张拉过程中,由于锚杯上下内壁受到挤压力的作用,易产生起拱变形,进而在锚杯与夹片接触面出现“脱空”现象,这导致CFRP板锚固段在横向受力上呈现不均匀性。同时,CFRP板两侧由于应力集中,易发生劈裂破坏。为改善此问题,提出了夹片起弧式CFRP板锚具的优化设计思路,并对不同起弧高度的夹片式锚具进行了有限元数值模拟与静载张拉试验研究。研究结果表明,传统CFRP板夹片式锚具的主要破坏形式为先劈裂后拉碎,其锚固效率仅为68.75%。当夹片起弧高度较低时,无法有效填充锚杯的“脱空”,导致CFRP板锚固段整体压应力水平偏低,锚固效率下降至56.67%。相反,若夹片起弧过高(0.5 mm),则会在CFRP板锚固段中部产生应力集中,锚固效率提升至81.25%,但仍非最优。值得注意的是,当夹片起弧高度设置为0.25 mm时,锚固效率显著提高至90.83%,且破坏形式转变为爆炸式破坏,这表明CFRP材料的性能得到了充分发挥。因此,合理设置夹片起弧高度可有效防止CFRP板锚固段因“脱空”而发生劈裂破坏,研究结果具有较高的工程应用价值。

, correspAuthors=肖丹, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 肖丹(1976—),男,汉族,湖南南县人,博士,讲师。研究方向:大跨度桥梁性能评估、健康监测及性能提升技术。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=pe5K8Cf4UQAK5r8vQAA/fA==, magXml=ggd4pSGiDl1Ehj21og0g4g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=N9MsI7hL8IQ9n9RYiUfaKA==, pdfFileSize=10296076, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=zjFuIzMe3oXc/yhwKna/Vw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=yf+4RrQfTH0VMlKWcS/V1w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

赵敏(1999—),女,汉族,湖南邵阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:大跨度桥梁性能提升技术。E-mail:

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赵敏(1999—),女,汉族,湖南邵阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:大跨度桥梁性能提升技术。E-mail:

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赵敏(1999—),女,汉族,湖南邵阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:大跨度桥梁性能提升技术。E-mail:

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journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666121831357, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Schematic comparison of the contact relationship between the anchor cup and the clip in the initial state, figureFileSmall=V2Gi6R4l2e+ztWzWj2NUew==, figureFileBig=ngYY+zNkRoGO1BA6u3X7og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369863186514393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666121831357, language=CN, label=图2, caption=初始状态锚杯与夹片的接触关系对比图, figureFileSmall=V2Gi6R4l2e+ztWzWj2NUew==, figureFileBig=ngYY+zNkRoGO1BA6u3X7og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369863274594784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666121831357, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Schematic comparison of the contact relationship between the anchor cup and the clip under applied load, figureFileSmall=Up1fhxz3L738ptaFljwFoQ==, figureFileBig=ogq7SWFkBVupv8B2fLBu7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369863375258085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666121831357, language=CN, label=图3, caption=受力后锚杯与夹片的接触关系对比图, figureFileSmall=Up1fhxz3L738ptaFljwFoQ==, figureFileBig=ogq7SWFkBVupv8B2fLBu7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369863442366959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666121831357, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Schematic diagram of the force on the contact surface between the clip and the anchor cup, figureFileSmall=HsX6rWsQK/yn77qvEsOhUA==, figureFileBig=neTqlM+aYY6Dc5MarGsy+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369863555613173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666121831357, language=CN, label=图4, caption=夹板与锚杯接触面受力示意图, figureFileSmall=HsX6rWsQK/yn77qvEsOhUA==, figureFileBig=neTqlM+aYY6Dc5MarGsy+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369863660470780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666121831357, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Schematic diagram stress distribution on the inner surface of the anchor cup, figureFileSmall=psRtiDxAyZ6E//Ih0potVA==, figureFileBig=tSlh+CFp1F9KcvH7upnErQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228369863786299903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666121831357, language=CN, label=null, caption=

Max为锚杯内表面应力的最大值,MPa图5 锚杯内表面应力分布图

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Main design parameters of the components

