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Article(id=1225132869849338374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309198, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1700582400000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-22, revisedDate=1730736000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770024038039, onlineDateStr=2026-02-02, pubDate=1738944000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770024038039, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770024038039, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770024038039, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156949362480861758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='4', pageStart='1312', pageEnd='1751', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1738944000000', pubDateStr='2025-02-08', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753767823094, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1755171161273, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1628, endPage=1636, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1225132870516232722, articleId=1225132869849338374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Effect of Corrosion and Freeze-thaw Coupling on the Durability of Fiber Gypsum Based Cementified Materials, columnId=1156262729917780302, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to investigate the durability of fiber gypsum-based cementation material, a composite material was prepared by incorporating polypropylene and ramie fibers into high-strength gypsum, fly ash, and slag in a ratio of 44∶34∶22.Sodium methylsilicate was utilized for waterproofing the fiber gypsum-based cementitious material, and the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on its softening property, water absorption, and mass loss were studied after 5, 15, 25, 45, and 90 days under the combined action of H2SO4 or NaOH corrosion and freeze-thaw. Freeze-thaw strain testing, flexural and compressive strength testing, as well as industrial computed tomography(CT) scanning were conducted. The results indicate that fibers can mitigate both elastic and plastic deformation of the gypsum-based cementitious material during freeze-thaw cycles. Furthermore, under the combined effect of acid-base corrosion and freeze-thaw cycles, NaOH causes greater damage than H2SO4 does. After undergoing 90 days of freeze-thaw cycling with sodium methylsilicate treatment applied to it,the flexural and compressive softening coefficients increase by 0.28 and 0.13 respectively compared to specimens without waterproofing; meanwhile water absorption rates decrease by 1.56% while mass loss rates decreased by 9.52%. As freezing-and thawing times increase,pore development in specimens is still dominated by small holes,and crack diameters are mainly between 0.1~2 mm.

, authors=null, authorsList=Hong-quan ZHANG, Peng-wu REN, Xiao-dong LI, Lin YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiao-dong LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1225132878971950015, articleId=1225132869849338374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=腐蚀与冻融耦合作用下对纤维石膏基胶凝材料耐久性能的影响, columnId=1156262730517565784, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·建筑科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=为探究纤维石膏基胶凝材料的耐久性能,本试验将高强石膏、粉煤灰和矿渣按照44∶34∶22的比例,通过掺杂聚丙烯纤维和苎麻纤维制成纤维石膏基胶凝材料,使用甲基硅酸钠对纤维石膏基胶凝材料进行防水处理,探究在 H2SO4或NaOH腐蚀与冻融耦合作用下,冻融5、15、25、45、90 d对纤维石膏基胶凝材料软化性能、吸水率和质量损失率的影响。对纤维石膏基胶凝材料进行冻融应变检测,抗折及抗压强度检测,工业计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)检测。结果表明:纤维可以减少石膏基胶凝材料在冻融时的弹性和塑性变形;在酸碱腐蚀与冻融耦合作用下,NaOH 比H2SO4对纤维石膏基胶凝材料的损伤更大;使用浸泡甲基硅酸钠作防水处理的纤维石膏基胶凝材料,经过90 d冻融后,对比不做防水处理的试件,提高了0.28和0.13的抗折和抗压软化系数,降低了1.56%和9.52%的吸水率和质量损失率;随着冻融次数增加,试件孔隙开展仍以小孔为主,裂隙直径主要为0.1~2 mm。, authors=

张宏权(1975—),男,汉族,甘肃通渭人,高级工程师。研究方向:装饰技术。E-mail:。

, authorsList=张宏权, 任鹏武, 李晓东, 杨林, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李晓东, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*李晓东(1973—),男,汉族,甘肃兰州人,博士,副教授。研究方向:钢结构。E-mail:。
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张宏权(1975—),男,汉族,甘肃通渭人,高级工程师。研究方向:装饰技术。E-mail:。

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张宏权(1975—),男,汉族,甘肃通渭人,高级工程师。研究方向:装饰技术。E-mail:。