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型编号 M1 M2 M3 M4
夹片起弧高度e/mm 0 0.15 0.25 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1228369865090728522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666121831357, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

构件的主要设计参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型编号 M1 M2 M3 M4
夹片起弧高度e/mm 0 0.15 0.25 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1228369865174614610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666121831357, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Finite element simulation results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型编号 CFRP板 锚杯 夹片
理论破坏
荷载/kN
模拟破坏
荷载/kN
模拟锚固
效率/%
压应力峰
值/kN
峰值位置-
板宽方向
峰值位置-
板长方向
Y向变形最
大值/mm
在锚杯中前进
距离/mm
M1 240 172.8 72 35.397 两侧 后段 0.25 5.53
M2 240 153.6 64 21.61 两侧 后端角点 0.45 10.63
M3 240 240 100 36.69 中心 前中段 0.65 16.30
M4 240 211.2 88 56.28 中心 前中段 0.86 17.84
), ArticleFig(id=1228369865250112089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666121831357, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

有限元模拟结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型编号 CFRP板 锚杯 夹片
理论破坏
荷载/kN
模拟破坏
荷载/kN
模拟锚固
效率/%
压应力峰
值/kN
峰值位置-
板宽方向
峰值位置-
板长方向
Y向变形最
大值/mm
在锚杯中前进
距离/mm
M1 240 172.8 72 35.397 两侧 后段 0.25 5.53
M2 240 153.6 64 21.61 两侧 后端角点 0.45 10.63
M3 240 240 100 36.69 中心 前中段 0.65 16.30
M4 240 211.2 88 56.28 中心 前中段 0.86 17.84
), ArticleFig(id=1228369865346581083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666121831357, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Summary of test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件 高度 理论破坏
荷载/kN
破坏荷载/
kN
锚固效率/
%
破坏形式
M1 0 240 165 68.75 劈裂-拉碎
M2 0.15 240 136 56.67 滑脱
M3 0.25 240 218 90.83 爆炸式拉碎
M4 0.5 240 195 81.25 劈裂-拉碎
), ArticleFig(id=1228369865443050081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666121831357, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

试验结果汇总

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件 高度 理论破坏
荷载/kN
破坏荷载/
kN
锚固效率/
%
破坏形式
M1 0 240 165 68.75 劈裂-拉碎
M2 0.15 240 136 56.67 滑脱
M3 0.25 240 218 90.83 爆炸式拉碎
M4 0.5 240 195 81.25 劈裂-拉碎
), ArticleFig(id=1228369865577267816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666121831357, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Strain and loss of CFRP plates in specimens

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件 变量/
mm
A点最大
应变/με
B点最大
应变/με
C点最大
应变/με
平均应变/
με
平均应变
损失/με
应变损失比/
%
锚固效率
$\eta $/%
M1 0 10 495 9 350 10 167 10 004 447.00 4.47 68.75
M2 0.15 8 628 7 580 8 914 8 374 533.00 6.36 56.67
M3 0.25 12 997 13 635 13 241 13 291 229.33 1.73 90.83
M4 0.5 11 214 12 296 11 326 11 612 456.00 3.93 81.25
), ArticleFig(id=1228369865694708333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1228279666121831357, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

试件中CFRP板的应变及损失

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件 变量/
mm
A点最大
应变/με
B点最大
应变/με
C点最大
应变/με
平均应变/
με
平均应变
损失/με
应变损失比/
%
锚固效率
$\eta $/%
M1 0 10 495 9 350 10 167 10 004 447.00 4.47 68.75
M2 0.15 8 628 7 580 8 914 8 374 533.00 6.36 56.67
M3 0.25 12 997 13 635 13 241 13 291 229.33 1.73 90.83
M4 0.5 11 214 12 296 11 326 11 612 456.00 3.93 81.25
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赵敏 1 , 肖丹 1, * , 齐艺佳 2 , 王中强 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025,25(22): 9561-9567
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025, 25(22): 9561-9567
夹片起弧式CFRP板锚具设计优化与试验
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赵敏1 , 肖丹1, * , 齐艺佳2, 王中强1
作者信息
  • 1 长沙理工大学土木工程学院, 长沙 410114
  • 2 深圳燃气集团股份有限公司, 深圳 518172
  • 赵敏(1999—),女,汉族,湖南邵阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:大跨度桥梁性能提升技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 肖丹(1976—),男,汉族,湖南南县人,博士,讲师。研究方向:大跨度桥梁性能评估、健康监测及性能提升技术。E-mail:
Design Optimization and Experimental of CFRP Anchorage with Arching Clip-type
Min ZHAO1 , Dan XIAO1, * , Yi-jia QI2, Zhong-qiang WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
  • 2 Shenzhen Gas Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518172, China
出版时间: 2025-08-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407512
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现有碳纤维增强复合材料(carbon fiber reinforced plastic,CFRP)板夹片式锚具在张拉过程中,由于锚杯上下内壁受到挤压力的作用,易产生起拱变形,进而在锚杯与夹片接触面出现“脱空”现象,这导致CFRP板锚固段在横向受力上呈现不均匀性。同时,CFRP板两侧由于应力集中,易发生劈裂破坏。为改善此问题,提出了夹片起弧式CFRP板锚具的优化设计思路,并对不同起弧高度的夹片式锚具进行了有限元数值模拟与静载张拉试验研究。研究结果表明,传统CFRP板夹片式锚具的主要破坏形式为先劈裂后拉碎,其锚固效率仅为68.75%。当夹片起弧高度较低时,无法有效填充锚杯的“脱空”,导致CFRP板锚固段整体压应力水平偏低,锚固效率下降至56.67%。相反,若夹片起弧过高(0.5 mm),则会在CFRP板锚固段中部产生应力集中,锚固效率提升至81.25%,但仍非最优。值得注意的是,当夹片起弧高度设置为0.25 mm时,锚固效率显著提高至90.83%,且破坏形式转变为爆炸式破坏,这表明CFRP材料的性能得到了充分发挥。因此,合理设置夹片起弧高度可有效防止CFRP板锚固段因“脱空”而发生劈裂破坏,研究结果具有较高的工程应用价值。

CFRP板  /  锚具  /  夹片起弧  /  设计优化  /  有限元模拟  /  静载试验

The existing CFRP(carbon fiber reinforced plastic) plate clip-type anchorage exhibits arching deformation during the tensioning process due to compressive forces on the inside wall of the anchor cup. This causes “voids” at the contact interface between the anchor cup and the clip, leading to an uneven distribution of lateral forces within the CFRP plate anchorage section. The sides of the CFRP plate are prone to cracking failure due to stress concentration. An optimized design for arching clip-type CFRP plate anchors was proposed to address this issue. Finite element numerical simulations and static loading tension tests were conducted on clip-type anchors with varying arch heights. The findings show that the primary failure mode of conventional CFRP plate clip-type anchors is initial cracking followed by fragmentation, with an anchoring efficiency of only 68.75%. When the arch height is low, the voids in the anchor cup are not adequately filled, resulting in lower compressive stress and an anchoring efficiency of 56.67%. When the arch height is too high(0.5 mm), stress concentration occurs in the middle section of the CFRP plate anchorage, which increases the anchoring efficiency to 81.25%, but this is still suboptimal. Notably, when the arch height is set to 0.25 mm, anchoring efficiency increases to 90.83%, and the failure mode shifts to explosive failure, indicating that the CFRP material has been fully utilized. The rational adjustment of the clip’s arch height effectively prevents cracking failures in the CFRP plate anchorage due to voids, demonstrating the significant engineering application value of this research.