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figureFileBig=Rz5yC5c0OnznT/K0SWx1DQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944427387077484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1225132869849338374, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Flexural softening coefficient and compressive softening coefficient of specimens treated with sodium methylsilicate, figureFileSmall=ayaybDEHPqyp5B50MgaOJg==, figureFileBig=5MUNiNXq1IYAy3G+vlkWvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944427546461053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1225132869849338374, language=CN, label=图13, caption=涂抹甲基硅酸钠处理试件的抗折软化系数和抗压软化系数

A为涂抹甲基硅酸钠处理试件;1为冻融循环中使用水溶液溶解;2为冻融循环中使用酸溶液溶解;3为冻融循环中使用碱溶液溶解

, figureFileSmall=ayaybDEHPqyp5B50MgaOJg==, figureFileBig=5MUNiNXq1IYAy3G+vlkWvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944427672290187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1225132869849338374, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Flexural softening coefficient and compressive softening coefficient of cementitious material specimens soaked in sodium methylsilicate solution, figureFileSmall=LRGwLT1UJvTpnSXKnGnrUg==, figureFileBig=d8XP4Omc1LjuGeUwHn5arA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944427781342099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1225132869849338374, language=CN, label=图14, caption=浸泡甲基硅酸钠溶液的胶凝材料试件的抗折软化系数和抗压软化系数

B表示浸泡甲基硅酸钠处理试件;1表示冻融循环中使用水溶液溶解;2表示冻融循环中使用酸溶液溶解;3表示冻融循环中使用碱溶液溶解

, figureFileSmall=LRGwLT1UJvTpnSXKnGnrUg==, figureFileBig=d8XP4Omc1LjuGeUwHn5arA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944427965891491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1225132869849338374, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=CT scan image after 45 days of freezing and thawing, figureFileSmall=qTaP1bS985xtgsf+MqbuAw==, figureFileBig=RmpXlT38uqxR7fRokpgFeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225944429383566263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1225132869849338374, language=CN, label=图15, caption=冻融45 d后CT扫描图

箭头标记处为试块冻融过程中产生的裂隙

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Chemical composition of raw materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
原材料 质量分数/%
CaO SiO2 MgO Al2O3 SO3 Fe2O3
粉煤灰 3.12 49.61 1.04 36.65 0.74 3.82
矿渣 35.67 36.12 11.34 16.31 0.44 0.32
), ArticleFig(id=1225944430935457839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1225132869849338374, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

原料化学组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
原材料 质量分数/%
CaO SiO2 MgO Al2O3 SO3 Fe2O3
粉煤灰 3.12 49.61 1.04 36.65 0.74 3.82
矿渣 35.67 36.12 11.34 16.31 0.44 0.32
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腐蚀与冻融耦合作用下对纤维石膏基胶凝材料耐久性能的影响
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张宏权 1 , 任鹏武 2 , 李晓东 2, * , 杨林 3
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(4): 1628-1636
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科学技术与工程 |论文·建筑科学 2025 , 25 (4) : 1628 -1636
腐蚀与冻融耦合作用下对纤维石膏基胶凝材料耐久性能的影响
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张宏权1 , 任鹏武2, 李晓东2, * , 杨林3
作者信息
  • 1 甘肃第七建设集团股份有限公司, 兰州 730000
  • 2 兰州理工大学土木工程学院, 兰州 730050
  • 3 西安五和土木工程新材料有限公司, 西安 710075
通讯作者:
*李晓东(1973—),男,汉族,甘肃兰州人,博士,副教授。研究方向:钢结构。E-mail:。
Effect of Corrosion and Freeze-thaw Coupling on the Durability of Fiber Gypsum Based Cementified Materials
Hong-quan ZHANG1 , Peng-wu REN2, Xiao-dong LI2, * , Lin YANG3
Affiliations
  • 1 Gansu Seventh Construction Group Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730000, China
  • 2 School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
  • 3 Xi’an Wuhe Civil Engineering New Materials Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710075, China
出版时间: 2025-02-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309198
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为探究纤维石膏基胶凝材料的耐久性能,本试验将高强石膏、粉煤灰和矿渣按照44∶34∶22的比例,通过掺杂聚丙烯纤维和苎麻纤维制成纤维石膏基胶凝材料,使用甲基硅酸钠对纤维石膏基胶凝材料进行防水处理,探究在 H2SO4或NaOH腐蚀与冻融耦合作用下,冻融5、15、25、45、90 d对纤维石膏基胶凝材料软化性能、吸水率和质量损失率的影响。对纤维石膏基胶凝材料进行冻融应变检测,抗折及抗压强度检测,工业计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)检测。结果表明:纤维可以减少石膏基胶凝材料在冻融时的弹性和塑性变形;在酸碱腐蚀与冻融耦合作用下,NaOH 比H2SO4对纤维石膏基胶凝材料的损伤更大;使用浸泡甲基硅酸钠作防水处理的纤维石膏基胶凝材料,经过90 d冻融后,对比不做防水处理的试件,提高了0.28和0.13的抗折和抗压软化系数,降低了1.56%和9.52%的吸水率和质量损失率;随着冻融次数增加,试件孔隙开展仍以小孔为主,裂隙直径主要为0.1~2 mm。
纤维石膏基胶凝材料  /  耐久性能  /  冻融循环  /  酸碱腐蚀  /  甲基硅酸钠防水剂