CFRP plate  /  anchorage  /  clip arcing  /  design optimization  /  finite element simulation  /  static load test
赵敏, 肖丹, 齐艺佳, 王中强. 夹片起弧式CFRP板锚具设计优化与试验. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (22) : 9561 -9567 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407512
Min ZHAO, Dan XIAO, Yi-jia QI, Zhong-qiang WANG. Design Optimization and Experimental of CFRP Anchorage with Arching Clip-type[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (22) : 9561 -9567 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407512
碳纤维增强复合材料(carbon fiber reinforced plastic, CFRP)板[1],以其卓越的轻质、高强、抗疲劳及耐腐蚀等特性,在预应力加固领域占据重要地位[2-3]。采用预应力CFRP板加固技术,能显著提升结构的抗开裂和抗弯能力[4-6]。然而,鉴于CFRP板具有显著的各向异性特征,其抗剪能力差,当使用传统楔形夹片锚具[7]进行张拉的过程中,楔形夹片逐渐进入锚杯,锚杯发生起拱变形, 导致CFRP板所受压应分布不均匀[8],张拉力远未达到CFRP板的抗拉强度时,CFRP板即发生劈裂破坏现象。在此情况下,锚具的锚固效率较低,无法有效发挥CFRP板优越的材料性能。为了充分发挥CFRP板的卓越性能,必须对传统锚具进行优化,以保证其能高效稳定的加固结构,提高结构使用寿命[9-10]
迄今为止,众多学者已发现这一问题,并针对其破坏机制进行了深入研究,进而提出了解决该问题的有效策略。具体而言,侯苏伟等[11]针对平板型锚具提出一种新型设计,将平面夹板设计为内曲面式,并通过有限元验证,此设计有效解决了CFRP板在断口处的横向剪应力突变而发生竖向剪切破坏。姜燕[12]在内曲面式锚具基础上提出双曲面设计,并通过试验验证,双曲面设计可以有效减小CFRP板锚具表面的横向剪应力和纵向剪应力。吴刚[8]博士通过构建夹片与碳板无胶体的有限元模型模拟张拉过程,观察到在锚具预紧及碳板张拉过程中,锚板中后部区域会出现显著的Y向变形,且此变形自中部向两侧呈均匀分布态势。李舜新[13]提出了一种创新方法,即对称地将夹片顶部两端点进行“削切”处理,形成切角,此举旨在引导应力沿45°角方向扩散,从而促使CFRP板承受更为均匀的应力分布。Tan等[14]研发了用于CFRP板的圆柱形楔形锚固系统,通过圆柱形的锚具设计,使CFRP板的压力分布更均匀,并通过试验验证其锚固效率达到98%以上。此外,文献[15-16]针对楔形夹片的设计提出改进,将楔形夹片的顶面由平面优化为弧面结构。这一改进旨在解决碳纤维板中部可能因挤压力不足而与夹片中间区域发生相对滑移的问题,同时也有助于提升锚具的锚固效能,实现对锚具整体性能的优化升级。然而,上述研究仍存在不足之处,所提出的解决方式没有进行深入研究,探索切角的参数以及夹片弧形顶部的弧面形式等对锚具的影响都考虑不足。
综上所述,针对平板型锚具中CFRP板应力分布不均匀现象已有多种有效解决方式,然而针对楔形夹片式锚具中此现象的研究却并不深入。在锚具预紧和张拉环节中,锚杯所呈现的“脱空”现象,即由于锚杯内壁受到挤压力作用而产生起拱变形,进而导致锚杯与夹片之间出现间隙,此现象被界定为“脱空”现象,是诱发CFRP板提前失效及降低锚固效率的关键因素。
鉴于此,现提出夹片起弧的设计策略,旨在通过夹片起弧的构造特性来补偿锚杯的“脱空”现象,确保张拉过程中锚杯与夹片能够紧密接触。此举不仅增大夹片与锚杯的接触面积,提升锚具的夹持效能,还确保CFRP板受力分布均匀,有效规避CFRP板因劈裂或滑脱而引发的破坏,进而提高锚固效率。此外,还深入探讨夹片起弧高度的优化问题,详细分析夹片起弧对锚具锚固效率的具体影响机制。
夹片起弧技术系在传统楔形夹片的顶端引入外曲面设计,此举旨在通过扩大锚具张拉状态下夹片与锚杯之间的接触界面,进而达到更为卓越的挤压效能。
图1所示,上下楔形夹片的斜面设计为圆弧形状,具体表现为:夹片的上曲面圆曲线由3个特定点进行精确界定,这3个点分别是圆曲线中点位置的锚杯与上下夹片的接触点A,以及位于夹片楔形面横向两端的BC两点。A点至BC直线段的垂直距离被定义为夹片的起弧高度e。在Z轴方向上,从中心向两侧延伸,夹片的厚度呈现逐渐减小的趋势;而在X轴方向上,所有位置的起弧高度均保持一致,确保了夹片设计的精确性和稳定性。
通过对比分析,探讨传统夹片与起弧夹片在与锚杯接触时的关系差异。夹片与锚杯在组装完成后的初始状态如图2所示。
在初始状态时,传统的夹片与锚杯内壁处于紧密贴合状态,而起弧设计的夹片则与锚杯内壁的顶部区域相接触。当对锚具执行预紧及张拉操作时,锚杯的上下壁面会受到外部压力作用,从而引发起拱形变。此形变过程导致锚杯与夹片之间的接触条件发生显著变化:传统夹片与锚杯的接触面积相应减小,而采用起弧设计的夹片则能够更有效地与锚杯贴合,确保较大的接触面积,如图3所示。
依据示意图所呈现的信息,夹片与锚杯之间的接触状态发生了显著变化,这一变化构成了夹片起弧设计的核心理念。具体而言,传统设计下,夹片与锚杯之间的接触形式由面接触逐渐演变为线接触;而在起弧夹片的应用中,这一接触形式又逆向发展,由线接触转变为面接触。
为了进一步巩固这一设计的理论基础,本文深入开展了针对起弧夹片与锚杯的力学分析。图4所示为上夹板与锚杯在接触状态下的剖面受力情况,可以更直观地理解并验证起弧夹片设计的合理性与有效性。
根据力的平衡法则,可得出锚杯某一点的挤压力大小为
${d}_{\mathrm{F}}=R\left(z\right)\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}\alpha \mathrm{d}z$
式(1)中:dF为某一点的挤压力,N;R(z)为某点垂直于夹板起弧曲面的荷载,N;$\alpha $为夹板内侧纵向曲面切线与水平方向的夹角,°;z为锚杯横向上的距离,mm。
则锚杯表面纵向上某点的正应力可表示为
$\sigma \left(z\right)=\frac{{d}_{\mathrm{F}}}{{d}_{\mathrm{A}}}=\frac{R\left(z\right)\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}\alpha \mathrm{d}z}{{d}_{\mathrm{A}}}$
式(2)中:$\sigma \left(z\right)$为某点的正应力,MPa;dA为锚杯表面微元的面积,mm2
在微元处,考虑约等于,则式(2)可化简得
$\sigma \left(z\right)=R\left(z\right)\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}\alpha $
在锚杯内表面的受力分布如图5所示,呈现中间往两侧递减的形式。
据研究所得,夹片外曲面设计的运用,使得在锚杯未变形状态下,应力从中部区域逐步向两侧区域减弱。当锚杯受到张拉并发生形变后,其两侧应力显著增加而中部应力相对减小,这种变化共同促使锚杯传递的应力分布更为均衡,有效规避了CFRP板两侧出现应力过度集中的问题。
为深入探究设置夹片的起弧高度对锚具锚固效率的具体影响及其背后的机理,本文研究采用了对照法,设计了4组具有代表性的起弧高度,以进行锚具张拉研究的对比分析,数据如表1所示。在此过程中,运用ABAQUS有限元软件建立锚具模型,对锚具预紧、张拉过程进行数值模拟并对结果进行分析。此外,为了确保研究结果的准确性和可靠性,研究团队进行了静载张拉试验,旨在通过实际测试来验证夹片起弧高度对锚具实际锚固能力的影响,为后续的研究和应用提供有力的数据支持。
锚具由几个关键部件组成,包括一体式锚杯、两个楔形夹片以及CFRP板[17]。为了确保锚具的强度和耐久性,选用低合金结构钢Q345作为锚杯和夹片的材料。