In order to investigate the durability of fiber gypsum-based cementation material, a composite material was prepared by incorporating polypropylene and ramie fibers into high-strength gypsum, fly ash, and slag in a ratio of 44∶34∶22.Sodium methylsilicate was utilized for waterproofing the fiber gypsum-based cementitious material, and the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on its softening property, water absorption, and mass loss were studied after 5, 15, 25, 45, and 90 days under the combined action of H2SO4 or NaOH corrosion and freeze-thaw. Freeze-thaw strain testing, flexural and compressive strength testing, as well as industrial computed tomography(CT) scanning were conducted. The results indicate that fibers can mitigate both elastic and plastic deformation of the gypsum-based cementitious material during freeze-thaw cycles. Furthermore, under the combined effect of acid-base corrosion and freeze-thaw cycles, NaOH causes greater damage than H2SO4 does. After undergoing 90 days of freeze-thaw cycling with sodium methylsilicate treatment applied to it,the flexural and compressive softening coefficients increase by 0.28 and 0.13 respectively compared to specimens without waterproofing; meanwhile water absorption rates decrease by 1.56% while mass loss rates decreased by 9.52%. As freezing-and thawing times increase,pore development in specimens is still dominated by small holes,and crack diameters are mainly between 0.1~2 mm.

fibrous gypsum based cementing material  /  durability  /  freeze-thaw cycle  /  acid-base corrosion  /  sodium methylsilicate water repellent
张宏权, 任鹏武, 李晓东, 杨林. 腐蚀与冻融耦合作用下对纤维石膏基胶凝材料耐久性能的影响. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1628 -1636 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309198