在进行数值模拟时采取了模型简化[19]的策略,以确保分析的有效性和效率。如图6所示,为简化后的模型示意图,其中保留了锚杯部分,并选取了锚杯、夹片以及CFRP板这3个关键组件,构建了半结构模型以进行后续的有限元分析。在模拟过程中,特别关注夹片和CFRP板的受力情况,对夹片施加了预紧力后对CFRP板施加张拉力,以确保模拟条件能够充分反映实际工程中锚具的张拉过程。这样的处理方式既保证了分析的严谨性,又兼顾了计算效率。
4组不同起弧高度的有限元模型结果如表2所示。
(1)在无起弧的平板夹片模型M1中,CFRP板在张拉力超过172.8 kN时被拉断,且断裂位置在CFRP板的板宽两侧。
(2)起弧0.15 mm的模型M2中CFRP板在张拉力超过153.6 kN时从锚杯中滑脱,压应力峰值仅21.61 kN,锚具不能对CFRP板提供足够的夹持力。
(3)起弧0.25 mm的模型M3中,CFRP板在240 kN张拉力作用下可完成张拉,夹片起弧的存在使得压应力的峰值位置出现在板宽中心。
(4)在起弧0.5 mm的模型M4中,CFRP板在张拉力超过211.2 kN时被拉断,表明过高的起弧对结构产生了负面效应。
为了深入探究上述结果产生的原因,对CFRP的Y向压应力云图(图7)进行分析。从图7可以看出,模型M1中,压应力集中在两侧,中部压应力小,应力分布不均匀,锚杯发生了“脱空”现象。
模型M2、模型M3、模型M4中设置夹片起弧后,随着起弧高度的逐步提升,可观察到压应力集中区域在Z轴方向上呈现出由两侧向中部逐渐迁移的趋势,同时在X轴方向上,该集中区域也显示出从自由端角点逐步向张拉端移动的规律。这一现象充分证明了设计夹片起弧措施的有效性,其能够显著补偿锚杯可能存在的“脱空”问题,进而有效防止CFRP板在两侧区域出现压应力过度集中的不利状况。
然而,过低的起弧高度无法充分填充锚杯与夹片之间的间隙,进而导致夹片夹持力不足,使得整个CFRP板的压应力水平偏低,易于发生滑脱破坏现象。相反,若起弧高度过高,则会产生过度填充的情况,这不但会导致锚杯发生不必要的变形,还会引发应力集中,进而削弱CFRP板的锚固效果。因此,唯有采用适当高度的起弧夹片,方能有效填充锚杯与夹片间的间隙,并确保传递出均匀且稳定的夹持力。
锚具静载试验采用千斤顶进行张拉,在实验前先通过顶压装置对夹片自由端分级施加100 kN顶压力,将夹片匀速推入锚杯中,待其稳定后卸载再进行张拉。加载方案按照行业标准《桥梁用预应力碳纤维板—夹持式锚具(JT/T 1267—2019)》附录 C:预应力碳纤维板—锚具静载锚固性能试验方法中的条款进行。加载时采用力控制模式,逐级增加荷载,每级以20 kN为增量,并在达到每级加载数值后保持荷载3 min,待数据稳定后进行记录,当加载值达到CFRP板抗拉强度标准值的70%(即168 kN)时,保持荷载1 h,并记录数据,随后逐级缓慢加载,直至破坏。
为了分析夹片起弧对张拉过程中CFRP板横向压应力分布的影响,在CFRP板板宽方向粘贴应变片于A、B、C三点,测点位置如图8所示。
4组试件的试验结果(表3),观察CFRP板的破坏现象,将其破坏形式分为滑脱破坏、劈裂-拉碎破坏以及爆炸式拉碎破坏,如图9所示。
根据破坏模式的观察与分析可知:在无起弧夹片式锚具(试件M1)与起弧高度过高的夹片式锚具(试件M4)中,由于CFRP板在横向方向上出现了显著的应力集中现象,进而导致了劈裂破坏的发生。相比之下,在起弧高度相对较小的夹片式锚具(试件M2)中,由于锚具的夹持力未能达到充分,使得CFRP板发生了滑脱破坏。然而,在具备适当起弧高度的夹片式锚具(试件M3)中,CFRP板则呈现出了完全的爆炸式拉碎破坏形态,这种破坏形式下,CFRP材料的强度得到了充分的发挥,进而使得锚具的锚固效率达到了较高的水平。
汇总了4组试件中CFRP板上A、B、C三点的应变及应变损失数据(表4),并基于这些数据进行了深入分析,得出以下结论。
(1)在所有试件中,A、C两点的应变与B点存在显著差异,这一发现揭示了同一截面位置处碳纤维间的应变并非同步发生,显示出明显的非均匀性。
(2)针对试件M1和M2,B点的应变值相较于A、C两点明显较小。这一现象表明,在此类试件中,CFRP板两侧的夹持力相对较大,而对于M2试件,其夹片的起弧高度可能不足,未能达到理想状态。