Hong-quan ZHANG, Peng-wu REN, Xiao-dong LI, Lin YANG. Effect of Corrosion and Freeze-thaw Coupling on the Durability of Fiber Gypsum Based Cementified Materials[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1628 -1636 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309198
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石膏基胶凝材料是一种绿色环保的无机材料,通过添加一定纤维及外加剂可以增强其性能,具有生产能耗低和工艺性能好等优点[1-2]。在建筑材料中常用于生产建筑石膏墙板,是一种良好的墙体材料,具有轻质、隔音隔热、保温和可塑等优点。但是石膏的耐水性和抗冻性较差,在寒冷或潮湿气候的影响下强度会大幅受损,使其产品在建筑材料领域的使用受到极大限制[3]。因此,提高石膏的耐久性,增大石膏制品的使用范围,有必要对石膏制品的耐久性能进行研究。
建筑材料复掺石膏基材制作胶凝材料以提升石膏制品的耐久能是中外的研究热点。将粉煤灰和矿渣等工业废料掺入石膏中,可提升石膏的耐久能,同时还实现了废物利用和一定程度上解决环境污染等问题[4]。 使用粉煤灰和矿渣对石膏胶凝材料改性,可改善体系的微观结构,加快石膏胶凝体系的水化反应,提高石膏基胶凝材料力学性能[5-6]。栗东平等[7]研究表明,矿渣等材料和石膏结合,可激发水化产物AFt和C-S-H凝胶的生成,进而提升材料的抗压强度等性能。使用纤维对石膏基胶凝材料改性,可提升胶凝材料的抗折强度和软化性能。石宗利等[8]研究发现,使用维尼纶纤维改性石膏基复合材料,其微观结晶结构由单一的石膏结晶转变为了纤维与石膏基复合材料共生结晶,抗折强度和耐久性也得到增强。目前,提高石膏基胶凝材料耐水性的方法主要有外涂法和内掺法。潘红等[9]研究发现,外涂防水剂使石膏体孔隙内表面由亲水性变成憎水性,阻碍了水分的进一步渗入,可有效降低石膏砌块的吸水率。何廷树等[10]研究表明,内掺甲基硅酸钠可以改变石膏的晶体形貌和微观结构,降低吸水率和软化系数,从而提高砌块强度和耐水性。
中外学者采用不同方法分析胶凝材料在冻融下强度损失的变化规律。在混凝土研究领域,学者们多采用冻融循环条件来进行试验研究,以反映实际工程中混凝土材料的耐久性能[11-13]。而关于石膏基材料在冻融循环条件下的性能劣化研究较少。Lü等[14]采用正交实验设计来说明玄武岩纤维和聚乙烯醇纤维对脱硫石膏基胶凝材料(DGCCM)性能的影响,结果表明,两种纤维的结合改善了DGCCM的力学性能、耐水性和耐久性,纤维的掺入抑制了DGCCM干湿和冻融循环中大量裂纹的产生,提高了其耐久性。郑波涛等[15]研究表明,在冻融循环作用下,随着磷石膏掺量增加,抗压强度和质量损失率逐渐增大,泡沫轻质土力学性能下降,试件更易被冻胀破坏。田威等[16]借助计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)扫描分析发现,试样内部孔隙的结构分布特征和演化规律与其力学特性和宏观破损特征密切相关,即冻融次数越多,孔隙开展越多,则抗压强度越低,通过对试件的应力-应变分析,可分析纤维在冻融循环中对材料的约束作用。靳贺松等[17]通过应变采集仪和静态应变测试分析系统,分析聚丙烯纤维水泥基复合材料微应变与冻融时间的关系,分析出试件体积膨胀变形规律。这些研究表明,石膏基材料在冻融循环条件下的耐久性能同样是值得关注的问题。
高强石膏、粉煤灰、矿渣、聚丙烯纤维和苎麻纤维,通过正交试验取得的最优配合比为44∶34∶22∶1∶1.5[18-19]。通过利用可再生的苎麻纤维和粉煤灰、矿渣等工业废料,参照最优配合比制作纤维石膏基胶凝材料,对纤维石膏基胶凝材料设计冻融循环试验,探究在冻融循环试验条件下,其软化系数、吸水率、质量损失率和孔隙随冻融循环次数增加的变化规律。考虑墙体材料一般在室内外环境中使用,难免接触冻融、腐蚀等工况,试验探究了气冻与酸碱溶解耦合作用环境下对胶凝材料耐久性的影响。使用涂抹和短期浸泡甲基硅酸钠防水剂处理试件,探究在酸碱腐蚀与冻融循环耦合作用下对材料耐久性的影响,为石膏基胶凝材料的孔隙开展、破坏形态和耐久性能研究提供参考依据。
1 试验
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1.1 原料
试验中所用高强石膏来自荆门丸福长兴石膏有限公司,高强石膏的纯度大于95%,初凝时间3 min,终凝时间18 min,标准稠度需水量38%,粉煤灰:Ⅱ级,取自兰州长盛源粉煤灰有限责任公司,矿渣:选用巩义市元亨净水材料厂的S95级矿渣,粉煤灰及矿渣的化学成分如表1所示。苎麻纤维(三毛实业股份有限公司,长度为12~15 mm)、聚丙烯纤维(赣州大业金属纤维有限公司,长度23~25 mm)、0.05 mol/L的NaOH、0.05 mol/L的H2SO4。
1.2 试件制备
将高强石膏、粉煤灰、矿渣以配合比44∶34∶22的比例在搅拌机中搅拌均匀,按0.3的水胶比加入水,再次搅拌均匀成胶凝状,加入质量分数为1.5%的苎麻纤维与1%的聚丙烯纤维,搅拌均匀后倒入160 mm(长)×40 mm(宽)×40 mm(高)的模具中振动成型,自然条件下静置24 h后脱模,在混凝土恒温养护箱[温度为(20±1) ℃]中养护28 d。
1.3 试验设备与试验方法
1.3.1 仪器设备
使用具有速冻功能的降温设备,进行冻融试验,设备降温极限温度为-35 ℃,生产厂家:澳柯玛股份有限责任公司;采用基于X射线的ANOVOXEL-2000型CT扫描仪进行无损检测与数值模拟软件的三维无损分析,最高分辨率6 μm,最大电压300 kV;DH3816静态应变测试系统,生产厂家:江苏东华测试技术股份有限公司。
1.3.2 冻融试验方法
对养护28 d后的试件,进行-15 ℃气冻15 ℃水溶液解冻、-15 ℃气冻15 ℃酸性溶液解冻和-15 ℃气冻15 ℃碱性溶液解冻,以冷冻12 h、溶解12 h为一个冻融循环,进行5、15、25、45、90 d的循环, 每次循环结束时将试件样品擦除表面的水分后称重记录,再进行抗压抗折强度测试。
为详细探究石膏基胶凝材料在冻融时纤维的作用,以掺加纤维和不掺加纤维的石膏基胶凝材料为对照组,在试件内部预埋应变片,连接使用 DH3816应力应变采集仪,模拟-5~5 ℃、-15~15 ℃、-25~25 ℃、-30~30 ℃情况下,探究试件的应变情况。
1.3.3 冻融应变检测方法
纤维对石膏基胶凝材料的应变作用试验,借助电阻式应变片和静态应变测试系统,通过对比掺加纤维和不掺加纤维的石膏基胶凝材料,在冻融时的应变测试与分析来完成的,具体测试步骤如下。
(1)将存储设备通过DH3816应变采集程序与静态应变测试系统连接,再将静态应变测试系统通过线缆与冻融设备内的冻融试件连接,如图1和图2所示。
(2) 应变检测使用的冻融试件内部放置有电阻式应变片,用于检测试件随温度变化时的应变,应变片安装位置如图3所示。
(3) 将试件放入冻融设备中,使用如图4所示的温度循环调温,进行气冻水融的冻融循环试验,记录有纤维和无纤维两组石膏基胶凝材料试件在冻融循环作用下试件的应变情况。
2 结果与分析
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2.1 气冻水融循环
对完成气冻水融-冻融循环试验的试件样品,在抗压抗折试验机上进行强度测试,记录其抗折抗压强度,计算抗折抗压软化系数,如图5所示。将冻融循环完成后的试件擦干表面水分的重量命名为g1,冻融后的试件经烘干后得到的恒重记作g2,将冻融前的试件恒重记作g3,试件吸水率为$\frac{{g}_{1}-{g}_{2}}{{g}_{1}}$,质量损失率为$\frac{{g}_{3}-{g}_{2}}{{g}_{3}}$,计算试件的吸水率与质量损失率,将数据绘制成图,如图6所示。