(3)在试件M3中,情况则截然相反,B点的应变值超过了A、C两点。这进一步说明了在M3试件中,CFRP板中部的夹持力得到了显著增强,且夹片的起弧高度达到了适宜的水平。
(4)进一步观察试件M3和M4,发现B点与A点、C两点之间的碳纤维应变差异进一步扩大。这一变化反映出CFRP板两侧与中部的夹持力差异正在加剧,导致应力在板的中部区域出现了明显的集中现象。同时,这也提示选择夹片时,其起弧高度不宜过高,以避免对CFRP板造成不利影响。
综上所述,为了确保CFRP板在获得足够夹持力的同时,能够保持板宽方向的受力均匀性,提高强度利用率,必须选择具有适当起弧高度的夹片。这是确保预应力CFRP板性能稳定、可靠的关键所在。
通过对比分析有限元数值模拟与静载张拉试验所得出的4组锚固效率数据(图10),不论是有限元模拟结果还是静载试验结果,均一致地反映出适当的夹片起弧设计对于提升锚固效率具有积极作用。
进一步深入观察,静载试验所得出的锚固效率普遍低于有限元模拟的预测值。这主要归因于几个关键因素:一是实际试验材料的物理特性与有限元模拟中采用的参数之间存在一定的偏差;二是锚具的制造精度有限,难以完全达到理论设计的要求;三是试验过程中可能存在的设备误差和操作误差。然而,值得注意的是,尽管存在这些差异,静载试验与有限元模拟在结果的变化趋势上却表现出高度的一致性。此外,有限元模拟预测的失效模式与静载试验中观察到的破坏模式相吻合,进一步通过CFRP板的破坏形态验证了模拟中压应力和应变分布规律的正确性,从而确认了有限元模拟结果的可靠性,并与试验结果形成了相互验证的闭环。
提出了一种夹片起弧设计思路,并据此对不同起弧高度的夹片式锚具进行了详尽的有限元数值模拟与静载张拉试验。通过科学分析,揭示了影响锚固效率的关键因素及其作用机理。研究结果表明,夹片起弧设计对锚具的锚固效率、CFRP板的应力分布以及横向应变均产生了显著影响。
(1)夹片起弧的设计核心在于其外曲面形态,该形态在预紧过程中能够显著增加夹片与锚杯的接触面积,进而提升整体承载能力。这种设计不仅增强了夹片对CFRP板的全面压迫效果,还使夹片能够灵活适应锚杯因变形而产生的拱起,有效补偿了锚杯可能发生的“脱空”问题,从而确保了夹持力的均匀分布和有效传递。
(2)依据有限元模拟的结果以及静载试验的数据,可以明确得出结论:仅当夹片具备恰当的起弧高度时,方能促使CFRP板的横向应力分布达到更为均匀的状态,并有效补偿锚杯可能产生的“脱空”现象,从而显著提升锚具对碳板的夹持效能。
(3)本文所阐述的夹片起弧技术,在针对采用Q345钢作为材料的锚具进行试验时,发现试件M3(其夹片起弧高度设定为0.25 mm)展现出了最优异的锚固性能。具体而言,该试件在静载试验中实现了高达90.83%的锚固效率,这一显著成果有效解决了因锚杯“脱空”现象而引发的CFRP板宽两侧应力集中,进而导致CFRP板劈裂破坏的问题。
  • 长沙理工大学桥梁工程领域开放基金(11KA14)
  • 长沙理工大学桥梁与隧道工程创新性项目(11ZDXK02)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407512
  • 接收时间:2024-10-11
  • 首发时间:2026-02-11
  • 出版时间:2025-08-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-11
  • 修回日期:2025-05-14
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长沙理工大学桥梁工程领域开放基金(11KA14)
长沙理工大学桥梁与隧道工程创新性项目(11ZDXK02)
作者信息
    1 长沙理工大学土木工程学院, 长沙 410114
    2 深圳燃气集团股份有限公司, 深圳 518172

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* 肖丹(1976—),男,汉族,湖南南县人,博士,讲师。研究方向:大跨度桥梁性能评估、健康监测及性能提升技术。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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