从图5的数据可以看出,在气冻水融90 d后,试件的抗折抗压软化系数为0.53和0.47,试件的抗折软化系数随着冻融天数的增加逐渐降低,抗压软化系数总体小于抗折软化系数,数据曲线呈先降低再循序上升,最后突然降低的趋势,冻融过程中软化系数起伏较大,特别是在冻融45d时突然增大,在冻融90 d 后抗压软化系数又急剧下降,气冻水融-冻融循环过程中试件抗压软化系数变化不规律。
用CT扫描对冻融45 d试件表层2 mm处进行观测,如图7所示,抗折测试受力点如图箭头方向所示。通过对冻融试件裂隙观察发现,试件横向(图7中上下方向)裂缝开展数量多于纵向(图7中左右方向),再结合抗压强度测试方法,分析得出,由于抗压强度测试时试件的受压面积为40 mm×40 mm,而试件冻融45 d的裂隙开展是横向开展,受压区的少量的裂缝对测试结果影响较小,因此45 d时,试件抗压软化系数大于抗折软化系数。 在进行抗折强度测试时,受力点的跨度较大,跨度范围内的横向裂缝多,所以测试结果对抗折强度影响比抗压强度大。 5、15、25 d的试件同45 d的裂隙开展情况类似。
纤维石膏基胶凝材料在冻融0~45 d内,水化反应持续进行,水化反应一定程度地增强了材料的力学强度,因此抗压强度软化系数曲线在0~45 d内循序上升。裂隙开展0~45 d时,少量的横向裂缝对抗压强度影响较小,随着冻融次数的增加,试件基本完成水化反应,试件在冻融45~90 d内的横向裂隙开展规模增大、增多,裂隙的开展对试件抗压强度产生的影响越来越大,因此在冻融90 d时试件的抗压软化系数突然减小,吸水率减小,质量损失率急剧增大。通过试件水化因素和裂隙开展特点分析得出,抗压软化系数在冻融0~45 d内变化不规律,是试件在冻融过程中持续进行水化反应和纤维石膏基胶凝材料的裂隙开展共同影响的。
2.2 冻融性能影响因素
2.2.1 有无纤维对冻融性能的影响
对有纤维和无纤维两种试件,采用图4所示的温度加载制度进行气冻水融循环应变测试,通过DH3816应变采集程序与静态应变测试系统,采集得到的时间-应变数据,如图8所示。
根据气冻水融应变测试的时间与应变曲线发现,有纤维和无纤维两种试件在0~24 h,应变在冻融温度调为0 ℃时,变形也接近于0,试件在此阶段的变形多为弹性变形。 而在23~36.5 h,冻融应变测试的加载温度幅度逐渐增大,当冻融应变测试温度调为0时,应变不为0,材料存在塑形变形。
(1)0~23 h冻融应变分析。如图8所示,0~23 h中,记录的无纤维和有纤维试件出现的应变峰值和峰值对应的时间情况分别为:无纤维的胶凝材料在6.73 h出现峰值238.0,在13.2 h出现峰值71,在18.45 h出现峰值-585.0;有纤维的胶凝材料在8.67 h 出现峰值200.68,在14.31 h出现峰值42.38,在18.54出现峰值-555.89。通过对比有纤维和无纤维试件出现应变的峰值和时间发现,掺有纤维的试件比无纤维的试件出现应变峰值的时间晚,且峰值的绝对值较小。有纤维的试件应变峰值较小,是因为纤维与石膏基胶凝材料的胶结作用没有被破坏,材料的变形属于弹性变形,纤维的拉伸和胶凝材料自身的强度抵抗了冻融产生的变形。
(2)23~36.5 h冻融应变分析。如图8所示,23~36.5 h中,记录的无纤维和有纤维试件出现的应变情况为:23~27 h,无纤维的试块应变值增大后快速减小,有纤维的试件应变值增大后减小速度较慢;32~36.5 h,两组试件的应变值先增大后急剧减小;在36.5 h时冻融温度上升至0 ℃时,有纤维试件的残余应变为120.8,无纤维的残余应变为379.1。在23 h之后,模拟温度绝对值增大,试件热胀冷缩变形幅度较大,纤维与石膏基胶凝材料的部分胶结作用被损坏,纤维束缚作用降低,材料产生塑性变形。因此,纤维与胶凝材料的胶结作用、胶凝材料自身的强度和纤维的部分束缚作用抵抗冻融破坏与变形,致使试件塑形应变和残余应变较小。
纤维石膏基胶凝材料冻融循环25 d后,抗压强度为27.47 MPa,抗压软化系数为0.85,而无纤维的石膏基胶凝材料冻融循环25 d后,抗压强度为17.10 MPa,抗压软化系数为0.53。相较于无纤维的试件,有纤维的试件在气冻水融试验后的抗压强度增大10.37 Mpa,无纤维石膏基胶凝材料冻融后的强度下降明显,强度损失较大,纤维可提升石膏基胶凝材料在气冻水融循环试验中的抗压强度和抗压软化系数。因此,掺有纤维的试件在气冻水融试验中能够延迟变形,减小弹性变形和塑形残余变形。
2.2.2 酸性溶液耦合冻融循环
在酸性溶液与冻融循环耦合作用下,对试件进行试验,统计计算软化系数、质量损失率和吸水率。如图9和图10所示。
对酸性溶液耦合冻融循环的软化系数曲线观察发现,随着冻融天数的增加,软化系数整体呈下降趋势,特别是在15 d,抗折抗压软化系数低了0.25与0.14,这是由于酸性环境中的H+与试件发生反应,反应生成的硫酸盐类结晶物质附着在试件表面和微孔隙中,填补了试件的部分缝隙,在一定程度上阻止了水分子侵入试件,降低了吸水率,在冻融90 d时,软化系数降低幅度才会更小,试件表面附着有硫酸盐类物质,增加了试件的重量。
2.2.3 碱性溶液耦合冻融循环
在碱性溶液耦合冻融循环作用下进行试验,统计计算软化系数、质量损失率和吸水率。如图11和图12所示。可以看出,碱性环境下,试件90 d时的抗压抗折软化系数为0.55和0.46,都低于0.6,在15 d时强度突然增大,这是由于冻融循环试件出现微裂隙后,氢氧化钠溶液通过裂隙进入试件内部,激发和加快了试件的水化反应,提升了冻融试件的早期强度,因此抗折抗压软化系数15 d左右迅速增大。 但随着冻融循环的持续,试件裂隙也在持续开展,更多的氢氧化钠溶液进入试件裂隙,过快地加速了试件的水化反应,反应产生的热量使材料内部温度高于环境温度,造成了试件内外冷热不均的现象,加速了试件裂隙的开展,因此试件内部孔隙、吸水和质量损失增多,试件强度逐渐降低,最终导致试件在碱性溶液耦合冻融循环90 d时比酸性溶液的软化系数低、质量损失和吸水率高。
2.2.4 甲基硅酸钠防水剂
对养护28 d后的试件,以涂抹质量分数为30%的甲基硅酸钠溶液和浸泡质量分数为30%的甲基硅酸钠溶液两种防水处理方式,对试件进行防水处理。试件表面涂抹30%甲基硅酸钠溶液方式处理的混杂纤维胶凝材料,进行酸碱耦合冻融循环试验,统计软化系数进行绘图,如图13所示。可以看出,试件表面涂抹30%甲基硅酸钠溶液,在0~45 d,增大了试件抗压软化系数,这是由于涂抹甲基硅酸钠的试件,有效阻止了水分子的侵入,试件在冻融期间水化反应持续稳定进行,导致软化系数有所提高,但在碱性溶液腐蚀作用下,随着冻融次数的增加,表层的甲基硅酸钠加剧剥落,试件抗压抗折软化系数迅速降低,碱性溶液耦合冻融循环至90 d时,抗折抗压软化系数为0.51和0.46。
浸泡甲基硅酸钠溶液的胶凝材料试件,进行酸碱性耦合冻融循环后记录软化系数,如图14所示。使用浸泡甲基硅酸钠进行防水处理的试件在冻融循环90 d后,抗折和抗压软化系数为0.81和0.60,质量损失率和吸水率为5.03%和11.04%,对比不做防水处理的试件,提高了0.28和0.13的抗折和压软化系数,降低了1.56%和9.52%的质量损失率和吸水率,浸泡甲基硅酸钠溶液的试件,在碱性溶液溶解冻融循环中,软化系数下降变慢,在冻融期间有效阻止了溶液侵入试件,冻融45 d后试件的水化反应仍未受到较大影响。
3 核磁共振扫描分析
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基于X射线CT的无损检测与数值模拟软件的三维无损分析,对试件进行核磁共振扫描分析,测试电压270 kV,测试电流:450 μA,扫描得到试件三维结构数据。
3.1 孔隙观测
在碱性耦合作用下,冻融45 d涂抹与浸泡甲基硅酸钠溶液处理的试件两端2 cm处的CT扫描图,如图15所示。
通过对两组试件45 d的CT图片观察发现:涂抹防水剂试件冻融45 d的裂隙开展比浸泡防水剂45 d的裂隙开展更深,涂抹防水剂的试块表层下有更深的裂隙造影,浸泡甲基硅酸钠防水剂裂隙的开展深度更小,两种试块皆无贯通裂缝;浸泡甲基硅酸钠可更有效地阻止水分子的侵入,减少石膏基胶凝材料在碱性耦合冻融循环作用下裂隙开展的深度。冻融循环25 d和90 d同45 d裂隙开展情况类似,冻融循环5 d和15 d的裂隙开展都较小,肉眼难以看出差别。
3.2 孔隙开展
对使用涂抹甲基硅酸钠作为防水处理,在碱性溶液冻融45 d循环的试件,使用CT扫描探测其孔隙,将试件的孔隙数量与体积进行统计,绘制直方图如图16所示。
A1等效孔隙直径为6~8 mm的孔隙占比最大,占比31.69%;A2等效孔隙直径为0.1~2 mm的孔隙占比最大,为42.94%;A3等效孔隙直径为6~8 mm的孔隙比占比最大,为38.16%。碱性环境中,冻融试件的裂隙开展为6~8 mm孔隙占比最大,从裂隙开展角度的分析,验证了前文所述的NaOH溶液会加剧石膏基胶凝材料发生水化反应,而导致冻融裂隙开展增大。
为了研究水溶解作用下冻融循环的孔隙开展,使用CT扫描分析试件气冻水融90 d孔径的数量与体积,对孔隙等效直径为2~4、4~6、6~8 mm的孔隙进行统计绘直方图,如图17所示,计算孔隙体积占比绘制直方图,如图18所示。
气冻水融循环中,随着冻融天数的增加,孔隙等效直径为2~4 mm的孔隙数量由76个逐渐增加至139个,孔隙等效直径为4~6 mm的孔隙数量裂隙由12个变为11个,孔隙体积比中,0.1~2 mm的孔隙所占体积比分数最大,冻融5 d时,占比63.93%,冻融25 d时占比52.53%,冻融45 d时占比53.76%,冻融90 d时占比50.19%。
根据孔隙的开展、数量和体积比等信息,发现C1试件的孔隙直径主要为0.1~2 mm,且随着冻融天数的增加,孔隙数量增加,孔隙直径不增加。
4 结论
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(1)模拟-5~5、-15~15、-25~25、-30~30 ℃冻融环境下试件的时间-应变情况,发现有纤维的石膏基胶凝材料在冻融循环后强度损失较少,可以延迟石膏基胶凝材料在冻融时的应变。
(2)酸性溶液在一定程度上阻止了水分子侵入试件,软化系数降低幅度较小;碱性溶液激发了试件的水化反应,加快裂隙的开展,冻融90 d后软化系数降低幅度较大。
(3)涂抹甲基硅酸钠防水剂处理的试件,在0~45 d冻融循环中可提高抗压软化系数,在碱腐蚀作用下试件抗压抗折软化系数降低较快;浸泡甲基硅酸钠溶液防水剂处理的试件,在0~90 d冻融循环中抗折抗压软化系数下降较慢,降低了吸水率和质量损失率,防水性能较好。
(4)石膏基胶凝材料气冻水融循环5、25、45、90 d的裂隙开展较小,随着冻融天数的增加,孔隙数量增加,孔隙直径不增加。裂隙的直径主要为0.1~2 mm。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金(51968043)
文献
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2025年第25卷第4期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2309198
  • 接收时间：2023-11-22
  • 首发时间：2026-02-02
  • 出版时间：2025-02-08
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  • 收稿日期：2023-11-22
  • 修回日期：2024-11-05
基金
国家自然科学基金(51968043)
作者信息
    1 甘肃第七建设集团股份有限公司, 兰州 730000
    2 兰州理工大学土木工程学院, 兰州 730050
    3 西安五和土木工程新材料有限公司, 西安 710075

通讯作者:

*李晓东(1973—),男,汉族,甘肃兰州人,博士,副教授。研究方向:钢结构。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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